Lifestyle Gardening 503

Brad Mills Author

01/25/2018 Added

7 Plays

Description

Backyard Farmer Presents: Lifestyle Gardening 503

Searchable Transcript

Search:

[00:00:04.962](beep)
[00:00:06.863](beep)
[00:00:08.762](beep)
[00:00:10.671](beep)
[00:00:15.153](instrumental music)
[00:00:18.286](instrumental music)
[00:00:21.386](instrumental music)
[00:00:24.494](instrumental music)
[00:00:27.602](instrumental music)
[00:00:30.702](instrumental music)
[00:00:38.020]Hello and welcome to Lifestyle Gardening.
[00:00:40.340]I'm Kim Todd, and we've got another
[00:00:42.010]great show for you today.
[00:00:43.710]On today's program, we'll be talking about cole crops,
[00:00:46.380]unusual edibles, and we'll focus on fruit trees.
[00:00:49.700]Speaking of fruit, there is nothing like eating
[00:00:51.930]a peach, an apple, or cherries freshly picked
[00:00:54.640]from a tree you've got in your own backyard.
[00:00:57.230]Growing fruit trees can be very rewarding,
[00:00:59.400]but, they do take time and care to go from blossom
[00:01:02.040]to a pie filling, and believe it or not,
[00:01:04.470]there are some things you can be doing
[00:01:06.410]in the dead of winter to help your fruit trees.
[00:01:09.030]Here to tell us more, our Backyard Farmer panelists,
[00:01:11.480]Jim Kalisch and Kyle Broderick.
[00:01:13.490]They're talking about dormant season fruit tree care.
[00:01:17.737](instrumental music)
[00:01:22.140]We always talk all the time about
[00:01:23.810]all these different methods by controlling
[00:01:26.420]insects and diseases and it looks like we ought
[00:01:29.760]to take ownership of some of that for ourselves, right?
[00:01:32.180]Yeah, there probably are some things that can be
[00:01:34.140]done this time of year, aren't there?
[00:01:36.190]Yeah, I mean especially like when we're talking
[00:01:37.990]about apple trees and from the standpoint
[00:01:41.620]of right now, sanitation is really important.
[00:01:44.400]That can be done right now during the winter season.
[00:01:47.770]Raking up all the leaves.
[00:01:49.030]Because I know that there's a few insects that love
[00:01:51.680]to overwinter down in that leafyed litter and even in the
[00:01:56.080]soil just below the leaves, so, all that exposure
[00:01:58.640]to cold weather helps to kill them.
[00:02:00.480]Okay.
[00:02:02.085]Yeah, I know that raking leaves will really help
[00:02:04.730]control certain fungal diseases, as well.
[00:02:07.210]Some of those foliar fungal pathogens.
[00:02:09.480]Well, they will over winter on those leaves.
[00:02:12.180]So, I guess raking would be a good thing.
[00:02:14.940]What about pruning?
[00:02:16.070]I know we recommend pruning this time, well, kind of,
[00:02:20.270]in the winter once the trees are dormant.
[00:02:23.030]If there are any cankers or anything like that
[00:02:25.070]that are being seen and that can help
[00:02:27.200]decrease some disease problems next year too.
[00:02:29.509]That's right because I think somewhere about February
[00:02:32.730]to maybe early April or as late as early April
[00:02:36.510]you can prune, so.
[00:02:37.840]Yeah, yeah, I kind of think once the trees have gone
[00:02:41.870]dormant and then, if you know you're going to have a
[00:02:44.710]couple of days without much moisture,
[00:02:46.960]I think that's really a good time to prune.
[00:02:49.920]Although one thing, if we are talking about pruning and
[00:02:52.440]looking at cankers or just some dead tissue on the branch.
[00:02:58.000]That's ugly.
[00:02:58.833]It is ugly.
[00:02:59.690]Not very sightly, unfortunately, but, when you are
[00:03:02.270]pruning down, you want to make sure to prune far enough
[00:03:04.790]down that you'll remove a lot of the inocula
[00:03:07.310]that may be in that canker.
[00:03:09.390]So, you want to be sure to go at least
[00:03:11.070]eight to 12 inches down.
[00:03:12.630]Yeah, good.
[00:03:13.860]So, I guess sanitation, quite a bit could be done with
[00:03:17.020]sanitation right now.
[00:03:18.180]What about chemical treatments?
[00:03:20.520]Yeah, what'd you guys do in plant pathology?
[00:03:23.960]What's the usual procedure for
[00:03:25.730]before the buds break next spring?
[00:03:28.180]Yeah, you know, I guess one thing that, it really
[00:03:30.390]depends what diseases you're going to be trying to control,
