Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide
Sheryl WuDunn
Author
02/24/2016
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896
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Description
The first Asian-American reporter to win a Pulitzer Prize, Sheryl WuDunn has journeyed through several industries, from banking to journalism and book writing. Her latest book, “A Path Appears,” is about spreading opportunity and making a difference in the world. Her previous book, the best-selling “Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide,” (co-written with her husband, Nicholas Kristof,) had an immense impact on exposing the plight of oppressed peoples around the globe, sparking activism and a new sense of awareness worldwide. Thanks to the book’s popularity and global impact, it soon grew into a multi-platform digital media effort that now includes a highly popular documentary series on PBS, mobile games and an online social media game on Facebook.
http://enthompson.unl.edu/
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- [00:00:06.072]>> TODAY YOU ARE PART OF AN IMPORTANT CONVERSATION ABOUT OUR
- [00:00:09.976]SHARED FUTURE.
- [00:00:12.112]THE E.N. THOMPSON FORUM, PROMOTING UNDERSTANDING AND
- [00:00:24.424]ENCOURAGING DIVERSITY.
- [00:00:25.992]SINCE ITS INCEPTION, HUNDREDS OF DISTINGUISHED SPEAKERS HAVE
- [00:00:32.165]JOINED US, MAKING THIS FORUM ONE OF THE PRESENT EMINENT FORUMS IN
- [00:00:38.204]HIGHER EDUCATION.
- [00:00:40.206]IT STARTED WHEN E.N. THOMPSON IMAGINED A FORUM ON GLOBAL
- [00:00:44.344]ISSUES THAT WOULD INCREASED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURES AND
- [00:00:47.113]EVENTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD.
- [00:00:49.582]HIS PERSPECTIVE WAS INFLUENCED BY HIS TRAVELS, HIS ROLE IN
- [00:00:53.987]HELPING TO FOUND THE UNITED NATIONS AND HIS WORK.
- [00:01:01.094]AS PRESIDENT OF THE FOUNDATION IN LINCOLN, HE PLACED
- [00:01:05.799]SUBSTANTIAL FUNDING INTO THE FORUM AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
- [00:01:09.803]NEBRASKA CENTER FOR PERFORMING ARTS AGREED TO COULD HE SPONSOR.
- [00:01:14.541]LATER JACK AND HIS WIFE CREATED THE FAMILY FUND TO SUPPORT THE
- [00:01:19.913]FORUM AND ALL ITS FORUMS.
- [00:01:22.449]TODAY MAJOR SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY THE COOPER FOUNDATION, LIED
- [00:01:27.587]CENTER FOR PERFORMING ARTS AND UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN.
- [00:01:32.192]WE HOPE THESE TALKS SPARK AN EXCITING CONVERSATION AMONG YOU.
- [00:01:37.464]AND NOW, ON WITH THE SHOW.
- [00:02:00.687]>> E.N. THOMPSON FORUM ON WORLD ISSUES.
- [00:02:03.523]FOR MORE THAN A QUARTER CENTURY THE UNIVERSITY AND THE COOPER
- [00:02:06.226]FOUNDATION HAVE PARTNERED WITH THE CENTER FOR PERFORMING ARTS
- [00:02:09.095]TO MAKE THIS FORUM POSSIBLE.
- [00:02:10.964]TONIGHT WE ARE PLEASED TO BE JOINED BY THESE COSPONSORS, THE
- [00:02:14.367]UNL WOMEN'S CENTER, THE CENTER FOR CIVIC ENGAGEMENT, AND THE
- [00:02:19.439]UNL COLLEGE OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS.
- [00:02:21.774]THIS YEAR AS YOU KNOW, THE E.N.
- [00:02:23.910]THOMPSON FORUM SPEAKERS HAVE BEEN FOCUSING ON THE THEME OF
- [00:02:27.447]ACTIVISM.
- [00:02:27.814]IT'S MY PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE YOU TO A CHAMPION AMONG
- [00:02:32.585]ACTIVISTS.
- [00:02:34.120]THE FIRST ASIAN AMERICAN PULITZER PRIZE WINNING REPORTER
- [00:02:37.891]SHERYL WuDUNN HAS JOURNEYED THROUGH BANKING FROM JOURNALISM
- [00:02:41.261]TO BOOK WRITING.
- [00:02:42.562]SHE'S USED HER TALENT AS A WRITER, SPEAKER AND THOUGHT
- [00:02:45.832]LEADER TO ADVOCATE FOR THOSE WITHOUT THE RESOURCES TO
- [00:02:48.768]ADVOCATE FOR THEMSELVES.
- [00:02:50.403]SHE WAS SELECTED AS ONE OF NEWS WEEK'S 150 WOMEN WHO SHAKE THE
- [00:02:56.142]WORMED.
- [00:02:56.476]SHE'S HELPED RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT THE CHALLENGES FACING
- [00:02:58.144]WOMEN.
- [00:02:58.444]HER BEST SELLING BOOKS INCLUDE, A PATH APPEARS, ABOUT SPREADING
- [00:03:01.915]OPPORTUNITY AND MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD.
- [00:03:04.484]AND HALF THE SKY, ABOUT OPPRESSION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS
- [00:03:08.154]AROUND THE WORLD.
- [00:03:09.255]A HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS EXECUTIVE, SHE CURRENTLY WORKS
- [00:03:13.192]WITH ENTREPRENEURS IN THE MEDIA, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
- [00:03:16.930]AT MID MEDIA SECURITIES, A SMALL INVESTMENT BANKING BOUTIQUE IN
- [00:03:20.533]NEW YORK CITY.
- [00:03:21.334]THIS EVENING AFTER HER REMARKS YOU'LL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO
- [00:03:24.871]ASK HER QUESTIONS VIA TWITTER USING THE HASHTAG E.N. THOMPSON
- [00:03:28.942]FORUM AND FOLLOWING HER TALK, SHE HAS AGREED TO AUTOGRAPH
- [00:03:34.113]BOOKS IN THE SECOND FLOOR LOBBY.
- [00:03:35.748]THE TITLE OF THIS EVENING'S PRESENTATION IS HALF THE SKY:
- [00:03:39.953]TURNING OPPRESSION INTO OPPORTUNITY FOR WOMEN WORLDWIDE.
- [00:03:43.089]PLEASE JOIN ME IN GIVING A WARM NEBRASKA WELCOME TO SHERYL
- [00:03:49.963]WuDUNN.
- [00:03:50.530][ APPLAUSE ] >> WELCOME.
- [00:04:01.741]>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, I AM DELIGHTED TO BE HERE AND I WANT
- [00:04:04.844]TO THANK THE ORGANIZERS FOR ALLOWING ME TO COME ON THIS
- [00:04:09.415]BEAUTIFUL WEATHER DAY INSTEAD OF THE SNOWSTORM.
- [00:04:12.685]THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
- [00:04:13.219]AND I LOVE COMING TO LINCOLN.
- [00:04:15.688]IT'S MY FIRST TIME AND I'M VERY LUCKY.
- [00:04:21.293]I WANT TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT SOME TOPICS THAT SEEM SO DISTANT
- [00:04:25.531]SPIRITUALLY AND PHYSICALLY VERY DISTANT FROM OUR WORK A DAY
- [00:04:30.169]WORLD HERE.
- [00:04:30.937]AND SO I APPRECIATE THAT YOU HAVE INVITED ME HERE TO TALK
- [00:04:34.440]ABOUT THESE ISSUES.
- [00:04:35.041]BUT THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT ARE VERY COMMON.
- [00:04:38.678]HOW WE ACHIEVE SUCCESS, THE ROAD TO SUCCESS, AND SO I DO WANT TO
- [00:04:42.915]TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT SOME OF THOSE PATHS FROM REMOTE PLACES
- [00:04:47.120]THAT ALSO LEAD TO SUCCESS.
- [00:04:49.422]YOU KNOW, THERE ARE -- WE'VE HAD SOME GREAT CHANGES IN HISTORY.
- [00:04:55.995]IF YOU THINK BACK TO THE DAYS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, WHEN IT WAS
- [00:05:03.569]A REAL ACHIEVEMENT TO KILL YOUR FIRST MAN AT THE AGE OF 12.
- [00:05:09.175]AND THEN THE MIDDLE AGES, THE WORLD WARS, WE HAVE REALLY
- [00:05:15.181]BECOME A MUCH LESS VIOLENT SOCIETY.
- [00:05:19.419]YES, GUNS ABOUND BUT DUALING IS NO LONGER
- [00:05:29.328]IMPORTANT AND THAT'S IMPORTANT.
- [00:05:30.530]SOME OF YOU HAVE SEEN THE HAMILTON PLAY IN NEW YORK,
- [00:05:35.768]THAT'S BEEN REVIVING THE PROBLEMS WITH DUELING, BUT THERE
- [00:05:39.772]WAS ONE THING THAT HAS NOT MADE THAT MUCH PROGRESS.
- [00:05:45.778]AND IT IS WIFE-BURNING.
- [00:05:47.647]IT IS MATERNAL MORTALITY.
- [00:05:50.817]IT IS THE ABUSE, THE HATRED, AND THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN.
- [00:05:56.122]SO I'D LIKE TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT SOME OF THAT TODAY, AND
- [00:05:59.392]ABOUT SOME OF THE WAYS TO GET OUT OF THAT.
- [00:06:03.129]I'D LIKE TO TAKE YOU TO ONE OF MY FAVORITE PLACES AND SEE IF I
- [00:06:06.899]CAN GET THIS TO WORK.
- [00:06:11.504]CHINA.
- [00:06:11.971]DO YOU SEE IT?
- [00:06:12.672]OKAY.
- [00:06:12.972]THERE YOU GO.
- [00:06:13.573]THAT PHOTO WAS TAKEN ONLY TWO WEEKS AGO.
- [00:06:17.877]IN FACT, THAT LITTLE BOY ON MY HUSBAND'S SHOULDERS IS PROBABLY,
- [00:06:22.648]LIKE MANY OF YOU, A GRADUATING
- [00:06:26.619]COLLEGE, SO -- IT JUST GOES TO SHOW HOW QUICKLY KIDS GROW UP IN
- [00:06:32.492]TWO WEEKS.
- [00:06:33.726]BUT FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE BEEN TO CHINA, THAT IS TIANANMEN
- [00:06:38.965]SQUARE, AND THAT'S NOT THE REAL CHINA BUT WHEN YOU GO TO CHINA,
- [00:06:41.968]YOU PROBABLY MAKE A STOP IN TIANANMEN SQUARE.
- [00:06:43.803]LET ME TAKE YOU TO THE REAL CHINA.
- [00:06:48.908]THIS IS DAI MANJU.
- [00:06:49.876]SHE WAS 13 YEARS OLD WHEN THE STORY STARTS.
- [00:06:52.578]SHE LIVED IN A VERY REMOTE PART OF A PROVINCE, TWO HOURS FROM
- [00:06:56.816]THE NEAREST ROAD.
- [00:06:58.584]SHE LIVED IN A LITTLE HUT WITH HER PARENTS, BROTHER,
- [00:07:03.222]GREAT-AUNT, AND THEY HAD NO RUNNING WATER, NO ELECTRICITY.
- [00:07:07.894]THEY HAVE NO REFRIGERATOR.
- [00:07:08.795]NO RADIO.
- [00:07:09.796]NO WRISTWATCH.
- [00:07:11.497]NO BICYCLES.
- [00:07:12.365]AND THEY SHARE THIS GREAT SPLENDOR WITH A VERY LARGE PIG.
- [00:07:19.405]YES, A PIG.
- [00:07:21.541]AND SO DAI MANJU WAS 13 YEARS OLD WHEN SHE WAS ABOUT TO ENTER
- [00:07:25.278]SIXTH GRADE, AND HER PARENTS SAID, YOU KNOW, YOU ARE GOING TO
- [00:07:30.249]BE SPENDING THE REST OF YOUR LIFE IN THE RICE PADDIES,
- [00:07:34.320]DOING HOUSEHOLD CHORES, IT COSTS US $13 TO SEND
- [00:07:42.829]YOU TO SCHOOL, SO THEY PULLED HER OUT OF COOL.
- [00:07:46.766]THAT WAS REALLY -- SHE WAS HORROR STRICKEN BECAUSE IT TURNS
- [00:07:49.502]OUT SHE WAS THE BEST PUPIL IN THE GRADE, AND YOU KNOW WHAT IT
- [00:07:52.338]TAKES TO BE NO. 1.
- [00:07:53.673]AND SO SHE WAS DEVASTATED.
- [00:07:55.174]SHE STILL MADE THE TWO-HOUR TREK TO SCHOOL, HUNG OUT AT THE
- [00:07:58.644]SCHOOLHOUSE, MAYBE SOMEONE WOULD GIVE HER SOME BOOKS THAT THEY
- [00:08:01.013]DIDN'T WANT ANYMORE OR SOME PAPER OR A PEN SHE COULD WRITE
- [00:08:06.652]WITH, SHE COULDN'T EVEN AFFORD THAT.
- [00:08:08.688]SO WE WROTE ABOUT HER IN THE NEW YORK TIMES AND THERE WAS A FLOOD
- [00:08:13.426]OF LETTERS, MANY OF WHICH HAD DONATIONS IN THEM FOR $13.
- [00:08:19.065]AND THEN THERE WAS THIS MONEY TRANSFER FOR $10,000.
- [00:08:25.571]IT WAS AMAZING.
- [00:08:26.505]WELL, WE THOUGHT, THIS IS WONDERFUL.
- [00:08:29.475]WHAT GENEROSITY.
- [00:08:30.309]WE GAVE THE MONEY TO THAT MAN IN THE PHOTO.
- [00:08:34.313]YOU SEE THE PHOTO AGAIN, HE'S THE TEACHER STANDING NEXT TO DAI
- [00:08:39.085]MANJU.
- [00:08:39.385]HE WAS OVERJOYED.
- [00:08:39.885]HE THOUGHT, I CAN GIVE A SCHOLARSHIP TO HER AND I CAN
- [00:08:42.889]GIVE ONE TO ALL THE GIRLS AND TO THE BOYS, TOO, SO EVERYONE CAN
- [00:08:46.025]STAY AT SCHOOL.
- [00:08:47.159]I CAN RENOVATE THE SCHOOLHOUSE.
- [00:08:49.695]SO SHE WAS FINISHING UP WITH SIXTH GRADE AND WE THOUGHT, WHY
- [00:08:53.566]DON'T WE GET A PROGRESS REPORT TO THIS.
- [00:08:57.536]AFTER ALL, IT WAS SO NICE OF HIM.
- [00:09:00.172]SO WE CALLED UP THE DONOR AND WE SAID, SIR, WE WANT TO THANK YOU
- [00:09:04.710]FOR YOUR GENEROSITY, YOU HAVE NO IDEA HOW FAR $10,000 GOES IN
- [00:09:12.652]POOR RURAL CHINA.
- [00:09:14.720]THERE WAS A PAUSE AT THE OTHER END OF THE LINE.
