Lagoon and Earthen Manure Storage Basin Closure - Part 2

Leslie Johnson, Amy Schmidt, Charles Shapiro Author

05/18/2018 Added

82 Plays

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Applying Nutrients to Cropland and Decommissioning the Structure

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[00:00:00.471](upbeat music)
[00:00:03.130]This video's the second in a two-part series
[00:00:05.350]designed to illustrate the steps in planning
[00:00:07.790]and conducting a successful closure of a lagoon
[00:00:10.540]or earthen manure storage basin.
[00:00:12.710]After watching this video,
[00:00:14.450]viewer should understand recommended practices
[00:00:17.530]for land applying liquid and sludge to cropland.
[00:00:20.720]Methods for removing,
[00:00:21.840]hauling, and applying sludge to cropland.
[00:00:24.570]Steps to calibrate a manure spreader.
[00:00:27.250]How to decommission conveyance pipes
[00:00:29.080]and other components of the system.
[00:00:31.640]And recommended land grading and ground cover establishment.
[00:00:35.980]The goals during closure of a lagoon
[00:00:37.710]or earthen manure storage should be to,
[00:00:40.390]one, utilize stored nutrients such
[00:00:42.680]that their agronomic value
[00:00:43.970]is maximized while ensuring minimal risk to the environment.
[00:00:48.370]And two, permanently eliminate the storage structure
[00:00:51.240]or convert it to a pond.
[00:00:53.530]There are two more common options for sludge
[00:00:55.910]and effluent removal from a lagoon.
[00:00:58.400]The first option is to dewater the lagoon
[00:01:00.540]as much as possible through an irrigation
[00:01:02.460]or a drag hose system, leaving all
[00:01:04.270]of the settled sludge in the bottom of the storage.
[00:01:07.420]This option requires access to irrigation
[00:01:09.720]or a drag hose system,
[00:01:10.990]and then handling of larger volumes of sludge.
[00:01:14.090]The other way is to agitate the storage with the intention
[00:01:16.700]of getting as much sludge into suspension as possible.
[00:01:20.020]The agitated mixture of effluent
[00:01:21.780]and sludge can then be pumped
[00:01:23.160]and applied to cropland through a drag hose system
[00:01:25.490]or tank style spreader.
[00:01:27.480]Inevitably, there will still be sludge in the storage
[00:01:30.130]once the mixture has been removed.
[00:01:32.040]But the volume will be much less than dewatering
[00:01:34.300]and handling the sludge separately.
[00:01:36.780]Sludge removal for either option will require an excavator
[00:01:39.850]or a large loader and a manure spreader
[00:01:42.180]that can handle liquid or slurry manure.
[00:01:44.790]Side slinger style spreaders are
[00:01:46.430]likely to handle manure of this consistency the best.
[00:01:50.900]Regardless of the method chosen for land application
[00:01:53.410]of manure, make sure to apply it in an agronomic manner.
[00:01:57.100]Calibration of any manure spreader,
[00:01:59.030]whether they're an irrigation,
[00:02:00.490]drag hose, tanker, or solid spreader,
[00:02:03.290]is the only way to do this.
[00:02:05.590]Knowing your application rate is critical,
[00:02:08.310]so that overapplication of nutrients does not occur.
[00:02:12.210]When applying liquid through an irrigation system,
[00:02:14.870]the simplest method to verify application rate
[00:02:17.310]is to place four to six rain gauges across the field
[00:02:20.100]and measure how much effluent is being applied.
[00:02:23.350]When using a drag hose system,
[00:02:25.140]application rate can be determined using the flow rate,
[00:02:27.930]speed of the tractor, and width of the toolbar.
[00:02:31.140]If a tank style spreader is used,
[00:02:33.220]calculate application rate by taking the volume of manure
[00:02:36.460]and dividing it by the application area.
[00:02:40.140]When hauling sludge, there are a few ways
[00:02:42.210]to calibrate your spreader,
[00:02:43.890]but one of the simplest ways
[00:02:45.280]is to spread out several 22 square foot plastic
[00:02:48.100]sheets across the area you plan to apply using rocks
[00:02:51.700]or flags to hold the sheet in place.
[00:02:54.140]Spread as usual, and collect each sheet individually.
[00:02:57.880]Weigh in each sheet individually in the bucket,
[00:03:00.400]subtract the weight of the bucket containing a clean plastic
[00:03:03.100]sheet from the weight of the bucket with the manured sheet.
[00:03:06.410]Because the sheet is 22 square feet,
[00:03:08.940]the application rate in tons per acre is equal to the weight
[00:03:12.210]of manure on the sheet.
[00:03:14.460]For all types of manures and spreaders,
[00:03:16.590]adjust your application rate based
[00:03:18.380]on the manure analysis and the nutrients you want to apply.
[00:03:23.280]In order to prevent manure additions to the storage,
[00:03:26.110]conveyance pipes or other conduits
[00:03:27.910]to the storage must be removed
[00:03:30.180]or otherwise prevented from allowing manure
[00:03:32.400]to flow to that storage.
[00:03:34.680]If complete removal is chosen,
[00:03:36.780]trenches where the pipes were should be filled
[00:03:38.890]and packed with soil.
[00:03:40.510]If pipes are left in place,
[00:03:42.190]the inlet pipe can be broken off
