MODULE 2: Developing and evaluating a biosecurity plan

Dr. Don Reynolds Author

09/06/2018 Added

140 Plays

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Module 2 will define what a biosecurity program/plan is, why it is important and the purpose of a biosecurity program. Developing, assessing and evaluating a biosecurity program is also presented. (28 min.)

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[00:00:03.601]Hello, I'm Dr. Don Reynolds, professor
[00:00:05.861]and poultry veterinarian
[00:00:07.411]at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
[00:00:09.571]And welcome to the Big Red Biosecurity
[00:00:11.861]Program for poultry.
[00:00:13.161]This is biosecurity training module 2:
[00:00:16.651]Developing and Evaluating a Biosecurity Plan.
[00:00:20.361]Today we will define what a biosecurity
[00:00:23.191]program and what a biosecurity plan are,
[00:00:26.971]why it is important, and the purpose of
[00:00:29.391]a biosecurity program.
[00:00:30.811]We'll also discuss how to develop, assess and
[00:00:33.481]evaluate a biosecurity program.
[00:00:36.881]So why is a biosecurity program important?
[00:00:42.111]Well, we are protecting our birds from
[00:00:44.613]diseases.
[00:00:45.743]Biosecurity is the first line of defense
[00:00:48.713]in protecting our birds from diseases.
[00:00:51.113]There are preventive measures.
[00:00:53.303]Prevent exposures, prevent infections.
[00:00:55.663]That decreases the spread of diseases,
[00:00:58.073]and, in turn, the losses due to mortality
[00:01:00.663]and morbidity, and economic losses from
[00:01:04.143]these diseases, and public health concerns.
[00:01:06.713]There are certain diseases that are
[00:01:08.753]transmissible to humans, and it decreases
[00:01:12.833]those concerns as well.
[00:01:14.443]It also decreases the use of treatments and
[00:01:17.113]preventatives such as antibiotics.
[00:01:19.223]The less we use antibiotics, the more we
[00:01:22.333]decrease antimicrobial resistance.
[00:01:25.193]In some instances it decreases the use of
[00:01:28.933]vaccines, which decreases resistant strains.
[00:01:32.093]It also increases the health and well-being
[00:01:34.483]of our flocks and, typically, profitability.
[00:01:37.493]Biosecurity programs may be required by
[00:01:40.823]some government programs such as U-S-D-A
[00:01:44.283]National Poultry Improvement Plan.
[00:01:47.403]The ultimate objective or purpose
[00:01:50.843]of biosecurity or biosecurity program is
[00:01:54.583]to reduce risk.
[00:01:57.093]Again, to reduce risk.
[00:01:58.913]We can never totally eliminate the risk
[00:02:01.873]of disease; however, we can substantially
[00:02:05.053]mitigate the risk by identifying risk
[00:02:07.463]factors and planning accordingly.
[00:02:10.933]So what is a biosecurity program?
[00:02:13.963]A program, a biosecurity program, are the
[00:02:17.413]practices and procedures you are
[00:02:19.413]currently using to reduce risk of disease.
[00:02:22.363]So what is a biosecurity plan?
[00:02:26.283]A plan are the practices and procedures that
[00:02:29.413]you will implement if circumstances change.
[00:02:33.003]So a biosecurity programs can--and should--
[00:02:37.193]contain biosecurity plans.
[00:02:40.213]So, we typically implement plans into our
[00:02:43.813]programs when something changes.
[00:02:46.043]For instance, the threat level.
[00:02:47.783]Or perhaps an assessment.
[00:02:50.213]There may be other things as well.
[00:02:52.703]So let's talk about developing and
[00:02:54.823]evaluating a biosecurity program and plan.
[00:03:00.343]To begin with, you need to define or
[00:03:02.893]determine your objectives and goals.
[00:03:05.333]What problems are you trying to solve?
[00:03:07.693]What are you attempting to do?
[00:03:09.843]What do you want to accomplish in your
[00:03:12.153]biosecurity program?
[00:03:14.113]And the plan is what-if scenarios.