- [00:09:20.192]HE SAID, I DIDN'T GIVE $10,000.
- [00:09:23.763]I GAVE $100.
- [00:09:30.736]WELL, WE'VE GOT A PROBLEM HERE.
- [00:09:32.471]WELL, WE LOOKED INTO THIS AND SURE ENOUGH, THERE WAS A BANK
- [00:09:36.809]CLERK, WHO HAD A SLIGHT PROBLEM WITH DECIMAL POINTS.
- [00:09:44.216]YES.
- [00:09:44.483]I USED TO JOKE THAT WE WERE SURE THAT DURING THE FINANCIAL
- [00:09:47.620]CRISIS, HE MUST HAVE BEEN TRANSFERRED TO THE DEPARTMENT
- [00:09:50.690]FOR SUBPRIME MORTGAGES.
- [00:09:54.694]WE REALLY HAD THIS PROBLEM ON OUR HANDS BECAUSE WE HAD JUST
- [00:09:58.965]GIVEN $10,000 TO THIS POOR GUY, AND WE DIDN'T HAVE THE MONEY TO
- [00:10:01.567]GIVE IT BACK, AND SO WE THOUGHT ABOUT SOMETHING.
- [00:10:05.004]AND SO I KNOW THERE ARE A LOT OF JOURNALISM STUDENTS IN THE
- [00:10:08.808]AUDIENCE, SO FOR THOSE OF YOU, PLEASE PUT THIS STORY ASIDE
- [00:10:12.445]BECAUSE WE'RE NOT REALLY PROUD AS JOURNALISTS OF WHAT WE DID,
- [00:10:16.449]BUT WE WERE IN A BIND.
- [00:10:18.351]WE USED SOMEONE, A SENIOR OFFICIAL AT THE BANK, IT WAS
- [00:10:22.188]MORTGAGE AND GUARANTY TRUST BANK, WHICH IS NO LONGER AROUND,
- [00:10:28.527]BUT -- NOTHING TO DO WITH THIS PARTICULAR $10,000, OF COURSE.
- [00:10:33.899]BUT WE CALLED UP THE OFFICIAL AND WE SAID, SIR, WE ARE DOING A
- [00:10:40.406]FOLLOW-UP STORY, AND ON THE RECORD, WE WANT TO KNOW, ARE YOU
- [00:10:46.579]GOING TO SEND YOUR BANKERS TO THIS REMOTE VILLAGE TO GET YOUR
- [00:10:51.350]MONEY BACK AND THROW THESE GIRLS OUT OF SCHOOL AGAIN?
- [00:10:57.323]WELL, HE DIDN'T MISS A BEAT.
- [00:10:59.592]HE SAID, ON THE RECORD, UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES, WE ARE
- [00:11:03.029]DELIGHTED TO MAKE A DONATION FOR THE DIFFERENCE.
- [00:11:07.333]SO, THANK GOODNESS, ALL THE KIDS WERE ABLE TO CONTINUE SCHOOL,
- [00:11:11.637]DAI MANJU WAS ABLE TO FINISH MIDDLE SCHOOL, SHE WENT TO
- [00:11:15.074]HIGHLY, SHE WENT TO VOCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR ACCOUNTING.
- [00:11:18.377]AND THEN SHE -- THIS IS UNHEARD OF.
- [00:11:20.980]SHE WENT DOWN TO SOUTHERN PROVINCE OF GUANGDONG TO LOOK
- [00:11:25.151]FOR A JOB AND FOUND A JOB IN THE ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT OF A
- [00:11:30.489]FACTORY.
- [00:11:30.856]SHE GOT A PAYCHECK, THE FIRST IN HER FAMILY.
- [00:11:34.393]AND THEN WE ACTUALLY HAD A NATURAL EXPERIMENT IN GIRLS
- [00:11:39.031]EDUCATION BECAUSE WHAT WE SAW NEXT WAS SOMETHING REMARKABLE.
- [00:11:43.002]SO DAI MANJU STARTED SENDING MONEY BACK TO HER HOME.
- [00:11:45.371]HER PARENTS STARTING SAVING THE MONEY.
- [00:11:46.972]PRETTY SOON THEY HAD ENOUGH MONEY TO BUILD A NEW HOUSE.
- [00:11:49.575]THIS TIME WITH ELECTRICITY, WITH RUNNING WATER, A REFRIGERATOR, A
- [00:11:53.345]RADIO, A BICYCLE, THE PIG MOVED OUTSIDE.
- [00:11:58.350]IT WAS REALLY INTERESTING TO SEE THAT A VICIOUS CYCLE HAD BEEN
- [00:12:03.355]BROKEN, AND A VIRTUOUS CYCLE HAD BEEN STARTED.
- [00:12:06.158]AND THIS WAS GOING ON WITH DAI MANJU'S FEMALE CLASSMATES AS
- [00:12:11.230]WELL.
- [00:12:11.530]THEIR PARENTS STARTED SAVING AND THEY BUILT HOUSES.
- [00:12:13.799]SURE ENOUGH, THIS VILLAGE BECAME MUCH MORE PROSPEROUS.
- [00:12:17.770]YOU MIGHT BE SAYING, OF COURSE, CHINA WAS BLOSSOMING AT THE TIME
- [00:12:22.074]AND THAT IS TRUE BUT THIS VILLAGE STOOD OUT, AND THAT WAS
- [00:12:24.944]BECAUSE THEY EDUCATED THE GIRLS.
- [00:12:27.179]THE GOVERNMENT BUILD A ROAD TO LINK THE VILLAGE TO THE REST OF
- [00:12:31.917]CHINA.
- [00:12:32.384]AND THIS HAS BEEN REPEATED MILLIONS OF TIMES THROUGHOUT
- [00:12:35.855]CHINA, THROUGHOUT ASIA, AND IT'S THE STORY OF EDUCATING GIRLS,
- [00:12:41.060]AND BOYS AS WELL, BUT FOCUSING ON MAKING SURE THAT THE GIRLS
- [00:12:43.829]ALSO STAY IN SCHOOL BECAUSE THEY ACTUALLY CAN HELP, NOT ONLY
- [00:12:48.701]EDUCATE THEMSELVES BUT PAY BACK TO THEIR VILLAGE.
- [00:12:53.973]AND IT REALLY MEANS GDP.
- [00:12:58.144]IT'S PRETTY REMARKABLE.
- [00:12:59.311]THAT BRINGS ME TO THE FIRST OF THE TWO MAJOR THEMES OF HALF THE
- [00:13:03.015]SKY.
- [00:13:03.582]THE FIRST IS THAT IT'S NOT SO MUCH IQ THAT KEEPS A LOT OF
- [00:13:07.853]THESE GIRLS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD IN SCHOOL.
- [00:13:11.056]IT'S CHROMOSOMES.
- [00:13:13.058]BECAUSE OFTEN THE GIRLS WILL GET PULLED OUT FOR LACK OF FUNDS.
- [00:13:17.630]AND SO WE DO THINGS -- IT'S A MORAL CHALLENGE OF THIS CENTURY,
- [00:13:26.572]GENDER INEQUITY, IN THE SAME WAY THAT IN THE 19th CENTURY IT
- [00:13:30.142]WAS SLAVERY AND IN THE 20th IT WAS TOTALITARIANISM.
- [00:13:34.580]WE THINK THAT THE MORAL CAUSE OF OUR TIMINGS THE GENDER INEQUITY,
- [00:13:39.451]THE BRUTALITY THAT SO MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD FACE
- [00:13:42.454]BECAUSE OF THEIR GENDER.
- [00:13:44.056]YOU MAY SAY, WHAT AN EXAGGERATION, HOW CAN YOU MAKE
- [00:13:48.661]SUCH A CLAIM?
- [00:13:49.428]AT FIRST I THOUGHT THAT THAT WAS AN EXAGGERATION, TOO, IT WAS TOO
- [00:13:52.498]BIG OF A CLAIM TO MAKE.
- [00:13:54.033]BUT THEN I LOOKED AT -- WELL, ACTUALLY, I'M GOING TO BURDEN
- [00:13:59.138]YOU WITH ANOTHER QUIZ.
- [00:14:00.105]I KNOW YOU JUST HAD A WHOLE BUNCH OF QUIZ QUESTIONS THERE.
- [00:14:03.676]LET ME ASK YOU THIS.
- [00:14:05.778]HOW MANY OF YOU THINK THERE ARE MORE MALES OR MORE FEMALES IN
- [00:14:10.449]THE WORLD TODAY?
- [00:14:11.684]LET'S TAKE A POLL.
- [00:14:12.451]HOW MANY THINK THERE ARE MORE MALES IN THE WORLD TODAY, RAISE
- [00:14:16.655]YOUR HANDS.
- [00:14:18.224]OKAY, A FEW.
- [00:14:18.691]HOW MANY THINK THERE ARE MORE FEMALES IN THE WORLD TODAY,
- [00:14:22.728]RAISE YOUR HAND.
- [00:14:23.729]THE MAJORITY OF YOU.
- [00:14:24.797]IN FACT, THE MAJORITY OF YOU ARE WRONG.
- [00:14:27.733]IT SOUNDS VERY STRANGE.
- [00:14:28.667]HERE IN THE U.S., IN EUROPE, YOU KNOW, WHERE WE HAVE
- [00:14:38.410]MALE AND FEMALES HAVE EQUAL ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE, THERE ARE
- [00:14:41.013]MORE FEMALES BECAUSE WE LIVE LONGER.
- [00:14:43.015]THAT'S NOT TRUE IN THE REST OF THE WORLD.
- [00:14:45.284]PARTICULARLY THE DEVELOPING WORLD.
- [00:14:46.619]IN FACT, THERE'S BEEN SOME AMAZING RESEARCH BY A PERSON WHO
- [00:14:53.826]WON THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR ECONOMICS, WHO DID REMARKABLE
- [00:14:58.097]STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT THE WORLD POPULATION, AND THEY
- [00:15:01.200]DISCOVERED THAT THERE ARE ANYWHERE BETWEEN 60 MILLION AND
- [00:15:07.139]100 MILLION MISSING FEMALES IN THE CURRENT POPULATION.
- [00:15:10.676]MISSING FEMALES.
- [00:15:11.510]TAKE A SMALLER NUMBER, 60 MILLION.
- [00:15:14.046]THAT IS THE SIZE OF GERMANY.
- [00:15:15.080]AND LOOK AT WHAT AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE THAT IS.
- [00:15:17.816]YOU SEE THE IMPLICATIONS.
- [00:15:20.185]IT'S HUGE.
- [00:15:20.552]IT ALSO TIPS THE GLOBAL POPULATION, THE BALANCE OF
- [00:15:23.856]MALE/FEMALE AROUND THE WORLD SO THERE ARE MORE MALES IN THE
- [00:15:28.160]WORLD.
- [00:15:28.460]THAT BRINGS ME TO MY NEXT OF THE TWO MAJOR TENETS OF HALF A SKY,
- [00:15:33.799]AND SO LET'S PUT ASIDE THE RIGHT AND WRONG OF IT ALL.
- [00:15:37.036]LET'S PUT ASIDE THE MORAL ISSUE.
- [00:15:39.071]IF WE WERE JUST TO LOOK AT THE PRACTICAL ISSUE, WE THINK THAT
- [00:15:45.878]ONE OF THE MAJOR WAYS TO BRING ABOUT GROWTH AND TO BRING
- [00:15:50.949]ABOUT -- AND TO REALLY ADDRESS SOMETIMES, EVEN THINGS LIKE
- [00:15:56.588]TERRORISM, IS TO EDUCATE GIRLS AND TO BRING WOMEN INTO THE
- [00:16:01.193]FORMAL LABOR FORCE.
- [00:16:02.695]BASICALLY WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT IT, IT'S SCHOOLS AND JOBS.
- [00:16:06.398]IT'S WHAT WE HERE ALL CARE ABOUT.
- [00:16:09.335]IT ALSO IS TRUE OF THOSE IN THE REST OF THE WORLD, IN THE
- [00:16:14.073]DEVELOPING WORLD.
- [00:16:14.873]SO, YOU KNOW, HOW DOES EDUCATING A GIRL, YOU KNOW, HELP WITH
- [00:16:20.512]POVERTY?
- [00:16:20.846]WELL, AS YOU SAW WITH DAI MANJU, WHEN YOU EDUCATE A GIRL, YOU
- [00:16:25.984]KNOW, SHE ACTUALLY -- YOU SORT OF HELP A VILLAGE.
- [00:16:29.455]MAYBE IT'S THE MATERNAL INSTINCT, THEY DON'T REALLY
- [00:16:31.890]KNOW, BUT THEY ACTUALLY SEE THAT IT HAS A PROFOUND EFFECT.
- [00:16:35.294]ONE OF THE BIGGEST EFFECTS HAS TO DO WITH OVERPOPULATION IN --
- [00:16:39.798]AT THE MICROLEVEL.
- [00:16:42.067]FOR INSTANCE, WHEN YOU EDUCATE A GIRL, SHE TENDS TO GET MARRIED
- [00:16:46.338]LATER ON IN LIFE, SHE TENDS TO HAVE KIDS LATER ON IN LIFE, AND
- [00:16:50.676]SHE TENDS TO HAVE FEWER KIDS.
- [00:16:52.878]AND WHEN SHE DOES RAISE THOSE FEWER KIDS, SHE TENDS TO RAISE
- [00:16:55.881]THEM IN A MORE ENLIGHTENED WAY BECAUSE OF HER EDUCATION.
- [00:16:59.084]THAT HAS A PROFOUND EFFECT.
- [00:17:01.086]IT'S HAPPENED GENERATION AFTER GENERATION.
- [00:17:02.855]WE SAW IT HAPPEN ACTUALLY HERE IN THE U.S. AS WELL.
- [00:17:06.058]REMEMBER ALL THOSE LARGER FAMILIES, YOU KNOW, A CENTURY
- [00:17:10.396]AGO, AND THAT'S TRUE, WE'VE SEEN IT HAPPEN IN THE DEVELOPING
- [00:17:15.601]WORLD AS WELL AS COUNTRIES MOVE UP THE ECONOMIC LADDER.
- [00:17:18.537]THE SECOND THING IS THAT, YOU KNOW, WOMEN ALSO CAN BECOME PART
- [00:17:24.843]OF THE SOLUTION.
- [00:17:25.911]WE OFTEN TEND TO THINK OF THEM AS A PROBLEM -- A PROBLEM WITH
- [00:17:30.416]ALL THESE WOMEN WHO ARE UNEDUCATED BUT ACTUALLY THEY CAN
- [00:17:33.685]BE REALLY PART OF THE SOLUTION.
- [00:17:40.626]THEY REALLY ARE PART OF THE SOLUTION.
- [00:17:48.500]THE OTHER REASON HAS TO DO WITH, IT'S SOMETHING THAT BILL GATES
- [00:17:51.336]SAID AS HE WAS TOURING SAUDI ARABIA AND HE WAS SPEAKING TO AN
- [00:17:58.177]AUDIENCE VERY MUCH LIKE YOURSELVES.