[00:03:43.950]and all access points permanently plugged.
[00:03:46.950]To minimize cost at our lagoon,
[00:03:49.160]pipes at Haskell Ag Lab
[00:03:50.570]were left in place with the inlet
[00:03:52.260]broken off about five feet back
[00:03:54.040]from the original berm.
[00:03:55.890]Access points in each building were plugged with concrete.
[00:03:59.490]To minimize waste, mix cement thick enough
[00:04:02.330]that it stays near the access point.
[00:04:05.090]Due to the size and slope of some pipes,
[00:04:07.360]using wadded paper or some other material
[00:04:09.560]to prevent movement of
[00:04:10.510]the concrete before curing may be necessary.
[00:04:14.750]Once the storage has been emptied,
[00:04:16.330]it's a good idea to contact your state regulatory agency
[00:04:19.390]to determine if land grading
[00:04:20.980]and deconstruction of the berm can progress.
[00:04:23.890]Some states may require
[00:04:25.170]that the regulatory agency be given an opportunity
[00:04:27.950]to inspect the structure once it is emptied.
[00:04:31.140]For structures that were built with a compacted clay liner,
[00:04:34.070]two options exist for managing the liner material.
[00:04:37.210]It can be excavated and tilled in with the surrounding soil
[00:04:40.550]or left intact and covered with soil.
[00:04:43.200]If left largely intact,
[00:04:44.800]holes or trenches should be created through the liner
[00:04:47.340]to allow stormwater to drain from the area effectively.
[00:04:50.940]A liner left intact below the soil surface may lead
[00:04:53.930]to frequent ponding or permanently wet
[00:04:55.930]soil at the location.
[00:04:58.070]The berms of the structure can now be deconstructed
[00:05:00.750]and clay liner material within the lower section
[00:05:03.100]of the berms may be incorporated into surrounding soil.
[00:05:06.890]During the final stages of the land grading process,
[00:05:10.020]ensure that the area is mounded slightly
[00:05:12.160]to facilitate drainage
[00:05:13.600]and accommodate settling of the soil over time.
[00:05:17.860]Establishing and maintaining permanent vegetation cover
[00:05:21.030]is an important final step in the closure process.
[00:05:24.030]As the bare soil in the area
[00:05:25.630]where the storage structure used
[00:05:27.240]to be is subject to erosion until
[00:05:29.530]the ground cover is established.
[00:05:31.700]A plan for establishing vegetation
[00:05:33.660]on site should be developed prior to completing the closure
[00:05:36.950]of the structure, to minimize the amount
[00:05:39.030]of time the disturbed soil is left bare.
[00:05:42.010]The NRCS offers a conservation practice
[00:05:44.610]standard code 327, describing criteria
[00:05:48.010]for establishing conservation cover depending
[00:05:50.690]on the intended use of the land area.
[00:05:53.440]At a minimum, it is important to select plant species
[00:05:56.590]that are best suited to the soil,
[00:05:58.800]climate, and site conditions,
[00:06:00.900]and to adequately prepare the site prior
[00:06:03.660]to seeding at a rate that will accomplish the desired cover.
[00:06:08.980]Conservation cover vegetation scenarios
[00:06:11.360]include introduced grass,
[00:06:14.210]native grass, pollinator species, and monarch species mixes.
[00:06:20.260]The pollinator and monarch species mix are a combination
[00:06:23.910]of native grasses, legumes, and forbs.
[00:06:27.950]All mixtures are used to reduce soil erosion,
[00:06:31.270]reduce soil quantity degradation,
[00:06:34.020]improve water quality,
[00:06:35.730]develop wildlife habitat, and improve air quality.
[00:06:39.390]Payment rates vary from 79
[00:06:41.740]to $129 per acre for the introduced and native grasses.
[00:06:46.340]Pollinator species and monarch species mix
[00:06:49.680]are higher payment rates, starting at $400 per acre.
[00:06:53.640]For current rates, contact your local NRCS office.
[00:06:58.224](upbeat music)
[00:07:00.480]As we've shown in this two-part video series,
[00:07:02.630]the process of planning
[00:07:03.990]and conducting a lagoon or earthen manure storage
[00:07:06.520]basin closure requires careful planning
[00:07:08.940]and management of the storage contents
[00:07:11.090]to ensure economic use of manure nutrients
[00:07:13.710]and mitigation of environmental risk during pumping
[00:07:16.340]and application activities.
[00:07:18.410]Aged lagoons and manure storage structures or any structures
[00:07:22.130]that are no longer being operated should be emptied
[00:07:24.610]and decommissioned if operators do not intend
[00:07:26.910]to continue managing the structure as a manure storage.
[00:07:30.900]State regulatory agencies,
[00:07:32.420]university extension,
[00:07:33.720]and the NRCS can all provide guidance during the process
[00:07:36.850]of planning and conducting a lagoon
[00:07:38.810]or manure storage structure closure.
[00:07:41.740]Manure storage owners are encouraged
[00:07:43.670]to contact their state NRCS office
[00:07:45.790]to inquire about cost share opportunities for closure
[00:07:48.730]of their manure storage.
[00:07:50.920](upbeat music)

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Lagoon and Earthen Manure Storage Basin Closure - Part 2

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