[00:03:34.280]but, some dormant sprays can be fairly effective.
[00:03:37.500]One of the great things about these dormant season sprays
[00:03:40.460]is they can be selective and there's really not as many
[00:03:43.320]competing organisms out there
[00:03:45.590]to take up some of those chemistry's as well.
[00:03:48.140]Right, yeah, you know, in the entomological world,
[00:03:52.550]a lot of the insects can be hiding in the bark crevices
[00:03:57.810]or beneath bud scales and so, just about before bud break
[00:04:02.880]during the dormant season, it's really a good time to be
[00:04:06.120]applying a horticultural oil spray.
[00:04:10.130]A highly refined oil spray, which essentially smothers
[00:04:14.090]the early stages of something that's crawling around or
[00:04:17.970]eggs or that kind of thing and so, just thorough coverage
[00:04:21.770]with a dormant oil spray before bud break,
[00:04:25.300]maybe a week or so before bud break and just when
[00:04:27.710]some of these things are getting, these little critters are
[00:04:30.070]getting active on the trees and the branches.
[00:04:33.490]It's a good time to spray to kill a lot of those off and
[00:04:36.340]to save some problems that would develop later.
[00:04:39.530]It's important to apply a dormant oil spray
[00:04:42.520]while the temperatures are somewhat warm, but,
[00:04:45.330]not too warm and so, that time of year in February is fine.
[00:04:48.790]Okay, yeah and so, one thing that I remember reading about
[00:04:52.297]doing some garden season sprays is if you're going to be
[00:04:56.260]applying any copper based products to control diseases
[00:04:59.720]such as, fire blight or maybe some of those others,
[00:05:04.920]that you want to wait to apply that at least seven days
[00:05:08.330]after any one of your oil mixtures.
[00:05:10.770]Yeah, okay.
[00:05:12.336]So, really you want to just make sure to wait
[00:05:15.090]at least the week before applying those bordeaux mixture
[00:05:18.400]or another copper product if need be and then,
[00:05:22.940]the other thing is you also need to allow about two
[00:05:26.560]weeks between applications of copper products and then,
[00:05:31.100]if you're going to be applying some more fungicides,
[00:05:33.460]such as those containing sulfur or something like that.
[00:05:35.830]Or even an oil spray again.
[00:05:37.220]Or an oil spray, yep.
[00:05:38.210]You want to make sure that there's enough time between.
[00:05:39.980]Separated time wise, yeah.
[00:05:42.420]Then, there's so many products available, right?
[00:05:44.600]We even have, we have various dormant oil sprays and
[00:05:47.460]then, what about your fungicides?
[00:05:48.920]Yeah, there are fungicides that are developed to be
[00:05:52.400]sprayed really anytime of the year.
[00:05:54.420]One thing, if you are going to be applying any chemistry,
[00:05:57.002]you want to make sure to really follow the labels
[00:05:59.580]that are on there.
[00:06:02.504]The label is the law and so, what it says on there
[00:06:06.320]you need to go by.
[00:06:07.200]That's right, thorough coverage too.
[00:06:10.150]Thanks guys.
[00:06:11.060]We're gonna to be hearing more from Jim and Kyle
[00:06:12.750]later in the show when they discuss
[00:06:14.380]in season care for the apple trees.
[00:06:17.460]As you know, our Go Gardening features are for
[00:06:19.660]beginning gardeners and this week we are going to be
[00:06:22.230]focusing on cole crops.
[00:06:24.360]If you don't know what that is, think of all the green
[00:06:26.560]vegetables you probably hated as a kid,
[00:06:29.220]but, you can't get enough of now.
[00:06:30.860]Things like broccoli, kale and cabbage
[00:06:33.850]which are all part of the cole crop family.
[00:06:36.300]Right now we are going to tell you how you can grow these
[00:06:38.330]delicious and healthy vegetables.
[00:06:41.086](instrumental music)
[00:06:47.770]This week on Go Gardening we're going to be talking about
[00:06:50.140]growing cole crops or cold crops; broccoli, cabbage,
[00:06:54.480]brussel sprouts, cauliflower, kale, those kind of things.
[00:06:59.430]The interesting thing about them is they do like it cool.
[00:07:02.720]You can start a hand full of them in the garden directly,
[00:07:06.180]when the soil is warm enough, but, not too warm.
