Protecting Herd Health Through Biosecurity

Amy Millmier Schmidt Author

01/11/2018 Added

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[00:00:01.450]Well I'm happy to be here with you guys today.
[00:00:03.784]My name is Amy Schmidt and I'm going to
[00:00:06.670]talk to you about protecting herd health with biosecurity.
[00:00:09.900]And so, you may wonder what role this has
[00:00:13.010]in a land application and a manure
[00:00:15.181]and nutrient management training,
[00:00:18.420]but there is a role that manure
[00:00:20.670]and animal mortalities play in disease transfer,
[00:00:24.740]and those are also part of a nutrient management plan.
[00:00:27.220]And so, that will be tied into this presentation.
[00:00:30.930]And again, the other purpose is that
[00:00:33.960]we try to cover timely issues and
[00:00:37.240]topics that are maybe don't get touched on
[00:00:40.260]in other trainings that you might attend.
[00:00:42.380]And so, this is a presentation
[00:00:44.980]that kind of focuses on biosecurity
[00:00:46.730]because we've seen the porcine epidemic
[00:00:49.720]diarrhea virus and the high path avian influenza
[00:00:53.110]in the past few years,
[00:00:54.240]and that's kind of brought to light
[00:00:56.260]this issue of improving biosecurity
[00:00:58.890]on the farm to protect the health of the animals.
[00:01:03.624]So, starting out just asking the question of
[00:01:07.224]why is biosecurity important?
[00:01:11.120]Like I mentioned, when animals are healthy,
[00:01:15.437]they're going to produce better.
[00:01:18.536]They're going to produce their products more quickly.
[00:01:22.400]So you'll have a better milk quality,
[00:01:24.360]better milk yield, animals reach their
[00:01:26.643]market weight quicker.
[00:01:28.540]So regardless of the type of animal that's being produced,
[00:01:31.544]the health of that animal is very important
[00:01:34.560]to their productivity.
[00:01:35.690]And again, that will influence their
[00:01:37.976]manure output, their manure characteristics as well.
[00:01:42.520]You've probably heard the term that
[00:01:44.077]great milk comes from happy cows,
[00:01:46.840]and happy cows come from California.
[00:01:48.610]Well, I would say that great products,
[00:01:50.740]whether it's meat or milk or eggs that are being produced,
[00:01:54.050]those come from healthy animals,
[00:01:55.420]and healthy animals come from good
[00:01:57.400]on farm biosecurity practices.
[00:02:02.090]So what is biosecurity?
[00:02:04.579]I'm guessing this is not a new term to anybody.
[00:02:07.040]You've probably heard it,
[00:02:08.540]whether it's been through similar trainings like this
[00:02:10.720]or through your veterinarian
[00:02:12.317]that you work with on a regular basis
[00:02:16.010]to keep your animals healthy and productive.
[00:02:18.339]I think of biosecurity in terms of
[00:02:21.870]keeping my family well.
[00:02:25.530]So for instance,
[00:02:30.350]we talk about both internal biosecurity
[00:02:32.610]and external biosecurity on a farm.
[00:02:34.430]So for me, internal biosecurity is
[00:02:37.560]if somebody in my family is sick,
[00:02:39.500]I want to keep everybody else from getting sick.
[00:02:41.710]And so on the farm, that means when you have
[00:02:43.816]maybe one building where animals have become sick
[00:02:48.190]or you have within a herd,
[00:02:50.940]within a pen and a feed lot where animals are sick,
[00:02:53.690]your goal is to implement practices
[00:02:56.460]that keep that disease from moving
[00:02:58.077]throughout the herd and spreading to more animals.
[00:03:01.840]External biosecurity means keeping that
[00:03:04.660]disease from even entering your farm in the first place.
[00:03:07.320]So for me, that means keeping my kids
[00:03:09.620]from getting sick at school,
[00:03:11.197]so that they don't bring that home
[00:03:13.270]to the rest of the family.