[00:03:16.513]What if, for instance, a low incidence but
[00:03:20.253]high-impact disease occurred, such as
[00:03:23.213]high pathogenic Avian Inflenza?
[00:03:25.483]What if your biosecurity index or score
[00:03:28.853]goes over or under a certain benchmark?
[00:03:31.533]These are what-if scenarios, and you need
[00:03:33.993]to determine when and how the biosecurity
[00:03:36.593]plan becomes implemented into a
[00:03:38.933]biosecurity program.
[00:03:41.063]These are the first steps to be taken and
[00:03:43.693]should provide you guidance in establishing
[00:03:46.183]your goals and guiding principles.
[00:03:49.623]Your goals. Setting the goals.
[00:03:51.433]Your goals should be clear, concise and
[00:03:54.453]unambiguous. For instance, we want to
[00:03:56.963]protect against Salmonella introduction
[00:03:59.283]into our flock.
[00:04:01.373]We want to decrease the mortality from a
[00:04:04.003]specific disease. We want to raise
[00:04:06.923]antibiotic-free poultry. Or we want to increase
[00:04:10.923]the awareness of our biosecurity program.
[00:04:14.123]Your goals should be attainable, should be
[00:04:16.913]able to track the progress of your goals
[00:04:19.673]with benchmarks.
[00:04:21.403]So, for example, within one year we want
[00:04:24.313]to decrease our antibiotic usage by
[00:04:26.363]50 percent. Within two years by 75 percent.
[00:04:29.763]Your goals should be reasonable in number,
[00:04:33.033]and they should represent your most urgent
[00:04:35.603]needs.
[00:04:38.823]Now, your goals may change according to
[00:04:41.213]threat level. So, example, an outbreak of
[00:04:44.283]a highly infectious, high-impact disease
[00:04:46.763]in their surroundings.
[00:04:48.233]So, a good example would be high-pathogenic
[00:04:50.843]Avian Influenza, or Exotic Newcastle Disease.
[00:04:54.443]So we have different threat levels that
[00:04:56.683]correspond to different biosecurity levels
[00:04:59.073]representing the current situation.
[00:05:01.793]So, for instance, maybe you have a two-tier:
[00:05:04.973]normal and emergency or urgent.
[00:05:08.103]Or maybe there's a three-tier:
[00:05:09.933]low, medium, high. Or level one,
[00:05:12.073]level two, level three.
[00:05:14.273]We often hear about different security
[00:05:17.033]levels when we're talking about the
[00:05:19.273]transportation safety in airports.
[00:05:22.983]We're at a yellow alert or a red alert.
[00:05:26.523]The parameters of how different levels are
[00:05:29.313]designated and achieved should be
[00:05:31.463]delineated and written. So, for an example,
[00:05:34.363]we'll go to Level 2 from Level 1, our
[00:05:38.833]normal operating procedures. We'll go to
[00:05:41.453]Level 2 if Avian Influenza is present in
[00:05:44.543]the United States. We'll go to Level 3
[00:05:47.823]if high-path Avian influenza is within
[00:05:50.303]50 miles of our operation.
[00:05:53.683]The goals, the standard operating procedures,
[00:05:57.133]etc.--that is your biosecurity program--
[00:05:59.713]should be altered to accommodate the change.
[00:06:02.883]So let's go over an example again.
[00:06:04.873]We have known Avian Influenza in the United
[00:06:08.443]States. We're going from Level 1 to Level 2.
[00:06:11.313]What's the standard operating procedure
[00:06:13.703]that might change? We might say we are
[00:06:16.343]going to make sure that we don't receive
[00:06:18.683]any poultry or poultry products from that
[00:06:21.443]area during this period.
[00:06:23.783]Maybe Level 3 where high-path is within
[00:06:27.053]50 miles. Maybe a standard operating
[00:06:29.713]procedure would be all vehicular traffic
[00:06:32.353]going in and out will be cleaned and
[00:06:34.533]disinfected.
[00:06:37.857]Assessment. Assessment is very important.