[00:07:08.640]Broccoli is one that you can do that with,
[00:07:10.370]with some success.
[00:07:12.130]For the most part, it's easier, especially for beginning
[00:07:15.280]gardeners, if you actually buy transplants.
[00:07:18.150]But, again, think in terms of these particular vegetables
[00:07:21.320]as being ones that do like the cooler season.
[00:07:24.370]So, you can plant them early in the spring and harvest.
[00:07:27.327]You can actually seed and start your own transplants
[00:07:30.930]depending on what your variety is and
[00:07:33.100]when you're looking for harvest.
[00:07:34.840]You can actually use these as a fall crop as well and
[00:07:38.410]some of them are very successful in the fall,
[00:07:40.870]particularly brussel sprouts.
[00:07:42.880]They actually improve in flavor if they get frosh on them.
[00:07:47.280]The interesting thing about brussel sprouts also is once
[00:07:51.210]those little sprouts start to develop all the way up the
[00:07:54.120]stem and once it gets cooler, if you pinch that growing
[00:07:59.350]point out at the top of the stem, what that'll actually do
[00:08:02.610]is allow those brussels to be a little bit more uniform
[00:08:05.240]in character.
[00:08:06.650]One of the hardest ones to grow for a home gardener
[00:08:09.020]is cauliflower.
[00:08:10.980]Cabbage, again, can be relatively easy.
[00:08:13.560]We have some great All-America Selections.
[00:08:16.040]You do have to watch with all of these great cole crops
[00:08:19.223]for such wonderful little beasties as the cabbage looper,
[00:08:23.090]the cabbage worm, the beautiful white and kind of,
[00:08:26.290]yellowish butterflies that are flying around.
[00:08:28.750]When you see those guys flying around, they are interested
[00:08:32.410]in laying their eggs and then,
[00:08:34.130]you've got those cabbage worms.
[00:08:35.500]So, one of the recommendations to keep them out is to
[00:08:38.550]actually use floating row cover.
[00:08:40.557]That will really help in that process, but, again,
[00:08:43.440]if you think in terms of cole crop meaning cold crop
[00:08:47.530]early season to not the heat of the summer or
[00:08:51.730]a little bit later in the summer into the fall,
[00:08:53.950]you're probably going to be successful.
[00:08:56.700]Those vegetables that your mother probably,
[00:08:58.940]couldn't get you to touch when you were a kid
[00:09:00.690]are really some of the healthiest ones you can eat.
[00:09:03.440]So, do make it a point to try some of the easier
[00:09:05.650]ones in your garden next season.
[00:09:08.130]Speaking of eating, for this weeks landscape lesson,
[00:09:10.660]we're going to show you some plants
[00:09:12.310]that you may not have considered edible.
[00:09:14.720]One of the newer trends in the
[00:09:15.900]horticultural world is an edible landscape.
[00:09:18.810]If you think about it, we grow vegetables.
[00:09:21.200]We don't think about eating flowers and we certainly
[00:09:23.750]don't think about vegetables where you can also eat the
[00:09:26.290]flowers or the stems.
[00:09:28.170]So, let's take a few minutes to talk about those
[00:09:30.305]unusual parts of plants that you can grow and
[00:09:33.700]then, eat around your own home.
[00:09:35.867](instrumental music)
[00:09:42.890]For this weeks landscape lesson, I want to focus a little
[00:09:45.500]bit on a few plants that actually have multi-purpose use.
[00:09:49.520]We all like to multi-task.
[00:09:50.931]These are actually things you can eat that allow you to eat
[00:09:54.470]more than one plant part.
[00:09:56.090]Let's start with hibiscus.
[00:09:57.870]Beautiful flowers that last one day.
[00:10:00.242]They actually taste like a very tangy,
[00:10:03.130]very interesting cranberry.
[00:10:05.490]So, you can eat the blossoms.
[00:10:07.470]Pull the stamens out.
[00:10:08.610]They are not great to eat.
[00:10:10.530]If you have ever had hibiscus tea,
[00:10:12.520]that is the taste that you get from the hibiscus.
[00:10:16.570]A second really interesting one to me is okra.
[00:10:20.470]If you're from the south, of course you eat okra.
[00:10:22.870]If you're from the north, you think of it
[00:10:24.440]as a slimy thing that's in soup.
[00:10:26.720]Not true.
[00:10:27.870]You can grill the pods.
[00:10:29.320]You can roast the pods.