[00:03:14.780]And the things that we think about from
[00:03:18.150]the human perspective is that we cover
[00:03:20.040]our mouth when we cough and we
[00:03:21.830]wash our hands frequently so that we don't
[00:03:23.900]spread germs as we touch things.
[00:03:27.230]And we stay home if we're sick,
[00:03:28.600]or we should stay home if we're sick.
[00:03:30.700]We can't ask animals to do that.
[00:03:32.490]So, we need to look at the practices on our farm
[00:03:35.790]where we can better control the
[00:03:39.220]contact that animals have with each other
[00:03:41.790]and the contact that we have and that
[00:03:44.240]other vectors that can move disease causing organisms,
[00:03:48.360]how those are controlled within our production system.
[00:03:52.500]So, I think being a bit of an alarmist
[00:03:57.550]is important for a person to have
[00:04:00.030]a really good biosecurity plan in place on their operation.
[00:04:03.610]So the thing that you'll hear from me,
[00:04:05.900]you'll hear from a lot of the commodity boards
[00:04:07.820]as they talk about biosecurity, is that
[00:04:10.370]if it can move, it can carry disease.
[00:04:12.380]So anything within that production system
[00:04:14.490]that has the ability to move around,
[00:04:17.774]is going to have the ability to spread disease.
[00:04:20.500]So you might take just a minute and think about,
[00:04:22.380]on your particular operation,
[00:04:24.696]maybe you have confined swine in buildings,
[00:04:28.830]maybe you have pastured cow calf pairs or poultry,
[00:04:33.576]and think about all of the
[00:04:36.970]tools and the people and the,
[00:04:40.970]everything that's kind of moving around
[00:04:42.970]within the boundary of that farm
[00:04:45.240]and what's coming in from outside to the farm.
[00:04:48.899]And I think when you really get down to
[00:04:52.120]making a list of those things,
[00:04:54.010]there's a lot of different vectors
[00:04:56.270]that can potentially be moving
[00:04:57.930]disease causing organisms around on the site.
[00:05:01.360]And those are the things that we want to think about
[00:05:03.640]and address with the farm level biosecurity plan.
[00:05:11.310]So, let's think about some of the way diseases are spread.
[00:05:15.560]Hopefully you took a minute there to
[00:05:17.230]maybe make a list on your own farm.
[00:05:19.410]So, one of the first ones that we
[00:05:22.980]would think about is the livestock themselves.
[00:05:25.120]So, whether those are animals on your farm
[00:05:28.138]that maybe move around within the site,
[00:05:31.850]maybe they are nursery pigs that are
[00:05:33.860]moved onto the finishing grow-finish phase,
[00:05:37.197]or gestating sows that are moved into farrowing,
[00:05:40.877]those animals have the ability themselves
[00:05:43.760]through oral fluid contact and their manure
[00:05:47.360]and things like that, and maybe dust and dirt
[00:05:50.920]that they carry on their body,
[00:05:52.280]they have the ability to be a vector
[00:05:54.370]for disease causing organisms that way.
[00:05:57.760]People.
[00:05:58.850]Obviously, we move around on farms a lot.
[00:06:02.720]People move from one production area to another.
[00:06:07.980]They intermingle maybe in a lunch room area
[00:06:10.700]or going back into the house at the end of the day,
[00:06:13.710]and you've been on different parts
[00:06:14.980]of the farm than other family members,
[00:06:17.021]and there's that opportunity for
[00:06:19.480]disease causing organisms to be
[00:06:22.080]moved around by those people.
[00:06:23.840]There's also the people when you leave the farm
[00:06:25.750]or if you have multiple sites,
[00:06:27.180]as you move between those.
[00:06:30.340]The vehicles and equipment that we use are another one.
[00:06:33.980]Whether that's loaders that are used for
[00:06:36.330]moving feed ingredients, and then you turn around
[00:06:39.130]and use those for moving a dead animal.
[00:06:42.460]So there's that opportunity to contaminate
[00:06:44.610]that feed source with that same equipment.
[00:06:48.020]Same is true if you have trucks coming from
[00:06:50.030]outside of the farm to deliver feed,
[00:06:52.300]or to deliver or pick up animals.
