MODULE 4: Biosecurity practices and principles

Dr. Don Reynolds Author

09/06/2018 Added

64 Plays

Description

Module 4 reviews NPIP Biosecurity Principles 6 through 8 and provides examples of management practices and strategies to comply with these principles. Included: Wild birds, rodents and insects, equipment and vehicles, and mortality disposal. (24 min.)

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[00:00:03.791]Hello, I'm Dr. Don Reynolds,
[00:00:05.791]professor and poultry veterinarian
[00:00:07.851]at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
[00:00:10.451]Welcome to the Big Red Biosecurity
[00:00:12.574]program for poultry.
[00:00:14.364]This is Biosecurity Training Module 4:
[00:00:17.954]The biosecurity principles and practices.
[00:00:21.654]In Biosecurity Module 4, we will review the
[00:00:25.489]N-P-I-P biosecurity principles 6 through 8
[00:00:29.199]and provide examples of management practices
[00:00:31.919]and strategies to comply with these principles.
[00:00:34.819]We have identified a resource at
[00:00:37.049]www.PoultryImprovement.org that also
[00:00:40.199]goes over these.
[00:00:41.409]We recommend if you have any
[00:00:44.179]questions, you can refer to this.
[00:00:46.279]This link is also present on our website.
[00:00:50.725]Biosecurity Principle 6: Wild Birds, Rodents
[00:00:54.075]and Insects.
[00:00:54.925]Poultry operations should have control
[00:00:57.203]measures to prevent contact with and protect
[00:00:59.813]poultry from wild birds, their feces and
[00:01:02.073]their feathers as appropriate
[00:01:03.793]to the production system.
[00:01:05.353]These procedures should be
[00:01:07.083]reviewed further during periods of
[00:01:09.113]heightened risk of disease transmission.
[00:01:11.423]Control programs for rodents, insects,
[00:01:13.623]and other animals should be
[00:01:15.343]in place and documented.
[00:01:16.963]Audit guidelines.
[00:01:18.273]Are there control measures in the biosecurity
[00:01:20.883]program and or site-specific biosecurity plan
[00:01:24.193]to prevent contact with and protect poultry
[00:01:26.846]from wild birds, their feces and
[00:01:28.696]their feathers as appropriate
[00:01:30.466]to the production system?
[00:01:32.046]Does the biosecurity program and or
[00:01:34.186]site-specific biosecurity plan contain
[00:01:36.296]control programs for rodents,
[00:01:38.066]insects and other animals?
[00:01:39.706]Are these programs documented?
[00:01:41.696]Provide description of control programs
[00:01:43.986]and examples of the documentation.
[00:01:46.126]Examples: log sheets, rodent control
[00:01:48.256]company contracts, Best Management
[00:01:50.506]Practices, audits,
[00:01:52.066]maintenance records, etc.
[00:01:55.216]Biosecurity principle: Wild Birds, Rodents
[00:01:57.596]and Insects.
[00:01:58.476]Poultry operations should have control
[00:02:00.726]measures to prevent contact with
[00:02:02.726]and protect poultry from wild birds,
[00:02:04.816]their feces and feathers
[00:02:06.266]as appropriate to the production system.
[00:02:08.656]These procedures should be reviewed further
[00:02:11.256]during periods of heightened risk
[00:02:13.216]of disease transmission.
[00:02:14.716]Control programs for rodents, insects
[00:02:16.886]and other animals
[00:02:18.066]should be in place and documented.
[00:02:20.186]Rodent control.
[00:02:21.226]Provide description of control programs
[00:02:23.526]and examples of the documentation--
[00:02:25.676]log sheets, etc.,
[00:02:27.406]Best Management Practices
[00:02:29.076]control company contracts, maintenance
[00:02:31.426]records, etc.
[00:02:33.766]The approach for the control of rodents.
[00:02:36.361]Determine the management control
[00:02:38.631]strategy or plan that best fits your operation.
[00:02:41.801]We suggest an integrated pest management.
[00:02:45.021]Integrated pest management looks at three
[00:02:48.091]various aspects.
[00:02:49.621]The culture, the control method and
[00:02:51.751]the effective monitoring.
