2017 MATC Scholars Program: Dr. Terri Norton
Larissa Sazama
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11/02/2017
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9
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Dr. Terri Norton, Associate Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, presents on "The Road to a New Tohoku: Rebuilding after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami". For more information, please visit http://matc.unl.edu/education/scholars-program2017.php.
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- [00:00:00.439](speaks in foreign language)
- [00:00:15.635]Does anybody know what I said?
- [00:00:20.412]My name
- [00:00:24.056]and Nebraska?
- [00:00:25.494]So I said good afternoon, my name is Terri Norton.
- [00:00:30.464]I am an associate professor
- [00:00:32.077]at the University of Nebraska.
- [00:00:34.289]It is very nice to meet you.
- [00:00:40.052]A little bit about me.
- [00:00:42.495]Dr. Jones has already given a preview,
- [00:00:44.934]but just a little bit more about me.
- [00:00:46.981]I am an associate professor within the Durham School
- [00:00:49.506]of Architectural Engineering and Construction,
- [00:00:52.734]also a Fulbright scholar for Japan,
- [00:00:56.053]doing research and disaster recovery and reconstruction.
- [00:00:59.305]I hold degrees in civil engineering
- [00:01:01.100]from Florida State University
- [00:01:03.217]and the Florida Agricultural Mechanical University.
- [00:01:08.636]Before coming here to Nebraska,
- [00:01:10.226]I worked for the Aerospace Corporation,
- [00:01:13.193]doing structural dynamics research for space structures.
- [00:01:17.610]And since being here, this year marks my
- [00:01:20.509]10-year anniversary of being here
- [00:01:21.982]at the University of Nebraska.
- [00:01:26.158]Hallmark anniversary.
- [00:01:28.188]In my time here, I have graduated both
- [00:01:31.621]graduate and undergraduate students
- [00:01:33.357]in civil engineering, architectural engineering,
- [00:01:36.383]construction engineering, and construction management.
- [00:01:40.233]I lead the constructional dynamics research group
- [00:01:42.888]where our focus is to
- [00:01:45.521]investigate how dynamic loads affect civil structures.
- [00:01:49.565]So we look at earthquakes, we look at hurricanes,
- [00:01:52.694]we look at tsunamis, tornadoes.
- [00:01:55.654]My research interests
- [00:01:56.487]are in structural dynamics and control,
- [00:01:59.216]risk assessment and vulnerability.
- [00:02:01.906]I do energy efficiency,
- [00:02:04.407]which is kind of out of the box,
- [00:02:06.757]but when get funding out of the box,
- [00:02:09.059]you accept it,
- [00:02:09.892]so I do some research in energy efficiency
- [00:02:12.996]and sustainable construction,
- [00:02:14.901]as well disaster debris management.
- [00:02:19.788]I'm gonna start at the end of my presentation
- [00:02:21.902]just in case.
- [00:02:23.294]So these publications are relevant to this work.
- [00:02:27.030]I'm going to give you an overview
- [00:02:28.634]of what I'm currently doing
- [00:02:29.502]for my Fulbright research in Japan.
- [00:02:32.170]These are some beginning publications,
- [00:02:33.993]but as I said, this is the beginning of this work.
- [00:02:37.040]So there will be more implications of publications to come.
- [00:02:40.576]And maybe if anyone is interest in this audience,
- [00:02:43.682]you may be able to join me in that work.
- [00:02:46.400]We could talk about that at the end.
- [00:02:49.167]So outlining my presentation.
- [00:02:51.727]I'm gonna talk a little bit about
- [00:02:53.254]disaster debris management,
- [00:02:54.905]what it means for the Tohoku disaster for 2011,
- [00:02:59.897]how we managed the debris in terms of the debris processing,
- [00:03:03.344]and then how it's being used now for reconstruction,
- [00:03:06.367]and then I will summarize what I am talking about.
- [00:03:10.967]So, these pictures here are pictures of me
- [00:03:15.067]visiting Japan in 2011,
- [00:03:17.401]90 days after the great East Japan earthquake and tsunami.
- [00:03:23.197]The top picture is me in front of a hospital,
- [00:03:26.504]and it was devastated by the tsunami flood waters.
- [00:03:30.486]The steel structure, aluminum structure behind me
- [00:03:33.079]is actually awning from a gas station
- [00:03:35.376]that was across the street.
- [00:03:37.733]This is the same city,
- [00:03:39.267]but another part of the city.
- [00:03:41.330]How many of you can see
- [00:03:43.680]this little steel frame structure here?
- [00:03:47.203]That is the Emergency Management Office in that city.
- [00:03:51.475]This is Minamisanriku.
- [00:03:54.514]Like many of the cities along the coastal
- [00:03:56.383]in this disaster,
- [00:03:57.895]many structures are washed away
- [00:03:59.662]as long as individuals and people were washed away.
- [00:04:03.383]Only one individual survived in that building,
- [00:04:05.845]and he was on the top of the structure,
- [00:04:07.875]hanging on to the antenna.
- [00:04:11.703]During my time there in 2011,
- [00:04:13.685]I joined a team of 30 researchers
- [00:04:16.653]from the United States, from Japan,
- [00:04:19.212]Korea and Taiwan.
- [00:04:21.431]During that visit, we visited
- [00:04:23.048]11 of the affected areas or cities.
- [00:04:26.228]However, we were not able to go to Fukushima,
- [00:04:28.813]because of the radiation and contamination.
- [00:04:32.314]So this started my research in Japan
- [00:04:35.365]in the great East Japan earthquake in 2011.
- [00:04:39.378]The work I'm currently doing now
- [00:04:41.135]is to do a retrospective look at
- [00:04:44.313]what they've done since that disaster,
- [00:04:46.067]how are they rebuilding,
- [00:04:46.900]how are the redeveloping their communities,
- [00:04:49.478]what type of management processes did they take
- [00:04:52.350]to do those things.
- [00:04:55.368]So a little bit more about the disaster,
- [00:04:57.426]it happened in 2001.
- [00:04:59.371]Excuse me.
- [00:05:00.204]2011.
- [00:05:01.703]It was a magnitude nine earthquake.
- [00:05:04.213]It was an underwater earthquake,
- [00:05:05.769]so it's a megaquake being being that's a 9.0.
- [00:05:09.038]We had over 19,000 individuals who lost their lives,
- [00:05:14.361]over 450,000 people were evacuated from their homes,
- [00:05:19.467]over 100,000 buildings were damaged,
- [00:05:23.115]and that's not demolished structures.
- [00:05:24.996]This was actually damaged from the direct impact
- [00:05:27.299]of the tsunami of the earthquake.
- [00:05:29.355]In this estimate, $210 billion worth of economic damage.
- [00:05:34.638]For this particular research,
- [00:05:35.972]my study had been on disaster debris management.