[00:06:55.910]And even in the worker's vehicles,
[00:06:57.520]if you have an operation where you have
[00:06:58.910]multiple workers from outside the site,
[00:07:02.190]there's that opportunity for them to be
[00:07:04.360]maybe on their own home farm,
[00:07:06.477]drive a vehicle to your farm,
[00:07:08.381]and transfer some disease causing organisms that way.
[00:07:13.740]Feed and water is another source,
[00:07:15.780]whether that feed is contaminated
[00:07:17.210]before it gets to the farm,
[00:07:18.710]if it's got some fecal contamination
[00:07:20.659]because animals had access to it,
[00:07:23.217]and then water, of course, if there's,
[00:07:26.077]the water source isn't secure
[00:07:30.179]or has had some contamination.
[00:07:33.040]We'll talk a little more about all of these in a bit,
[00:07:35.050]but pests, we usually talk about rodents and birds.
[00:07:39.530]Anything that's able to move around freely
[00:07:42.140]between different areas of the farm.
[00:07:43.700]And then we know that there are some
[00:07:45.680]disease causing organisms that can travel into air.
[00:07:49.550]And there's speculation about the role of
[00:07:52.760]the PDV virus traveling downwind
[00:07:57.120]from an operation to infect another one.
[00:07:59.939]So, often not a lot we can do about
[00:08:01.830]what's moving in the air,
[00:08:03.010]but it's also something to consider.
[00:08:06.500]So what's the role of livestock?
[00:08:08.430]Like I mentioned before,
[00:08:10.380]we move livestock between different
[00:08:12.420]production groups on a farm,
[00:08:14.530]or we move new animals onto the farm from another site.
[00:08:20.110]Disposal of mortalities.
[00:08:21.870]This gets back to a little more in line
[00:08:24.330]with what you're learning today with nutrient management.
[00:08:28.020]But mortalities, if they're disposed of on the farm,
[00:08:31.660]they have a nutrient value
[00:08:33.340]in their body themselves.
[00:08:36.240]So if they're buried or if they're incinerated
[00:08:39.420]or if they're composted on site
[00:08:41.010]and then that material is returned back to the land,
[00:08:44.040]there's a nutrient value there.
[00:08:46.080]And so, we want to make sure when those
[00:08:47.660]mortalities are being handled that they're
[00:08:49.619]being handled appropriately so that
[00:08:51.779]the practice of disposal is biosecurity,
[00:08:54.450]and doesn't lead to disease transfer
[00:08:57.010]when those byproducts are applied to the land.
[00:09:01.140]And then dirt, manure and contaminants that may be
[00:09:03.437]on the animals' bodies themselves,
[00:09:07.210]that can carry those organisms.
[00:09:11.670]People, like I mentioned.
[00:09:13.240]People can carry diseases that don't
[00:09:14.850]necessarily make people sick,
[00:09:16.400]but they can carry them and transfer them to animals.
[00:09:19.150]There are diseases that are,
[00:09:23.120]both humans and animals can transfer
[00:09:25.100]between them as well.
[00:09:26.450]A lot of times, you'll hear folks talk about
[00:09:28.680]making sure that employees are vaccinated for influenza,
[00:09:32.210]so that that's not something that's
[00:09:33.380]passed back and forth between
[00:09:34.550]the workers and the animals.
[00:09:36.590]Wearing dirty boots and clothing,
[00:09:38.150]and even jewelry and watches.
[00:09:39.710]So in particular, if you work in the swine industry
[00:09:43.590]and you maybe go to different sites
[00:09:45.410]where you have to shower in and out,
[00:09:47.219]that's a situation where
[00:09:49.021]even the tiniest amount of organic material,
[00:09:52.660]in something like a ring or a watch,
[00:09:55.070]could be enough, particularly with the
[00:09:56.690]porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.
[00:09:59.230]It takes so very little of that to transfer that disease.
[00:10:02.450]And so, that's something to think about
[00:10:04.300]with the people that are,
[00:10:06.010]maybe when you have new employees on the farm
[00:10:07.810]that aren't really familiar with that process,
[00:10:09.550]it's something to really give some
[00:10:12.330]consideration to with them.