[00:06:40.757]Assessment is a quantitative method
[00:06:43.007]for measuring or estimating the degree to
[00:06:45.937]which biosecurity risk is increased or
[00:06:48.347]decreased when changes to biosecurity
[00:06:50.767]programs and / or conditions are made
[00:06:53.497]or occur.
[00:06:55.047]Put in another way, in very common language,
[00:06:58.027]we want to determine what is working and
[00:07:00.697]what is not.
[00:07:02.117]We often times use an index or a score,
[00:07:05.177]but we must define the meaning of increasing
[00:07:08.677]or decreasing that index or score. And we
[00:07:12.097]must communicate those results to everyone.
[00:07:16.197]So, let me give you an example of increasing
[00:07:19.137]or decreasing scores.
[00:07:21.147]Two games. Let's say basketball.
[00:07:24.177]In basketball the goal is to score as many
[00:07:27.297]points as you can, and so the higher
[00:07:29.547]score wins. In golf -- I'm not a golfer but
[00:07:32.797]it's my understanding that the objective
[00:07:35.867]is lower scores. So, a lower score is
[00:07:39.657]superior to a higher score. But we must
[00:07:42.267]define what we're working with in the same
[00:07:44.807]way with this assessment.
[00:07:46.377]If we use an index or score, we can use
[00:07:48.747]any type of formula that we want, but
[00:07:51.137]we must know what it means and
[00:07:53.147]communicate those.
[00:07:54.437]We may need the basis for changing the
[00:07:56.957]threat level on an assessment. If a change
[00:07:59.827]in the index or score results in no risk
[00:08:02.797]reduction or action, then you must ask
[00:08:05.847]yourself Are we using the right formula?
[00:08:08.697]Are we instituting the right changes, are we
[00:08:11.167]wasting our time and resources, and how
[00:08:13.527]can we change things to make it more
[00:08:15.747]meaningful or, more precisely to reduce
[00:08:19.037]the risk?
[00:08:22.047]Now, getting back to assessment. How to assess.
[00:08:24.907]What's a method for formulating an index or
[00:08:27.857]score. Well, we ask questions and we have
[00:08:30.557]questionnaires. So here's an example.
[00:08:33.767]What protocols are currently being used
[00:08:36.497]for visitors to enter a production facility?
[00:08:39.307]And here are four answers.
[00:08:41.107]A -- sign in, shower in with clean
[00:08:43.876]clothing provided.
[00:08:45.906]B -- sign in, disposable shoe and boot covers
[00:08:49.806]are provided, and disposable coveralls
[00:08:52.564]are required.
[00:08:54.404]C -- boots and coveralls required; boots to
[00:08:57.604]be washed in designated boot wash before
[00:09:00.224]entry.
[00:09:01.524]D -- no protocols, just everyone is welcome.
[00:09:05.314]Well, the answers should be clear and concise
[00:09:08.534]and not overlapping, like we have with
[00:09:10.984]A, B, C, D above.
[00:09:13.398]They should be significantly different to
[00:09:15.968]represent significant scoring differences.
[00:09:18.858]And when we assign scores, the scores must
[00:09:22.448]be significantly different, so typically we
[00:09:25.558]recommend either an exponential versus
[00:09:29.098]an arithmetic way to assigning scores.
[00:09:32.048]So, lets use the example above.
[00:09:35.038]Answer A, which is highly, highly desirable
[00:09:39.888]in a biosecurity situation. Sign in,
[00:09:43.458]shower in, provide clean clothing.
[00:09:46.198]That might be assigned a score of 1,000 or 8
[00:09:51.238]instead of just 3.
[00:09:54.898]Answer B. Again, a good biosecure way.
[00:09:58.958]Sign in, disposable shoe covers, etc.
[00:10:01.558]That might be less than "A" but more than
[00:10:04.718]"C" and "D." So it might be assigned 100
[00:10:07.458]or perhaps 4 instead of just 2. Answer C,
[00:10:11.458]10 or 2 instead of 1. And Answer B, 1
[00:10:15.268]instead of just zero. So instead of just
[00:10:17.458]having a scale of zero, 1, 2 and 3, we have
[00:10:20.288]a scale of 1, 10, 100, 1000. So, in essence
[00:10:24.728]we're saying that Answer A is 1,000 times
[00:10:28.648]better than Answer D with no protocols.