[00:10:30.610]You can slice the pods.
[00:10:31.930]You can pickle the pods.
[00:10:33.148]Interestingly enough you can also eat the flowers
[00:10:37.240]which are very, very beautiful and
[00:10:39.840]this is related to hibiscus.
[00:10:41.370]So, maybe that makes some sense.
[00:10:43.730]A third one that most people are really familiar with
[00:10:46.440]is the sunflower.
[00:10:47.970]We think of eating sunflower for the seeds.
[00:10:50.540]You can't go to a baseball game without sunflower seeds,
[00:10:53.400]of course, or you feed the birds and
[00:10:55.800]they like sunflower or safflower.
[00:10:58.210]So, the seeds certainly are edible.
[00:11:00.430]So are the flower petals and the buds
[00:11:04.290]can actually be eaten like artichokes.
[00:11:07.140]So, you think about the form of that bud of a sunflower and
[00:11:11.040]they kind of look like a little bitty artichoke.
[00:11:13.540]So, another really interesting way to think about using
[00:11:17.600]a plant as an unusual edible in your garden.
[00:11:21.220]Of course, a lot of people like peas.
[00:11:23.540]Don't like to pod them necessarily but they like to eat
[00:11:26.070]the snap peas and eat the whole pod.
[00:11:28.700]You can eat the tendrils or the tender shoots
[00:11:32.770]of field peas and of regular edible peas.
[00:11:36.080]They're very tasty in salads.
[00:11:38.360]You can also eat the flowers of peas.
[00:11:40.873]You do want to be careful, however,
[00:11:42.740]because if they are not peas that are meant for consumption,
[00:11:46.700]if you eat, for example, the peas of sweet peas which are
[00:11:49.440]grown for the flowers, those are poisonous.
[00:11:52.145]You're gonna go belly up or at least
[00:11:54.220]your belly is not going to be happy with that.
[00:11:57.410]Eating those unusual plant parts might seem a little bit
[00:12:00.310]weird, but as the saying goes, do not knock it until you
[00:12:03.670]actually try it.
[00:12:05.490]Okay, let's get back to growing and eating plants that you
[00:12:08.250]know and really enjoy.
[00:12:10.070]Fruit trees can offer and array of benefits in your
[00:12:12.500]outdoor living space.
[00:12:13.800]Many of them have incredible color during the spring
[00:12:16.350]when they're flowering.
[00:12:17.590]Not to mention the sweet and juicy fruit they produce.
[00:12:20.407]Caring for those trees can be challenging.
[00:12:23.090]So, we thought we'd talk to a real expert.
[00:12:25.570]Here's Kimmel Orchard, Manager of Operations,
[00:12:27.980]Vaughn Hammond to talk about growing our fruit trees
[00:12:30.910]the right way.
[00:12:32.478](instrumental music)
[00:12:37.540]During the regular season of Backyard Farmer,
[00:12:39.370]we get a lot of questions about
[00:12:41.050]growing fruit trees in Nebraska.
[00:12:43.200]It's my pleasure today to be able to have
[00:12:45.270]Vaughn Hammond with us.
[00:12:46.410]Vaughn is a former Extension Educator with the
[00:12:49.140]University of Nebraska Extension, but, he now has a great
[00:12:52.460]new position and he is Orchard Operations and Education
[00:12:56.550]Team Leader for Kimmel Orchard and Vineyard
[00:12:59.560]down in Nebraska City.
[00:13:00.790]Vaughn, absolutely great to have you with us today.
[00:13:03.530]Thank you Kim
[00:13:04.363]I appreciate it.
[00:13:05.196]So, I'm gonna ask you a handful of questions here
[00:13:07.570]that I know our viewing audience is going to want to hear
[00:13:09.900]the answers to.
[00:13:11.010]People want to grow good fruit crops the following season.
[00:13:13.960]What do we have them do
[00:13:15.210]during the winter months in Nebraska?
[00:13:17.450]Well, first and foremost this time of year it's pruning.
[00:13:20.460]It's very important that you're pruning when the trees are
[00:13:23.080]completely dormant and so, when the trees are dormant
[00:13:27.210]that means all the carbohydrates and all the essence within
[00:13:30.730]the plant has transferred to where they need to over
[00:13:34.870]winter, like, to roots or to the buds or wherever it may be.
[00:13:38.500]So, when you're pruning when it's dormant, it allows the
[00:13:42.030]plant to take that pruning without damage and then,
[00:13:46.250]it concentrates those carbohydrates
[00:13:50.060]in the areas that are important.