[00:10:14.520]Contaminated raw material for feed.
[00:10:17.120]Maybe you mix your own products onsite.
[00:10:19.320]Maybe that feed was delivered from offsite.
[00:10:23.090]It's important.
[00:10:24.650]You may not be able to control what's
[00:10:26.290]necessarily could happen before that reaches your farm,
[00:10:28.770]but you can control whether or not
[00:10:31.790]there's access to that feed by animals,
[00:10:34.330]that there could be some manure contamination,
[00:10:36.563]some spoilage, birds and rodents having access to it,
[00:10:40.280]that have also had access to
[00:10:42.050]the manure and the animals inside the building.
[00:10:46.820]So when we talk about pests,
[00:10:48.780]I mentioned earlier, rodents and insects.
[00:10:50.470]Those are usually our two we think of, right?
[00:10:52.150]So we think about having good
[00:10:54.362]covers on the sides of the swine barns,
[00:10:57.810]the curtains and the screen to be, to keep birds out,
[00:11:02.260]we have rodent control.
[00:11:03.580]We don't want to have mice moving around in there.
[00:11:06.280]One thing that we may not think as much about
[00:11:08.300]are the domestic animals, and so,
[00:11:10.725]every good dairy farm has some cats on it, right?
[00:11:14.384]Most other farms, beef farms, swine farms,
[00:11:17.410]there's a dog, particularly if it's a
[00:11:22.159]farmstead and there's a home there
[00:11:24.456]where the production buildings are located.
[00:11:27.200]And those animals don't follow the same
[00:11:29.458]practices as we do for maybe
[00:11:31.756]stepping through boot washes and washing hands,
[00:11:34.970]and so, if you've got pets,
[00:11:37.853]domestic animals on a site,
[00:11:40.198]that's another thing to consider.
[00:11:41.730]Not maybe letting those animals be around the livestock
[00:11:46.721]for that purpose.
[00:11:50.390]So let's talk about what we
[00:11:51.916]want to include in a biosecurity plan
[00:11:54.850]and what practices we want to put in place on a farm.
[00:11:58.310]Probably the number one is just
[00:12:00.360]limiting access to that farm.
[00:12:03.394]These types of signs that I'm showing up here.
[00:12:07.580]Unauthorized personnel, don't enter.
[00:12:09.870]No admittance without owner permission.
[00:12:12.354]Those can be a little bit scary to people who
[00:12:15.660]pass by and don't understand the purpose of that.
[00:12:17.870]There's some role, I think, as producers
[00:12:20.290]that you have in informing the public
[00:12:23.820]about why these types of signs are in place.
[00:12:26.690]It's not because they are at risk if they come in,
[00:12:30.340]but it's because the animals are at risk
[00:12:33.130]of diseases entering the farm.
[00:12:35.160]But just controlling access
[00:12:36.674]is one of the biggest ones.
[00:12:38.390]And having one entrance and exit for a farm,
[00:12:42.610]so that you can kind of see who's coming and going.
[00:12:45.600]This idea of a line of separation
[00:12:47.234]really came about a couple years ago with the PEDV outbreak.
[00:12:54.160]And there was a big push for
[00:12:56.230]helping people understand the idea of
[00:13:00.020]having kind of a line in the sand where
[00:13:03.100]everyone on this side of it is from outside the farm
[00:13:05.660]and people on this side of it are from inside the farm,
[00:13:07.960]and neither one crosses over that line.
[00:13:10.090]So rather than a line of separation,
[00:13:11.850]we really need to think about several lines of separation.
[00:13:15.490]So whether it's at where the feed truck enters,
[00:13:18.410]where the animals are moved in and out of buildings,
[00:13:20.880]where manure is pumped and hauled.
[00:13:23.210]Each of those places that can serve
[00:13:25.100]as a vector for disease transfer
[00:13:26.892]should have this line of separation in place.
[00:13:30.560]So let's think about animal movement practices.