- [00:05:39.711]Because of the overwhelming amounts of debris
- [00:05:42.590]that was generated during this disaster,
- [00:05:45.641]being so many structures that were damage,
- [00:05:48.404]we need to figure out if we're gonna resettle
- [00:05:51.477]a community or area,
- [00:05:52.851]what do we do with that debris?
- [00:05:54.582]What usually happens with debris, does anyone know?
- [00:05:59.967]Set it on fire, okay.
- [00:06:02.591]Recycle?
- [00:06:05.987]Bury it.
- [00:06:06.897]Those are all good answers.
- [00:06:08.183]So, if you can't burn it,
- [00:06:10.940]you can bury it,
- [00:06:12.442]as long as it's not chemically contaminated,
- [00:06:15.175]and then you can landfill it.
- [00:06:17.519]Or if it has viable usefulness,
- [00:06:20.316]then we can recycle it.
- [00:06:22.372]So, for this research, I'm trying to determine
- [00:06:24.902]if the recycle it, how are they using it.
- [00:06:27.991]How are they recycling?
- [00:06:28.887]Are they using it for reconstruction?
- [00:06:30.586]In which ways are they reusing it?
- [00:06:33.252]Just some general information.
- [00:06:34.599]The total amount of debris from this disaster
- [00:06:37.822]was 28 million tons.
- [00:06:40.219]Does anyone know how much debris
- [00:06:41.314]was generated from hurricane Katrina?
- [00:06:45.591]Hurricane Katrina had 22 million tons of debris.
- [00:06:49.524]So these two disasters are comparable.
- [00:06:53.119]The second part of my research is being able to compare
- [00:06:56.649]how we manage debris from different disasters,
- [00:06:59.423]both internationally and nationally here in United States.
- [00:07:02.976]So I would like to do some comparative analysis
- [00:07:05.469]about disaster debris management,
- [00:07:06.909]about reconstruction resettlement,
- [00:07:09.145]and how communities, in terms of societal effects,
- [00:07:12.673]civil engineering,
- [00:07:15.333]environmental changes,
- [00:07:17.533]policies that affect communities.
- [00:07:20.249]It's an interdisciplinary problem
- [00:07:23.265]that has many moving parts.
- [00:07:25.244]I can't do it all by myself.
- [00:07:27.062]So,
- [00:07:28.372]hopefully, by the end of this presentation, again,
- [00:07:31.599]some of you wanna do it with me.
- [00:07:34.416]The are that was most affected during this disaster
- [00:07:37.178]is Miyagi Prefecture.
- [00:07:39.166]It had 18.77
- [00:07:41.533]million tons of the total
- [00:07:44.117]28 million tons of debris.
- [00:07:45.576]So it was the most heavily affected area.
- [00:07:49.582]Has anyone ever seen this picture?
- [00:07:53.128]Okay.
- [00:07:53.961]So this is the tsunami floodwaters
- [00:07:55.033]coming into the coast of Sendai.
- [00:07:58.778]When I spent my time in Japan,
- [00:08:00.238]I was at Tohoku University,
- [00:08:02.983]and they are located in Sendai, Japan,
- [00:08:05.688]which is north of Tokyo.
- [00:08:08.071]And so this is the coast of Sendai
- [00:08:10.335]when the tsunami floodwater was coming in.
- [00:08:13.127]Along the very top of the screen, this is the ocean.
- [00:08:18.503]All of this area here
- [00:08:20.089]is where the houses were along the coast.
- [00:08:23.040]So you can imagine those houses were washed away.
- [00:08:27.563]These are a couple of my pictures from different areas
- [00:08:31.693]right after that hazard.
- [00:08:33.599]Again, I'm focusing on disaster debris.
- [00:08:36.458]As you can see, that disaster debris...
- [00:08:39.188]Uh-oh, backwards.
- [00:08:41.204]This disaster debris is on farming areas.
- [00:08:45.298]It's on
- [00:08:47.132]temporary soil at the disaster site.
- [00:08:50.358]This was a fire that was indirect effect of the tsunami,
- [00:08:55.413]because a lot of the areas that were damaged
- [00:08:57.628]were port communities, fishery communities,
- [00:09:02.224]so there were some petroleum damage and fires
- [00:09:05.242]that happened along with this disaster.
- [00:09:09.195]Actually, one of the cities,
- [00:09:10.360]I recently talked to one of the northern cities,
- [00:09:13.329]and they said their city burned for three days
- [00:09:15.663]after the tsunami,
- [00:09:17.763]because of the time that the event happened,
- [00:09:20.728]it was in the evening,
- [00:09:21.876]and most people were cooking,
- [00:09:23.741]and so there was open fires,
- [00:09:25.800]gas fires because of stoves.
- [00:09:28.164]And so, that city basically burned for three days.
- [00:09:34.295]This top picture here, Ishinomaki,
- [00:09:37.069]you can see just compare it to
- [00:09:38.444]these buildings that are standing, two story buildings,
- [00:09:41.391]how high that debris pile is.
- [00:09:44.196]So there were mountains of mountains of debris.
- [00:09:47.361]So knowing that we have all this debris,
- [00:09:49.286]again, what do we do with it?
- [00:09:51.059]How can we recycle and reuse it
- [00:09:53.297]to improve how we recover,
- [00:09:55.405]and how the speed in which we recover?
- [00:09:59.542]For this Fulbright, my objectives
- [00:10:01.202]were to learn about what the Japanese has done,
- [00:10:04.683]and is currently doing in their recovery process.
- [00:10:07.715]So I'm learning about how they manage their debris,
- [00:10:10.840]how they are recycling, reusing for reconstruction,
- [00:10:14.024]what type technologies are they using it for,
- [00:10:17.527]and then also to develop relationship
- [00:10:19.709]so I can continue this conversation and engagement with
- [00:10:23.522]researchers that are there in Japan and also globally,
- [00:10:27.201]because while there in Japan,
- [00:10:28.366]I was also able to meet researchers from Malaysia,
- [00:10:32.384]from Singapore, from other Asian countries that
- [00:10:36.028]deal with disasters like typhoons on a normal occurrence.
- [00:10:40.321]And so, being able to be in that setting
- [00:10:43.061]also allows me the opportunity
- [00:10:44.963]to network and engage with other researchers
- [00:10:47.540]that are also in this field.
- [00:10:50.898]So what is disaster debris management?
- [00:10:53.362]It's basically,
- [00:10:55.275]as it sounds, the management of debris,
- [00:10:58.382]how you collect, how you sort,
- [00:11:00.766]how you dispose of that debris.
- [00:11:02.988]As I said earlier, disaster debris management
- [00:11:05.192]is an interdisciplinary problem.
- [00:11:07.763]So not only as engineer will I have to deal with it,
- [00:11:10.421]but people in the community,
- [00:11:11.933]when you see debris after disaster,
- [00:11:14.365]it has a societal and sociological effect on you.