[00:13:52.170]So, when you're pruning this time of year, I would say 95%
[00:13:57.820]of the folks out there pruning do not take enough wood.
[00:14:01.490]The old orchardist adage was if you could take a bushel
[00:14:05.570]basket and throw it at your apple tree and it landed on the
[00:14:09.580]other side of the apple tree without touching a branch,
[00:14:12.150]you'd pruned properly.
[00:14:13.930]That's changed a little bit.
[00:14:15.100]Now, they say throw your hat, but, it's still the same
[00:14:18.890]basic principle is you're removing
[00:14:22.640]the excess wood to create more fruiting wood.
[00:14:27.050]Alrighty, so, a lot of people like to grow apples
[00:14:29.910]which seems to be a fairly easy crop, but, tons and tons of
[00:14:34.690]questions about peaches and maybe even apricots last year.
[00:14:38.090]Are there specific things we want to talk about to make sure
[00:14:40.990]that those will produce fruit?
[00:14:43.250]You know peaches and apricots are very popular
[00:14:45.800]as far as the home gardener goes.
[00:14:49.390]Who doesn't love a delicious peach or apricot.
[00:14:53.430]The problem with peaches and apricots are they tend to be
[00:14:56.800]very early blooming which then, gives them the opportunity
[00:15:01.250]of having those late frosts situations
[00:15:05.700]where those flower buds are frozen off.
[00:15:10.770]Case and point, this year, we're probably gonna be in the
[00:15:14.240]50's in February.
[00:15:16.210]That's about the temperatures when the peach tree and
[00:15:18.790]an apricot tree are starting to wake up and those buds
[00:15:23.510]will start to swell and if we have any prolonged period of
[00:15:26.440]time in February and March of lower temperatures those
[00:15:29.720]trees are really gonna want to bloom
[00:15:31.940]way earlier than they should and
[00:15:34.280]so, this is the problem getting a nice crop off
[00:15:38.210]a peach or an apricot on a consistent basis.
[00:15:42.550]This year we've had some terribly, terribly cold weather.
[00:15:46.260]At one point in time, we were as cold in Nebraska as
[00:15:50.130]the Antarctic was.
[00:15:51.760]So, once you start to hit like, 10 degrees below zero,
[00:15:55.970]it really starts to affect the peach buds and the apricot
[00:15:59.130]flower buds, for that matter and so, as we crept down to
[00:16:02.792]19 degrees in parts of the state or even 20, 21, 22 degrees
[00:16:07.220]below zero, that's getting pretty cold.
[00:16:09.600]I'm not saying that we won't have a peach crop, but,
[00:16:13.340]terribly cold weather does have an affect on peach blossoms.
[00:16:17.810]In front of you, you have a rather odd looking device and
[00:16:22.930]what is this thing and what in the world does it have to do
[00:16:25.950]with doing anything for good fruit production?
[00:16:29.490]Well, actually this is a very important tool for
[00:16:32.130]us in the orchard.
[00:16:33.550]Believe it or not this little, it's a codling moth trap and
[00:16:38.404]this is a very interesting piece of or tool in the orchard
[00:16:43.650]in that, this helps us reduce pesticide use in the orchard.
[00:16:47.930]By using this little trap, we could become much more
[00:16:50.210]environmentally friendly.
[00:16:52.110]So, this little button here is infused
[00:16:55.920]with a female sex pheromone of the codling moth and
[00:16:59.060]you place this in the trap and
[00:17:02.020]this pheromone attracts the males.
[00:17:04.800]You put this trap about six to seven foot tall in the
[00:17:08.171]tree when the apple blossoms start to show pink.
[00:17:14.305]At that point in time, science gets involved.
[00:17:17.420]You start counting growing degree days and if you have a
[00:17:21.850]heavy codling moth problem, you're shooting for about
[00:17:26.280]180 to 200 growing degree days.
[00:17:29.540]So, once you catch the first adult male in this trap,
[00:17:33.040]you start counting the growing degree days and when you get
[00:17:35.500]to 200, that's when you spray.
[00:17:39.120]In the past, folks just started spraying.
[00:17:42.430]Come May 1st, they just spray.
[00:17:44.430]Sprayed every two weeks, every two weeks, every two weeks.
[00:17:47.240]This allows us to reduce our spray inputs into the orchard
[00:17:51.140]thus reducing impacts, environmental impacts on beneficial
