SPSS for Beginners Part 1

RStatsInstitute Author

05/31/2016 Added

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Introduction to using SPSS

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[00:00:01.451]In this video, I'm gonna provide
[00:00:02.781]an introduction to SPSS and PSW.
[00:00:05.648]So first off, let me just say that regarding the name,
[00:00:08.609]SPSS,
[00:00:09.811]PSW,
[00:00:10.961]two different names for the same program.
[00:00:13.037]And I'm gonna refer to it as SPSS.
[00:00:15.544]Now I'm working on version eighteen
[00:00:17.240]which it should be basically the same as slightly older
[00:00:20.487]and slightly newer versions.
[00:00:22.391]And, let me just say this introduction is more for people
[00:00:25.188]who've had little to no experience with SPSS.
[00:00:28.312]In future videos, things will get more advanced.
[00:00:30.935]So first off, what is SPSS?
[00:00:33.908]Well it's a pretty popular program
[00:00:36.091]for statistical analysis.
[00:00:37.935]It's used most often in the behavioral sciences
[00:00:39.805]like psychology.
[00:00:41.210]But it can do lots of different things
[00:00:42.870]and it works well for a lots of different fields.
[00:00:45.529]And it's great because you can do really complex
[00:00:48.350]statistical analyses with just a few mouse clicks.
[00:00:51.113]The downside is that you're pretty far-removed
[00:00:53.226]from the actual calculations.
[00:00:55.455]For that reason, these videos are gonna focus
[00:00:57.245]mostly on just how to use SPSS.
[00:01:00.101]If you want more of a conceptual explanation
[00:01:02.144]of a different statistical procedures,
[00:01:04.362]I recommend you check out my other series of videos,
[00:01:06.788]"Excel for Statistics."
[00:01:09.038]Now if you * SPSS
[00:01:10.164]like I said, it's pretty easy to run analyses
[00:01:13.538]but your data has to be set up in just the right way.
[00:01:16.917]And when you do run the analyses,
[00:01:18.496]you often get a lot more than you need in the output window.
[00:01:21.980]So a trick to using this program is knowing where to look
[00:01:24.324]for relevant information.
[00:01:26.704]So let's start with the basics.
[00:01:27.958]There are two view modes to SPSS: there's data view
[00:01:30.675]and variable view.
[00:01:32.637]Data view, which we're in right now, is basically just
[00:01:35.215]a spreadsheet.
[00:01:36.399]And this is where you see all your data
[00:01:37.977]and this is where you enter in all your data.
[00:01:40.334]Each row is dedicated to one participant
[00:01:43.202]or subject or case.
[00:01:44.922]And each column is dedicated to a different variable
[00:01:49.460]or type of measurement
[00:01:50.574]you're taking from
[00:01:51.596]each one of the participants.
[00:01:54.499]So just try popping in some numbers.
[00:01:56.437]I'll just do 1, 2, 3.
[00:01:58.170](keyboard clicking)
[00:02:00.203]You'll see that as you enter in
[00:02:01.956]a number in a column,
[00:02:03.315]that column kind of comes to life.
[00:02:05.578]The variable automatically gets named
[00:02:07.459]and its properties are set by default.
[00:02:10.025]However, notice the name is "VAR00001."
[00:02:15.092]That stands for, "Variable 1."
[00:02:16.787]If you type in more numbers,
[00:02:18.232](keyboard click)
[00:02:20.212]more property or more variables will get defined
[00:02:22.533]and their default names will be "Variable 2," "Variable 3,"
[00:02:25.111]"Variable 4."
[00:02:26.922]This can get kind of confusing
[00:02:28.048]especially if you have lots of variables
[00:02:30.045]and they're all named
[00:02:31.486]almost exactly the same thing.
[00:02:33.507]And also,
[00:02:34.389]the default properties we create
[00:02:35.869]may not be exactly what you want.
[00:02:37.255]So we should learn how to change some of those things.
[00:02:40.180]So we change them in variable view.
[00:02:42.119]We can get to that just by clicking on that little button
[00:02:44.477]in the lower left.
[00:02:45.310](mouse click)
[00:02:48.088]This lists all your variables
[00:02:49.828]in rows.
[00:02:51.431]And all the properties are in columns.
[00:02:54.170]And I'm just gonna go ahead and delete variable 2
[00:02:55.911]'cause we don't need that right now.
[00:02:57.886]The first property
[00:02:58.965]and probably one of the more important ones is, "Name."
[00:03:02.785]I recommend you change this immediately
[00:03:04.992]to something more descriptive.
[00:03:07.092]You can call it anything you want and
[00:03:08.323]it just can't have spaces in it, special characters,
[00:03:12.746]and it can't start with a number.
[00:03:14.988]So just double click on that and just highlight it.
[00:03:17.147]You can change it to something.
[00:03:19.985]You don't need to worry about