- [00:18:00.546]THERE WAS ONE MAJOR DIFFERENCE, THOUGH.
- [00:18:02.314]SO ON THIS SIDE THERE WAS ALL MEN; ON THIS SIDE WAS ALL WOMEN.
- [00:18:07.653]THEY WERE COVERED, SAUDI ARABIA, AND THERE WAS A PHYSICAL
- [00:18:11.356]BARRIER.
- [00:18:11.690]THERE WAS NO WAY THAT THE MALES COULD SEE THE FEMALES.
- [00:18:18.397]A MAN STOOD UP ANSWERED SAID, MR. GATES, WE HAVE IN THIS
- [00:18:24.102]COUNTRY, ONE OF THE TOP 10 COUNTRIES WHEN IT COMES TO
- [00:18:26.438]GROWTH.
- [00:18:26.772]DO YOU THINK WE'LL MAKE IT?
- [00:18:27.639]AND AS HE STOOD UP OUT OF THE CROWD, HE SAID, NO, IF YOU'RE
- [00:18:31.677]NOT FULLY UTILIZING HALF THE TALENT IN YOUR COUNTRY, THERE IS
- [00:18:35.380]NO WAY YOU'LL GET NEAR THE TOP 10.
- [00:18:40.452]SO, HERE IS BILL OF ARABIA.
- [00:18:46.492]WHAT DOES AN AGENDA LOOK LIKE?
- [00:18:49.127]WHAT ARE SOME OF THE TOP ISSUES FACING WOMEN WHEN IT COMES TO --
- [00:18:53.999]SOCIETY WHEN IT COMES TO GENDER INEQUITY?
- [00:18:59.538]I'D SAY ONE TOPIC THAT PROBABLY SOME OF YOU HAVE HEARD ABOUT IS
- [00:19:04.109]TRAFFICKING.
- [00:19:04.510]YOU KNOW, SEX TRAFFICKING, WHATEVER YOU WANT TO CALL IT.
- [00:19:07.880]IT HAS BECOME -- IT IS A GLOBAL PROBLEM AND IT'S ALSO COME TO
- [00:19:12.117]THE SHORES OF THE U.S. OR AT LEAST IT HAS SURFACED MORE IN
- [00:19:17.923]OUR -- IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE.
- [00:19:23.195]WHAT ACTUALLY IS IT?
- [00:19:25.330]IF YOU LOOK AT CAMBODIA, FOR EXAMPLE, WHAT TENDS TO HAPPEN IS
- [00:19:31.737]A YOUNG GIRL, SHE COULD BE 11, 12, 13, MAYBE YOUNGER, OFTEN
- [00:19:37.109]GETS KIDNAPPED FROM A REMOTE PLACE WHERE SHE LIVES, IT'S
- [00:19:40.979]USUALLY A VERY REMOTE VILLAGE.
- [00:19:42.548]AND SHE'S NOT VERY WELL EDUCATED.
- [00:19:44.883]AND SHE'S SOLD TO A BROTHEL, WHERE SHE IS FORCED TO WORK 14
- [00:19:50.956]HOURS A DAY, SEVEN DAYS A WEEK.
- [00:19:53.659]SHE'S NOT PAID A DIME.
- [00:19:55.460]AND SHE OFTEN ISN'T EVEN FED THAT MUCH BECAUSE THEY ADOPT HER
- [00:19:58.997]TO -- DON'T WANT HER TO GET FAT.
- [00:20:03.835]WHAT DOES THAT LOOK LIKE?
- [00:20:05.203]IT LOOKS LIKE SLAVERY.
- [00:20:06.538]LET'S COMPARE IT TO SLAVERY AS WE KNOW IT IN THIS COUNTRY, JUST
- [00:20:09.942]A VERY SIMPLE COMPARISON.
- [00:20:11.443]IF YOU LOOK AT THE PEAK OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN THE U.S. IN THE
- [00:20:20.319]1770s AND '80s, THERE WERE ABOUT 80,000 SLAVES TRANSPORTED
- [00:20:24.656]FROM AFRICA TO THE NEW WORLD EACH YEAR.
- [00:20:30.896]NOW -- AND THERE WERE SOME -- STATISTICS ARE DIFFICULT TO COME
- [00:20:34.833]BY BECAUSE OUR BORDERS ARE MORE POROUS BUT THE STATE DEPARTMENT
- [00:20:39.705]DID AN ESTIMATE AND THEY FOUND ACROSS INTERNATIONAL BORDERS,
- [00:20:42.741]THERE WERE 800,000 PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN TRAFFICKED ACROSS
- [00:20:47.179]INTERNATIONAL BORDERS, MANY OF THEM FOR SEX.
- [00:20:50.549]AND THAT DOESN'T EVEN INCLUDE THOSE WHO ARE TRAFFICKED WITHIN
- [00:20:54.386]THEIR BORDERS.
- [00:20:55.821]YOU KNOW, WITHIN CAMBODIA, FOR INSTANCE.
- [00:21:00.225]AND SO, YOU KNOW, THAT'S A REALLY AMAZING FIGURE.
- [00:21:03.962]SO HERE'S OUR -- SOME GIRLS WHO ARE IN CAMBODIA WHO ARE
- [00:21:08.467]TRAFFICKED AND THEY'RE AT A BROTHEL.
- [00:21:10.902]THE OTHER COMPARISON IS, THE VALUE OF A SLAVE DURING THE
- [00:21:15.874]TIMES OF SLAVERY COMING TO THE U.S., IF YOU ACTUALLY GROSS THAT
- [00:21:19.711]DOLLAR AMOUNT UP, COUNTING FOR, YOU KNOW, INFLATION AND WHATNOT,
- [00:21:26.151]THAT SLAVE HAS A VALUE OF ABOUT 35 TO $40,000, WHICH IS REAL
- [00:21:31.189]MONEY.
- [00:21:31.490]THAT'S REAL MONEY.
- [00:21:34.526]DO YOU KNOW HOW MUCH THESE GIRLS GO FOR?
- [00:21:36.128]AS LITTLE AS $300, WHICH -- WHY IS THAT SO DEVASTATING?
- [00:21:43.735]IT'S BECAUSE IT MEANS THAT SHE'S UTTERLY DISPOSABLE.
- [00:21:46.805]SO IF SHE RESISTS, THEY BEAT HER UP, OR IF SHE REALLY PUTS UP A
- [00:21:51.777]FIGHT, THEY GET RID -- I MEAN, THEY COULD KILL HER, ACTUALLY
- [00:21:54.946]REALLY REDUCE HER TO NOTHING.
- [00:21:56.882]SO IT BECOMES MUCH MORE INSIDIOUS.
- [00:21:59.151]SO THAT GOES THE PROBLEM.
- [00:22:01.853]YOU KNOW, IT IS ALSO HAPPENING HERE IN THE U.S.
- [00:22:04.189]AND I WANT TO TELL YOU THE STORY OF ONE WOMAN NAMED SHAWNA, IT'S
- [00:22:13.131]A PHENOMENON THAT REALLY IS HERE EXISTING HERE IN THE U.S. AND
- [00:22:16.702]HOPEFULLY IT'S NOT HERE IN LINCOLN, BUT IT IS IN PLACES,
- [00:22:21.440]YOU KNOW, WHERE WE DON'T EXPECT IT.
- [00:22:23.542]SO SHAWNA ACTUALLY IS IN NASHVILLE.
- [00:22:27.412]SHE WAS BORN WITH BLONDE HAIR, BLUE EYES AND HEROIN IN HER
- [00:22:32.884]SYSTEM.
- [00:22:33.218]HER MOTHER WAS A DRUG ADDICT, AND WOULD OFTEN TRADE SEX FOR
- [00:22:38.924]DRUGS, AND WHEN SHAWNA WAS 13 YEARS OLD, HER MOTHER TOOK
- [00:22:44.162]SHAWNA TO A CUSTOMER'S HOME, BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY SHE WAS GOING
- [00:22:48.366]TO TRY AND HAVE HER WORK, AND SHE WAS VERY FRIGHTENED, SHE HAD
- [00:22:53.205]NO IDEA WHAT SHE WAS SUPPOSED TO DO.
- [00:22:56.108]AND SHE GOT VERY NERVOUS AND RESISTED.
- [00:22:59.077]AND HER MOTHER SHOT HER UP WITH HEROIN AND SHE JUST REMEMBERED
- [00:23:04.850]FALLING BACK ONTO THE WATERBED AND THAT WAS HER INITIATION INTO
- [00:23:10.622]PROSTITUTION.
- [00:23:11.056]SO THAT WAS HER LIFE.
- [00:23:12.791]SHE THEN HAD HER PUMP, WHO COMMANDED WHAT SHE DID, TOOK
- [00:23:18.330]EVERY SINGLE PENNY FROM HER.
- [00:23:19.765]SHE NEVER HAD A PENNY FROM HER OWN.
- [00:23:21.633]HE TOOK ALL THE MONEY, TOLD HER WHERE TO GO.
- [00:23:23.602]HE BRANDED HER, ACTUALLY, IN THE WAY THAT YOU BRAND COWS.
- [00:23:27.873]I KNOW YOU'RE ALL FAMILIAR WITH THAT HERE.
- [00:23:30.876]BUT SHE GOT BRANDED, TOO.
- [00:23:36.681]NOW, THIS IS SHAWNA.
- [00:23:37.916]SHE DID THAT ONE BECAUSE IT SAYS TRUST NO ONE.
- [00:23:41.820]BUT THAT'S SHAWNA.
- [00:23:43.255]AND SO BY THE AGE OF 35, SHE TRUSTED NO ONE.
- [00:23:51.463]SHE HAD BEEN ARRESTED 167 TIMES.
- [00:23:54.065]HER PIMP, ZERO.
- [00:23:59.337]SO THIS IS THE LIFE SHE HAD TO LIVE AS SOMEONE WHO HAD BEEN
- [00:24:04.776]TRAFFICKED IS PRETTY MISERABLE.
- [00:24:05.977]SO THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS VERY REAL IN OUR SOCIETY AS
- [00:24:11.817]WELL.
- [00:24:12.417]THE NEXT ISSUE ON THE AGENDA THAT I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT IS
- [00:24:15.487]MATERNAL MORTALITY, AND IT IS -- MATERNAL MORTALITY IS -- HAS
- [00:24:20.692]SUCH NUMBERS THAT OVER THE YEARS IT REALLY HAS HELPED CONTRIBUTE
- [00:24:24.329]TO THIS 60 MILLION MISSING FEMALES IN THE GLOBAL POPULATION
- [00:24:29.801]LOOK, EVERYONE HERE IN THE U.S.
- [00:24:32.003]AND IN EUROPE, WHEN THERE IS A CHILD -- WHEN THERE IS A BIRTH,
- [00:24:36.842]WE CELEBRATE IT, IT'S SOMETHING WE LOOK FORWARD TO.
- [00:24:41.479]IN A PLACE -- ONE IN SEVEN WOMEN THAT EXPECT TO -- CAN EXPECT TO
- [00:24:48.920]DIE IN THEIR LIFETIME FROM CHILDBIRTH.
- [00:24:51.923]IT'S JUST POLITICAL WILL.
- [00:24:52.557]WE KNOW WHAT IT TAKES TO ALLOW WOMEN TO DELIVER SMOOTHLY.
- [00:24:56.962]IT'S JUST SIMPLE BASIC HEALTHCARE.
- [00:24:58.964]BUT THAT IS SO NONEXISTENT IN A LOT OF THESE PLACES.
- [00:25:02.667]PARTLY BECAUSE THESE WOMEN HAVE THREE THINGS NOT GOING FOR THEM.
- [00:25:06.771]THEY ARE POOR.
- [00:25:07.973]THEY ARE RURAL.
- [00:25:10.342]AND THEY ARE FEMALE.
- [00:25:11.509]IF YOU ACTUALLY JUST LOOK AT THE WOMEN WHO DO SURVIVE, FOR EVERY
- [00:25:16.781]WOMAN WHO DIES IN CHILDBIRTH, THERE ARE 20 WHO SURVIVE, BUT
- [00:25:21.286]WITH SOME SERIOUS INJURY FROM CHILDBIRTH, SOME SERIOUS INJURY.
- [00:25:25.457]AND ONE OF THE MOST DEVASTATING INJURIES IS OBSTETRIC FISTULA.
- [00:25:30.395]HOW MANY HAVE HEARD OF THAT?
- [00:25:31.997]GOOD.
- [00:25:32.497]OKAY.
- [00:25:32.797]SO YOU KNOW WHAT HAPPENS.
- [00:25:34.666]IT'S BASICALLY YOU HAVE OBJECT STRUCK -- A WOMAN HAS
- [00:25:38.970]OBSTRUCTIVE LABOR AND THERE'S A PUNCTURE IN HER BLADDER AND SO
- [00:25:42.941]THERE'S A LOT OF LEAKAGE.
- [00:25:44.009]LET ME TELL YOU THE STORY OF THIS WOMAN.
- [00:25:52.484]SHE WAS 13 WHEN SHE WAS -- SHE GOT MARRIED AGAINST HER WILL AND
- [00:25:57.689]SHE GOT PREGNANT AGAINST HER WILL.
- [00:26:02.627]SHE LIVES IN ETHIOPIA.
- [00:26:04.529]SHE RAN OUT TO THE BUSH, BASICALLY.
- [00:26:07.332]SHE WAS STILL YOUNG.
- [00:26:07.966]HER BODY WAS ALSO IMMATURE.
- [00:26:09.634]SHE RAN UNDER THE BUSH TO HAVE THE BABY.
- [00:26:11.403]SHE HAD OBSTRUCTIVE LABOR.
- [00:26:13.238]THE BABY DIED AND SHE ENDED UP WITH A FISTULA.
- [00:26:16.775]WELL, SHE HAD NO IDEA WHAT WAS HAPPENING BUT SHE COULDN'T
- [00:26:19.010]CONTROL HERSELF, COULDN'T CONTROL HER WASTE, AND SO SHE
- [00:26:23.048]STANDING CAN.
- [00:26:24.749]THE VILLAGERS DIDN'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENED TO HER.
- [00:26:27.352]THEY THOUGHT SHE WAS CURSED.
- [00:26:28.753]AND THEY THOUGHT, WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO WITH HER?
- [00:26:32.190]SO THEY FOUND A HUT AT THE EDGE OF THE VILLAGE AND THEY RIPPED
- [00:26:38.964]OFF THE DOOR SO THAT THE HYENAS WOULD GET HER AT NIGHT.
- [00:26:45.637]THAT NIGHT SHE FOUND A STICK IN THE HUT AND SHE FOUGHT OFF THOSE
- [00:26:51.843]HYENAS WITH THAT STICK THE ENTIRE NIGHT.
- [00:26:55.080]SHE WAS 14 YEARS OLD.