[00:02:53.331]The culture is basically the environment
[00:02:55.651]in which the rodents live.
[00:02:58.371]Is there sanitation, cleanliness, orderliness
[00:03:01.141]in the area? Can you do things such as
[00:03:03.551]clean up feed spills, get rid of junk, have
[00:03:07.561]better feed storage, litter storage, etc.?
[00:03:11.531]Can you rodent proof by plugging holes,
[00:03:14.101]patching areas where rodents may be
[00:03:17.751]entering the facility, etc.?
[00:03:19.791]There are control methods. Physical traps and
[00:03:22.751]chemical baits.
[00:03:24.581]And the effective monitoring methods.
[00:03:26.991]Rodents learn and adapt.
[00:03:28.931]New methods and strategies should be
[00:03:31.241]evaluated and implemented.
[00:03:34.131]Look for visual signs. Various rodent
[00:03:36.891]indexing, trapping over time.
[00:03:42.918]Also in terms of the approach, you need
[00:03:45.228]to determine associated problems.
[00:03:47.748]What about environmental problems?
[00:03:50.028]Can fixing, or cleaning up, the
[00:03:51.828]environment solve the problem?
[00:03:53.768]You need to consider what ultimately
[00:03:55.918]happens to a carcass if you're using
[00:03:58.298]some sort of a bait or poison
[00:04:00.208]for rodent control.
[00:04:01.478]What happens to the baits, etc.
[00:04:03.678]Certainly, you don't want poisoned carcasses
[00:04:06.728]falling in feed bins.
[00:04:08.698]Health risk. Health risk to the people
[00:04:10.948]and the workers at the complex.
[00:04:13.838]Consumers of the product. You have to
[00:04:16.088]consider accidental contamination and
[00:04:18.338]poisoning. Again, you don't want baits
[00:04:21.568]or rodents or carcasses falling into
[00:04:23.608]feed bins, water supplies, etc.
[00:04:26.218]What about animals and other animals.
[00:04:28.498]Your production animals at the site.
[00:04:30.588]Obviously, the poultry. The birds.
[00:04:32.538]What about companion animals or
[00:04:34.568]wildlife, especially if you set these
[00:04:36.548]outside of the facility?
[00:04:38.518]What about public perceptions. You don't
[00:04:41.598]want the public to have a perception that
[00:04:45.751]this is a rodent-ridden, dirty operation.
[00:04:49.331]There may be legal matters to consider.
[00:04:51.631]Maybe other considerations.
[00:04:53.896]Depending on the magnitude of the problem,
[00:04:56.516]you should always consider professional help
[00:04:59.116]or professional companies for these types
[00:05:01.546]of pest control.
[00:05:04.056]Here are some examples of physical
[00:05:06.806]traps used for pest controls.
[00:05:08.886]Obviously, I think everyone has seen or
[00:05:11.176]is familiar with the mousetrap.
[00:05:14.380]These are live traps. Again, some of these
[00:05:17.410]are areas where they enter and trap
[00:05:20.810]the rodents, and then you empty them
[00:05:23.720]and dispose of the traps.
[00:05:27.692]Rodent baits.
[00:05:29.072]Rodent baits are classified in various ways.
[00:05:31.732]One is by their physical form. They can be
[00:05:34.742]blocks, they can be grain formulations,
[00:05:37.492]they can be pellets typically in pellet packets.
[00:05:40.876]Dust, liquid, soft baits, etc.
[00:05:43.266]The can also be classified by the
[00:05:45.176]mechanism of action, most of which
[00:05:48.306]are anticoagulants, or warfarin.
[00:05:51.406]However, there are some non-anticoagulants
[00:05:54.316]that are more toxic and considered
[00:05:58.096]toxins or poisons. Nerve toxins,
[00:06:00.198]metabolic uncouplers and
[00:06:02.688]inorganic compounds.
[00:06:04.238]They can also be classified by the dose.
[00:06:06.938]A single dose or one feeding versus
[00:06:09.798]a multiple dose.