[00:13:33.420]In this case, we've got the truck
[00:13:36.636]that is actually doing the transportation of the animals,
[00:13:40.030]and then you see down here in the corner,
[00:13:42.034]a truck that's backed up to a loading chute.
[00:13:45.060]So maybe they're unloading animals,
[00:13:46.760]maybe they're loading them.
[00:13:48.150]Either way, you've got the truck from offsite
[00:13:50.980]that would be considered dirty,
[00:13:53.050]and you've got the production system
[00:13:56.980]on the farm that would be considered the clean side.
[00:13:59.310]And so, what you would want to keep in mind
[00:14:01.150]is that the driver of this truck
[00:14:03.071]shouldn't cross into that loading chute
[00:14:06.472]when those animals are being moved,
[00:14:08.420]and the people working in that barn
[00:14:10.130]shouldn't cross into that truck,
[00:14:11.850]as the animals are being loaded or unloaded.
[00:14:13.650]So your line of separation there
[00:14:15.380]is the back end of that truck and the
[00:14:17.097]end of the loading chute where it backs up to.
[00:14:22.830]The driver themselves.
[00:14:24.270]If they're gonna be moving around,
[00:14:25.494]you would want them to put on boots
[00:14:28.180]and protective clothing on the farm,
[00:14:30.990]and then when they get ready to go, that's left there.
[00:14:33.270]So what you don't want is them
[00:14:35.120]getting out of the truck and pulling
[00:14:36.350]a pair of boots out of their truck
[00:14:37.890]and a Tyvek suit out of their truck
[00:14:40.180]that they've been carrying with them,
[00:14:41.310]because it would probably contain
[00:14:43.560]the same contaminants that the inside of their truck does.
[00:14:47.765]There's a lot of
[00:14:51.330]disinfection and cleaning practices
[00:14:53.700]we want to see happening with those trucks.
[00:14:55.740]That really got a lot more attention
[00:14:58.020]in the last few years with some of the disease outbreaks.
[00:15:00.610]And so, in particular with disinfection
[00:15:03.700]of those vehicles, it's important to remember,
[00:15:06.080]one, that the disinfectants aren't effective
[00:15:08.630]if the organic material hasn't been washed off
[00:15:11.220]of the trucks already.
[00:15:12.360]So if there's manure or dirt caked on
[00:15:14.680]the interior of that truck,
[00:15:16.920]all the disinfectant in the world
[00:15:18.270]is probably not going to do a heck of a lot
[00:15:20.960]to kill any disease causing organisms.
[00:15:23.540]So, a wash, a high powered wash with soap and hot water,
[00:15:27.940]followed by drying, and then followed by disinfectant
[00:15:31.826]is probably going to be the best bet there.
[00:15:34.060]And again, this is something that
[00:15:35.310]veterinarians can help you determine
[00:15:37.456]what specific disinfectants and practices
[00:15:41.710]should be used based on the disease
[00:15:43.750]or diseases of concern at your particular site.
[00:15:47.230]Feed delivery practices.
[00:15:48.410]Again, we talked about the whole
[00:15:49.856]disinfection of the vehicles themselves.
[00:15:52.260]In this case, the driver really doesn't have
[00:15:55.390]a reason to be in the production buildings.
[00:15:57.780]But if they're going to be out moving around
[00:15:59.460]on the farm, again, making available to them
[00:16:02.890]the boots and the clothing covers
[00:16:05.140]to wear while they're onsite,
[00:16:06.660]and then having them leave those at the farm
[00:16:08.750]when they depart would be an important practice.
[00:16:13.550]Pest control.
[00:16:15.397]Controlling flies on pastured animals and
[00:16:19.557]feeding situations is very important.
[00:16:21.860]We see a lot of data that's come out about
[00:16:25.680]transferring pinkeye and other diseases between animals
[00:16:29.674]because of the flies.
[00:16:31.957]Rodent control, like we show up here.
[00:16:35.170]Pretty typical thing to see on farms these days.
[00:16:38.710]So, just being able to control the birds, the rodents.