- [00:26:57.082]AND THEN THE NEXT MORNING SHE KNEW THAT THERE WAS A FOREIGN
- [00:27:03.488]MISSIONARY IN THE NEAREST VILLAGE, IF SHE COULD JUST GET
- [00:27:06.224]TO HIM, HE WOULD HELP HER.
- [00:27:08.059]SHE HAD SOME DAMAGE TO HER INSIDE SO SHE COULDN'T REALLY
- [00:27:11.296]WALK SO SHE DRAGGED HERSELF TO THE NEAREST VILLAGE, AND AT
- [00:27:17.102]NIGHT SHE WOULD CLIMB UP THE TREES AND SPEND THE NIGHT THERE
- [00:27:19.437]TO AVOID THE HYENAS AGAIN.
- [00:27:22.674]THE REASON SHE SPENT SO MANY FIGHTS IN THE TREES WAS THAT
- [00:27:26.111]THAT VILLAGE WAS 30 MILES AWAY.
- [00:27:29.948]SO SHE MADE IT.
- [00:27:30.949]SHE MADE IT TO THAT MISSIONARY'S DOORSTEP.
- [00:27:34.586]HE TOOK ONE LOOK AT HER, HE KNEW EXACTLY WHAT HAD HAPPENED.
- [00:27:38.189]HE RUSHED HER OFF TO A HOSPITAL, AND SHE WAS REPAIRED IN A SERIES
- [00:27:45.663]OF OPERATIONS, 300, 400, SEVERAL HUNDRED DOLLARS.
- [00:27:48.833]THAT'S WHAT IT WAS.
- [00:27:49.734]AND SHE WAS REPAIRED.
- [00:27:51.936]AND AS SHE WAS RECOVERING, THE DOCTORS NOTICED THIS GIRL, YES,
- [00:27:56.975]SHE'S MADE OF STEEL, SHE SURVIVED.
- [00:27:59.577]BUT NOT ONLY THAT, THEY SAW SHE WAS CLEVER.
- [00:28:01.880]SO THEY MADE HER A NURSE AT THE HOSPITAL.
- [00:28:05.850]SO HERE SHE IS, A NURSE AT THE HOSPITAL.
- [00:28:08.553]SHE IS GIVING BACK.
- [00:28:09.287]SHE'S HELPING THOUSANDS OF GIRLS WHO ARE IN HER SITUATION, AND
- [00:28:13.558]SHE'S AGAIN PART OF THE SOLUTION, NOT THE PROBLEM.
- [00:28:16.094]SHE IS NOW IN THE VIRTUOUS CYCLE, NOT IN THE VICIOUS CYCLE.
- [00:28:20.865]AND THIS IS HER FRIEND WHO HAD A VERY SIMILAR STORY, BUT SHE
- [00:28:31.509]ALSO, THE DOCTORS NOTICED THAT SHE WAS VERY GOOD WITH HER
- [00:28:34.012]FINGERS BUT TOTALLY UNEDUCATED, BUT SHE NOW HELPS WITH THE
- [00:28:39.184]SURGERIES BECAUSE SHE IS SO GOOD WITH HER FINGERS THAT SHE HELPS
- [00:28:42.587]THE DOCTORS WITH THE SURGERIES.
- [00:28:44.722]AGAIN, THEY FOUND A WOMAN WHO IS PART OF THE SOLUTION NOW.
- [00:28:49.194]NO LONGER PART OF THE PROBLEM.
- [00:28:53.565]SO, IT IS IMPORTANT TO SEE THAT WOMEN CAN BECOME PART OF THE
- [00:28:59.370]SOLUTION.
- [00:28:59.737]I'VE GIVEN YOU A HINT ABOUT HOW SOME OF THAT HAPPENS.
- [00:29:01.973]THERE ARE ALSO MORE GENERAL AREAS WHERE YOU REALLY CAN BRING
- [00:29:06.144]WOMEN IN AS PART OF THE SOLUTION.
- [00:29:08.113]IT TENDS TO WORK TO HELP, YOU KNOW, IN AREAS OF HEALTH, IN
- [00:29:13.251]AREAS OF FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT, AND IN EDUCATION.
- [00:29:18.289]SO WHAT HAPPENED WITH SHAWNA?
- [00:29:25.163]SHAWNA ACTUALLY WAS HELPED BY A WOMAN NAMED BECCA STEPHENS WHO
- [00:29:30.101]IS A CHAPLAIN AT VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY.
- [00:29:32.837]SHE NOTICED THERE WERE A LOT OF WOMEN WHO WERE BEING TRAFFICKED
- [00:29:35.740]AND SHE WANTED TO HELP OUT SO SHE FORMED THIS PROGRAM CALLED
- [00:29:38.877]THE MAGDALENE PROGRAM WHERE SHE HAS A SAFEHOUSE WHERE ALL THESE
- [00:29:44.215]WOMEN ARE BROUGHT, AND SHE BASICALLY DETOXS THEM, BRINGS IN
- [00:29:50.889]DOCTORS TO EXAMINE THEM, AND SHE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH POSTTRAUMATIC
- [00:29:54.692]STRESS SYNDROME.
- [00:29:56.828]SO SHE WAS REALLY LIKE FIGHTING A WAR ALL HER LIFE.
- [00:30:00.165]IT WAS LIKE LIVING IN A WAR.
- [00:30:02.934]AND THEN SHE ALSO HAD ANOTHER DOCTOR SORT OF REMOVE A LOT OF
- [00:30:07.972]THE TATTOOS.
- [00:30:13.611]AND SO NOW, YOU KNOW, SHAWNA WAS MUCH BETTER PHYSICALLY AND THEN
- [00:30:18.550]SHE HAD TO FIND A PURPOSE IN LIFE.
- [00:30:21.586]AND SO BECCA STEPHENS FORMED THIS ENTERPRISE WHERE THE GIRLS
- [00:30:26.925]WHO ARE ABLE TO MAKE IT THROUGH HER PROGRAM CAN ACTUALLY FIND A
- [00:30:32.263]JOB.
- [00:30:32.964]AND SO THISTLE FARMS MAKES SOAP, SCENTS, CRAFTS, CANDLES AND SELL
- [00:30:39.804]THEM AT PLACES.
- [00:30:40.738]THEY MAKE THEM, THEY DESIGN THEM, AND THEY SELL THEM, AND SO
- [00:30:45.677]SHAWNA ACTUALLY WAS PUT INTO THE SALES DEPARTMENT AND IT TURNED
- [00:30:48.012]OUT THAT SHE WAS A BRILLIANT SALESMAN.
- [00:30:50.114]SHE ACTUALLY IS -- SHE'S A FIERY WOMAN.
- [00:30:53.818]SHE ACTUALLY PROBABLY, YOU KNOW, WEARS DOWN THE STORES THAT
- [00:31:00.692]ACTUALLY SHE'S TRYING TO SELL TO, AND IN FACT NOW, THISTLE
- [00:31:04.429]FARMS PRODUCTS IS BEING SOLD AT WHOLE FOODS.
- [00:31:06.731]SO IF YOU EVER SEE SOME PRODUCTS, SOME SOAPS AT WHOLE
- [00:31:11.569]FOODS THAT ARE MADE BY THISTLE FARMS, YOU ARE SUPPORTING PEOPLE
- [00:31:15.673]LIKE SHAWNA.
- [00:31:17.008]SHE IS REALLY DOING MUCH BETTER.
- [00:31:19.043]SHE'S BEEN OFF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS FOR FOUR YEARS.
- [00:31:21.646]AND SHE ALSO IS GIVING BACK NOW, TOO.
- [00:31:24.349]SHE GOES OUT ON NOT QUITE RAISE BUT SHE HELPS THE POLICING ROAM
- [00:31:30.822]THE STREETS TO LOOK FOR GIRLS WHO HAVE BEEN TRAFFICKED AND SHE
- [00:31:34.659]HAS MUCH MORE STREET CRED WITH THEM TO CONVINCE THEM TO COME
- [00:31:39.297]OFF THE STREETS AND GO INTO PROGRAMS.
- [00:31:42.667]IT IS VERY MUCH POSSIBLE TO BRING THESE WOMEN INTO THE
- [00:31:46.471]SOLUTION, AGAIN, AND NOT BE JUST PART OF THE PROBLEM.
- [00:31:51.276]THE OTHER AREA THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT, I KNOW A LOT OF YOU
- [00:31:57.015]HAVE HEARD OF THINGS LIKE MICROLENDING, RIGHT?
- [00:32:00.685]YOU'VE HEARD OF THAT?
- [00:32:02.186]THERE'S ANOTHER KIND OF MICROFINANCE WHICH IS
- [00:32:05.256]MICROSAVINGS, WHICH IS EVEN BETTER, WHICH IS EVEN MORE
- [00:32:08.559]POWERFUL.
- [00:32:08.926]WHEN IT WORKS, IT CAN BE TRANSFORMATIVE.
- [00:32:11.696]LET ME TELL YOU THE STORY OF A WOMAN NAMED GARETI.
- [00:32:19.637]SHE WAS LIVING IN A BEAUTIFUL, LUSH PLACE BUT YOU HAPPENS TO BE
- [00:32:23.941]ONE OF THE POOREST PLACES, SO GARETI LIVED WITH HER HUSBAND
- [00:32:28.613]BERNARD AND SHE HAS LIKE SIX CHILDREN.
- [00:32:32.650]GARETI WAS NOT ABLE TO TOUCH CASH.
- [00:32:34.452]NOT ABLE TO TOUCH CASH.
- [00:32:35.386]IT WAS A RULE.
- [00:32:36.154]SHE ALSO IS NOT ABLE TO LEAVE THE HOUSE WITHOUT BERNARD'S
- [00:32:40.725]PERMISSION.
- [00:32:41.125]IT WAS KIND OF A CUSTOM THAT A LOT OF THE WOMEN IN HER VILLAGE
- [00:32:45.196]HAD TO FOLLOW.
- [00:32:46.764]SO WHEN THEY WENT SHOPPING FOR VEGETABLES, GARETI WOULD CARRY
- [00:32:50.968]THE BASKET, BERNARD WOULD GO WITH HER, THEY WOULD GO TO THE
- [00:32:54.105]MARKETPLACE AND SHE WOULD POINT OUT WHAT SHE NEEDED.
- [00:32:56.140]THEY WOULD PUT IT INTO A BASKET, SHE WOULD CARRY THE BASKET AND
- [00:32:59.143]BERNARD WOULD PAY FOR IT AND THEY'D GO HOME.
- [00:33:01.612]SO GARETI HAD HEARD ABOUT THIS PROGRAM IN THE VILLAGE, IT WAS
- [00:33:05.550]KIND OF LIKE A MICROSAVINGS PROGRAM.
- [00:33:08.119]SHE DIDN'T KNOW THAT MUCH ABOUT IT BUT SHE HEARD IT WAS A GOOD
- [00:33:10.755]PROGRAM AND SHE WANTED TO JOIN IT.
- [00:33:12.190]SO SHE KEPT ASKING PERMISSION FROM BERNARD AND HE KEPT SAYING,
- [00:33:15.727]NO, NO, NO, YOU CAN'T.
- [00:33:18.029]MEANWHILE, BERNARD WOULD GO OUT A FEW TIMES A WEEK AND DRINK
- [00:33:22.333]BANANA BEER, BEER MADE FROM BANANAS, AND HE WOULD ACTUALLY
- [00:33:28.039]SPEND 30% OF THE HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON HIS BEER.
- [00:33:32.076]BUT HE WOULDN'T LET GARETI GO OUT.
- [00:33:33.778]SO FINALLY SHE HAD TO SNEAK OUT OF THE HOUSE.
- [00:33:36.748]SHE MADE HIM A NICE DINNER AND ATTENDED TO HIS NEEDS AND SNUCK
- [00:33:39.984]OUT OF THE HOUSE.
- [00:33:40.818]SO WHAT HAPPENS IN THIS MICROSAVINGS CIRCLE IS THAT EACH
- [00:33:44.689]WOMAN BRINGS A DIME.
- [00:33:46.457]THEY ALL PUT IT IN THE CENTER AND THEN THEY LEND IT TO ONE
- [00:33:50.528]WOMAN FOR THAT MONTH.
- [00:33:51.763]THIS IS A NEW GROUP, AND SO THEY HAD TO CHOOSE A PRESIDENT AND
- [00:33:58.870]THEY CHOSE GARETI.
- [00:34:00.605]SO HERE GARETI IS THE PRESIDENT OF A MICROSAVINGS GROUP, AND SHE
- [00:34:05.343]HAS NEVER TOUCHED CASH BEFORE.
- [00:34:08.446]BUT THAT DIDN'T STOP HER.
- [00:34:10.581]AND IN FACT SHE DECIDED TO ACTUALLY BORROW THE MONEY --
- [00:34:14.051]THEY DECIDED TO LEND THE MONEY TO HER THAT TIME AND SHE HAD TO
- [00:34:17.588]CHOOSE A PROJECT, SO SHE TOOK THE MONEY AND BOUGHT FERTILIZER
- [00:34:20.658]AND SHE PLANTED POTATOES AND HAD A REALLY GOOD ROUND -- REALLY
- [00:34:24.195]GOOD CROP OF POTATOES.
- [00:34:26.130]SO SHE WAS ABLE TO SELL THOSE POTATOES AT QUITE A NICE PRICE
- [00:34:29.634]AND THEN SHE PAID OFF THE LOAN WITH INTEREST OF $2.50 OR
- [00:34:34.438]SOMETHING LIKE THAT TO HER FELLOW MICROSAVINGS GROUPMATES.
- [00:34:38.708]AND THEN SHE HAD THIS PROFIT.
- [00:34:40.878]AND SHE WAS THINKING, WHAT AM I GOING TO DO WITH THIS PROFIT?
- [00:34:44.215]SHE WAS THINKING, WHAT CAN I INVEST IN?
- [00:34:46.884]SHE KNEW THAT THERE WAS ONE PRODUCT THAT WOULD SELL WELL
- [00:34:50.922]THAT CERTAINLY SOLD WELL IN HER HOUSEHOLD, AND THAT WAS BANANA
- [00:34:58.696]BEER.
- [00:34:58.996]SO SHE INVESTED IN A BANANA BEER BUSINESS.
- [00:35:02.033]AND IT DID REALLY WELL.
- [00:35:04.469]IN FACT, GARETI BECAME LIKE THE LOCAL TYCOON.
- [00:35:10.808]THIS IS GARETI.
- [00:35:12.410]SHE WAS ABLE TO BUY, YOU KNOW, A GOAT, SHE'S REALLY BLOSSOMED NOW
- [00:35:18.349]AND SHE ALSO BROUGHT BERNARD IN AS A PARTNER, WHICH WAS VERY
- [00:35:21.619]IMPORTANT, SO THEY ARE PARTNERS IN THIS ENTERPRISE.
- [00:35:24.121]THEY ARE TOGETHER THE TYCOONS OF THE VILLAGE.
