Oomycete Disease Diagnostics Introduction

Don Lee Author

05/27/2016 Added

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Introduction to the Oomycete Disease Diagnostics website. For more information please follow the link: https://ge.unl.edu/oomycete-disease-diagnostics/

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[00:00:04.199]Hello, this is Don Lee
[00:00:05.615]from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln,
[00:00:08.018]and I'm gonna be your presenter for this lesson
[00:00:11.699]on oomycete disease diagnostics.
[00:00:14.718]The lesson is divided into these four parts,
[00:00:16.842]and you will have the chance to learn about
[00:00:20.290]the science and technology being developed
[00:00:23.890]by the three colleagues that I've got pictured below.
[00:00:27.895]Alison Robertson at Iowa State University,
[00:00:30.541]Loren Giesler at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln,
[00:00:34.036]and Martin Chilvers, and most of the work I'll
[00:00:36.834]present here will be based on the work
[00:00:39.133]of Martin and his team at Michigan State University.
[00:00:42.756]And what Alison, Martin, and Loren all have in common
[00:00:46.122]is an expertise in plant disease, helping producers,
[00:00:52.218]and the professionals that work with those producers
[00:00:54.569]better understand the nature of the biology
[00:00:58.275]of the disease, and potential management solutions
[00:01:02.710]that they can come to minimize the impact if this disease.
[00:01:06.521]So I'll try to set up the learning that you're gonna
[00:01:10.539]have the opportunity to undertake in this lesson.
[00:01:15.240]And so this is the fourth lesson
[00:01:17.597]in our oomycete learning environment.
[00:01:20.048]And what I wanted to do is start
[00:01:22.149]with kinda painting the big picture
[00:01:25.168]of the magnitude of Oomycete disease,
[00:01:28.373]and revisit some information we
[00:01:31.495]shared with you in lesson one.
[00:01:34.549]It was an article published in the Plant Management Network
[00:01:37.951]by these two authors, Wrather and Koenning.
[00:01:42.212]They're experts in the science
[00:01:45.788]and probably to some extent the art
[00:01:49.688]of estimating yield loss due to disease.
[00:01:53.450]And they've got a variety of methods that they
[00:01:56.666]collectively employ to try to estimate this yield loss.
[00:02:02.970]They use surveys, they use research plot data,
[00:02:07.591]information from diagnostic clinics, questionnaires
[00:02:12.177]to Crop Consultants Agronymous,
[00:02:14.847]and university extension staff,
[00:02:17.053]and that combined information helps them
[00:02:19.573]come up with an annual estimate of the magnitude
[00:02:23.705]of grainial loss that could be attributed
[00:02:27.897]to various soybean diseases.
[00:02:31.415]So if we're gonna be thinking about the numbers
[00:02:33.794]that they share in this publication in their ongoing work,
[00:02:39.728]we need to have an idea of the magnitude
[00:02:42.130]of soybean productivity in the United States.
[00:02:45.266]So I pulled this data table, or this figure, excuse me,
[00:02:51.012]from the USDA, and we can see that then
[00:02:54.008]in recent years, farmers have been getting
[00:02:56.690]40 bushels per acre, and that would
[00:02:59.093]be a decent per acre estimate of productivity.
[00:03:04.886]And, 80 million acres of soybeans were planted.
[00:03:12.815]So if we were conservative and said
[00:03:16.867]that 40 bushels would be an expected level
[00:03:21.453]of productivity, we have that number of acres.
[00:03:25.529]So let's do the math here.
[00:03:26.992]So 80 million acres, 40 bushels per acre,
[00:03:33.250]multiply 'em, and you've got an estimate
[00:03:36.431]of the productivity that farmers are harvesting
[00:03:42.595]on an annual basis from their soybean fields,
[00:03:45.452]3.2 billion bushels.
[00:03:47.948]Okay, so with that number in mind,
[00:03:49.991]now we can take a look at information
[00:03:53.126]from data that these scientists have shared.
[00:03:57.410]Okay, I actually have combined data on just a few
[00:04:00.695]of the diseases that they listed
[00:04:02.913]out in three different tables.
[00:04:04.654]So in order to see all the data we'll have
[00:04:06.256]to kinda work our way through these tables.
[00:04:10.611]So just as a reference point, their first year
[00:04:13.036]in this publication was 1996, okay,
[00:04:17.038]and we can see that various diseases
[00:04:19.906]had various levels of impact.
[00:04:23.257]Soybean cyst nematode, a major problem currently
[00:04:28.555]for farmers, was the major problem back in 1996.
[00:04:33.269]Rust wasn't affecting any soybean acres at that at time.
[00:04:39.677]So let's kinda work our way through this data,
[00:04:43.671]and I want you to pay particular attention
[00:04:46.353]to soybean diseases, okay, pretty big numbers there.
[00:04:51.612]So as we look at the data that they've generated,
[00:04:56.257]we can see that these problems just don't seem to go away.
[00:04:59.252]Seedling diseases continue to be a problem.
[00:05:02.398]Cyst nematodes continue to be a problem.
[00:05:05.335]If we take a look at these numbers,
[00:05:08.597]of the total loss estimated, we can see
[00:05:11.558]that compared to the harvested productivity,
[00:05:17.735]you know that's in that 10% range, sometimes higher.
[00:05:21.833]And so loss to disease seems to be a significant problem.
[00:05:25.676]If you look at their complete data then,
[00:05:28.160]into a more recent era, ending in in 2007,
[00:05:34.500]we can see that now some diseases
[00:05:38.203]that weren't a problem, have arrived
[00:05:40.375]in the United States and are a new problem
[00:05:43.393]for farmers to deal with.
[00:05:45.077]Old problems like cyst nematode resistance,
[00:05:48.293]like pytophthora, root rot, and like the seedling diseases,
[00:05:53.760]just don't go away, and that's 2007, so almost 10 years ago.
[00:05:59.821]And we can take a look at some more recent updates
[00:06:03.699]to their data, but what we find is the story still persists.
[00:06:08.273]We still have cyst nematode as a major problem,
[00:06:11.397]but seedling diseases continue
[00:06:14.357]to be one of the top three problems
[00:06:16.481]that farmers encounter in their fields.
[00:06:20.116]And now with the advent of being
[00:06:22.577]able to collect data and share it rapidly
[00:06:24.561]on the internet, we can go to an online resource
[00:06:28.498]that these researchers can continue to contribute to,
[00:06:38.819]and if we check out the 2014 data that they have available,
[00:06:44.601]we can see that, again the seedling diseases
[00:06:49.926]continue to be an ongoing problem,
[00:06:53.366]pytophthora diseases continue to be a problem.
[00:06:56.721]So even though there are new solutions
[00:07:02.422]that come in, these pathogens don't give up.
[00:07:06.799]They continue to present a challenge to soybean farmers.
[00:07:11.536]And so it's critical that farmers be able
[00:07:14.787]to identify when these problems are occurring
[00:07:17.899]in their fields, and explore batter ways
[00:07:20.638]of diagnosing the actual cause of the problem,
[00:07:24.957]and then explore potential solutions to that problem.
[00:07:28.637]And you'll get a chance to investigate in more detail
[00:07:33.525]how this diagnostic process is best conducted,
[00:07:38.645]and how new technologies that involve analysis
[00:07:43.580]of seed treatments and DNA based diagnostics
[00:07:49.802]are emerging from the research labs
[00:07:52.577]of people like Dr. Chilvers.
[00:07:54.876]So I'll make this our wrap-up for the introduction,
[00:08:02.760]and let you work your way
[00:08:04.245]through oomycete disease diagnostics.

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