[00:16:42.490]And again, the domestic animals
[00:16:44.416]moving between those different places on the farm.
[00:16:49.278]So again, this is a manure nutrient management meeting.
[00:16:52.896]Let's talk about the role of manure
[00:16:55.296]and the role of the producer versus
[00:16:57.910]a custom manure hauler in managing that manure
[00:17:01.770]so that it's not a source of disease transfer.
[00:17:05.940]If you're a producer and you have a crew
[00:17:07.470]from outside the farm that is coming in
[00:17:09.820]to haul your manure, you're very much
[00:17:12.440]within your right and it's very recommended
[00:17:15.000]that you talk to them ahead of time and ask
[00:17:17.130]where have they been prior to coming to your site.
[00:17:20.138]You want to be there when they show up to pump manure.
[00:17:24.510]Talk about your biosecurity expectations with them.
[00:17:27.900]Let them know ahead of time how you would like to
[00:17:29.891]have them enter the site and exit the farm.
[00:17:34.350]As hard as it is to avoid walking up
[00:17:37.550]and shaking hands with a person,
[00:17:39.228]that's another way that you can transfer
[00:17:43.080]some of what's on their hands to you,
[00:17:45.000]take it back into the buildings
[00:17:46.390]or back to your animals.
[00:17:47.730]So, avoiding direct contact with the people
[00:17:51.010]and also their equipment is very important.
[00:17:54.320]And then, have their personnel wear
[00:17:56.050]protective boots and coveralls while they're on the site.
[00:17:59.007]Supply those to them, and then when they get
[00:18:02.440]ready to leave, have them leave them on the farm
[00:18:04.030]so they're not taking anything off of your farm
[00:18:06.000]that could potentially be a risk to another farm.
[00:18:10.140]As the manure hauler, kind of the same deal.
[00:18:13.480]It's all about communication.
[00:18:15.700]Understanding before you go to the farm
[00:18:17.430]what's expected of you, in terms of biosecurity.
[00:18:20.447]Expecting that they're probably going
[00:18:22.660]to ask where you've been,
[00:18:23.910]how much downtime have you had between
[00:18:26.660]the last site and theirs.
[00:18:27.910]How did you clean the hoses and the pumps and everything?
[00:18:32.430]How did you disinfect those?
[00:18:34.930]Understand before you go how they want you
[00:18:36.890]to enter the farm and exit,
[00:18:38.460]so that you're not crossing paths
[00:18:40.760]with feed trucks or other equipment.
[00:18:44.680]Ask them where their line of separation is
[00:18:46.510]for manure pumping and how they want you
[00:18:49.204]to clean their equipment before,
[00:18:52.510]I'm sorry, clean your equipment
[00:18:53.540]before you leave their farm.
[00:18:55.930]Covering up with the coveralls and boots that they provide,
[00:18:58.850]and cleaning and disinfecting everything
[00:19:00.750]before you move onto the next site.
[00:19:05.530]So, just some kind of summary here
[00:19:09.120]of other management practices.
[00:19:11.780]Every operation, particularly a swine operation
[00:19:14.410]that has been certified with port quality assurance
[00:19:18.510]and a beef operation that's been
[00:19:20.120]through the beef quality assurance program,
[00:19:22.360]a big part of those programs is the
[00:19:24.410]veterinary client patient relationship,
[00:19:26.164]or the relationship between you,
[00:19:28.222]your veterinarian, and the animals that you're raising.
[00:19:31.290]And so, you should have a veterinarian
[00:19:33.460]involved in your operation,
[00:19:34.560]and they should be able to help you assess your
[00:19:36.664]health risks and biosecurity needs on the farm,
[00:19:40.943]and can help you develop your biosecurity plan.
[00:19:46.320]Focus on addressing the diseases
[00:19:49.200]that are of immediate concern to you.
[00:19:51.660]So, if avian influenza is an issue where you're located,
[00:19:57.960]that's something that you would want
[00:19:59.200]some very specific practices in place for,
[00:20:01.290]and a very specific plan in place for.