[00:17:55.500]insects and other non-target insects out there or
[00:18:01.060]organisms and not just necessarily insects and so, as this
[00:18:05.280]continues, if the codling moth problem is extremely heavy
[00:18:10.040]then, at 1250 degree growing days or so, is when the
[00:18:14.830]second hatch takes place.
[00:18:17.070]So, you continue to monitor this and then, you spray again.
[00:18:21.660]Vaughn, thanks a million for coming all the way up from
[00:18:24.070]Nebraska City and sharing all that
[00:18:25.740]great information with us today.
[00:18:27.430]It was absolutely my pleasure.
[00:18:29.070]I always enjoy it.
[00:18:30.810]Each variety of fruit trees needs to be cared for
[00:18:33.430]carefully and thoughtfully throughout the growing season.
[00:18:36.279]Keeping the diseases insects and birds away can be a pain,
[00:18:39.910]but, you'll be glad you did when you sink your teeth
[00:18:42.060]into that ripe apple or peach.
[00:18:44.740]Okay, it's time for us to answer a few of your questions.
[00:18:48.040]You can submit your questions via email to byf@unl.edu.
[00:18:53.810]Our first questions comes from a really loyal viewer,
[00:18:57.230]but, this is sent from Lisbon, North Dakota.
[00:19:00.160]He has an Autumn Blaze Maple and this Autumn Blaze has
[00:19:03.550]thrown a double liter in youth.
[00:19:06.160]His question is which one of these should be pruned
[00:19:09.410]so, we can really create a good structure for that tree
[00:19:11.860]when it's older and when should he do that pruning?
[00:19:15.360]So, this is a great question.
[00:19:18.040]What I would suggest is pruning by doing a heading cutter
[00:19:21.880]or reduction cut back by about a third to a half on the one
[00:19:26.350]that is less straight and it's pretty obvious in the images
[00:19:29.690]which one that is, but, we don't prune now.
[00:19:32.220]It's too cold.
[00:19:33.091]It's not close enough to the break of dormancy.
[00:19:36.466]We want to wait probably until March just
[00:19:40.130]before that tree begins to break dormancy and one of the
[00:19:43.330]issues with maples, of course, is they're bleeders so,
[00:19:46.410]not to worry when that sap actually looks as though
[00:19:49.590]it is all running out of the tree.
[00:19:51.330]That's not really happening with that.
[00:19:54.070]All right, our second question actually comes to us from
[00:19:56.820]Omaha and this is really interesting.
[00:20:00.620]This is a viewer who found these little things
[00:20:03.210]about half an inch across in the bottom of a stock tank.
[00:20:07.700]We're batting this one back and forth.
[00:20:09.490]We have a couple of theories.
[00:20:11.050]First of all they look a little bit like a cedar nut
[00:20:14.890]that could have fallen into it and then, an insect or a
[00:20:18.100]critter has done a bit of nibbling or biting.
[00:20:20.420]Dennis doesn't think it's a critter
[00:20:21.810]because it's too uniform.
[00:20:23.525]It's awfully smooth for a seed,
[00:20:25.580]but, you'll notice it's valve.
[00:20:27.690]It's got a valve that opens up and then, our great
[00:20:30.780]entomologist, Jim Kalisch, thought well,
[00:20:33.270]it looks a little bit like it could have been
[00:20:36.120]a Bt thuringiensis, of course, so, Bacillus thuringiensis
[00:20:42.100]release of mosquito stuff and what you're seeing is the slow
[00:20:45.750]release granules make that hole in it.
[00:20:48.300]We're going to take another thought about that and
[00:20:51.210]probably answer that again on a later show.
[00:20:54.700]We also thought it would be interesting for you to see what
[00:20:57.450]happened with some of those seeds that we were looking at
[00:21:00.085]to see if they whether or not they were still viable and
[00:21:03.300]interestingly enough, I got almost 100%
[00:21:06.430]germination from the sweet peas.
[00:21:08.490]They're now vining themselves up on twigs in my kitchen
[00:21:12.290]which is about the only place I have enough light.
[00:21:14.940]We got a little bit of germination from the corn, maybe 50%.
[00:21:19.640]We got absolutely one of the beet seeds to germinate.
[00:21:23.330]So, again, to be able to test those older seeds and
[00:21:26.890]see whatever it is that you want to put in your gardens.
[00:21:29.310]See whether it's viable enough that you're going to plant it