- [00:11:19.000]Logistics in dealing with where to put it and when,
- [00:11:21.884]and who transports it, and who pays for it.
- [00:11:24.883]We have to deal with logistics.
- [00:11:26.754]Recycling reuse can have some environmental
- [00:11:29.479]and medical implications,
- [00:11:31.873]and also material characterization
- [00:11:34.002]in terms of civil engineers.
- [00:11:35.352]If I wanna recycle and reuse this debris for reconstruction,
- [00:11:39.336]I need to understand the material properties
- [00:11:41.857]to know if I build something with these materials,
- [00:11:44.068]whether it's gonna be structurally stable.
- [00:11:46.765]So, interdisciplinary.
- [00:11:50.029]There are guides out there now
- [00:11:51.360]to do disaster debris management.
- [00:11:53.841]Different countries have their own guides.
- [00:11:55.860]Here in United States, we have the FEMA GUIde,
- [00:11:58.213]which is 325.
- [00:11:59.827]That's the most common guide that's used.
- [00:12:02.722]However, even though we have this national guide,
- [00:12:06.460]not every community has a disaster debris management plan.
- [00:12:11.200]So some communities, when they think about
- [00:12:13.753]recovering from disasters,
- [00:12:15.211]the first thing they think about
- [00:12:16.255]is that they wanna move the debris,
- [00:12:18.580]but it's about how do you
- [00:12:21.779]get the assistance funding for your community
- [00:12:24.304]so they can do the work.
- [00:12:25.906]But in terms of the city of the county,
- [00:12:29.599]who determines when to send the money out,
- [00:12:32.584]when do you determine when collection should happen,
- [00:12:36.063]how long will it take for collection to happen,
- [00:12:38.949]how long would that effect your rebuilding efforts.
- [00:12:41.905]So there are general plans.
- [00:12:43.756]But for specific plans,
- [00:12:45.324]cities have to determine, as a policy,
- [00:12:48.778]that they need too have that in place,
- [00:12:51.236]and that will aid in their recovery process.
- [00:12:54.971]For Japan, they decided that for this disaster,
- [00:12:59.302]in order to manage
- [00:13:01.558]the debris to
- [00:13:03.885]rebuild
- [00:13:05.754]and redevelop their communities,
- [00:13:07.129]they decided that the whole process
- [00:13:08.648]was gonna take 10 years.
- [00:13:11.833]The first three years is gonna be restoration.
- [00:13:15.967]The very first thing that needs to happen is response.
- [00:13:18.496]That's the beginning stages of the recovery process.
- [00:13:21.728]Response deals with debris management.
- [00:13:23.594]We have to move debris out of the way,
- [00:13:24.999]so that we can help individuals,
- [00:13:27.589]then reconstruction.
- [00:13:29.552]There may be chances to recycle and reuse debris
- [00:13:31.601]for reconstruction,
- [00:13:33.255]and then the last three years is redevelopment.
- [00:13:37.020]To their credit, in Japan,
- [00:13:38.807]they were able to manage debris in the first three years,
- [00:13:42.043]and now they're currently under reconstruction.
- [00:13:46.145]They had some ideas
- [00:13:47.912]of what to do with this debris for reconstruction,
- [00:13:51.034]and these pictures...
- [00:13:53.468]And this was the first conceptual design
- [00:13:55.963]right after the disaster in 2011.
- [00:13:59.108]They decided they were gonna build
- [00:14:00.487]coastal embankments,
- [00:14:02.157]that they were gonna fill in with debris.
- [00:14:04.895]They were going to
- [00:14:06.679]raise roads as embankments,
- [00:14:10.310]and they filled those areas with debris.
- [00:14:12.986]They were also going to improve their seawalls
- [00:14:16.229]along the coastal edge,
- [00:14:17.621]as well as redevelop their coastal forests.
- [00:14:21.275]So that was the beginning stages of
- [00:14:24.174]their plan for reconstruction,
- [00:14:25.785]and how they recycle and reuse debris.
- [00:14:29.619]But to do that, they have to understand the process.
- [00:14:32.418]So they had an idea
- [00:14:34.725]of what they plan to do in the long run with the debris.
- [00:14:37.871]But to break down the steps,
- [00:14:40.303]they had to understand
- [00:14:42.407]where to get from A to B.
- [00:14:44.128]How do you get the debris from your site,
- [00:14:46.101]your disaster site,
- [00:14:47.650]to either disposal or recycle and reuse?
- [00:14:51.353]So this flow chart basically says
- [00:14:53.900]this is debris management process that
- [00:14:55.892]we are going to do as a country in Japan
- [00:14:57.907]to manage our debris.
- [00:14:59.456]It starts out with
- [00:15:03.038]the waste is located at the disaster area.
- [00:15:06.861]You're gonna do some beginning separation,
- [00:15:09.030]take it to a temporary sorting site.
- [00:15:11.183]From there, do some more separation,
- [00:15:13.840]some cleaning, some washing, some sifting,
- [00:15:16.388]depending on whether it is
- [00:15:19.722]covered heavily in salt water.
- [00:15:21.417]They had to do some rinsing.
- [00:15:23.375]And then from there,
- [00:15:24.308]they will take it to the first storage site.
- [00:15:27.492]After going to that storage site,
- [00:15:29.191]if it was viable for recycle and reuse,
- [00:15:32.407]then they will send it to recycle and reuse.
- [00:15:34.811]Otherwise, they would determine
- [00:15:35.982]whether it was combustible or non-combustible.
- [00:15:39.236]And depending on whether it's combustible,
- [00:15:40.986]they would incinerate it.
- [00:15:42.799]If it was non-combustible,
- [00:15:43.820]then they would landfill it.
- [00:15:48.390]If I look at Miyagi, which I said
- [00:15:50.189]was the most affected area during this disaster,
- [00:15:53.749]their processing
- [00:15:56.002]method, so they decided to use...
- [00:15:58.170]They had 100 temporary sorting or storage sites.
- [00:16:03.709]This top one is country storage.
- [00:16:07.552]Right next to it is our white products,
- [00:16:09.948]our vehicles,
- [00:16:11.414]and then there's some mix waste
- [00:16:12.826]that includes vegetative or trees,
- [00:16:15.622]and then at the bottom are some temporary incinerators.
- [00:16:18.962]So whatever they could burn,
- [00:16:20.342]if it was combustible, they would burn it.
- [00:16:23.024]If they couldn't burn it,
- [00:16:24.349]they would shred it and sort it,
- [00:16:26.474]and try to either recycle it,
- [00:16:28.618]or landfill it.
- [00:16:30.566]And these are the numbers for Miyagi Prefecture,
- [00:16:33.676]and that was a prefecture that had 18.77 million tons
- [00:16:38.326]of debris.