- [00:35:27.525]AND WHEN BERNARD HAPPENED TO COME DOWN WITH MALARIA, GUESS
- [00:35:30.528]WHO PAID THE HOSPITAL BILLS?
- [00:35:33.698]GARETI.
- [00:35:35.099]SO, WHEN MICROSAVINGS WORKS, IT CAN WORK EXTREMELY WELL.
- [00:35:39.604]IT DOESN'T ALWAYS WORK THIS WELL BUT IT REALLY DOES WORK.
- [00:35:44.408]AND, YOU KNOW, I DO WANT TO GIVE YOU A REALITY CHECK.
- [00:35:47.879]IT DOESN'T ALWAYS WORK THIS WELL.
- [00:35:51.616]GARETI IS A SPECIAL CASE BECAUSE SHE THEN WENT ON TO BECOME A
- [00:35:55.753]ROLE MODEL FOR WOMEN IN THE VILLAGE.
- [00:35:57.722]SHE'S COACHING WOMEN ON HOW TO ACTUALLY SPEAK UP, ON HOW TO
- [00:36:01.125]ACTUALLY DO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY OR HOW TO START THEIR OWN
- [00:36:04.762]BUSINESSES.
- [00:36:05.162]SHE'S BECOME VERY ACTIVE IN THE VILLAGE.
- [00:36:10.835]IT'S HARD -- HELPING PEOPLE IS VERY HARD AND THERE HAVE BEEN A
- [00:36:13.871]LOT OF BOOKS WRITTEN CRITICIZING DEVELOPMENT EXPERTS HAVE BEEN
- [00:36:18.276]SAYING, IT DOESN'T WORK.
- [00:36:19.877]FOREIGN AID DOESN'T WORK.
- [00:36:21.445]U.S. AID GIVES ABOUT $500 MILLION A YEAR AND IT DOESN'T --
- [00:36:26.684]IT'S ONLY 1% -- LESS THAN 1% OF THE GDP.
- [00:36:29.954]NOT A HUGE AMOUNT, AS SOME THINK.
- [00:36:33.891]AND THEY IMPROVE THEIR METHODS OVER THE YEARS.
- [00:36:35.993]BUT PEOPLE HAVE CRITICIZED AID PROGRAMS AND THEY ARE -- THEY
- [00:36:39.931]HAVE A CERTAIN LEGITIMATE -- LEGITIMACY.
- [00:36:47.004]AID IS NOT ALWAYS DONE WELL.
- [00:36:48.773]THE PROGRAMS ARE NOT ALWAYS IMPLEMENTED WELL.
- [00:36:50.741]THERE'S ALSO CORRUPTION.
- [00:36:51.609]SO IT IS HARD TO FIND, YOU KNOW, A PREPONDERANCE OF SUCCESS
- [00:36:59.784]STORIES, BUT THERE ARE SUCCESS STORIES AND SOMETIMES AID IS NOT
- [00:37:03.187]VERY SEXY EITHER.
- [00:37:04.422]WE OFTEN THINK, IT WOULD BE NICE TO BUILD A SCHOOL AND HAVE OUR
- [00:37:08.726]NAME WRITTEN ON IT.
- [00:37:11.429]UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA DONOR, RIGHT?
- [00:37:14.432]THAT IS GOOD.
- [00:37:15.099]AND WE NEED TO BUILD SCHOOLS AND IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO BUILD
- [00:37:18.970]SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA OR UGANDA OR KENYA.
- [00:37:23.808]BUT YOU KNOW SOMETHING THAT'S EVEN MORE EFFECTIVE?
- [00:37:26.310]IT'S NOT WHAT YOU THINK.
- [00:37:30.348]DeWORMING PILLS.
- [00:37:31.449]HOW SEXY IS THAT?
- [00:37:34.018]HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE HEARD OF DeWORMING PILLS?
- [00:37:37.488]WHAT THEY ARE, THERE ARE A LOT OF KIDS, YOU KNOW, WHO ARE
- [00:37:42.660]EATING DIRTY FOOD AND ARE GETTING INTESTINAL WORMS.
- [00:37:45.663]WHAT HAPPENS, AND GIRLS ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE, THEY GET
- [00:37:49.600]THE WORMS AND THEN THE WORMS BASICALLY SUCK THE NUTRIENTS
- [00:37:54.238]FROM THE KID, SHE GETS ANEMIC, SHE CAN'T CONCENTRATE AT SCHOOL,
- [00:37:57.875]CAN'T DO HER HOMEWORK, SHE STARTS TO DROP OUT.
- [00:38:01.512]SO IT'S THIS VICIOUS CYCLE WHERE YOU WANT TO KEEP THE GIRLS IN
- [00:38:04.649]SCHOOL BUT, YOU KNOW, THIS IS WHAT'S OBSTRUCTING THEM FROM
- [00:38:07.918]STAYING IN SCHOOL.
- [00:38:09.053]SO YOU GIVE THEM A PILL, YOU KNOW, EVERY YEAR, AND YOU CAN
- [00:38:13.424]ACTUALLY DeWORM THEM AND THEY'RE MORE LIKELY TO ACTUALLY
- [00:38:16.961]ABSORB THEIR OWN NUTRIENTS AND STAY HEALTHY AND TO WORK AND
- [00:38:20.297]FUNCTION MORE EFFECTIVELY AT SCHOOL.
- [00:38:23.034]AND, YOU KNOW, BUILDING SCHOOLS IS VERY IMPORTANT, YOU NEED
- [00:38:26.103]SCHOOLS, IT'S ABOUT $100 PER EXTRA MARGINAL STUDENT THAT YOU
- [00:38:29.740]KEEP IN SCHOOL WITH BUILDING SCHOOLS, BUT DeWORMING KIDS IS
- [00:38:33.511]ABOUT A FEW DOLLARS.
- [00:38:34.945]IT'S MUCH CHEAPER.
- [00:38:36.013]AND IT ALSO WORKS.
- [00:38:37.415]SO YOU NEED BOTH, BUT THERE ARE SOME THINGS YOU
- [00:38:42.586]CAN DO THAT ARE FAR MORE COST EFFECTIVE THAT UNFORTUNATELY ARE
- [00:38:45.956]NOT SEXY.
- [00:38:46.691]WE ALSO KNOW THAT IT'S HARD TO TALK ABOUT THINGS LIKE
- [00:38:50.594]DeWORMING PILLS.
- [00:38:51.128]YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T REALLY GO UP TO YOUR FRIEND AND SAY, HAVE YOU
- [00:38:53.898]GOTTEN THE LATEST ON DeWORMING PILLS, IT'S NOT REALLY VERY
- [00:38:58.035]INTERESTING.
- [00:38:58.436]WE WANT TO REACH PEOPLE IN WAYS THAT THEY -- WE ALSO KNOW THAT
- [00:39:02.740]BOOK READING IS NOT AMERICA'S FAVORITE PASTIME, SO WE ALSO
- [00:39:07.945]THOUGHT A DOCUMENTARY WOULD WORK.
- [00:39:09.714]I'D LIKE TO SHOW YOU A TRAILER FROM THE DOCUMENTARY.
- [00:39:19.023]ACTUALLY, BEFORE I DO THAT, I WANT TO GIVE YOU ONE LAST
- [00:39:25.362]EXAMPLE OF THE THIRD AREA THAT I MENTIONED, WHICH IS EDUCATION.
- [00:39:31.168]SO I TALKED ABOUT DAI MANJU, AND IT IS NOT JUST ASIA WHERE
- [00:39:36.874]EDUCATION WORKS.
- [00:39:39.043]IT'S ALSO IN AFRICA, IN SOUTH AMERICA, BUT PARTICULARLY IN
- [00:39:46.117]AFRICA WHERE IT IS SO IMPORTANT TO BUILD EDUCATION AND TO GIVE
- [00:39:53.891]KIDS AN EDUCATION.
- [00:39:55.092]LET ME TELL YOU THE STORY OF BEATRICE.
- [00:39:59.330]BEATRICE WAS NINE YEARS OLD, SHE LIVED ON THE BORDER -- INSIDE
- [00:40:04.468]UGANDA ALONG THE BORDER AND HAD NEVER BEEN TO A LICK OF SCHOOL.
- [00:40:09.006]AND HER PARENTS AGAIN SAID, YOU KNOW, THIS IS TOO EXPENSIVE, WE
- [00:40:12.543]CAN'T AFFORD IT, YOU'RE ALSO A GIRL, WE'RE NOT GOING TO SEND
- [00:40:15.146]YOU TO SCHOOL.
- [00:40:16.680]WELL, THERE'S AN ORGANIZATION BASED IN ARKANSAS AND THEY
- [00:40:22.319]HAPPENED TO SEND 2 GOATS TO THE VILLAGE IN UGANDA WHERE BEATRICE
- [00:40:29.860]WAS RAISED, AND ONE OF THOSE GOATS WENT TO BEATRICE'S
- [00:40:35.599]PARENTS.
- [00:40:35.933]SO THE GOAT HAD TWINS AND STARTED PRODUCING MILK AND THEY
- [00:40:39.670]FOUND THEY COULD ALSO SELL THE MILK.
- [00:40:41.639]THEY STARTED SELLING THE MILK AND HAD A LOT OF MILK, STARTED
- [00:40:44.275]SELLING A LOT OF IT, AND THE CASH STARTED POURING IN.
- [00:40:46.577]THEN THEY REALIZED THEY HAD ENOUGH MONEY TO SEND BEATRICE TO
- [00:40:50.347]SCHOOL.
- [00:40:50.681]SO HERE IS BEATRICE AT NINE YEARS OLD, AND SHE WAS GOING TO
- [00:40:59.623]SCHOOL WITH, YOU KNOW, THE FIRST GRADERS BUT THAT WAS OKAY, SHE
- [00:41:02.326]WAS JUST DELIGHTED TO BE AT SCHOOL.
- [00:41:03.961]IN FACT, SHE ROCKETED TO THE TOP OF HER CLASS.
- [00:41:06.397]SHE STAYED AT THE TOP OF HER CLASS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, IN
- [00:41:09.600]MIDDLE SCHOOL, IN HIGH SCHOOL, AND THEN SHE SCORED BRILLIANTLY
- [00:41:13.604]ON THE NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS THAT SHE ACTUALLY WAS ABLE TO
- [00:41:17.107]SECURE A PLACE AT A COLLEGE HERE IN THE U.S. A FEW YEARS AGO
- [00:41:24.248]BEATRICE GRADUATED FROM CONNECTICUT COLLEGE.
- [00:41:28.752]YOU KNOW, AND ON HER CELEBRATION DAY, SHE SAID, THIS IS THE BEST
- [00:41:35.492]DAY OF MY LIFE BECAUSE OF A GOAT.
- [00:41:41.465]IT TRULY WAS.
- [00:41:43.067]YOU THINK OF THESE PROGRAMS, YOU HEAR ABOUT HEIFER INTERNATIONAL
- [00:41:47.571]BUT THEY REALLY CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN A LIFE, AND WHAT'S
- [00:41:51.442]IMPORTANT ABOUT THESE PROGRAMS, IS THAT THEY ALSO TEACH YOU HOW
- [00:41:55.846]TO FISH RATHER THAN GIVE YOU A FISH.
- [00:41:57.481]AND THAT'S WHAT'S IMPORTANT.
- [00:41:58.983]IT'S SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS, IS WHAT, YOU KNOW, THE WORLD IS
- [00:42:01.952]LOOKING FOR, NOT JUST HANDOUTS, NOT JUST AID.
- [00:42:05.623]IT REALLY IS LOOKING FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS.
- [00:42:09.326]SO NOW, I CAN GET YOU TO THE DOCUMENTARY THAT WE DID THAT
- [00:42:15.165]ACTUALLY SHOWS A LOT OF THE CHALLENGES THAT WOMEN ARE FACING
- [00:42:18.502]AROUND THE WORLD.
- [00:42:26.076]>> HOW WE TREAT WOMEN AND GIRLS IS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL TO WHO
- [00:42:29.914]WE ARE AS A PEOPLE.
- [00:42:32.349]THE ISSUE OF GENDER EQUALITY GLOBALLY MUST BE ADDRESSED IF
- [00:42:36.820]THE PROBLEMS THAT WE SHARE ACROSS THE WORLD ARE TO BE
- [00:42:41.058]SOLVED.
- [00:42:41.392]IT'S THE WAY THAT WE CAN BRING GREATER PEACE AND BALANCE IN
- [00:42:44.161]THIS WORLD.
- [00:42:45.296]WE'RE AT THE POINT OF FREEDOM.
- [00:42:47.231]AND THAT MEANS TWO THINGS.
- [00:42:49.099]ONE IS, IT'S MAXIMUM DANGER AND THE OTHER IS WE'RE NOT GONNA
- [00:42:56.073]STOP.
- [00:42:56.373]NICK AND SHERYL HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TELL VERY COMPELLING STORIES
- [00:42:59.276]OF PEOPLE THAT THEY EMPATHIZE WITH.
- [00:43:06.417]>> I REMEMBER LIKE THE -- I OPENED THAT ONE BECAUSE I WAS
- [00:43:14.224]LIKE, WHAT'S THAT.
- [00:43:15.292]AND THEN IT WAS THE INVITATION.
- [00:43:18.028]I IMMEDIATELY SAID YES.
- [00:43:27.471]>> WHEN I STARTED READING WHAT HALF THE SKY WAS ABOUT AND WHAT
- [00:43:32.443]THE MESSAGE IS, AND THE STORY -- >> YOU ARE SO BEAUTIFUL AND SO
- [00:43:42.252]SMART, I KNOW YOU'LL BE VERY SUCCESSFUL.
- [00:43:45.689]>> YOU CAN'T SAY NO.
- [00:43:49.193]>> I SHOULDN'T ASK BUT CAN I ASK, DID YOUR HUSBAND EVER HIT
- [00:43:54.531]YOU?
- [00:43:57.067]NO.
- [00:44:00.070]>> THEY REVOLUTIONIZED THE WAY PEOPLE TALK ABOUT AID AND MADE
- [00:44:04.308]PEOPLE FIRED UP AND INSPIRED AND MADE ME WANT TO BE OUT THERE AND
- [00:44:08.579]BE A PART OF THE MOVEMENT.
- [00:44:09.480]>> SO YOU WERE A SEX WORKER FROM WHEN TO WHEN?
- [00:44:15.352]>> I'M JUST CURIOUS HOW YOU WERE PAID FOR THAT WORK.
- [00:44:20.157]>> $0.50.
- [00:44:22.426]>> IT'S A TOUGH TOPIC.
- [00:44:26.063]THE CHALLENGE THAT WOMAN FACE AROUND THE WORLD IS NOT AN EASY
- [00:44:29.600]TOPIC TO TALK ABOUT.
- [00:44:32.503]IT IS THE CHALLENGE OF THE CENTURY.