[00:06:11.808]Here's an illustration of various
[00:06:15.228]types of baits. Again, you can see blocks,
[00:06:18.928]you can see pellets, you can see
[00:06:20.798]these pellet packets.
[00:06:24.969]Considerations when choosing a rodent bait.
[00:06:28.289]Is the bait approved for use in my situation?
[00:06:31.819]Certainly, you want to consult the label,
[00:06:34.259]and it should specify.
[00:06:35.989]You want to determine are the rodents
[00:06:38.249]consuming the bait? Are they in the
[00:06:40.309]right location? Are rodents dying after
[00:06:42.989]they consume the bait?
[00:06:44.899]Does the active ingredient fit into your
[00:06:48.349]integrated pest management rotation?
[00:06:51.439]Does the bait fit your integrated pest
[00:06:54.029]management plan or need?
[00:06:56.559]Is it a long-term baiting type of situation
[00:06:58.899]or is it a short-term, knockdown, fast control
[00:07:02.029]type of situation?
[00:07:04.709]Here's a diagram of a poultry house,
[00:07:07.459]and you can see here are
[00:07:09.649]rodent bait stations in gray.
[00:07:12.169]Here are rodent traps in red.
[00:07:14.649]Different strategies can be used
[00:07:16.559]in different situations.
[00:07:19.791]Here's an example of how a rodent index
[00:07:23.531]is calculated.
[00:07:25.381]So basically the total number of
[00:07:27.321]mice caught in an area, or rats, number of
[00:07:29.741]functioning traps divided by the number
[00:07:32.081]of trapping days times this formula.
[00:07:35.201]Here you can see zero to 10 would be low
[00:07:38.901]on a rodent index, 11 to 25, moderate,
[00:07:42.641]more than 26, high.
[00:07:44.431]And here's a way in which you can
[00:07:46.431]keep track of that over time to see
[00:07:48.441]if you are making progress.
[00:07:50.921]Remember there are more than just
[00:07:53.271]rodents. There are other animals.
[00:07:55.241]Here's a kind of collage of different
[00:07:57.281]animals to be considered.
[00:07:58.861]Obviously we have wild animals.
[00:08:01.461]We have wild birds, various places.
[00:08:03.961]You have to determine the problem.
[00:08:06.181]Is it a minor nuisance or is it
[00:08:07.881]a major threat?
[00:08:09.731]Determine the threat to the biosecurity
[00:08:12.031]or the risk to biosecurity.
[00:08:14.261]Determine the management and control
[00:08:16.591]strategy and plan.
[00:08:17.871]And again, these associated problems:
[00:08:20.131]What happens with the environment?
[00:08:22.301]What are the health risks concern?
[00:08:25.131]For instance, skunks are known to be
[00:08:27.911]carriers of rabies. You want to make sure
[00:08:31.251]that you dispose of them properly and
[00:08:33.941]have the right control measures.
[00:08:35.931]There might be public perceptions involved,
[00:08:38.451]legal matters, etc.
[00:08:41.778]Where can you go for information about
[00:08:44.098]pest control and animal control,
[00:08:45.978]especially wild animal?
[00:08:47.578]There are obviously local animal control
[00:08:50.978]companies and officers.
[00:08:52.978]Your state Department of Natural Resources,
[00:08:56.318]D-N-R, typically have people in wildlife
[00:08:58.478]management.
[00:08:59.548]There are commercial pest
[00:09:01.168]control services.
[00:09:02.328]And there are commercially licensed
[00:09:04.488]hunters or trappers. Talk a little bit about bugs.
[00:09:10.128]Again, the approach. Determine the bug
[00:09:12.868]or the problem.
[00:09:14.868]Are they flies, beetles, roaches
[00:09:16.738]mosquitoes, ants, other things?
[00:09:18.598]Determine the magnitude. Again, are they just
[00:09:21.208]a minor nuisance or are they a major threat?
[00:09:24.278]Determine the biosecurity risk to your operation.
[00:09:27.638]Determine the management control
[00:09:29.778]strategy, plan.
[00:09:30.998]And determine the associated problems like
[00:09:33.613]we said before--environment, health risks
[00:09:36.013]to people and other animals, public
[00:09:38.073]perception, legal, other.