- [00:16:41.745]For the recycle and reusing,
- [00:16:43.441]in terms of us civil engineers,
- [00:16:45.430]they decided that they want to recycle
- [00:16:47.178]and reuse it for those public works project.
- [00:16:49.744]As I said in that, that beginning schematic,
- [00:16:52.809]they want to try to use
- [00:16:54.679]recycle and reuse this debris for embankments
- [00:16:58.341]and for elevating roads.
- [00:17:00.428]And we can see here for the Miyagi prefecture,
- [00:17:02.777]they're recycling and reusing concrete debris,
- [00:17:06.196]as well as tsunami deposits.
- [00:17:09.285]And that debris is being used for coastal embankments.
- [00:17:12.169]It's being used for fishing ports projects,
- [00:17:15.323]both concrete,
- [00:17:17.035]and then tsunami sediments they're using for
- [00:17:19.137]temporary storage sites.
- [00:17:21.661]They have some other projects,
- [00:17:23.076]miscellaneous projects.
- [00:17:24.270]Some of those include our seawalls,
- [00:17:28.416]renovating or rehabilitating some seawalls.
- [00:17:32.423]The bottom pictures are just storage site.
- [00:17:35.074]So after debris was sorted and processed,
- [00:17:38.889]they had it sitting at a storage site
- [00:17:41.065]until they could reuse it for reconstruction,
- [00:17:43.555]and so that's what those bottom pictures are.
- [00:17:46.871]If I compare Miyagi Prefecture with the other two
- [00:17:49.692]affected prefectures,
- [00:17:51.627]Iwate and Fukushima,
- [00:17:54.319]I'll see that they're also recycling and reusing
- [00:17:57.253]their debris in terms of concrete and tsunami waste.
- [00:18:01.002]But comparatively with Miyagi Prefecture,
- [00:18:03.538]we'll see there's a lot more projects happening in Miyagi,
- [00:18:06.564]because it was more heavily affected
- [00:18:09.264]than Iwate and Fukushima.
- [00:18:15.057]This plan for reconstruction talks about
- [00:18:18.806]what they see new Tohoku being.
- [00:18:21.825]They are renovating their port facilities.
- [00:18:24.006]They are renovating the roadways,
- [00:18:26.221]their public transportation systems,
- [00:18:28.462]meaning their railways or subways.
- [00:18:31.142]They're also redeveloping communities.
- [00:18:34.418]So, the residential communities
- [00:18:36.122]is no longer along the coast.
- [00:18:38.509]It's being moved up to higher ground,
- [00:18:41.104]and then they are using along the coast line
- [00:18:43.042]either for port facilities or industrial facilities.
- [00:18:46.875]So in that way, they protect lives
- [00:18:49.310]because they have their population
- [00:18:51.288]now living on higher ground for future tsunamis,
- [00:18:54.936]but they are also coming up with
- [00:18:57.769]tsunami mitigation measures
- [00:18:59.525]to protect those individuals that may be working
- [00:19:02.948]in these new industrial areas,
- [00:19:04.906]or they're also building coastal parks.
- [00:19:12.014]This talks a little bit about the timeline.
- [00:19:14.902]The font may be a little small, but
- [00:19:17.911]the important thing here
- [00:19:20.710]is that on this (mumbles) talks about
- [00:19:24.619]the areas in which they are trying
- [00:19:26.250]to rebuild or reconstruct.
- [00:19:28.543]For you guys in transportation,
- [00:19:31.062]you might be interested in
- [00:19:33.406]the reconstruction of infrastructure and roads,
- [00:19:36.401]and is says that it is 99% completed by 2012.
- [00:19:41.566]So a year after, they had most of their roadway
- [00:19:47.066]or arterial roads reconstructed.
- [00:19:50.013]Why is that important?
- [00:19:53.337]People have to get around?
- [00:19:55.693]In order for you to
- [00:19:56.944]control where the debris go,
- [00:19:58.330]you have to be able to have a way to move it.
- [00:20:01.474]So you have to be able to get from point A to point B,
- [00:20:03.486]whether you're transporting debris,
- [00:20:05.575]whether you're transporting materials to rebuild
- [00:20:08.626]whether you're transferring people.
- [00:20:10.793]To be able to help individuals,
- [00:20:12.450]you have to have that transportation networks in place,
- [00:20:15.919]so that this can happen.
- [00:20:18.091]So first, debris management has to happen.
- [00:20:20.926]Part of that of that debris management is also
- [00:20:23.514]reestablishing our transportation networks,
- [00:20:26.112]so that we can continue on with the recovery process.
- [00:20:31.638]Some of the measures that they're doing in Japan
- [00:20:33.580]to re-establish their transportation networks.
- [00:20:36.946]The have reconstruction of public transportation systems.
- [00:20:41.685]A couple of the JR railways,
- [00:20:44.489]Shinkansen railways,
- [00:20:46.489]and the Sanriku railways,
- [00:20:48.386]those were damaged during tsunami and earthquake.
- [00:20:51.510]They also had some damage to the arterial roadways.
- [00:20:55.168]And then as a mitigation measures,
- [00:20:57.546]they decided as part of their plan for reconstruction,
- [00:21:01.000]they're gonna have elevated roadways.
- [00:21:05.281]Let's talk a little bit about
- [00:21:07.696]an example of how they recover
- [00:21:10.379]some of their transport networks.
- [00:21:12.814]If I look at the city of Sendai,
- [00:21:15.115]again, I said Sendai is where I spent most of my time,
- [00:21:17.396]where I was headquartered at Tohoku University.
- [00:21:21.417]And Sendai, their airport was damaged.
- [00:21:24.785]Their railway network was damaged,
- [00:21:26.923]and also their port facilities was damaged.
- [00:21:30.333]The picture on the left, at the top,
- [00:21:33.561]is Sendai airport after the disaster.
- [00:21:37.732]At the bottom is Sendai airport today,
- [00:21:40.898]how it has been cleaned up.
- [00:21:43.504]There were damage to the ceilings.
- [00:21:46.270]And Sendai airport, the front entrance
- [00:21:48.533]is all glass.
- [00:21:49.759]So that whole glass entrance way was damaged,
- [00:21:52.590]so they had to
- [00:21:54.626]renovate
- [00:21:56.869]that glass ceiling and the window system.
- [00:22:00.018]For the Shinkansen...
- [00:22:01.825]Anybody every been on a bullet train?
- [00:22:06.309]For the Shinkansen, some of the railways were damaged,
- [00:22:10.302]so they had to renovate those railways.
- [00:22:14.859]Then for port facilities,
- [00:22:17.858]they had damage in along Sendai Port,
- [00:22:20.945]which is one of the most heavily used port
- [00:22:24.456]in Miyagi Prefecture,
- [00:22:25.947]second to Ishinomaki Port.