[00:10:33.978]How do we come up with these questions?
[00:10:36.758]How do we ask the right questions?
[00:10:40.708]Well, basically we can use experimental
[00:10:44.118]evidence. For example, conditions for the
[00:10:47.278]pathogen survival may relate to the selection
[00:10:50.028]of a disinfectant, or handling mortalities or
[00:10:53.258]building downtime, or routes or modes of
[00:10:57.008]disease transmission. So you must know
[00:11:00.516]how these pathogens are transmitted and
[00:11:04.706]under what conditions. Might be the
[00:11:06.836]availability of vaccines and their effectiveness.
[00:11:10.186]Data may not be available for every
[00:11:12.276]question, so you may have to extrapolate
[00:11:14.676]from other sources. But be cautious. Don't
[00:11:17.116]overextrapolate.
[00:11:19.026]There might be retrospective analysis.
[00:11:21.486]In other words, what works and what doesn't
[00:11:24.326]just from our experiences. There's much
[00:11:26.636]written about a lot of previous disease
[00:11:28.896]and disease occurrences.
[00:11:30.496]And I guess when all else fails you can
[00:11:32.696]use the expert recommendations.
[00:11:34.886]So you can either from an individual or
[00:11:37.736]a group of individuals, you can get
[00:11:40.106]their common opinions and advice and use
[00:11:44.426]that for your assessment questions.
[00:11:50.076]Now, you can also use quantitative data.
[00:11:53.796]So for example, we want to decrease the
[00:11:57.086]number of vehicles that come into the
[00:11:59.326]facility. So, you can just count the number
[00:12:03.186]of vehicles, how long do they stay, etc.
[00:12:06.716]There may be a method for compliance
[00:12:09.386]and how effective. For instance, a sign-in
[00:12:11.736]sheet. Are people using that?
[00:12:13.496]There might be other ways--electronic entry
[00:12:16.116]system with access cards, or perhaps video
[00:12:18.866]cameras.
[00:12:22.652]You want to make sure that your assessment
[00:12:26.262]and your scores can be used as a benchmark
[00:12:28.822]over time for the same facility. So, from
[00:12:31.722]year to year or month to month, we're going
[00:12:34.232]to set up our questionnaire, we're going to
[00:12:36.712]give our facility a score, and we're going
[00:12:39.002]to come back in six months, do the
[00:12:41.262]same thing and see if have improved
[00:12:43.422]ourself.
[00:12:44.082]So, it's a way to determine if progress is
[00:12:46.432]being made and changes are needed.
[00:12:48.872]They can also be used to compare facilities
[00:12:51.632]within operations or between operations.
[00:12:54.072]So, here's a barn within our complex.
[00:12:56.572]How are we doing with that? We ask certain
[00:12:59.052]questions. We compare to another barn or
[00:13:01.772]between farms. A farm over here may have
[00:13:04.802]a set of questions, and we want to compare
[00:13:07.922]to this farm because this farm may be doing
[00:13:10.462]better or worse in certain areas.
[00:13:12.462]So it may more accurately determine or
[00:13:14.732]identify crucial risk factors, may determine
[00:13:17.452]what works and what doesn't. It can make
[00:13:19.842]changes to our biosecurity programs and
[00:13:22.742]can be used for future planning.
[00:13:24.812]We can also use this to establish our best
[00:13:27.202]management practices, our standard
[00:13:29.352]operating procedures, etc., and can be
[00:13:32.582]used to measure compliance and training.
[00:13:37.222]So let's start-- Let's begin talking about
[00:13:41.167]developing and evaluating a biosecurity
[00:13:43.477]program and plan.
[00:13:45.287]The very first thing. Who's in charge?