[00:20:03.960]If you're a swine operation,
[00:20:05.890]this time of year particularly,
[00:20:07.670]PEDV is more prevalent in the cold seasons.
[00:20:12.470]So you might have a different plan in place
[00:20:14.020]for the winter versus the summer.
[00:20:15.670]So just, that plan is a working document
[00:20:19.170]and is something that should and could
[00:20:21.970]be changed from year to year and
[00:20:24.063]when a new issue arises.
[00:20:28.180]This is something producers do anyway,
[00:20:30.950]being around the animals frequently.
[00:20:33.044]Being able to detect an illness
[00:20:35.860]or a concern very quickly so that animal
[00:20:37.610]can be isolated from the rest of the herd.
[00:20:41.670]If a disease outbreaks occurs,
[00:20:43.524]that's important to have that animal
[00:20:45.487]away from the healthy animals as quickly as possible.
[00:20:48.450]And then, maintaining good herd health records.
[00:20:51.440]So again, that's part of the quality assurance programs.
[00:20:54.585]But it also helps you maintain a record
[00:20:58.000]that you can go back and look later at
[00:20:59.604]maybe some of the things leading up to that
[00:21:02.820]disease outbreak that could've been a sign
[00:21:06.898]to you that there was something of concern there.
[00:21:10.980]And then also having that record
[00:21:12.470]of how those animals were treated
[00:21:13.810]and how that treatment worked.
[00:21:15.820]And then finally, making sure that
[00:21:17.743]farm personnel and livestock are vaccinated
[00:21:20.960]for any risk, disease risks that are identified.
[00:21:25.520]One thing I didn't mention earlier
[00:21:26.890]that I think is worth talking about is
[00:21:28.440]we hear a lot today about antibiotic use
[00:21:31.590]on livestock production systems,
[00:21:33.620]and the consumers desires to see
[00:21:37.760]antibiotic use reduced.
[00:21:39.630]One of the ways we could do that is by
[00:21:41.900]reducing the amount of disease that is,
[00:21:43.750]that the animals are exposed to.
[00:21:45.350]If they're not sick, we don't need to
[00:21:46.620]treat them with those antibiotics.
[00:21:48.260]So, from an economic perspective,
[00:21:51.700]that saves you money as a producer
[00:21:53.940]to not have to purchase and administer those medications.
[00:21:58.510]It's also a way to improve consumer
[00:22:00.720]confidence in their food supply
[00:22:02.322]when there's greater control of the health of animals
[00:22:06.190]without the use of the antibiotics
[00:22:08.310]and other pharmaceutical products.
[00:22:12.420]So I want to leave you with some other
[00:22:13.760]resources that are out there.
[00:22:15.130]Every commodity group has resources on biosecurity.
[00:22:20.020]Whether it is the cattle industry over here.
[00:22:24.580]Down in the corner you see Biosecurity For Birds.
[00:22:27.050]There's avian influenza specific materials out there.
[00:22:30.650]The Animal Plant Health Inspection Service
[00:22:32.720]has fact sheets about different diseases.
[00:22:37.520]The National Pork Board is kind of
[00:22:39.760]the go to resource for swine related diseases,
[00:22:43.130]and they put out a really good publication
[00:22:45.210]about one year ago,
[00:22:46.900]that is focused entirely on PEDV
[00:22:49.850]and all of the practices for on farm management
[00:22:54.100]and prevention of that disease are available there.
[00:22:57.470]So, if you go online and you just Google
[00:23:00.863]the title here, PEDV Brings Its Worst,
[00:23:04.090]Pork Checkoff Brings Its Best,
[00:23:05.690]you'll find that document.
[00:23:10.910]So I want to leave you with just a few
[00:23:12.500]of the recent lessons we've learned about PEDV,
[00:23:15.070]and I'm talking about this one specifically
[00:23:17.060]because it's where some of my research
[00:23:19.190]has been focused in the last couple of years.
[00:23:21.550]And specifically, in relation to
[00:23:24.159]mortality disposal and manure
[00:23:26.999]as a source of the virus, spread of that virus.