[00:09:40.896]Here's a collage of different types of
[00:09:43.146]flies, beetles, mosquitoes, ants, spiders, etc.
[00:09:45.917]There are a lot of things out there.
[00:09:48.757]Remember, it's just not one stage.
[00:09:52.557]Here we have the adult fly which
[00:09:54.527]goes and lays eggs, develops into a
[00:09:57.627]larvae--a maggot--develops into a
[00:09:59.597]pupae, and again it hatches.
[00:10:01.307]This takes two or three.
[00:10:02.767]Concentrating only on one may not solve
[00:10:05.687]the problem.
[00:10:08.350]So, your approach.
[00:10:10.790]Minor versus major. Determine your
[00:10:13.560]biosecurity risk. Determine the disease
[00:10:16.370]transmission potential of these bugs.
[00:10:19.350]Is there a zoonotic potential?
[00:10:21.540]Obviously Zika virus is one that has
[00:10:23.840]been in the news of late.
[00:10:25.660]That's a public health zoonotic concern.
[00:10:28.800]West Nile, etc.
[00:10:30.440]Food contamination, food safety, public health.
[00:10:34.440]Flies in particular can spread Salmonella, as
[00:10:36.910]a good example.
[00:10:38.650]Determine management control strategies and plans.
[00:10:42.311]Simple things, minor problems, probably
[00:10:45.121]anyone can manage. But complex, major problems--
[00:10:48.471]again, you may want to seek professional help.
[00:10:51.291]Determine your associated problems, health risk
[00:10:54.581]and environment, damage to facilities,
[00:10:56.901]public perception, legal, others.
[00:10:59.041]Here we have a collage from the very
[00:11:01.191]simplest--anyone can use a fly swatter--
[00:11:03.931]on to more complex to major problems here.
[00:11:10.495]Chemical methods.
[00:11:12.145]Various chemical methods are used.
[00:11:14.996]Spray application. These are sometimes in the
[00:11:19.266]form of gels and foams.
[00:11:21.605]Typically not used on poultry.
[00:11:23.395]Oftentimes used on other animals such as
[00:11:26.624]horses, dogs, etc.
[00:11:27.814]However, we do use chemical spray in
[00:11:30.034]terms of facilities, bedding, perhaps manure.
[00:11:34.664]Mists, foggers, dust--some of these are
[00:11:36.884]called knock-down for immediate results.
[00:11:39.824]Again, be cognizant of the health concerns
[00:11:42.315]of the people that are applying these,
[00:11:44.475]especially if you are doing it yourself.
[00:11:46.755]You may need special personal protective
[00:11:49.275]equipment--P-P-E.
[00:11:51.755]Pour-on, transdermal. Again, not used
[00:11:54.555]so much in poultry. We see this in other
[00:11:57.225]animal species such as cattle, even companion
[00:12:00.235]animals such as dogs to control fleas and ticks.
[00:12:03.605]There are granules and baits that can be used,
[00:12:06.225]especially for fly control. There are feed through
[00:12:09.675]larvacides that can be placed into the feed.
[00:12:13.675]There are physical types of things--electronic
[00:12:16.915]bug zappers and traps, introduction to sterile
[00:12:20.725]animals, for instance bugs into populations.
[00:12:23.635]Not something typically that we would do
[00:12:26.835]as managers or producers.
[00:12:28.505]And there may be other methods as well.
[00:12:31.805]Here are key points to remember about
[00:12:34.125]pest control for wild birds, rodents and insects.
[00:12:38.845]Describe and document. Describe the control
[00:12:41.994]programs and the procedures used.
[00:12:44.534]Who does what and how do they do it?
[00:12:47.634]Document the problems encountered and
[00:12:50.494]the control or corrective measures taken.
[00:12:52.914]If this is a commercial company, make sure
[00:12:55.554]you put their plan, their address, their
[00:12:58.358]contact information. Document all of that
[00:13:01.848]into your manual.
[00:13:03.283]Document the program. Document the procedures--
[00:13:06.477]log sheets of when whatever was done,
[00:13:09.928]who did it, when they did it, what they did.