[00:13:48.447]Who is responsible for the biosecurity
[00:13:51.307]program or plan? And remember that, quote,
[00:13:54.187]the chain is only as strong as the weakest
[00:13:56.957]link. So, does this person that's in charge
[00:14:01.267]have a designated title? Are they called
[00:14:04.567]the biosecurity coordinator, the director
[00:14:06.877]of biosecurity, the biosecurity officer?
[00:14:10.067]Is the person and/or the company or entity
[00:14:13.867]that's implementing the biosecurity program
[00:14:16.667]actually serious and engaged about the
[00:14:18.947]program? Or is the position just kind of by
[00:14:22.677]default the newest person on the job gets
[00:14:25.527]the job?
[00:14:26.867]Who and how are the decisions made?
[00:14:30.387]Who has the authority to implement and/or
[00:14:33.117]change things such as the standard
[00:14:35.257]operating procedures, the rules, etc.?
[00:14:38.447]Is there a budget or resources available,
[00:14:41.557]and are these resources adequate?
[00:14:44.297]Whose tasked with training and education?
[00:14:46.827]Whose responsible for and how is
[00:14:48.827]compliance accomplished?
[00:14:51.297]All very important. And it gets down to
[00:14:53.967]who's in charge or responsible for the
[00:14:56.567]biosecurity program.
[00:15:00.654]For an infectious disease pathogen, we must
[00:15:03.164]determine basic information about the
[00:15:05.559]pathogen. So you must know what you're
[00:15:08.559]dealing with.
[00:15:09.849]So, for example, what type of microbe are
[00:15:12.539]you dealing with to accomplish your goal?
[00:15:15.039]Is it a virus? Is it a bacteria?
[00:15:16.709]Is it a parasite? What's the survivability
[00:15:19.109]in the environment? That may relate to the
[00:15:21.549]best way to inactivate--kill or disinfect--
[00:15:24.139]the premise. What about the transmission
[00:15:27.369]routes? What about vectors and fomites?
[00:15:30.219]What's the likely source of this pathogen?
[00:15:33.599]Are vaccines, drugs, chemicals, are they
[00:15:36.119]available and are they efficacious?
[00:15:38.129]And will they work for protecting the host?
[00:15:40.549]Then there are noninfectious diseases.
[00:15:43.409]We must determine the cause. Must determine
[00:15:46.089]the factors associated with these
[00:15:48.239]noninfectious causes.
[00:15:51.635]Next steps. Disease transmission. Review
[00:15:54.765]all the transmission routes with regards to
[00:15:57.305]pathogens. Hopefully you would see
[00:15:59.895]Module 1 and you will remember this.
[00:16:02.095]Very important. Modes and routes of
[00:16:04.245]disease transmission. Again, direct contact;
[00:16:07.295]aerosol; indirect contact, especially the
[00:16:10.555]fomites, the inanimate objects; oral,
[00:16:13.865]food-borne, fecal oral; our vectors, our
[00:16:17.364]antimate objects--I'm sorry, our antimate
[00:16:20.954]transmitters, so disease,
[00:16:22.484]such as mosquitoes, flies, etc.,
[00:16:23.784]and we have mechanical and
[00:16:25.804]biological vectors.
[00:16:30.002]We have to look for other factors with
[00:16:32.212]regards to the biosecurity components.
[00:16:35.602]So, what could we do or what could we
[00:16:38.192]change to alter, add to, to reduce the risk?
[00:16:43.212]So, we want to make sure that we can
[00:16:45.412]establish our lines of separation.
[00:16:47.692]We want to make sure we can delineate our
[00:16:50.192]perimeter buffer areas, and we want to
[00:16:52.452]make sure that we can have good transition
[00:16:55.172]areas from going from our perimeter buffer
[00:16:57.722]area inside our facility.
[00:16:59.502]So let's look again at the big picture.
[00:17:02.082]Is there anything that we can do in terms
[00:17:04.682]of conceptual biosecurity to decrease, to
[00:17:08.417]reduce--to decrease disease or reduce
[00:17:10.917]our risk factors?
[00:17:12.457]For instance, the location of the facilities.