- [00:22:29.088]And so they have to do some work to clear up
- [00:22:32.301]the damage that happen at the Sendai port area,
- [00:22:35.127]as well as there are some damage to
- [00:22:37.391]railways as I said earlier.
- [00:22:39.400]This is damage to railway in Ishinomaki,
- [00:22:42.529]where you can see the whole deck system of that
- [00:22:45.164]railway bridge is gone.
- [00:22:46.957]So they had to renovate that.
- [00:22:53.500]In an effort to protect and prevent
- [00:22:56.155]this type of disaster from happening again in those areas,
- [00:23:00.436]they have come up with mitigation measures
- [00:23:02.956]that they call tsunami dampening.
- [00:23:05.876]And this is example similar to the
- [00:23:07.875]picture I showed at the beginning of my presentation.
- [00:23:11.830]This is the mitigation measures
- [00:23:14.063]that Sendai City has decided that they're going to use
- [00:23:17.855]to prevent their city from being affected
- [00:23:20.559]from the next great tsunami,
- [00:23:23.007]and they're planning for 100-year return
- [00:23:25.459]period of a tsunami.
- [00:23:27.546]So what they're doing,
- [00:23:30.127]they have coastal embankments.
- [00:23:33.229]So instead of a massive seawall,
- [00:23:35.232]they decided to have coastal embankments.
- [00:23:37.892]They have coastal forests,
- [00:23:41.160]evacuation hills,
- [00:23:43.683]elevated roads,
- [00:23:46.019]elevated evacuation facilities,
- [00:23:49.171]and then more evaluated roads.
- [00:23:52.130]These four areas that have yellow,
- [00:23:54.883]those are areas that are being
- [00:23:56.770]filled with disaster debris.
- [00:23:58.773]So they're using recycle materials
- [00:24:00.900]to do these mitigation measures.
- [00:24:04.036]And their idea behind this tsunami dampening is that
- [00:24:07.830]the more obstructions you have
- [00:24:10.157]in the way of the floodwaters as it comes in,
- [00:24:12.736]what do you think will happen?
- [00:24:15.485]It's gonna slow down.
- [00:24:17.085]So the more speed bumps you have,
- [00:24:18.898]the slower the wave would get, right?
- [00:24:21.589]And so that's what they're trying to do.
- [00:24:24.586]This is me
- [00:24:26.579]on this coastal embankment in Sendai.
- [00:24:29.528]You can see here,
- [00:24:30.851]actually, this was last summer.
- [00:24:32.802]So this is the ocean here.
- [00:24:35.775]That's an embankment,
- [00:24:37.203]and this was the coastal forest
- [00:24:40.592]that was there during the tsunami.
- [00:24:43.472]It looks kinda sparse, doesn't it?
- [00:24:45.972]You can see the trees are skill kinda leaning
- [00:24:48.280]from when the water came in.
- [00:24:50.135]So right now, this summer,
- [00:24:52.562]they have begun replanting the trees
- [00:24:54.659]for this coastal forest.
- [00:24:56.945]So when I go back to Japan.
- [00:24:59.663]I've done some tree planting.
- [00:25:01.472]So when I go back to Japan,
- [00:25:03.023]I can visit my babies,
- [00:25:05.074]I have 20 trees in this areas that I planted.
- [00:25:08.794]And then I have I think 30 trees
- [00:25:11.269]in another city areas that I planted.
- [00:25:13.985]So, not only did I learn about what's happening.
- [00:25:16.996]I was able to be involved and give back.
- [00:25:19.471]When I go back, I can say
- [00:25:20.919]I help with the tsunami mitigation in Sendai
- [00:25:24.544]because I planted those trees.
- [00:25:29.331]This is the elevated roadway.
- [00:25:31.231]This was the plan for the elevated roadway.
- [00:25:33.973]They are elevating these roads six meters above sea level.
- [00:25:38.738]How high is six meters?
- [00:25:47.723]18 feet.
- [00:25:49.607]So they're elevating these roadways
- [00:25:51.291]18 feet above what the existing roadway was.
- [00:25:57.373]They have equation towers
- [00:25:59.240]that they are also using as means of protection
- [00:26:04.242]for individuals trying to scape flood waters.
- [00:26:09.487]And then this is a Sendai-Tobu road.
- [00:26:12.475]It's also been elevated.
- [00:26:14.943]You can see on the side that this is the level
- [00:26:18.803]which the original road was,
- [00:26:21.297]and this is the new elevated road.
- [00:26:25.485]Oddly enough, this roadway was still elevated
- [00:26:28.119]from what the sea level was at the coast,
- [00:26:31.996]and it said that this roadway
- [00:26:33.617]served as sort of an embankment,
- [00:26:36.127]and that's where the floodwater that came in Sendai,
- [00:26:38.772]that big picture I showed at the beginning,
- [00:26:40.820]that's where the water stop, at this road.
- [00:26:45.317]To see it a little bit.
- [00:26:48.278]So the green area is where the coastal forest is.
- [00:26:52.928]This red area or red line
- [00:26:55.641]is that first elevated road.
- [00:26:58.251]Those black triangles
- [00:26:59.750]are the elevated evacuation structures,
- [00:27:03.122]and then this black line
- [00:27:05.595]is that Sendai-Tobu road.
- [00:27:08.195]So the floodwaters came from here from the ocean
- [00:27:10.172]all the way into this area.
- [00:27:13.118]So that's how far the tsunami runup was
- [00:27:15.392]in that area in Sendai.
- [00:27:19.968]For reconstruction.
- [00:27:21.767]So there's been many schools of thought.
- [00:27:24.048]And each municipality or each city
- [00:27:26.782]has their own method
- [00:27:27.909]in which they're rebuilding.
- [00:27:29.871]Some are doing like Sendai
- [00:27:31.327]where they're doing multiple obstructions.
- [00:27:33.851]They are doing elevated roads,
- [00:27:35.845]they're doing coastal forests,
- [00:27:38.304]coastal embankments,
- [00:27:39.762]evacuation shelters.
- [00:27:41.583]Some are just doing really big seawalls,
- [00:27:45.605]and moving the residential community
- [00:27:47.415]up into the hillside.
- [00:27:50.546]This is Kesennuma.
- [00:27:52.345]It's in Miyagi Prefecture,
- [00:27:54.168]which is, again, the most heavily affected prefecture.
- [00:27:58.363]In Kesennuma,
- [00:28:00.088]so this is me standing by a building
- [00:28:03.042]that is right across
- [00:28:05.549]the port side of Kesennuma.
- [00:28:07.547]This wall is basically across the street from me.
- [00:28:11.781]This building that I'm standing at,
- [00:28:13.430]can you guys see that blue placard,
- [00:28:16.055]that's where the floodwaters was in that area.
- [00:28:21.370]So, this sea wall, which is right across the street
- [00:28:23.975]from where I'm standing is 11 meters tall.