[00:13:12.388]Document when the program is reviewed.
[00:13:14.808]If commercial company, copy of
[00:13:16.698]their procedure and plan.
[00:13:19.273]All of this should be documented, placed and
[00:13:21.823]written in the biosecurity manual.
[00:13:25.949]Biosecurity Principle 7: Equipment and Vehicles.
[00:13:29.331]The biosecurity plan should include provisions
[00:13:32.001]for procedures for cleaning, disinfection or
[00:13:34.431]restriction of sharing of equipment where applicable.
[00:13:37.391]Vehicle access and traffic patterns should be
[00:13:39.911]defined in the site-specific biosecurity plan.
[00:13:43.911]Audit guidelines:
[00:13:45.651]Does the biosecurity program and or site-specific
[00:13:48.431]biosecurity plan include provisions for
[00:13:50.701]procedures for cleaning, disinfection or
[00:13:53.271]restriction of sharing of equipment where applicable?
[00:13:56.321]Supporting documentation: written instructions,
[00:13:59.041]signage, training videos, etc.
[00:14:00.771]should be provided.
[00:14:02.491]Are vehicle access and traffic patterns defined?
[00:14:05.791]Provide a description of vehicle entry
[00:14:08.021]access and traffic patterns.
[00:14:11.171]Sanitation and disinfection.
[00:14:13.491]Cleaning is always first step. Remove debris,
[00:14:16.471]dirt, etc. Organic materials interfere
[00:14:19.121]with disinfection.
[00:14:20.941]Disinfectant--chemicals used to inhibit
[00:14:23.211]or prevent growth of microbes on inanimate
[00:14:26.021]objects.
[00:14:27.391]Sanitize or sanitation reduces the number
[00:14:30.139]of harmful microbes to a safe level.
[00:14:34.139]Here is a very useful, straightforward, simple
[00:14:38.139]cleaning and disinfection protocol.
[00:14:41.039]This is taken from the Center for Food Security
[00:14:43.739]and Public Health. Here is the website.
[00:14:46.059]We also have this link on our Big Red
[00:14:48.269]Biosecurity website.
[00:14:50.309]So just very briefly. Cleaning and disinfection
[00:14:53.319]protocol.
[00:14:54.589]Remove all grossly visible debris.
[00:14:56.739]Wash the area or item with water
[00:14:59.799]and detergent.
[00:15:00.809]Thoroughly rinse the cleaned area to
[00:15:02.969]remove any detergent residue.
[00:15:04.909]Allow the area to dry completely.
[00:15:07.359]Select and apply an appropriate
[00:15:09.249]effective disinfectant.
[00:15:10.849]Allow a proper contact time.
[00:15:13.289]Thoroughly rinse away any residual
[00:15:15.469]disinfectant and allow the area
[00:15:17.829]or item to dry.
[00:15:21.261]This is a collage of pictures showing various
[00:15:25.261]methods of cleaning and disinfection
[00:15:28.331]through truck washes, tractor washes,
[00:15:31.291]different types of sprayers. Here we have
[00:15:33.681]pressure sprayers being used in different
[00:15:36.871]ways. And going down to--we must choose
[00:15:41.461]the most effective cleaning methods and
[00:15:45.259]materials and tools, and again it may be
[00:15:48.309]just as simple as some good towels, gloves
[00:15:51.759]and good disinfectants.
[00:15:56.979]Characteristics of selected disinfectants.
[00:15:59.952]This is an excellent, excellent chart, again from the
[00:16:02.052]Center for Food Security and Public Health
[00:16:05.842]website. This shows you the different
[00:16:08.662]types of disinfectants here, and it gives you
[00:16:13.392]advantages and disadvantages and what their
[00:16:16.322]effective against. Very helpful.
[00:16:19.562]Key points to remember about equipment
[00:16:22.092]and vehicle sanitation.
[00:16:24.402]Describe and document.
[00:16:26.522]Describe the procedures used for cleaning
[00:16:28.942]and sanitation. Who does what and how
[00:16:31.272]do they do it? Where are the cleaning and
[00:16:33.662]disinfection procedures done?