[00:17:15.447]Is there anything that we can do
[00:17:17.587]that would alter the traffic patterns or the
[00:17:19.727]amount of traffic? Perhaps we could place
[00:17:22.117]a gate or a roadway or an entryway
[00:17:24.337]someplace different.
[00:17:26.077]What about the structural component? What
[00:17:28.977]about our equipment, our buildings,
[00:17:32.217]materials, etc. For instance, maybe we
[00:17:35.017]change the building entryway. Maybe we
[00:17:37.537]add a chlorinator or a medicator to our
[00:17:39.787]water system.
[00:17:40.777]What about procedural? And this is where
[00:17:43.307]most of the changes will be made. How we
[00:17:45.737]operate. Perhaps we add signage, telling
[00:17:50.047]people and reminding people to do
[00:17:52.137]certain things.
[00:17:53.117]Perhaps we develop our standard operating
[00:17:55.637]procedures for a given task. And, certainly,
[00:17:58.697]education and training specific to a goal
[00:18:01.727]is very important so that people understand
[00:18:04.637]what they're doing and why they're doing it.
[00:18:10.217]Management practices such as signage. Good
[00:18:13.217]and appropriate signage is typically our
[00:18:15.767]most underutilized tool. Again, underutilized
[00:18:19.767]tool. People that enter a premise should
[00:18:22.937]not have to guess as to what or what not
[00:18:26.137]to do. They should be guided.
[00:18:28.597]So, a few guiding principles on signage:
[00:18:32.077]The purpose is to communicate with people.
[00:18:35.617]So use a commonsense approach. Remember,
[00:18:39.277]not all people speak English or understand
[00:18:42.247]English. Multiple languages should be
[00:18:44.770]considered.
[00:18:45.760]Don't assume all people can read and
[00:18:48.040]understand English. Consider languages or
[00:18:51.355]using languages known to be in your area.
[00:18:54.615]Iconic symbols and pictures should be
[00:18:56.815]considered. Again, don't assume that all
[00:18:59.975]people can understand English.
[00:19:02.615]Consideration of where signs are placed
[00:19:04.995]is very important. Consider your people,
[00:19:08.085]or the foot traffic. It usually doesn't work
[00:19:11.195]if you put it behind a door, for instance.
[00:19:13.595]Consider vehicular traffic. It's no good
[00:19:16.271]if a sign is obscured by a tree or vegetation.
[00:19:20.231]The message should be clear, informative,
[00:19:23.931]brief and instantly convey the message
[00:19:26.512]in a glance. And it should be friendly
[00:19:29.053]and nonthreatening.
[00:19:31.243]Here are some examples of what I consider
[00:19:33.743]good signage.
[00:19:35.183]Here, you can see "No unauthorized
[00:19:37.363]photography or videography. It actually
[00:19:40.883]has a picture of a camera with the
[00:19:43.133]stop sign over it. Unfortunately, maybe
[00:19:47.553]some people, unless you're a certain age,
[00:19:49.903]don't recognize this is a camera. Maybe
[00:19:52.163]we need to have that as a smartphone,
[00:19:54.413]but I think you get the idea. This is an
[00:19:56.603]iconic image.
[00:19:57.563]Here's a great sign. "Farm visitor policies."
[00:20:01.382]Has a truck here, and it has right here,
[00:20:04.082]very briefly, what all visitors should do.
[00:20:07.372]The same thing in another language.
[00:20:10.212]Here's another. "Honk." Has an icon here
[00:20:13.462]showing it. Here's a wonderful sign about
[00:20:17.462]how to wash your hands even if you don't
[00:20:20.262]read or understand English, you can
[00:20:22.382]understand just by the pictures of what's
[00:20:24.742]going on here.
[00:20:26.682]Here are some examples that I would say
[00:20:29.062]are bad signage. This one here, too wordy
[00:20:33.042]and intimidating. I'll read this to you.