- [00:28:28.686]So for Kesennuma, they decided
- [00:28:31.902]because they're a fishery community,
- [00:28:34.371]they decided to build a mass of seawall
- [00:28:36.138]as oppose to elevating the ground surface.
- [00:28:41.155]This is Ishinomaki.
- [00:28:43.798]They also decide to do a mass of seawall.
- [00:28:48.050]And these bags here are recycled concrete,
- [00:28:51.505]and that's what they're using for the fill
- [00:28:53.513]inside of that sea wall.
- [00:28:57.044]The shape of the sea wall is different
- [00:28:58.270]from the shape of the other sea wall.
- [00:29:01.825]The design is depending on
- [00:29:04.363]the engineers and contractors within the municipality.
- [00:29:08.035]So, along the coast, the reconstruction...
- [00:29:11.329]Let me back up.
- [00:29:12.233]The reconstruction for this project or this disaster
- [00:29:14.943]is 250 meters of coastline
- [00:29:17.788]has to be reconstruct or rebuilt.
- [00:29:20.620]Each city
- [00:29:22.129]or municipality
- [00:29:23.265]decides on what their seawall
- [00:29:26.060]or what their mitigation measure will look like.
- [00:29:28.305]So you'll see when you go to different areas,
- [00:29:30.035]as you go north along the coast,
- [00:29:32.301]that you may see a different seawall
- [00:29:34.102]as opposed to what you see in the previous city.
- [00:29:36.635]You may see the ground level is being elevated
- [00:29:39.678]as opposed to having a massive seawall,
- [00:29:42.678]and that's what I saw while there.
- [00:29:45.939]This is an embankment,
- [00:29:47.378]and this embankment I believe is eight meters,
- [00:29:50.667]and this is the one in Sendai.
- [00:29:52.169]This is the one I was standing on.
- [00:29:54.657]This is where that coastal forest is.
- [00:29:58.083]And you can see some vegetative debris is still there.
- [00:30:02.189]But the sea wall has been reconstructed and improved.
- [00:30:05.930]I believe the sea wall on this area
- [00:30:07.912]before the disaster was three meters,
- [00:30:10.631]but now it's eight meters.
- [00:30:14.212]This is another area.
- [00:30:15.542]This is Onagawa in Miyagi Prefecture.
- [00:30:19.075]You can see the beginning stages
- [00:30:21.481]of their seawall,
- [00:30:23.219]some recycled concrete here,
- [00:30:25.467]and this black box is also recycled materials.
- [00:30:28.781]In Onagawa, they have decided to do both
- [00:30:31.773]seawall and then ground surface elevation.
- [00:30:38.086]This is also Onagawa.
- [00:30:39.097]When you see little closer
- [00:30:40.049]that they have this concrete,
- [00:30:42.213]recycled concrete bags,
- [00:30:43.501]and that's what they're using in the fill
- [00:30:45.599]of the seawall.
- [00:30:48.732]Minamisanriku
- [00:30:50.868]is a little further north,
- [00:30:52.943]but is still in Miyagi Prefecture.
- [00:30:55.343]In Minamisanriku, they have decided to basically
- [00:30:59.629]elevate the whole city.
- [00:31:01.647]This whole city,
- [00:31:02.480]the ground surface has been raised eight meters.
- [00:31:06.082]So my tour guide and interpreter during this area
- [00:31:09.739]when I was visiting this area,
- [00:31:11.273]he was like, "My mother's house
- [00:31:12.642]"is eight meters underground."
- [00:31:17.664]And this is that Emergency Management Building
- [00:31:20.332]I showed in the beginning of my PowerPoint presentation.
- [00:31:23.745]This area, it's basically like
- [00:31:25.291]they are still rebuilding the whole city,
- [00:31:27.789]and this picture was taken this summer.
- [00:31:29.936]How many years ago did the disaster happen?
- [00:31:34.451]Six years ago.
- [00:31:37.534]Have they gotten that far with reconstruction?
- [00:31:40.628]They haven't.
- [00:31:41.646]Why do you think?
- [00:31:44.267]Are we talking about this
- [00:31:45.293]specific place?
- [00:31:46.984]This specific place,
- [00:31:47.817]but you'll see some other ones too.
- [00:31:49.388]Because I was gonna say
- [00:31:51.268]they're not just doing preventive method
- [00:31:53.790]like an embankment or something like that.
- [00:31:55.119]They're trying to elevate the whole city.
- [00:31:58.514]So if they're raising the whole city by eight meters,
- [00:32:01.086]they need to get that fill from somewhere.
- [00:32:03.389]There wasn't enough recycled materials
- [00:32:05.012]to get it just from the debris.
- [00:32:07.421]So they're also quarrying mountains
- [00:32:09.749]to get some of that fill material.
- [00:32:13.315]So it's taken so long.
- [00:32:14.425]But another reason why it's taken so long is because
- [00:32:17.752]the Olympics is gonna be in Japan in 2020,
- [00:32:22.757]and so they are rebuilding
- [00:32:24.833]and building Olympic stadiums in Tokyo.
- [00:32:28.654]And so, most of the manpower
- [00:32:29.936]that will be rebuilding this area
- [00:32:31.639]because this happened six years ago, right?
- [00:32:34.642]So it's no longer in the news,
- [00:32:36.873]but what's important, what's in the news is
- [00:32:38.750]the Olympic is coming two years.
- [00:32:41.311]So that's where a lot of the manpower is going.
- [00:32:43.168]So, the reconstruction in many of these areas
- [00:32:46.204]is kinda stagnant.
- [00:32:49.633]This is more of that same city.
- [00:32:53.194]One thing to note in this particular city,
- [00:32:56.912]the ocean is here,
- [00:32:59.059]or the bay.
- [00:33:00.239]Sanriku bay is here.
- [00:33:02.173]This river,
- [00:33:04.900]when the tsunami came in,
- [00:33:06.729]the water came into that river,
- [00:33:08.610]and it overflowed on both sides.
- [00:33:11.565]So I mean that's why it damaged the whole city,
- [00:33:13.830]because the river overflowed.
- [00:33:16.620]And so, in areas like Minamisanriku
- [00:33:19.732]and also Otsuchi,
- [00:33:21.030]so you have a picture of Otsuchi,
- [00:33:22.992]they had similar issues where they the rivers,
- [00:33:25.613]the tsunami floodwaters came into a narrow waterway.
- [00:33:30.623]And if you have something that is moving fast,
- [00:33:33.531]and then confine it into narrow pathway, what happens?
- [00:33:39.332]Does it speed up or does it slow down?
- [00:33:41.630]It speeds up,
- [00:33:42.463]so it become more destructive.
- [00:33:44.702]So that's what happened here in the city.
- [00:33:49.245]This is more disaster debris
- [00:33:51.263]being used for seawalls.
- [00:33:53.223]This is Kamaishi.