[00:21:32.250]or have to seed an awful lot of it to do it
[00:21:34.720]or just buy a new seed.
[00:21:36.290]This is a really great way to do that.
[00:21:38.890]As we wrap up our show for today, we're going back to
[00:21:41.400]Jim and Kyle to talk more about keeping your fruit trees
[00:21:44.350]disease and insect free.
[00:21:46.320]We started today's program talking about what you can do
[00:21:48.770]when the trees are dormant.
[00:21:50.420]Let's hear about what it will take to have
[00:21:52.090]healthy fruit trees during the growing season.
[00:21:55.465](instrumental music)
[00:22:00.660]Well, today we have a whole array of products and
[00:22:03.530]strategies that are available for orchard spray
[00:22:07.070]situations, even small fruits, but, we're going to be
[00:22:09.500]dwelling on apple so, what do you think Kyle?
[00:22:12.990]Big job isn't it?
[00:22:13.823]It is, no, there is a lot that goes into control of
[00:22:18.620]insects and diseases during the growing season, but,
[00:22:21.050]one thing that's really critical in looking at pest
[00:22:23.470]management during the growing season is making sure that
[00:22:26.310]you time things correctly.
[00:22:28.090]So, whether that is a bud break or a full bloom, etc.
[00:22:32.400]So, maybe, we just want to go through a growing season and
[00:22:35.800]talk about some of the things we would do?
[00:22:37.330]It's real handy to have those plant development
[00:22:39.510]phenologies to help when to schedule sprays and
[00:22:42.900]we have, like, bud break just before the buds break.
[00:22:46.300]There's advantages in applying insecticides for controlling
[00:22:50.020]mites and aphids and other kinds of small insects that
[00:22:53.970]have hatched out and developed like leaf hoppers, etc., and
[00:22:57.640]so, that's very handy and then, when we talk about getting
[00:23:00.750]into the pre-bloom, the buds are starting to open up and
[00:23:04.990]you're starting to see the coloration of the blossoms and
[00:23:08.120]then, we have blossom time which is the fullness of the
[00:23:11.439]blossoming is just beautiful and the orchard situations
[00:23:14.730]right in your own backyard.
[00:23:16.580]But, blossom situations,
[00:23:18.030]do we do anything during that time?
[00:23:19.930]In the entomological world we do nothing because
[00:23:22.970]there's a concern about any kind of injury done to our
[00:23:26.800]pollinating insects, such as the honey bee.
[00:23:29.510]That's a good point.
[00:23:30.460]You really need to keep those pollinators healthy.
[00:23:32.740]There are a few diseases that you can control for,
[00:23:35.430]during that blossom time and so, if you're going to be
[00:23:38.840]controlling for apple scab or rust, that bloom stems a
[00:23:43.130]great time to be applying for it.
[00:23:47.390]Fire blight will also often come in through the flower
[00:23:50.410]buds and so, this is also a great time to control for
[00:23:54.900]fire blight if you have a history of it in your area.
[00:23:58.230]So, fungicides, no affects on pollinators?
[00:24:01.440]Generally, no, no they don't.
[00:24:03.205]That's really good and so,
[00:24:04.038]you have that window of opportunity there.
[00:24:05.550]Yes.
[00:24:06.383]Then, our season doesn't really seriously begin until
[00:24:09.360]after petal fall and that's when we apply something for
[00:24:12.860]plum curculio which is a notorious parasite.
[00:24:17.320]Just really mangles the appearance of the apple
[00:24:21.920]as it develops and then, we have codling moth,
[00:24:25.360]we have oriental fruit moth.
[00:24:26.850]A couple generations there.
[00:24:28.150]So, as we get well into the season after petal fall,
[00:24:31.610]almost up to harvest is seems like
[00:24:33.230]we have an array of different kinds of insects
[00:24:35.070]that we need to be concerned about.
[00:24:36.690]Toward the latter part of the season apple maggot and that's
[00:24:40.950]when the apples are large and juicy and so, those maggots
[00:24:43.848]are trying to capitalize on that resource before we can
[00:24:47.090]get our teeth into those apples.
[00:24:49.330]They're smart.
[00:24:50.550]No, that's lucky that with the insects
[00:24:52.840]you don't really have to worry about control until a