[00:20:35.272]"Please do not enter the dangerous area
[00:20:37.624]beyond this gate! You quite possibly will
[00:20:39.924]get hurt, then you will sue, then a
[00:20:41.884]protracted court battle will ensue,
[00:20:43.864]exhausting your financial resources and
[00:20:46.154]you will lose, because this sign that
[00:20:48.194]warned you will be 'Exhibit 1.'"
[00:20:50.474]Well, first of all nobody is going to sit
[00:20:52.654]there and read all of that. Perhaps people
[00:20:56.044]cannot even understand it. The don't know
[00:20:58.484]what "court battle" is and all these things.
[00:21:01.314]Secondly, it's not friendly. It's kind of
[00:21:04.204]intimidating.
[00:21:05.454]Certainly this one, "Notice. Private Property.
[00:21:07.978]If you can read this, you are within range."
[00:21:12.028]Some people might think this is humorous
[00:21:14.458]or comical, but this is intimidating and
[00:21:16.658]it is unfriendly. And we want to be good
[00:21:19.828]stewards, good neighbors and good citizens
[00:21:23.988]in the poultry industry.
[00:21:27.858]OK. Again, specific factors to be considered
[00:21:31.408]in relation to biosecurity components.
[00:21:34.193]The physical distance of facilities from
[00:21:37.493]risk factors. That is your location.
[00:21:40.453]So this might be used in an index or in a
[00:21:43.363]scoring situation. So, if you're 200 yards
[00:21:46.968]from a road, this might be considered
[00:21:49.358]low risk. Or if you're less than 50 yards,
[00:21:52.638]it might be high risk.
[00:21:54.458]Incoming animals. New animals that are
[00:21:57.038]introduced into the site.
[00:21:58.808]Are there prophylactic, that means
[00:22:00.858]preventative measures. For instance,
[00:22:03.008]are they vaccinated? Have they received
[00:22:05.338]medication, etc.? Do you put them under
[00:22:07.698]quarantine?
[00:22:10.628]What about people? People are a big, big
[00:22:14.198]factor in our biosecurity programs.
[00:22:17.588]Communications--meetings, signs,
[00:22:20.698]information technology, etc.
[00:22:23.338]Communications are huge in biosecurity.
[00:22:27.508]OK, let's talk specifically about our
[00:22:29.630]company personnel. Do our company
[00:22:32.190]personnel own animals or do they encounter
[00:22:35.360]animals? You may have to restrict ownership.
[00:22:38.920]That's quite common in many companies. Or
[00:22:41.460]association with certain types of animals.
[00:22:44.150]Now remember it's not just them having
[00:22:46.860]animals. It might be others. Their child,
[00:22:49.930]their nephew, their relation, their friends,
[00:22:52.720]their neighbors may have activities,
[00:22:55.390]for instance, in poultry shows or 4-H projects,
[00:22:58.915]or county fairs, etc.
[00:23:02.035]What about consideration of your company
[00:23:04.665]personnel's employee health? Do they have
[00:23:07.295]situations that might be injurious to them
[00:23:10.586]or to the poultry themselves? What about
[00:23:13.136]the entry system? Are you furnishing them
[00:23:15.676]with the right personal protective equipment.
[00:23:18.546]Are they being trained and educated in
[00:23:20.826]terms of biosecurity?
[00:23:22.916]Visitors, clients, others. Here's a kind of
[00:23:26.496]rule of thumb I like to use. If someone
[00:23:29.176]were to inadvertently and accidentally
[00:23:32.506]wander onto your premise, are they
[00:23:34.656]directed? Let's say someone gets stopped
[00:23:37.446]on the road and runs out of gas, and
[00:23:39.566]they're looking for gas or a gas station.
[00:23:42.946]And they happen to wander into your
[00:23:45.226]poultry house while you're servicing the
[00:23:48.266]birds and say, "Where can I get some gas?"
[00:23:50.966]Obviously, they should never be there.
[00:23:53.616]They're not malicious in trying to get
[00:23:55.836]there, but perhaps they don't know.
[00:23:58.186]They're just looking for help. But, if there
[00:24:00.546]were good signage, if there were access
[00:24:03.036]systems in terms of log-in procedures,
[00:24:06.376]locks, etc., they would never get there
[00:24:08.583]in the first place.