- [00:33:55.906]This is another part of Kamaishi.
- [00:33:58.476]You'll see that the shape of the seawall
- [00:34:00.157]is a little bit different
- [00:34:00.990]from the ones that we saw previously, right?
- [00:34:04.622]Also in Kamaishi, part of their seawall reconstruction.
- [00:34:08.870]They decided to do something different.
- [00:34:11.146]They were thinking about the people in the area,
- [00:34:13.533]because these are massive walls.
- [00:34:14.956]I think this one is 11 meters tall,
- [00:34:19.569]so for people that live along the waterway...
- [00:34:22.147]This is the fishery communities.
- [00:34:23.440]Their livelihood is the waterways, right?
- [00:34:26.910]So, if you're used to seeing the water,
- [00:34:28.623]and now they build massive seawalls,
- [00:34:30.536]what do you do?
- [00:34:37.567]Well, yeah,
- [00:34:38.616]there's opening for you to drive down,
- [00:34:40.435]but it's not an open
- [00:34:42.628]waterway anymore.
- [00:34:43.461]So, you can't live along the waterway.
- [00:34:44.847]There's no beachfront communities now
- [00:34:48.216]for this.
- [00:34:49.397]But what Kamaishi decide to do
- [00:34:52.547]is they decide to put windows
- [00:34:55.477]on parts of the wall.
- [00:34:58.657]So, you can see it,
- [00:35:02.111]and this is actually right
- [00:35:03.789]across the street from my hotel,
- [00:35:05.236]but you can see the port.
- [00:35:07.529]Yes, sir?
- [00:35:08.694]Would you happen to know,
- [00:35:10.804]were there anything special about those windows
- [00:35:13.329]that keep it structurally sustainable?
- [00:35:15.164]Yeah, so these are triple pane windows
- [00:35:17.758]but they are impact resistant.
- [00:35:22.003]Yeah, because with tsunami,
- [00:35:23.346]you have to worry about water-borne debris,
- [00:35:25.884]and then becoming projectiles,
- [00:35:28.442]so that's what happened to
- [00:35:30.165]a lot of the things that were destroyed because
- [00:35:32.617]the flood waters were lifting houses and buildings,
- [00:35:34.738]and then those become bombs to other structures
- [00:35:37.449]that they run into.
- [00:35:38.491]Hand raised.
- [00:35:40.277]Who decided like on these
- [00:35:42.420](mumbles) three different types of walls.
- [00:35:44.823]So why the difference?
- [00:35:46.661]The difference is
- [00:35:47.631]they are different municipality governments.
- [00:35:50.310]They have different resources in terms of contractors,
- [00:35:53.691]and then also the University community,
- [00:35:56.309]academic communities are also advising them.
- [00:35:59.525]Basically, construction is a bid,
- [00:36:01.855]a bid game, right?
- [00:36:02.688]So whoever bids the best,
- [00:36:04.418]and has the best solution,
- [00:36:05.986]that's what the community will go with.
- [00:36:07.927]So, it's a bid game.
- [00:36:11.206]Yes sir?
- [00:36:13.029]My name is (mumbles).
- [00:36:17.896]And my question to you is how does that affect the economy
- [00:36:20.462]with the construction and reconstruction that's going on?
- [00:36:24.211]We have to elevated the city
- [00:36:25.715]while everyone has jobs, working,
- [00:36:29.517]have goods that are being transported.
- [00:36:31.521]Does that affect the currency that's going on?
- [00:36:35.059]Does that affect the infrastructure at all?
- [00:36:37.784]Okay, so...
- [00:36:39.237]Thank you for your question.
- [00:36:40.557]It does affect,
- [00:36:42.353]but for Japan, their governmental working
- [00:36:45.214]is different from us.
- [00:36:46.330]So the national government basically gave
- [00:36:49.196]these cities money to do things with.
- [00:36:51.890]So, it's different from here.
- [00:36:53.554]We get federal assistantship
- [00:36:55.453]as federal assistance as local residents.
- [00:37:00.023]The national government gives money
- [00:37:01.537]to the local government.
- [00:37:03.123]And they say, "You're gonna use this money
- [00:37:05.123]"for rebuilding."
- [00:37:06.925](mumbles)
- [00:37:08.015]I'm sorry?
- [00:37:08.848]It's a grant basically.
- [00:37:10.216]It's basically a grand, yes,
- [00:37:12.141]but it's given to the governmental officials
- [00:37:14.573]to do what they need to do for the city
- [00:37:17.395]or the municipality.
- [00:37:19.080]So,
- [00:37:21.844]there is an effect on community
- [00:37:23.633]because it's taking so long to rebuild,
- [00:37:26.005]that's one thing.
- [00:37:27.304]Because it's taking so long,
- [00:37:28.296]this disaster happened six years ago.
- [00:37:30.656]So because it's taking so long to rebuild,
- [00:37:33.108]people have reestablished to other places.
- [00:37:35.606]So it means they've lost employees,
- [00:37:37.951]they have lost income coming in to their area.
- [00:37:41.936]So it does have effect,
- [00:37:43.269]but the amount of the effect,
- [00:37:45.098]I don't know.
- [00:37:47.711]Sorry, economy is not my focus,
- [00:37:49.919]but if you're really interested,
- [00:37:51.907]I can get that information for you.
- [00:37:53.417]Thank you.
- [00:37:56.197]This is Otsuchi.
- [00:37:57.887]This is another area but this is north.
- [00:38:00.433]So this is now in Iwate Prefecture.
- [00:38:03.835]This is Otsuchi Bay,
- [00:38:06.785]and this picture was taken this summer.
- [00:38:10.052]There is
- [00:38:14.007]one local business here, and one house.
- [00:38:18.889]In Otsuchi, only 1/3 the population has comeback,
- [00:38:22.712]or plans to comeback.
- [00:38:24.902]So, basically in a lot of these areas that are rebuilding,
- [00:38:28.539]they're rebuilding ghost towns
- [00:38:30.205]because the residents have now reestablished themselves.
- [00:38:33.734]So if you were a child,
- [00:38:35.933]and you were born when the disaster happened,
- [00:38:38.683]you're basically a first grader now.
- [00:38:40.768]So you're parents aren't gonna want to move you
- [00:38:43.326]back to where you used to live
- [00:38:44.965]because you've already reestablished yourself
- [00:38:48.395]in this new community.
- [00:38:49.867]So, that's what I saw in a lot of these areas that
- [00:38:53.061]they're rebuilding.
- [00:38:54.085]So in Otsuchi,
- [00:38:56.333]they're also building massive embankment and seawalls .
- [00:38:59.924]But in terms of the residents,
- [00:39:03.039]they own land but no one is coming back.
- [00:39:10.423]This is Mayaku.