[00:24:54.486]little bit later in the season.
[00:24:56.170]I know with a lot of the fungal pathogens
[00:24:59.270]you want to start controlling for those really early.
[00:25:01.763]Almost right at bud break because as the buds are
[00:25:06.820]breaking and those first leaves are starting to emerge,
[00:25:09.600]if we have a cool prolonged spring, that just provides a lot
[00:25:14.780]of chance for those fungal pathogens to infect those newly
[00:25:17.960]emerging leaves, but, one of the great things about these
[00:25:22.520]diseases is there's a big environmental component to
[00:25:26.420]when they'll actually infect and so, in addition to looking
[00:25:30.130]at the growth stage of the tree, it's also a good idea to
[00:25:34.420]monitor weather patterns and so, if we are going to have
[00:25:37.480]a lot of, going to have some moisture,
[00:25:39.990]you may want to do up a fungicide spray.
[00:25:42.240]Yeah.
[00:25:43.073]During the course of a growing season if you very loyally
[00:25:46.130]follow a orchard spray, you might be applying 10, 12 sprays
[00:25:51.100]through that whole season.
[00:25:52.110]Yeah, you know what, every seven to 10 days depending
[00:25:54.628]on your product.
[00:25:57.000]14 days maybe and there are alternatives.
[00:25:59.330]There's the wait and see approach, of course and that
[00:26:02.600]would mean in like the insect world, you know.
[00:26:06.060]You would try to do some monitoring before you would apply.
[00:26:10.010]So, if you want to reduce your sprays, although there are
[00:26:11.910]some risk, orchard sprays, I would say, are probably the
[00:26:14.770]sure bet that you're gonna have something nice and juicy
[00:26:17.330]like some of these apples here, but, we have monitoring
[00:26:20.270]devices such as sticky globes for apple maggot.
[00:26:24.330]We have pheromone traps for a codling moth.
[00:26:28.390]Two generations per season.
[00:26:30.120]So, whenever we see apple maggot here, on here
[00:26:35.820]that means it's time to treat maybe for a week or two
[00:26:39.690]afterwards with maybe separated by a week to 10 days.
[00:26:43.360]Codling moth, when you start seeing those in the traps,
[00:26:46.670]that means that you could go ahead and treat and keep
[00:26:48.960]following the populations through the season.
[00:26:51.430]Various kinds of strategies.
[00:26:53.460]Anything else you want to add Kyle?
[00:26:54.949]The only thing about any time you do have a pesticide
[00:26:59.170]program you do want to follow that pre-harvest interval.
[00:27:02.020]If we're going to be eating these apples,
[00:27:03.830]we need to make sure that there's been enough time
[00:27:06.140]between our last application and the time when we're
[00:27:09.520]going to consume them that they are healthy enough to eat.
[00:27:12.520]Yeah, that would be right.
[00:27:13.820]So, check those labels.
[00:27:15.240]Check the directions.
[00:27:16.790]Pre-harvest interval before you can take that final (crunch)
[00:27:20.660]into a nice, juicy apple.
[00:27:23.210]We hope you've enjoyed today's show about caring for
[00:27:25.410]fruit trees, but, as we've just heard,
[00:27:27.640]understanding how important it is to keep up on your
[00:27:30.280]weather and the growth stage of your fruit trees will be
[00:27:33.610]the difference between wormy apples or hot apple pie or
[00:27:36.810]that great peach.
[00:27:38.570]Thank you so much for joining us, again,
[00:27:40.440]for Lifestyle Gardening.
[00:27:42.210]Next time, on Lifestyle Gardening, we'll be hearing about
[00:27:44.720]the results from an All-America test garden,
[00:27:47.470]starting seeds at home and new products
[00:27:50.080]for the upcoming growing season.
[00:27:52.170]Don't forget to check us out on
[00:27:53.520]Facebook, YouTube and Twitter.
[00:27:55.480]So, good afternoon, good gardening, thanks for watching and
[00:27:59.010]we'll see you all next time on Lifestyle Gardening.
[00:28:02.636](instrumental music)
[00:28:05.756](instrumental music)
[00:28:08.846](instrumental music)
[00:28:11.951](instrumental music)

The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!

You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.

Comments

0 Comments

Lifestyle Gardening 503

Description

Searchable Transcript

Comments icon comment

Related Channels

Comments