[00:24:09.753]So, put yourselves in the place of someone
[00:24:12.183]that might wander into your facility.
[00:24:15.123]Are there restricted areas? Are there entry
[00:24:18.103]systems? Is there signage?
[00:24:21.313]Service personnel. Another quite common
[00:24:25.093]thing that's overlooked. If we have a broken
[00:24:28.513]pipe in our facility. Well, we need to get
[00:24:32.483]a plumber there. Well, the plumber
[00:24:34.833]represents a biosecurity threat, just
[00:24:37.011]like any other visitor or person. We must
[00:24:39.651]make sure that personnel such as security
[00:24:42.111]personnel or maintenance personnel,
[00:24:45.021]veterinarians, etc., take the proper
[00:24:47.721]precautions and abide by our
[00:24:49.511]biosecurity program.
[00:24:53.511]What about equipment and tools? Common
[00:24:56.031]equipment that is owned or shared by others
[00:24:59.221]are common transmitters of disease.
[00:25:02.951]So, examples. A storage area, a refrigerator,
[00:25:08.911]multi-users--people putting drugs into
[00:25:12.301]to make sure they are refrigerated.
[00:25:15.531]So, you need to make sure that you maintain
[00:25:18.851]documentation, who and how it's
[00:25:21.051]maintained, how it's decontaminated, what's
[00:25:24.531]in there, how it's cleaned, etc.
[00:25:26.911]Equipment that is leased or part of a
[00:25:29.611]service company that goes from business
[00:25:31.971]to business or farm to farm, you need to know
[00:25:35.091]what procedures are being performed
[00:25:38.031]to decontaminate, disinfect, etc., etc.
[00:25:42.171]Vehicles. The personal vehicles for farm
[00:25:45.291]or complex personnel. Are there parking
[00:25:47.991]areas? Are there procedures to
[00:25:50.051]decontaminate / wash these? What about your
[00:25:53.001]service vehicles such as feed trucks,
[00:25:55.091]veterinary trucks, etc.
[00:25:56.501]Again, are there parking areas, are there
[00:25:58.821]decontamination or washing procedures?
[00:26:02.961]What about animal risk factors other than
[00:26:05.381]humans? Rodent controls, birds and wild animals,
[00:26:09.031]insects, bugs, domestic animals, pets, food
[00:26:12.441]animals, etc. What about waste and
[00:26:14.761]mortality? How is cleaning and disinfection
[00:26:17.871]handled? What about your storage of feed,
[00:26:20.531]food, bedding, medication, vaccines, other
[00:26:23.261]things.
[00:26:26.721]And then auditing. Who does it? Is it within
[00:26:30.741]the company or operation? Is it a self-audit?
[00:26:34.021]Is it a third party? Are you participating in
[00:26:37.871]the N-P-I-P program in an official O-S-A?
[00:26:42.161]That's an official state agent or agency that
[00:26:45.041]does the auditing? Or perhaps there's some
[00:26:48.521]other entity that does the auditing.
[00:26:50.681]What type of audit? Is it a tabletop type
[00:26:54.067]of questionnaire audit versus an onsite
[00:26:56.607]visit and evaluation?
[00:26:58.877]When and how often are audits
[00:27:00.457]performed? An annual review of
[00:27:02.577]biosecurity officer and coordinator should
[00:27:05.297]take place. The N-P-I-P audit will be
[00:27:10.251]required every two years.
[00:27:13.899]These are the 14 N-P-I-P biosecurity
[00:27:16.599]principles. Many of the things that we
[00:27:19.239]mentioned in this module such as wild
[00:27:24.469]birds, rodents, insects, equipment,
[00:27:26.529]vehicles, mortality disposal, etc., etc. are
[00:27:29.629]part of these principles, and we will be
[00:27:31.879]reviewing them more in depth in
[00:27:34.069]subsequent modules.
[00:27:36.843]This is the end of module 2.

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MODULE 2: Developing and evaluating a biosecurity plan

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