[00:03:22.315]what it does and doesn't allow
[00:03:23.719]'cause if you do something it doesn't like,
[00:03:25.821]like having a space,
[00:03:27.912](keyboard clicking)
[00:03:29.744]if you hit enter,
[00:03:31.134]it'll say, "Variable name contains an illegal character."
[00:03:35.140]So just try something else.
[00:03:37.938]I'll try, "Random_Name."
[00:03:42.040]Camelcase works equally well.
[00:03:44.821]So now we have a slightly more descriptive name
[00:03:47.085]which will help us differentiate our different variables.
[00:03:51.240]If you want something even more descriptive,
[00:03:52.843]you can go over here to, "Label,"
[00:03:54.991]and here you can call it literally anything you want.
[00:04:00.842]There's no restrictions on what you call it.
[00:04:03.640]When you run analyses,
[00:04:05.509]this name will show up in the output window.
[00:04:08.668]It's not gonna show up in data view.
[00:04:11.105]In data view, you just have whatever the name is.
[00:04:15.249]But the label will show up in the output window
[00:04:16.702]which can help you further differentiate between your
[00:04:18.584]different variables.
[00:04:21.020]So, another important property is type.
[00:04:25.911]Type reflects what kind of data you're dealing with.
[00:04:30.091]The default is numeric,
[00:04:32.750]which indicates you're dealing with numbers.
[00:04:34.816]You can also change this to dates,
[00:04:37.510]if you're recording dates.
[00:04:38.717]Or dollar amounts, or a string variable.
[00:04:42.212]Which is basically letters or words.
[00:04:45.498]And honestly for the most part,
[00:04:46.437]if you're analyzing data,
[00:04:48.295]I think numeric will be okay for most of what you're doing.
[00:04:52.290]And probably only the other type of property you need
[00:04:56.817]to worry about right now is measure.
[00:04:58.770]Which is over on the right.
[00:05:02.323]Now this specifies what scale of measurement you're using.
[00:05:06.072]A stats book will usually tell you that the 4 scales
[00:05:09.068]of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
[00:05:12.911]If you wanna know more about that,
[00:05:14.025]I recommend you just find a stats book and read about it.
[00:05:17.729]The only thing I'll say about it right now
[00:05:19.146]is that SPSS,
[00:05:20.492]in SPSS, nominal means nominal,
[00:05:23.069]ordinal means ordinal,
[00:05:24.591]but if you're dealing with interval or ratio scales,
[00:05:28.608]SPSS has the same setting for both of those.
[00:05:31.069]It calls them both Scale.
[00:05:33.193]And for the most part,
[00:05:34.026]you'll be okay leaving this up to scale.
[00:05:37.234]I'll quickly mention some of the other properties.
[00:05:40.014]Width, over here on the left.
[00:05:44.374]This specifies how wide or narrow your column will be.
[00:05:49.516]Or sorry, how wide or narrow the entries can be
[00:05:52.779]if you're dealing with string variables.
[00:05:55.634]Which we're not, we can just forget about that.
[00:05:58.235]Decimals, specifies how many decimal places will show.
[00:06:02.801]Columns, that's what specifies how wide or narrow
[00:06:06.374]your columns will be in data view.
[00:06:08.777]I find it kind of redundant though 'cause you can just
[00:06:10.554]modify that in data view with your cursor.
[00:06:13.700]Just moving it around like that.
[00:06:16.034]So not too necessary.
[00:06:18.495]Align,
[00:06:20.491]right here.
[00:06:22.686]It just left justifies, right justifies, or center justifies
[00:06:26.611]the numbers in each cell in the spreadsheet in data view.
[00:06:30.070]Just the same way that Excel or Microsoft Word would do.
[00:06:33.623]And for the most part, I leave these at default.
[00:06:36.282]There are some other properties like "Values" and "Missing."
[00:06:40.902]Which can be pretty useful.
[00:06:42.122]There's also "Role" over here on the right.
[00:06:44.600]We'll get to those in later videos.
[00:06:46.457]For now, don't worry about them.
[00:06:48.663]So when you're dealing with SPSS,
[00:06:49.963]you're pretty much just switching back and forth
[00:06:52.100]between variable view and data view.
[00:06:56.523]You can also get to variable view from data view
[00:06:58.424]just by clicking on the variable name.
[00:07:02.082]It will take you right back there.
[00:07:03.251]And you can get back to data view by clicking
[00:07:04.830]on each row of the variable.
[00:07:09.555]So that's pretty much the basics of SPSS,
[00:07:12.795]in terms of at least navigating and what everything is.
[00:07:15.593]In the next video, we'll start plugging in numbers
[00:07:17.207]and running some calculations.

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SPSS for Beginners Part 1

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