- [00:44:35.072]>> NICK AND SHERYL ARE OUT THERE TALKING ABOUT THIS ISSUE AND NOT
- [00:44:38.609]JUST TALKING ABOUT IT THEORETICALLY BUT THEY HAVE ALL
- [00:44:40.444]THE STORIES ABOUT ACTUAL GIRLS THAT ARE GOING THROUGH SOME OF
- [00:44:44.415]THESE STRUGGLES.
- [00:44:45.582]THAT REALLY BRINGS IT TO LIFE TO A MUCH WIDER AUDIENCE.
- [00:44:52.723]>> >> DO YOU HAVE A SUPPLY OF
- [00:44:56.493]CONDOMS HERE?
- [00:44:58.228]>> NO.
- [00:44:59.096]YOU HAVE TO BUY IT.
- [00:44:59.897]>> YOU HAVE TO BUY THEM?
- [00:45:01.365]>> AS LONG AS THE VICTIMS ARE POOR, RURAL FEMALE, ILLITERATE,
- [00:45:08.238]THEY DON'T HAVE A VOICE.
- [00:45:10.974]>> TO BE PHYSICALLY PRESENT IN A PLACE IS IRRELEVANT REPLACEABLE.
- [00:45:16.280]YOU HAVE TO SHOW UP.
- [00:45:19.049]>> SHE'S FINE.
- [00:45:19.716]>> SHE IS FINE.
- [00:45:21.051]>> THIS IS LIKE A WAR MAP, A STRATEGIC MAP, WHERE DO WE NEED
- [00:45:25.022]SOMEONE TO FIGHT THE ENEMY.
- [00:45:28.926]>> CELEBRITIES CAN BRING THESE ISSUES INTO THE LIMELIGHT.
- [00:45:33.397]THAT'S JUST A NO-BRAINER.
- [00:45:34.698]THAT'S YOUR JOB, YOU KNOW, TO SHINE A LITTLE LIGHT ON PEOPLE
- [00:45:37.801]THAT ARE ACTUALLY DOING THE HARD LIFTING.
- [00:45:43.607]>> A BROTHEL?
- [00:45:45.476]>> A BROTHEL.
- [00:45:46.810]>> YOU CAN'T COME UP WITH SOMETHING MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN A
- [00:45:50.247]YOUNG INNOCENT GIRL.
- [00:45:53.383]AND IT'S WITH THAT EXPERIENCE, I MEAN, THAT HUMAN BEING, IT'S
- [00:45:59.289]UNSPEAKABLY CRUEL.
- [00:46:06.497]>> >> THEY CAN STAND UP AND SAY NO
- [00:46:12.402]IF THEY WANT TO SAY NO.
- [00:46:15.606]>> SHE'S COME BACK FOR FOLLOW-UP >> THEY NEED TO BE PART OF THE
- [00:46:29.286]SOLUTION.
- [00:46:29.653]>> STAY SAFE, OKAY?
- [00:46:31.321]SOMETIMES THE PROBLEM FEELS SO BIG THAT SAVING ONE LIFE DOESN'T
- [00:46:36.827]FEEL LIKE ENOUGH, BUT IT IS.
- [00:46:39.263]>> EVERY PERSON, EVERY CORNER OF THIS WORLD.
- [00:46:48.872]>> THIS IS NOT ROCKET SCIENCE.
- [00:46:50.707]THIS IS NOT A PROBLEM THAT IS UNSOLVABLE THAT WE HAVE TO
- [00:46:53.277]INVENT SOMETHING NEW.
- [00:46:54.778]IT JUST TAKES POLITICAL WILL.
- [00:46:58.749]>> WE WANT TO CHOOSE OUR HUSBAND.
- [00:47:04.254]WE WANT TO GO TO SCHOOL.
- [00:47:11.094]WE DON'T WANT TO BE CUT ANYMORE.
- [00:47:15.666]WE WANT TO MAKE DECISIONS.
- [00:47:20.404]WE WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS, TO BE LEADERS.
- [00:47:25.842]WE WANT TO BE EQUAL.
- [00:47:28.679]>> THE HAND THAT ROCKS THE CRADLE RULES THE WORLD, IF WE
- [00:47:35.219]ARE ABLE TO SEE REAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD, THEN OUR BEST
- [00:47:39.957]INVESTMENT IS WOMEN.
- [00:48:01.612][ APPLAUSE ]
- [00:48:14.124]>> SO THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT
- [00:48:21.898]YOU ACTUALLY CAN LEARN ABROAD, AND, YOU KNOW, IT HELPS YOU HERE
- [00:48:26.837]SOLVE MORE PROBLEMS.
- [00:48:27.838]SO I WANT TO TALK ABOUT JUST ONE VERY BRIEFLY.
- [00:48:31.475]WHICH HAS TO DO WITH A VERY CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC, POTENTIAL
- [00:48:38.282]POTENTIALLY.
- [00:48:39.016]AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FOR WOMEN.
- [00:48:42.619]SO, YOU KNOW, THERE IS A BRILLIANT ECONOMIST AT MIT WHO
- [00:48:46.523]WON THE CLARK MEDAL, WHICH IS BEST ECONOMIST UNDER 40, AND A
- [00:48:51.261]FEW YEARS AGO INDIA MANDATED THAT ONE-THIRD OF ALL OF THEIR
- [00:48:56.633]VILLAGE CHIEFS HAD TO BE WOMEN.
- [00:48:59.036]THEY JUST MANDATED THAT.
- [00:49:00.937]AND SO THEY HAD A CHANCE TO DO A HUGE SAMPLE TO EXAMINE WHAT
- [00:49:07.544]HAPPENED WHEN WOMEN BECOME VILLAGE CHIEFS.
- [00:49:10.247]AND SO THEY LOOKED AT THE FIRST GENERATION, AND THEY SAW THAT
- [00:49:15.419]THERE WAS A HUGE AMOUNT OF CRITICISM OF THE WOMEN.
- [00:49:20.891]HYPERCRITICISM.
- [00:49:21.358]THEY WERE UNEDUCATED.
- [00:49:22.392]THEY DIDN'T KNOW ANYTHING.
- [00:49:26.430]THEY WERE INEXPERIENCED.
- [00:49:29.199]BUT WHEN THE RESEARCHERS EXAMINED THE PERFORMANCE OF THIS
- [00:49:33.303]FIRST GENERATION OF WOMEN, THEY SAW THAT, ON BALANCE, COMPARED
- [00:49:36.707]TO THE MEN, THEY WERE ONLY SLIGHTLY BETTER.
- [00:49:41.778]I MEAN, THEY -- WERE ONLY SLIGHTLY BETTER.
- [00:49:44.548]THEY DID HELP WITH THINGS LIKE CLEAN WATER FOR THE VILLAGE
- [00:49:47.517]BECAUSE THEY CARED ABOUT THAT.
- [00:49:48.685]THEY KNEW FROM THEIR OWN EXPERIENCE AT HOME THAT THE
- [00:49:51.555]FAMILIES NEED TO HAVE CLEAN WATER.
- [00:49:53.256]THEY WERE LESS CORRUPT.
- [00:49:53.957]BUT THEY ALSO WERE LESS EXPERIENCED AND LESS EDUCATED.
- [00:49:56.893]SO ON BALANCE, THEY WERE ONLY SLIGHTLY BETTER.
- [00:49:59.463]BUT THERE WAS THIS HYPERCRITICISM.
- [00:50:02.299]THE VILLAGERS THOUGHT THESE WOMEN WERE REALLY BAD AS VILLAGE
- [00:50:05.402]CHIEFS.
- [00:50:05.736]THEY JUST DID NOT DO WELL.
- [00:50:08.839]THE SECOND GENERATION, THE RESEARCHERS EXAMINED HOW THE
- [00:50:14.544]WOMEN VILLAGE CHIEFS WERE, AND THE SECOND GENERATION THEY
- [00:50:18.215]FOUND, AGAIN, THAT THEY WERE ONLY SLIGHTLY BETTER.
- [00:50:22.219]ON BALANCE, THEY WERE STILL INEXPERIENCED, STILL LESS
- [00:50:25.589]EDUCATED, BUT THEY DID HELP WITH PRACTICAL THINGS LIKE GETTING
- [00:50:30.127]GOOD WATER, ON BALANCE ONLY SLIGHTLY BETTER.
- [00:50:32.396]BUT THE VILLAGERS, THE PERCEPTION WAS THAT, OH, THESE
- [00:50:36.566]WOMEN WERE ACTUALLY QUITE -- THEY WERE -- NO DIFFERENT FROM
- [00:50:40.771]MEN, THEY ACTUALLY DID A FINE JOB.
- [00:50:42.572]SO IT WAS VERY INTERESTING TO SEE THAT THE NEGATIVE BIAS IN
- [00:50:48.912]THE VERY BEGINNING HAD GONE AWAY.
- [00:50:51.014]AND SO THE QUESTION IS WHETHER OR NOT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION COULD
- [00:50:56.887]ACTUALLY SPEED UP THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE NEGATIVE
- [00:51:00.424]BIAS IN THE BEGINNING.
- [00:51:01.992]SO THAT'S JUST SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT AS TO WHETHER OR NOT
- [00:51:05.529]IT MAKES SENSE TO HAVE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES FOR
- [00:51:09.199]WOMEN.
- [00:51:10.801]JUST A THOUGHT.
- [00:51:11.601]BUT THEN I WANT TO CLOSE ON THIS, ON TWO THINGS.
- [00:51:18.141]ON BASICALLY THE QUESTION OF, YOU KNOW, WHY SHOULD YOU JOIN IN
- [00:51:24.548]A MOVEMENT TO MAKE THINGS BETTER, A CONCEPTUAL MOVEMENT
- [00:51:27.784]BECAUSE THERE'S REALLY NO MOVEMENT BUT IT'S KIND OF JOIN
- [00:51:31.188]IN A MOVEMENT TO HELP CHANGE THE WORLD AND BETTER YOUR LIVES AND
- [00:51:36.660]IMPROVE SOCIETY?
- [00:51:37.160]WHAT'S IN IT FOR YOU?
- [00:51:39.262]WHY SHOULD YOU CARE?
- [00:51:41.465]AND FOR THAT I HAVE TWO THINGS TO SAY.
- [00:51:45.735]THE FIRST IS THAT THERE ARE VERY FEW THINGS IN LIFE, ONCE WE HAVE
- [00:51:50.841]ALL OF THE MATERIAL NEEDS SATISFIED, WHICH ALL OF US HERE
- [00:51:53.410]IN THIS ROOM HAVE, THERE ARE VERY FEW THINGS IN LIFE THAT CAN
- [00:51:57.647]ACTUALLY RAISE YOUR LEVEL OF HAPPINESS.
- [00:52:01.284]CHANGE YOUR SET POINT OF HAPPINESS.
- [00:52:03.753]ONE OF THOSE THINGS IS CONTRIBUTING TO A CAUSE LARGER
- [00:52:07.924]THAN YOURSELF.
- [00:52:10.260]THE OTHER THING, AND I'LL CLOSE ON THIS, IS A STORY ABOUT AN AID
- [00:52:16.399]WORKER IN DARFUR.
- [00:52:20.537]THIS WOMAN WAS STRONG AND STEADFAST.
- [00:52:23.974]SHE SAW THINGS THAT NO HUMAN BEING SHOULD SEE.
- [00:52:29.613]BUT SHE NEVER BROKE DOWN.
- [00:52:32.749]ALL HER TIME THERE, SHE WAS JUST A STRONG AID WORKER.
- [00:52:35.986]AND THEN SHE CAME BACK FOR CHRISTMAS VACATION, SHE WAS IN
- [00:52:39.122]HER GRANDMOTHER'S BACKYARD.
- [00:52:41.925]AND SHE SAW SOMETHING THAT MADE HER BREAK DOWN IN TEARS.
- [00:52:47.464]WHAT SHE SAW WAS A BIRD FEEDER.
- [00:52:52.202]A BIRD FEEDER.
- [00:52:55.438]AND SHE REALIZED THAT SHE WAS -- SHE HAD THE GREAT FORTUNE TO BE
- [00:53:00.677]BORN IN A LAND WHERE WE TAKE FOR GRANTED FOOD, CLOTHING, HOUSING,
- [00:53:08.218]WE GET ALL THAT FOR OURSELVES.
- [00:53:11.821]WE CAN EVEN PROVIDE FOOD SO THAT WILD BIRDS DON'T GO HUNGRY IN
- [00:53:16.826]THE WINTER.
- [00:53:18.628]AND SHE REALIZED THAT WITH THAT GREAT FORTUNE, COMES GREAT
- [00:53:26.603]RESPONSIBILITY.
- [00:53:27.070]AND SO, LIKE HER, YOU, ME, WE ALL HAVE WON THE LOTTERY OF
- [00:53:32.576]LIFE.
- [00:53:33.643]THE QUESTION IS, HOW DO YOU DISCHARGE THAT RESPONSIBILITY?
- [00:53:39.049]AND SO HERE'S A CAUSE.
- [00:53:41.251]JOIN THE MOVEMENT.
- [00:53:43.053]FEEL HAPPIER.
- [00:53:44.454]MAYBE LIVE LONGER.
- [00:53:45.922]AND HELP SAVE THE WORLD.
- [00:53:48.692]THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
- [00:53:51.027][ APPLAUSE ]
- [00:54:24.594]THANK YOU.
- [00:54:31.701]THANK YOU.
- [00:54:34.871]>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR ENLIGHTENING US, OPENING OUR
- [00:54:37.674]MINDS AND BEING HERE WITH US THIS EVENING.
- [00:54:39.976]AT THIS TIME SHERYL WILL TAKE QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE.
- [00:54:42.612]YOU MAY SUBMIT YOUR QUESTIONS VIA TWITTER OR FOR OUR LIVE
- [00:54:48.618]AUDIENCE MEMBERS, YOU MAY WRITE QUESTIONS ON THE CARDS PROVIDED
- [00:54:51.388]BY THE USHER.
- [00:54:53.456]THERE'S SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE TWITTER FEED ABOUT THE RECIPE
- [00:54:56.092]FOR BANANA BEER BUT WE'LL GET TO THAT LATER.
- [00:55:02.198]THE FIRST QUESTION, WHAT CULTURAL CHANGES ARE NEEDED TO
- [00:55:04.934]VALUE WOMEN WHO ARE WHO THEY ARE, THERE I KNOW INNATE
- [00:55:12.442]DIGNITY, NOT JUST WHAT THEY DO?
- [00:55:14.511]>> NOT THINKING OF THEM AS WOMEN, BUT THINKING OF THEM AS
- [00:55:17.647]PEOPLE.
- [00:55:17.981]THE DATE WHEN WE DON'T HAVE TO SAY, WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO FOR
- [00:55:22.519]WOMEN, IS A GREAT DAY BECAUSE WE'LL JUST LOOK AT WOMEN AS
- [00:55:28.658]PEOPLE.
- [00:55:28.992]>> HOW DO WE HELP WOMEN ON A LARGER SCALE?
- [00:55:31.761]>> YOU KNOW, THERE ARE POLICIES THAT CAN BE DONE.
- [00:55:35.098]YOU CAN'T DO THIS ONE BY ONE.