- [00:39:12.823]So, in addition to using debris to
- [00:39:17.688]assist with the reconstruction of
- [00:39:19.584]coastal embankments and seawalls,
- [00:39:21.745]they're also reusing debris for memorial parks.
- [00:39:25.557]So this
- [00:39:28.413]is a river gate or water gate here.
- [00:39:30.705]A newly constructed water gate.
- [00:39:32.805]This picture shows components of the damage
- [00:39:35.399]of previous water gate.
- [00:39:37.307]They basically have set it aside
- [00:39:39.395]to make a memorial park.
- [00:39:41.520]So in several areas, they're also recycling,
- [00:39:43.587]reusing debris for memorial parks.
- [00:39:48.575]This is Taro.
- [00:39:50.259]This is also up north in Japan,
- [00:39:53.056]in Iwate prefecture.
- [00:39:54.914]The importance of this picture is
- [00:39:57.136]that this is the seawall,
- [00:39:59.483]you see they have rehabilitate it.
- [00:40:01.378]This was the existing seawall.
- [00:40:03.291]They have rehabilitate that seawall,
- [00:40:05.731]but they have moved the coastal community
- [00:40:07.767]all the way up in the hill side.
- [00:40:14.660]And this is almost the tip of the
- [00:40:18.727]Hongo Island of Japan,
- [00:40:20.853]right before you get to Hokkaido.
- [00:40:23.502]This is Kuji.
- [00:40:25.161]In Kuji, this is a river gate,
- [00:40:29.211]and this placard like on that building
- [00:40:31.380]shows where the water was.
- [00:40:34.006]The river gate is here.
- [00:40:36.173]The water came up here.
- [00:40:38.389]So, the tsunami floodwaters flooded over the river gate.
- [00:40:42.476]But luckily in this area, the city is offset.
- [00:40:46.187]So right behind
- [00:40:47.984]this river gate is a coastal forest.
- [00:40:50.916]So although the tsunami floodwaters
- [00:40:52.532]came over the river gate,
- [00:40:54.349]the coastal forest slowed down the tsunami floodwaters.
- [00:40:57.897]So in Kuji, that city,
- [00:40:59.869]they said if the water level came up
- [00:41:01.421]to I think their calves, their legs.
- [00:41:03.640]So it wasn't as high as some of the other areas.
- [00:41:08.539]This is also in Kuji,
- [00:41:09.590]a closer look at another part of the city.
- [00:41:13.580]And see, the front water wasn't as high.
- [00:41:17.886]So, during my time there in Japan,
- [00:41:20.035]I've been learning about how they're rebuilding,
- [00:41:23.054]how they're recycling, reusing debris for reconstruction,
- [00:41:26.172]and what technologies they're coming up
- [00:41:28.008]to recycle and reuse debris for the reconstruction.
- [00:41:34.213]So just to summarize what I'm doing in my Fulbright.
- [00:41:38.045]I'm learning about what's happening
- [00:41:39.240]in these two affected prefectures,
- [00:41:41.415]both Miyagi and Iwate.
- [00:41:43.809]Again, I still haven't seen Fukushima.
- [00:41:46.450]There's still some issues going on with contamination,
- [00:41:49.562]and it's restricted to go to certain areas.
- [00:41:52.959]But the two areas that I have been studying so far,
- [00:41:56.878]they have successfully managed their debris.
- [00:42:00.226]They're recycling and reusing
- [00:42:01.479]both concrete and tsunami deposits
- [00:42:04.258]for the reestablishment and reconstruction of their cities.
- [00:42:08.932]And also, they're coming up with new technologies
- [00:42:12.271]in which they recycle and reuse debris.
- [00:42:14.262]Some are using the concrete debris in bags,
- [00:42:17.563]and filling it into their seawalls.
- [00:42:19.836]Some are using it in coastal embankment.
- [00:42:22.515]For some of the memorial parks,
- [00:42:23.862]they have mixed debris
- [00:42:25.073]that they are compacting and using that as
- [00:42:28.828]coastal embankment areas or coastal forests.
- [00:42:32.081]So these are lessons that we can learn
- [00:42:34.379]from what do you do to overwhelming amounts of debris.
- [00:42:37.313]And then we can compare that
- [00:42:38.323]with what we're doing here,
- [00:42:39.619]what we have done with disasters here.
- [00:42:45.264]This past summer, as I said,
- [00:42:47.364]hopefully some of you can join me in this work.
- [00:42:50.647]Thanks to the support of the national science foundation,
- [00:42:53.003]I was able to take eight students with me to Japan
- [00:42:56.197]for one week.
- [00:42:58.750]We basically toured all of these cities,
- [00:43:01.121]and my students got to see what it is I'm studying.
- [00:43:05.763]Actually, seven students and one high school teacher,
- [00:43:08.200]but she's applying to grad school.
- [00:43:09.586]So I'm trying to bring her in as a graduate student.
- [00:43:12.872]But this was a summer reconnaissance experience.
- [00:43:15.196]So that students, both undergraduates
- [00:43:17.263]and beginning master students,
- [00:43:19.424]can learn about what I'm doing in disaster mitigation,
- [00:43:21.907]and disaster recovery research
- [00:43:24.473]in the hopes of encouraging them to consider this
- [00:43:28.258]as a field of a study or a career field.
- [00:43:34.032]So I like to thank all those that
- [00:43:37.762]had a hand in me learning this information
- [00:43:40.698]and acknowledge those that have been helpful in me,
- [00:43:43.485]collecting the data while they're in Japan.
- [00:43:46.949]But before I completely end,
- [00:43:50.944]that's the end but it's not the end.
- [00:43:54.882]Can you guys tell who this is?
- [00:43:57.669]Does it look like me?
- [00:44:01.943]So that's me.
- [00:44:02.776]I went to Kyoto and
- [00:44:05.439]got this done.
- [00:44:06.626]But I want to tell you guys one last thing before I end,
- [00:44:11.441]about the search project,
- [00:44:13.439]which is a newly funded NSF project
- [00:44:15.766]that will allow me and my colleagues
- [00:44:18.899]to include graduate students in our research.
- [00:44:23.554]The goals of this is to increase the number
- [00:44:25.936]of minority graduate students in STEM
- [00:44:28.098]that are doing disaster mitigation research.
- [00:44:32.356]We have a Twitter page, and a Facebook.
- [00:44:34.648]If you're interested in learning more about
- [00:44:36.751]how you can be involved in this research,
- [00:44:39.639]please check out our Facebook or our Twitter page.
- [00:44:43.470]And I think I will stop there,
- [00:44:47.083]and answer questions.
- [00:44:48.026]I just have miscellaneous pictures at the end.
The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!
You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.
- Tags:
- ntc
- matc
- nebraska transportation center
- mid-america transportation center
- matc scholars program
- scholars program
- terri norton
- durham school of architectural engineering and construction
- structural dynamics
- civil engineering
- tsunami
- earthquake
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