[00:23:31.940]So we have determined that composting
[00:23:34.310]of PEDV positive mortalities
[00:23:37.270]is a biosecurity disposal practice.
[00:23:39.910]Obviously we want to make sure that
[00:23:41.330]process is conducted so that we're actually
[00:23:44.321]composting those animals and achieving the heat
[00:23:47.470]and the time that we maintain that heat in the pile
[00:23:50.530]to actually be composting and not just
[00:23:52.579]covering those animals up and kind of
[00:23:54.700]letting that pile sit there.
[00:23:57.270]We have found that virus survives
[00:23:59.936]differently in the manure,
[00:24:01.660]based on the pH of that manure.
[00:24:03.560]So the higher the manure pH,
[00:24:05.430]the less hospitable that environment is
[00:24:07.270]to the PED virus.
[00:24:09.480]Most of the time, stored manure is probably
[00:24:12.490]going to be at a pH that would
[00:24:14.820]take care of that virus.
[00:24:16.610]Fresh manure, or if you have a pool plug system
[00:24:19.580]or a pit where you mostly have fresh manure in there
[00:24:22.760]until it's flushed out to the lagoon maybe,
[00:24:25.620]that pH is lower when that manure's excreted,
[00:24:28.770]so the virus is going to survive better in there.
[00:24:32.090]We know that we can add lime to manure
[00:24:33.840]to raise the pH.
[00:24:35.398]One of the issues is that lime,
[00:24:37.410]when that pH rises, you have a lot
[00:24:38.960]of ammonia of all the flies from the manure
[00:24:40.760]and that can be
[00:24:42.600]a safety risk to the workers and the animals
[00:24:45.390]and also, an odor risk.
[00:24:47.590]So we are looking at some additional research
[00:24:49.480]on just what is that cutoff in pH
[00:24:52.056]where we get virus not being able to survive,
[00:24:55.920]but we don't add anymore lime than is necessary.
[00:24:59.450]And we also know that the pH of soil
[00:25:01.378]affects how that virus survives
[00:25:03.640]once manure's been applied.
[00:25:05.840]And so, in some initial studies,
[00:25:08.570]we found that any soil that had a pH
[00:25:10.760]of about seven and a half and up,
[00:25:12.600]that virus didn't survive past
[00:25:14.580]the first day of being applied.
[00:25:17.000]But we are looking now at some more acidic soils
[00:25:18.990]to see if that's the case for those as well.
[00:25:22.280]So that data will be available in the coming months.
[00:25:26.300]And I'll leave you with my contact information,
[00:25:29.340]but down at the bottom, I'm sure you've heard
[00:25:30.936]several times today this, the manure.unl.edu
[00:25:35.030]website mentioned and that's a good
[00:25:37.458]site to have bookmarked.
[00:25:39.820]We get current information put up there
[00:25:42.020]when research data becomes available,
[00:25:44.680]and that's a good place to find information
[00:25:47.454]about just everything manure in
[00:25:49.640]nutrient management related.
[00:25:52.130]So that, I thank you for your time.
[00:25:54.978]Hopefully there's some discussion among
[00:25:57.198]different producers today about
[00:25:59.040]the practices that you all use on your farm for biosecurity.
[00:26:03.410]Maybe some discussion about
[00:26:05.810]sources of disease transfer on your farm
[00:26:08.010]that you maybe hadn't thought about
[00:26:10.420]and someone else kind of brings up
[00:26:12.519]and discusses how they address that.
[00:26:15.138]I think that information sharing among
[00:26:17.830]producers within the same industries
[00:26:19.620]is a really great way to learn about
[00:26:21.670]practices that work for other people,
[00:26:23.210]not just from the research that we do.
[00:26:25.762]And so, I encourage that type of conversation today,
[00:26:28.670]and when you leave after the training today of
[00:26:32.210]really thinking through some of the
[00:26:33.540]practices on your farm where you could
[00:26:35.177]better control disease transfer.
[00:26:37.400]So with that, thank you very much and
[00:26:38.835]enjoy the rest of the training.

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Protecting Herd Health Through Biosecurity

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