- [00:55:36.933]YOU REALLY DO NEED GOVERNMENTS TO INTERVENE.
- [00:55:39.903]PARTICULARLY IN AREAS LIKE EDUCATION, FOR INSTANCE.
- [00:55:42.872]EDUCATION, YES, YOU CAN SOMEWHERE SMALL SCHOOLS, YOU CAN
- [00:55:44.941]BUILD SMALL SCHOOLS ON A PRIVATE BASIS, ONE BY ONE, BUT TO
- [00:55:49.612]EDUCATE THE NATIONS BOYS AND GIRLS, YOU NEED EDUCATION
- [00:55:53.650]POLICIES, YOU NEED THE GULF OF MEXICO TO INTERVENE AND TO
- [00:55:56.653]PROVIDE THAT EDUCATION ON A NATIONAL SCALE.
- [00:55:59.589]IN SO MANY PLACES, IT IS GETTING BETTER BUT IT IS STILL NOT
- [00:56:03.326]PERFECT.
- [00:56:04.027]EVEN IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, IN HAITI, WE DON'T HAVE, YOU
- [00:56:09.866]KNOW, A NATIONAL SCHOOL PROGRAM.
- [00:56:11.267]NOT EVERYBODY IS ENROLLED IN SCHOOL.
- [00:56:14.471]AND SO A LOT OF THESE IMPOVERISHED COUNTRIES, IT TAKES
- [00:56:18.074]A HUGE AMOUNT OF POLITICAL WILL, BUT IT CAN BE DONE.
- [00:56:21.978]ONE EXAMPLE IS IF YOU LOOK AT BANGLADESH, IT USED TO BE PART
- [00:56:29.552]OF, PAKISTAN, BUT THE TWO SPLIT OFF, AND THEY DECIDED WE'RE
- [00:56:35.658]GOING TO EDUCATE EVERYBODY, BOYS, GUSTY, THE GIRLS GET TO GO
- [00:56:39.529]TO SCHOOL, TOO.
- [00:56:40.663]SO OVER THE YEARS THEY EDUCATED A LOT OF GIRLS AND, YOU KNOW,
- [00:56:44.667]YOU SEE -- IT'S SO FUNNY THAT YOU GET -- YOU GET A NOBEL PRIZE
- [00:56:51.574]WINNER BECAUSE HE STARTED MICROFINANCE AND LENDING TO
- [00:56:55.411]WOMEN.
- [00:56:55.712]THE FOCUS ON JUST EDUCATING WOMEN AND ALLOWING THEM TO WORK,
- [00:56:59.849]BRINGING THEM INTO THE LABOR FORCE.
- [00:57:01.985]THEY HAVE FACTORIES THAT MAKE CLOTHES.
- [00:57:07.824]IT IS STILL KIND OF A BASKET CASE BUT IT IS SO MUCH BETTER
- [00:57:11.194]THAN PAKISTAN.
- [00:57:12.028]SO WE SEE HOW THE FOCUS ON WOMEN REALLY DID HELP TURN AROUND A
- [00:57:17.100]NATION.
- [00:57:17.433]>> THANKS, SHERYL.
- [00:57:18.802]FROM OUR TWITTER FEED THIS EVENING, IF YOU COULD HAVE OUR
- [00:57:22.438]CURRENT SLATE OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES ONE QUESTION, WHAT
- [00:57:24.874]WOULD IT BE?
- [00:57:25.775]>> WOW.
- [00:57:28.578]THE GAMUT.
- [00:57:32.415]WELL, I WOULD SAY, WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO TO -- WHAT POLICY
- [00:57:39.489]ARE YOU GOING TO PUSH FORWARD TO HELP ADDRESS, YOU KNOW, THE LACK
- [00:57:49.032]OF WOMEN IN ALL THE INDUSTRIES AND POLITICS AND INDUSTRY AND
- [00:57:53.603]THE CORPORATE WORLD?
- [00:57:54.704]WHAT POLICIES WILL YOU CREATE TO ACTUALLY ENCOURAGE MORE WOMEN TO
- [00:57:58.942]RISE TO THE TOP POSITIONS?
- [00:58:03.513]I'M NOT SURE WHAT TRUMP WOULD SAY.
- [00:58:08.885]>> WERE THE WOMEN VILLAGE CHIEFS IN INDIA ELECTED OR APPOINTED
- [00:58:12.355]AND HOW DO YOU THINK THAT IMPACTED THE PERCEPTION OF THEIR
- [00:58:16.693]FELLOW VILLAGERS?
- [00:58:17.594]>> THEY WERE ELECTED, AND -- BUT YOU ALWAYS HAD TO HAVE -- I
- [00:58:22.332]THINK IT WAS A COMBINATION.
- [00:58:23.566]I THINK THEY WERE STRUGGLING THROUGH HOW TO MAKE SURE THAT
- [00:58:26.569]THEY WOULD MAINTAIN THAT ONE-THIRD BUT I ACTUALLY DON'T
- [00:58:29.005]KNOW THE DETAILS, SO THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION AND I WILL LOOK
- [00:58:33.243]THAT UP.
- [00:58:34.177]>> THANK YOU.
- [00:58:34.711]WHAT ROLE DOES SEX SELECTED ABORTION PLAY IN THE MISSING
- [00:58:40.750]FEMALE PHENOMENON?
- [00:58:41.985]>> THAT DOES PLAY A LARGE RULE, PARTICULARLY IN CHINA AND INDIA
- [00:58:46.322]BECAUSE A LARGE PART OF THE MISSING FEMALES ARE FROM THOSE
- [00:58:51.160]COUNTRIES.
- [00:58:51.527]THEY HAVE SUCH LARGE POPULATIONS IN GENERAL.
- [00:58:53.096]IN FACT, IN CHINA, THERE ARE, YOU KNOW, HUGE NUMBERS OF
- [00:58:59.235]MISSING FEMALES, YOU KNOW, PROBABLY, YOU KNOW, SEVERAL TENS
- [00:59:03.439]OF MILLIONS, SO THEY MAKE UP A LARGE PORTION OF THAT 60 TO 100.
- [00:59:10.513]WHEN THE -- WHEN YOU'VE GOT THE ULTRASOUND AND PARENTS WERE ABLE
- [00:59:17.687]TO LOOK AT WHAT SEX THE FETUS WAS, OFTEN IN CHINA AND IN
- [00:59:24.661]INDIA, THEY DID ABORT THE FEMALE FETUSES.
- [00:59:28.665]IT'S NOT ALLOWED NOW.
- [00:59:31.000]BUT OBVIOUSLY THEY DIDN'T CATCH IT IN TIME FOR A LOT OF
- [00:59:35.071]ABORTIONS.
- [00:59:35.438]IN FACT, UNFORTUNATELY, IN A PLACE LIKE CHINA, THE RATIO AT
- [00:59:40.310]BIRTH OF MALES AND FEMALES, IT SHOULD BE 106 BOYS FOR 100 GIRLS
- [00:59:44.347]AT BIRTH, BUT IN CHINA IT'S SOMETHING LIKE 117 BOYS FOR
- [00:59:50.753]EVERY 100 GIRLS.
- [00:59:53.156]IT'S TOTALLY SKEWED.
- [00:59:54.724]AND THAT CREATES A HUGE PROBLEM.
- [00:59:56.392]IN FACT, THERE ARE MORE MALES IN CHINA NOW, AND SO THERE ARE A
- [01:00:00.964]LOT OF MALES THAT WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO GET MARRIED.
- [01:00:08.037]THEY HAVE -- THEY CALL THEM BARE BRANCHES.
- [01:00:14.110]AND THERE ARE SOME KIND OF FUNNY THINGS.
- [01:00:16.479]IT'S NOT SO FUNNY IN THE END BUT REALLY THEY TALK NOW ABOUT
- [01:00:19.582]SEVERAL MEN SHARING A WIFE AND THAT KIND OF THING, ALL THESE
- [01:00:23.519]CREATIVE IDEAS COMING UP BECAUSE THEY HAVE A REAL PROBLEM.
- [01:00:26.155]>> IN YOUR MAKERS WOMEN INTERVIEW, YOU DENIED BEING A
- [01:00:30.793]FEMINIST.
- [01:00:31.494]WHY IS THAT?
- [01:00:32.028]>> I JUST DON'T THINK OF BEING AN IST OR AN ISM.
- [01:00:38.835]I HAVE ENOUGH TO WORRY ABOUT THAT I DON'T SPEND THAT MUCH
- [01:00:41.804]TIME WORRYING ABOUT IT.
- [01:00:43.106]THAT'S REALLY WHAT MY RESPONSE WAS.
- [01:00:48.044]>> WHICH NEWS MEDIA DO YOU TRUST MOST?
- [01:00:52.648]>> "THE NEW YORK TIMES", OF COURSE.
- [01:00:55.018]THAT'S EASY.
- [01:00:57.754]>> YOUR HUSBAND THANKS YOU FOR THAT ANSWER, SHERYL.
- [01:01:02.892]YOU'RE NOT GOING TO TAKE THAT ONE, OKAY.
- [01:01:05.628]>> WELL, I USED TO WORK THERE, TOO.
- [01:01:09.232]>> PERHAPS A SLIGHTLY DEEPER QUESTION.
- [01:01:12.969]HOW DO YOU FEEL THE OPPRESSION OF WOMEN BEGAN?
- [01:01:16.339]>> Ms. WuDunn: THAT I DON'T HAVE A GREAT ANSWER FOR.
- [01:01:17.840]YOU KNOW, IT'S -- I DON'T THINK IT'S -- IF YOU GO BACK TO, YOU
- [01:01:24.947]KNOW, ANCIENT ROME, EVEN BEFORE THAT IN THE PERIOD OF -- IN
- [01:01:30.753]CHINA, YOU KNOW, 4,000, 5,000 YEARS OF HISTORY, YOU KNOW, WAY
- [01:01:33.823]BACK THEN, I JUST DON'T KNOW HOW, YOU KNOW, IT EVER STARTED.
- [01:01:40.129]I THINK THAT ONE OF THE THEORIES IS THAT WHEN WE WERE AN
- [01:01:48.571]AGRICULTURAL-BASED SOCIETY AND BRAUN COUNTED MUCH MORE THAN
- [01:01:51.941]BRAIN, WELL THEN MEN WERE STRONGER AND SO THEY WON THAT
- [01:01:56.279]BATTLE.
- [01:01:56.612]THEY WERE ALWAYS STRONGER.
- [01:01:58.548]SO NOW, IT'S SORT OF, YOU KNOW, WE DON'T LIVE BY AGRICULTURE
- [01:02:04.253]ANYMORE.
- [01:02:04.620]AND BRAWN ISN'T AS STRONG -- IT DOESN'T COUNT FOR AS MUCH AND
- [01:02:09.158]BRAINS COUNT FOR A LOT AND WOMEN HAVE NO DEARTH OF BRAINS.
- [01:02:15.598]SO THAT MAY HAVE COUNTED FOR SOME OF THE SHIFT.
- [01:02:17.934]>> AND A QUESTION FROM OUR LIVE STUDIO AUDIENCE THIS EVENING.
- [01:02:21.237]WHAT STEPS CAN BE TAKEN TO COMBAT GENDER INEQUALITY?
- [01:02:29.479]>> YOU KNOW, I THINK THAT -- I DON'T KNOW A HUGE AMOUNT ABOUT
- [01:02:36.185]THE RELIGIOUS PROCESS BUT I DO THINK THAT YOU DO NEED
- [01:02:43.192]LEADERSHIP.
- [01:02:43.593]YOU NEED LEADERSHIP AT THE TOP TO TAKE BOLD STEPS.
- [01:02:48.498]WE MAY BE SEEING A LITTLE BIT OF THAT FROM THE POPE.
- [01:02:52.702]YOU KNOW, CERTAINLY IN SOME RELIGIONS THERE ARE WOMEN GROUPS
- [01:02:57.507]THAT ARE FORMING WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION AND THEY ARE TRYING
- [01:03:04.080]TO AT LEAST, YOU KNOW, BUILD A NETWORK WITHIN THE RELIGIONS.
- [01:03:08.918]THERE'S WOMEN VISION, PART OF WORLD VISION.
- [01:03:13.055]AND SO YOU SEE SOME OF -- SOME STEPS TOWARD -- YOU CAN'T CALL
- [01:03:19.795]IT EQUALITY, BUT IMPROVING THE STATUS OF WOMEN WITHIN
- [01:03:25.168]RELIGIONS.
- [01:03:25.535]IT'S VERY TOUGH.
- [01:03:27.904]IT'S A TOUGH ISSUE.
- [01:03:30.006]AND UNLESS THERE IS LEADERSHIP AT THE TOP THAT
- [01:03:37.046]IS WILLING TO BE MORE OPEN ON THIS ISSUE, I THINK WE WILL ONLY
- [01:03:40.216]SEE VERY, VERY SLOW PROGRESS.
- [01:03:43.152]>> HOW DO WE BRING WORLD CHANGES TO STOP VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
- [01:03:46.689]IN THE U.S. AND ABROAD?
- [01:03:49.292]>> I DO THINK THAT THAT STARTS WITH, YOU KNOW, EDUCATION, AT
- [01:03:55.898]THE VERY YOUNGEST LEVEL.
- [01:03:59.035]STARTING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION.
- [01:04:02.572]I THINK ALSO THAT WE ARE -- WE TALK ABOUT THIS -- WE ACTUALLY
- [01:04:08.578]ARE WIRED TO BE COMPASSIONATE.
- [01:04:11.547]THERE IS A COMPASSION GENE THAT WE HAVE.
- [01:04:15.985]THERE ARE VARYING DEGREES OF COMPASSION THAT WE ARE BORN
- [01:04:20.923]WITH.
- [01:04:21.224]AND THERE'S ACTUALLY A GENE THAT SOME RESEARCHERS ARE ISOLATING
- [01:04:27.363]AND THEY GET INTO SORT OF THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF GENE, WHETHER
- [01:04:34.537]YOU'RE AN AA OR A GG, AND GGs ARE NOT FOR GOOD GOOD, BUT IT'S
- [01:04:40.409]KIND OF -- IT COULD MEAN GOOD GOOD.
- [01:04:42.245]YOU JUST HAVE A LOT OF COMPASSION.
- [01:04:44.380]SO PEOPLE LIKE MOTHER THERESA, NATURALLY COMPASSIONATE, WHERE
- [01:04:51.354]AS PEOPLE LIKE MACHIAVELLIA, NATURALLY NOT COMPASSIONATE.
- [01:04:58.361]MOST OF US ARE IN BETWEEN.
- [01:04:59.462]WHAT'S REALLY ENCOURAGING IS THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY CULTIVATE
- [01:05:04.333]COMPASSION.
- [01:05:04.734]YOU CAN ACTUALLY RAISE PEOPLE TO BE MORE COMPASSIONATE BECAUSE
- [01:05:08.638]THE ENVIRONMENT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT, AND IT CAN HAVE A
- [01:05:11.874]HUGE INFLUENCE.