[00:16:36.002]For vehicles, show on a diagram or map
[00:16:38.952]the entries, exits and traffic patterns.
[00:16:41.652]Signage may be very helpful.
[00:16:43.832]Document the program. Document the procedures.
[00:16:46.722]Use log sheets of when the procedure
[00:16:48.922]was done. Document when program is reviewed.
[00:16:51.682]If commercial company, provide a copy of
[00:16:54.412]their procedure and plan.
[00:16:56.422]All this needs to be in the biosecurity manual.
[00:17:02.749]Biosecurity Principle 8: Morality Disposal.
[00:17:06.749]Mortalities should be collected daily,
[00:17:08.879]stored and disposed of in a manner
[00:17:10.979]that does not attract wild birds, rodents,
[00:17:13.309]insects and other animals, and minimizes
[00:17:15.689]the potential for cross-contamination
[00:17:17.879]from other facilities or between premises.
[00:17:20.299]It is recommended that dead bird disposal
[00:17:22.749]be onsite, if possible.
[00:17:24.159]Mortality disposal should be described in
[00:17:26.529]the site-specific biosecurity plan.
[00:17:29.529]Audit guidelines. Is there a mortality
[00:17:32.068]disposal plan?
[00:17:33.178]Does the morality disposal plan reference
[00:17:35.588]the frequency of removal, storage of
[00:17:37.728]mortality, and pest control around
[00:17:39.798]mortality storage and disposal areas?
[00:17:42.008]Provide a description of the mortality
[00:17:44.168]disposal plan and examples of documentation.
[00:17:46.898]Examples are morality sheets, company
[00:17:49.178]contracts, Best Management Practice audits,
[00:17:52.238]disposal records, etc.
[00:17:53.648]Does the mortality disposal plan address
[00:17:56.038]procedures for handling mortality disposal
[00:17:58.498]in a way that minimizes the potential for
[00:18:00.898]cross-contamination from other facilities
[00:18:03.278]or between premises?
[00:18:05.158]Supporting documentation should be provided--
[00:18:08.118]Example: written instructions, videos, etc.--
[00:18:10.588]for proper handling of mortality to minimize
[00:18:13.498]the potential of cross-contamination.
[00:18:17.468]Unacceptable plans.
[00:18:19.508]Quote, "Our contractors are responsible
[00:18:21.818]for that--it's in our contracts" unquote.
[00:18:25.130]Take a look at that portion of the contract.
[00:18:27.910]It should then address frequency of removal,
[00:18:30.480]storage and pest control.
[00:18:32.410]Stating that contractors must comply with
[00:18:34.870]applicable regulations will usually not be
[00:18:37.220]satisfactory. Most regulations target water
[00:18:39.640]quality and public health, not biosecurity.
[00:18:42.620]Has cross-contamination between facilities
[00:18:45.060]been considered? Any provision for
[00:18:47.140]traffic routing or sanitation of equipment?
[00:18:53.129]Disposals of routine mortalities.
[00:18:55.339]Animal tissue, mortalities.
[00:18:57.739]Composting. Remember, composting may
[00:19:00.609]require a permit. You must have ample
[00:19:03.249]carbon source available. You must have
[00:19:05.839]available labor, equipment for turning and
[00:19:08.289]spreading compost. You must have an available
[00:19:10.979]location. Location to minimize cross-contamination
[00:19:13.839]from other production facilities.
[00:19:15.999]Must be a location that does not pose a risk
[00:19:19.169]to surface water.
[00:19:21.119]Land available for spreading the finished
[00:19:23.619]product must be considered.
[00:19:25.839]Now, we're not only talking about animal
[00:19:28.229]mortalities. Sometimes we're talking about
[00:19:31.079]the composting of litter.
[00:19:33.849][cough] Excuse me.
[00:19:35.099]Management key for biosecurity.
[00:19:37.669]Animals, insects, rodents must be considered
[00:19:40.249]and minimized as disease vectors.
[00:19:43.749]Weather conditions may contribute to
[00:19:45.939]challenges. Examples: snow, heavy rains,
[00:19:48.289]cold weather, especially when you're
[00:19:50.419]composting in an outside facility that's
[00:19:53.469]not confined or enclosed.