- [01:05:12.475]SO I THINK THAT WE NEED TO RAISE OUR KIDS TO BECOME MORE
- [01:05:17.813]COMPASSIONATE AND I THINK THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT.
- [01:05:20.249]AND TO RAISE THEM TO UNDERSTAND THAT, YOU KNOW, WOMEN ARE NOT
- [01:05:25.755]OBJECTS, THEY'RE NOT THINGS TO BE KICKED, THAT THEY ARE, YOU
- [01:05:28.891]KNOW, HUMAN BEINGS THAT YOU SHOULD RESPECT.
- [01:05:30.359]SO I THINK THAT'S WHERE IT'S IN RAISING, WE START WITH THE
- [01:05:35.665]INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, AND THEN YOU HAVE TO -- IF THERE COULD BE
- [01:05:39.168]LARGER POLICIES THAT ALSO REFLECT THESE KINDS OF
- [01:05:43.839]ATTITUDES, THEN WE REALLY CAN MAKE PROGRESS TOWARDS THAT.
- [01:05:48.144]BUT THERE'S SOME SOCIETIES THAT ARE MUCH MORE EQUAL IN TERMS OF
- [01:05:53.416]MALE/FEMALE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT, YOU KNOW, THE
- [01:05:56.752]CORPORATE WORLD AND SUCH, THAT ARE DOING A BETTER JOB THAN WE
- [01:05:59.422]ARE HERE IN THE U.S.
- [01:06:01.490]>> THANKS, SHERYL.
- [01:06:02.925]A QUESTION RECENTLY TWEETED, WHAT IS YOUR MEASURE OF SUCCESS
- [01:06:05.394]FOR THE GENDER EQUALITY AND EDUCATION MOVEMENT IN DEVELOPING
- [01:06:10.466]COUNTRIES?
- [01:06:10.833]>> THAT'S -- THERE ARE -- THE UN PUTS OUT A HUGE NUMBER OF
- [01:06:16.205]INDICES BY WHICH THEY MEASURE THE PROGRESS OF COUNTRIES, AND,
- [01:06:23.179]YOU KNOW, I'M NOT AN EXPERT ON THAT BUT THEY HAVE EVERYTHING
- [01:06:26.115]FROM, YOU KNOW, WHAT AGE GIRLS ACTUALLY END UP CONTINUING
- [01:06:29.819]SCHOOL IN, SO THERE ARE 60 MILLION GIRLS, SOMETHING LIKE
- [01:06:35.558]THAT, WHO ARE -- 50, 60, WHO ARE NOT IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AND THEY
- [01:06:39.328]SHOULD BE.
- [01:06:41.397]THEY LOOK AT IT BY COUNTRY, WHAT LEVEL OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
- [01:06:46.469]A LOT OF THESE GIRLS GET TO.
- [01:06:48.270]SO THAT'S ONE OF THE BASIC STATISTICS.
- [01:06:51.974]AND THEN THERE'S ALSO JOBS AS WELL.
- [01:06:56.345]THIS IS A HUGE AREA.
- [01:06:57.913]>> HOW DO WE GET MORE MEN INVOLVED AS CHAMPIONS FOR GENDER
- [01:07:02.551]EQUALITY?
- [01:07:02.918]>> Ms. WuDunn: THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
- [01:07:05.421]AND SO IT'S GREAT TO HAVE YOU, MIKE, ASKING THESE QUESTIONS
- [01:07:09.992]ABOUT WOMEN.
- [01:07:10.993]IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT FOR US TO THINK THAT THIS IS NOT A WOMEN'S
- [01:07:13.763]ISSUE; THIS IS A SOCIAL ISSUE.
- [01:07:15.331]WE NEED TO CHANGE ATTITUDES IN SOCIETY.
- [01:07:18.934]THAT'S WHY NICK AND I WROTE THE BOOK TOGETHER, A MAN AND A
- [01:07:21.904]WOMAN, BECAUSE WE REALLY THINK THAT, IN ORDER TO CHANGE
- [01:07:26.275]SOCIETY, EVERYONE HAS TO CHANGE THEIR ATTITUDE.
- [01:07:29.178]IF IT'S JUST THE WOMEN SAYING, THEN WE SORT OF LOST THE BATTLE
- [01:07:32.815]ALREADY.
- [01:07:33.149]WE HAVEN'T EVEN STARTED.
- [01:07:36.352]AND IT'S IMPORTANT JUST TO LOOK AT, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE AS HUMAN
- [01:07:40.990]BEINGS, AND HAVE A GREATER RESPECT FOR THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE
- [01:07:45.394]AS INDIVIDUALS.
- [01:07:46.328]I THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO EMBRACE MEN IN THIS ENDEAVOR AS
- [01:07:52.968]WELL AND NOT ISOLATE THEM OR ALIENATE THEM.
- [01:07:56.172]SO A LOT OF PROGRAMS THAT ARE, YOU KNOW, BEING CONDUCTED FOR
- [01:07:59.475]INSTANCE IN PARTS OF AFRICA WHERE THERE ARE THINGS LIKE
- [01:08:02.778]FEMALE CUTTING, FOR INSTANCE, THEY ARE TRYING TO INVOLVE MEN
- [01:08:05.781]IN THE PROCESS SO THAT THE MEN ACTUALLY -- IT'S A VERY
- [01:08:09.685]COMPLICATED ISSUE.
- [01:08:10.352]I GUESS THE EASIEST WAY I CAN EXPLAIN IT IS THAT WHEN -- YOU
- [01:08:15.024]KNOW, IN CHINA, FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS, ALMOST A THOUSAND YEARS,
- [01:08:19.127]THEY HAD SOMETHING CALLED FOOT BINDING.
- [01:08:21.564]I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE HEARD OF THAT, WHERE THEY
- [01:08:23.532]ACTUALLY TOOK A LITTLE GIRL'S FOOT, BOUND IT, MY GRANDMOTHER'S
- [01:08:27.002]FEET WERE BOUND.
- [01:08:28.136]IT'S AWFUL.
- [01:08:30.872]AWFUL.
- [01:08:31.173]AND IT WASN'T JUST A WOMEN'S THING.
- [01:08:33.975]IT WAS MOTHERS DOING IT TO THEIR DAUGHTERS.
- [01:08:37.446]IT TURNED OUT THE REASON IT HAPPENED IS THAT THE MEN WANTED
- [01:08:39.747]TO MARRY WOMEN WITH BOUND FEET AND THEY THOUGHT A WOMAN WASN'T
- [01:08:43.419]REALLY WHOLE IF SHE DIDN'T HAVE BOUND FEET.
- [01:08:45.621]AND SO THEY HAD TO -- IT TURNED OUT THEY WERE WESTERNERS WHO
- [01:08:50.059]WERE APPALLED AT THIS PRACTICE AND STARTED TO OVERCOME IT.
- [01:08:53.295]ONE OF THE FEW INSTANCES WHERE OUTSIDERS REALLY DID A GREAT
- [01:08:55.698]JOB.
- [01:08:55.965]THEY CONVINCED CHINA'S INTELLECTUALS TO SAY THIS IS A
- [01:08:59.902]TEAR YOU BELIEVE THING, AND THEY STARTED SAYING THIS IS A SHAME
- [01:09:02.971]ON OUR SOCIETY.
- [01:09:04.506]AND THAT WASN'T ENOUGH.
- [01:09:05.608]THEY WENT TO LOCAL -- SOMETHING CALLED A LOCAL MARRIAGE
- [01:09:08.810]ASSOCIATION, WHO WERE HELPING BROKER A LOT OF THESE MARRIAGES,
- [01:09:11.380]AND IT TURNED OUT THAT THEY WERE PIVOTAL.
- [01:09:14.383]WHEN YOU CONVINCE THE MARRIAGE ASSOCIATION THAT IT WAS OKAY FOR
- [01:09:18.053]MEN TO MARRY WOMEN WHO DIDN'T HAVE BOUND FEET, THAT'S WHEN
- [01:09:21.290]THINGS STARTED TO CHANGE.
- [01:09:23.725]AND IN THE GENERATION, YOU HAD FOOT BINDING JUST DISAPPEAR.
- [01:09:27.529]SO YOU REALLY CAN CHANGE CULTURE AND IT CAN HAPPEN VERY, VERY
- [01:09:31.834]FAST.
- [01:09:32.134]BUT YOU NEED TO FIGURE OUT, GIVEN THE PARTICULAR PRACTICE,
- [01:09:35.571]WHAT IS THE BEST WAY OF DOING IT.
- [01:09:38.307]>> SHERYL, CONTINUING TO SEE ON OUR TWITTER FEED MORE QUESTIONS
- [01:09:41.042]ABOUT THE BANANA BEER RECIPE, YOU MAY WANT TO BRING THAT WITH
- [01:09:44.113]YOU TO THE BOOK SIGNING AFTER THE TALK TONIGHT.
- [01:09:48.216]AFFIRMATIVE ACTION WORKS IN SOME COUNTRIES AND HAS ALSO CREATED
- [01:09:53.923]TOKEN LEADERSHIP.
- [01:09:56.292]AFFIRMATIVE ACTION CAN CREATE A TOKEN LEADERSHIP POSITION IN
- [01:09:58.961]SOME COUNTRIES.
- [01:09:59.461]HOW DO WE FIX THAT?
- [01:10:01.363]>> THEY'VE ACTUALLY DONE SOME RESEARCH ON AT WHAT LEVEL BEING
- [01:10:06.869]A FEMALE REALLY MATTERS, SO THERE WERE SOME -- THERE WAS
- [01:10:12.741]SOME RESEARCH THAT SHOWS THAT AT THE VERY, VERY TOP, IT MAY NOT
- [01:10:16.946]MAKE A DIFFERENCE.
- [01:10:17.880]COUNTRIES LIKE THE PHILIPPINES AND PAKISTAN, THEY'VE HAD WOMEN
- [01:10:23.319]LEADERS.
- [01:10:23.652]IT DOESN'T MAKE THAT MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE.
- [01:10:26.188]IT'S WHEN YOU GET TO THAT VILLAGE CHIEF LEVEL.
- [01:10:28.390]THAT'S WHEN YOU CAN HAVE A LITTLE BIT MORE OF A DIFFERENCE.
- [01:10:31.894]WE SAW IT -- THEY WERE MARGINALLY BETTER, RIGHT?
- [01:10:35.297]BUT THEY ALSO PROVIDE ROLE MODELS BECAUSE THEY'RE MUCH
- [01:10:38.567]CLOSER TO THE ORDINARY PEOPLE.
- [01:10:41.170]AND THEY PROVIDE ROLE MODELS FOR WOMEN, FOR GROWING GIRLS AND
- [01:10:45.407]WOMEN.
- [01:10:45.708]AND THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT.
- [01:10:48.410]THAT'S ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS, IS JUST PROVIDING ROLE
- [01:10:51.780]MODELS FOR GIRLS, PARTICULARLY IN SOCIETIES LIKE PAKISTAN AND
- [01:10:55.718]INDIA WHERE, YOU KNOW, THE RIGHTS FOR WOMEN ARE REALLY
- [01:11:03.092]PRETTY WEAK.
- [01:11:04.393]AND SO I DO THINK THAT THAT'S -- THAT'S WHERE IT COUNTS MORE.
- [01:11:08.697]>> ALL RIGHT.
- [01:11:09.465]LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, BEFORE SHERYL TAKES HER FINAL QUESTION
- [01:11:11.533]THIS EVENING, I WANTED TO MENTION THAT THE THEM FOR NEXT
- [01:11:15.537]YEAR'S E.N. THOMPSON FORUM ON WORLD ISSUES WILL BE CROSSING
- [01:11:17.973]BORDERS.
- [01:11:18.307]WE HOPE THAT YOU'LL JOIN US FOR ANOTHER REMARKABLE SERIES OF
- [01:11:22.211]SPEAKERS.
- [01:11:22.578]OUR LAST QUESTION THIS EVENING, WHAT CAN EACH OF US GO HOME AND
- [01:11:25.581]DO RIGHT NOW?
- [01:11:31.186]>> Ms. WuDunn: WELL, YOU KNOW, WHAT I TELL PEOPLE IS THAT YOU
- [01:11:33.656]HAVE TO FIND SOMETHING THAT YOU'RE INTERESTED IN.
- [01:11:35.858]DON'T JUST JUMP ON A CAUSE BECAUSE EVERYONE ELSE IS.
- [01:11:38.627]YOU HAVE TO CHOOSE SOMETHING THAT YOU CARE ABOUT BECAUSE
- [01:11:41.063]THAT'S HOW YOU'LL GET MORE INVOLVED, AND YOU'LL BE
- [01:11:44.233]MOTIVATED TO STAY INVOLVED.
- [01:11:44.933]DO IT WITH A BUNCH OF FRIENDS.
- [01:11:47.202]FIND SOME FRIENDS AND TALK ABOUT A FEW ISSUES AND THEN CHOOSE AN
- [01:11:50.205]ISSUE TOGETHER THAT ALL OF YOU CAN, YOU KNOW, JOIN IN TOGETHER,
- [01:11:54.143]MAYBE GET INVOLVED IN AN ORGANIZATION AND, YOU KNOW, JOIN
- [01:11:59.114]THAT ORGANIZATION OR HELP IN YOUR LOCAL COMMUNITY, HELP THAT
- [01:12:04.019]ORGANIZATION BUILD A PRESENCE IN THAT COMMUNITY OR HELP DELIVER A
- [01:12:09.658]SERVICE OR OBVIOUSLY THERE'S ALWAYS, YOU KNOW, CONTRIBUTIONS
- [01:12:14.263]THAT YOU CAN MAKE.
- [01:12:15.064]BUT I THINK THE KEY IS JUST TO TAKE THAT FIRST STEP BECAUSE
- [01:12:19.435]NOTHING HAPPENS IF YOU DON'T TAKE THAT FIRST STEP.
- [01:12:21.637]AND TO REALIZE THAT IT'S JUST NOT A BURDEN AND IN FACT WHEN
- [01:12:26.775]YOU FIND THAT YOU TAKE THAT FIRST STEP, YOU'LL FIND THAT,
- [01:12:29.745]YOU KNOW, IT REALLY CAN BE VERY REWARDING.
- [01:12:33.649]AND IF IT'S REWARDING, THEN YOU'RE HAPPIER, AND THAT'S
- [01:12:36.385]WHAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT IN LIFE.
- [01:12:37.886]SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
- [01:12:40.923][ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU.
- [01:12:49.631]>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR POWERFUL EXAMPLE OF ACTIVISM.
- [01:12:53.268]THANKS FOR VISITING LINCOLN AND THANKS FOR SIGNING BOOKS IN THE
- [01:12:57.172]BACK.
- [01:12:57.573]THANKS, EVERYONE.
- [01:12:59.074]GOOD NIGHT.
- [01:13:01.944]>> Ms. WuDunn: THANK YOU.
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