[00:19:56.349]Incineration may require a permit.
[00:19:59.539]Smoke and odors should not be a nuisance
[00:20:02.259]or health risk to neighbors and workers.
[00:20:04.569]Frequency of operation and storage of
[00:20:06.829]mortalities prior to operation must be
[00:20:09.719]considered.
[00:20:13.039]Burial or landfill may require a permit.
[00:20:16.149]Available labor and equipment. Available
[00:20:18.849]location. Location to minimize cross-
[00:20:20.969]contamination with other production facilities.
[00:20:24.379]Must be deep. Fine-textured soil works
[00:20:26.659]most optimally.
[00:20:29.019]No risk to any groundwater.
[00:20:31.499]Rendering. Is service available and
[00:20:34.439]can they operate biosecurely?
[00:20:36.539]Carcass removal from facility in
[00:20:38.439]a biosecure way.
[00:20:40.449]Carcass storage located away from the
[00:20:42.689]production faciltity.
[00:20:43.969]Can this be accessed and achieved without
[00:20:46.419]entering the perimeter buffer area?
[00:20:48.739]Carcass storage is biosecure and
[00:20:51.469]screened from public view.
[00:20:56.460]Here are some examples of common ways
[00:21:00.060]to dispose of carcasses.
[00:21:01.540]Here is a, you can see the chicken carcasses
[00:21:04.460]here, and this is a composting operation,
[00:21:06.810]a three-sided bin. Looks like it does have
[00:21:09.150]some sort of a partial enclosure or
[00:21:11.770]covering here.
[00:21:14.030]Again, another three-sided bin
[00:21:16.130]arrangement for composting.
[00:21:18.410]Here are some options. You can see burial,
[00:21:20.890]landfill, incineration, rendering, composting.
[00:21:24.070]Rendering. Heat conversion of animal
[00:21:26.360]carcasses into usable product.
[00:21:29.560]There are 200 rendering plants around
[00:21:31.790]the U.S. and Canada.
[00:21:33.831]Burial. Not many people use burial anymore
[00:21:37.411]for, I think for obvious reasons. There are...typically
[00:21:45.191]permits are required. There are groundwater
[00:21:47.801]considerations.
[00:21:50.441]So mostly it's composting, incineration.
[00:21:53.791]Here's an incinerator here. Kind of a
[00:21:56.051]diagram that shows how this works.
[00:21:58.381]Here's a commercial incinerator.
[00:22:00.381]This I suspect is a tumbler composter.
[00:22:06.011]Key points to remember about
[00:22:07.851]mortality disposal.
[00:22:09.761]Again, describe and document.
[00:22:12.581]Describe the procedures used for
[00:22:14.581]disposing of mortalities. How often are
[00:22:16.831]mortalities collected from the barns or pens?
[00:22:19.921]Are there mortality charts and records?
[00:22:22.321]Keep these in a log book.
[00:22:24.431]How often are mortalities disposed of?
[00:22:27.321]Incineration, rendering pickup, composting
[00:22:29.801]turning and dispersion.
[00:22:32.511]Where and how are mortalities handled?
[00:22:35.291]A diagram or a map indicating the disposal or
[00:22:37.891]storage site is often not only handy but
[00:22:41.891]often required and very helpful.
[00:22:44.181]Signage may be helpful.
[00:22:46.131]Consideration for animals, rodents, insects, etc.
[00:22:49.791]When I say animals, I mean primarily wild
[00:22:53.181]animals or even domestic animals--dogs, etc.--
[00:22:56.181]that may be caught raiding the compost
[00:22:59.441]or mortalities.
[00:23:01.971]Document the program. Document the procedure.
[00:23:04.891]Log sheets of when procedure was done
[00:23:07.271]and document when program is reviewed.
[00:23:09.691]If a commercial company, rendering, for instance,
[00:23:13.691]have a copy of their procedure in plan.
[00:23:16.661]All of this should be written in your
[00:23:19.081]biosecurity manual.
[00:23:22.557]This is the end of Module 4. Thank you very much.

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MODULE 4: Biosecurity practices and principles

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