Zachary Smith (Short Presentation)
Eric Buck
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08/01/2024
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6
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Using Earlage in Feedlots
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- [00:00:00.000]Hi Zach Smith here South Dakota State University with you at the 2024 silage for beef conference
- [00:00:11.100]to discuss with you the talk I gave at this year's program title of my presentation was
- [00:00:16.960]using earlage and feedlots but first want to discuss with you to get the nomenclature right
- [00:00:22.820]on what we will be talking about as earlage or high moisture ear corn all right so first
- [00:00:27.520]first column there we have the bracket around the entire crop this would be corn silage we take the
- [00:00:33.320]entire crop including including leaf husk stalk shank corn all of the above back in the day and
- [00:00:43.220]we would ensile this somewhere between 32 and 38 percent dry matter back in the day would have
- [00:00:51.520]been opportunities to harvest the corn crop at the level of the lowest ear and take all
- [00:00:57.460]of the corn that was in the ground and then we would ensile this somewhere between 32 and 38
- [00:00:57.500]of the husk shank and stock material above that and that was actually called earlage
- [00:01:02.620]and then there's snaplage and that's where by by the means of taking snaplage we're trying to
- [00:01:08.680]to take as much of the corn the cob and the husk and return back as much of the leaf
- [00:01:15.460]and the stock to the field and so what we call earlage or high moisture ear corn today is
- [00:01:21.620]probably more like snaplage and and not what what folks would have called earlage of other
- [00:01:27.440]times this was a slide that I actually took from Dr. DeCostanzo he he and I had a sabbatical to go
- [00:01:33.960]back over this work after I'd submitted the materials for this conference and just want to
- [00:01:37.920]talk about your high moisture endpoints with corn silage we have the benefits of yield taking fiber
- [00:01:43.960]and starch the problem with this is that we don't take any residue back to the field high moisture
- [00:01:49.060]ear corn we have yield we have a blend of fiber with starch and some residue that is left in the
- [00:01:57.380]field and then with high moisture ear corn we have high levels of starch that's readily digestible
- [00:02:02.560]and we also have residue left so different endpoints result in the need to integrate
- [00:02:07.860]the addition of manure back into the crop field to supply nutrients back to the crop ground
- [00:02:13.900]some studies that i'll actually recap today include the earlage survey
- [00:02:18.300]and talk about the things you got to do right in harvest really the things that i
- [00:02:23.360]gleaned from the information gathered in the survey was
- [00:02:27.320]is that at a minimum the people that we surveyed did the things you would expect
- [00:02:31.800]to be done right they covered their silage pile
- [00:02:33.700]they processed their material prior to feeding it
- [00:02:36.340]and they used weights on the sides just the bare minimum of things that we
- [00:02:43.280]talk about and so that was good and so it's biased our survey results
- [00:02:47.100]only probably indicate that of good silage earlage producers some things
- [00:02:52.080]that were gleaned from that in regards to primarily the dry matter
- [00:02:56.940]of the material that we surveyed and the things that we talked about
- [00:02:57.300]material at the time of ensiling as we take earlage material past 75% dry matter 25% moisture
- [00:03:03.820]there's there's inadequate fermentation as evidenced by really a lack of lactic acid
- [00:03:09.150]production. I'm going to talk about a study that's ongoing at SDSU looking at earlage as a roughage
- [00:03:17.410]source all right so the intrinsic benefit of taking earlage as a crop benefit is that you
- [00:03:22.090]get processed grain and forage and we are working now at SDSU to actually figure out what the true
- [00:03:27.890]roughage equivalent is of the non-grain component contained in earlage and then finally to close
- [00:03:34.850]these are some data that Alfredo would have put together for a talk he gave earlier this week that
- [00:03:40.290]I think is is relevant to the particular discussion here today this would have been a data generated
- [00:03:46.770]from out of Minnesota through the Minnesota Finbin farm input system total average expenses
- [00:03:55.250]including labor and management for corn silage
- [00:03:57.830]in their database they call snaplage which is earlage or corn grain and in this particular
- [00:04:04.150]instance we can see here that that snaplage there you can see the price in the red bar
- [00:04:11.270]is the most variable and and also the greatest so likely due to the fact that this is a custom
- [00:04:18.490]harvested and so over time and in the Finbin data the past 10 years it appears that producing
- [00:04:24.850]snaplage is either the greatest expense or the most variable
- [00:04:27.770]and the university studies 10 studies going back to the early 90s comparing the effect of use of
- [00:04:35.930]earlage at least from 35 to nearly 90 percent dry matter inclusion indicate that that there is no
- [00:04:43.310]benefit to earlage at least dry corn wet corn or barley and so if you take a look here average
- [00:04:49.910]daily gains are the open circles and so a positive number would be beneficial intakes the red closed
- [00:04:57.710]number would be better and feed to gain conversion ratio a negative number would be better and in all
- [00:05:03.710]these cases it's either poor or par and so no cases and we're feeding earlage was better overall
- [00:05:12.650]conclusions is that earlage might fit as an additional crop crop endpoint in regards to
- [00:05:18.110]harvest workload and manure application timing we really think though moving forward is that
- [00:05:24.110]it's really tough to get corn silage earlage and high moisture corn and
- [00:05:27.650]the cost to produce earlage relative to the cost cost to produce a relative to the no apparent
- [00:05:35.570]improvements in regards to cattle growth performance mean that it really has to fit
- [00:05:38.990]into a probably a cropping endpoint as regards to how that fits for your harvest workload and
- [00:05:43.730]manure application timing key factors to control with earlage quality are going to be particle
- [00:05:48.410]size when you harvest it make sure your kernel processing it and dry matter at the timing of
- [00:05:52.610]site and siling and the SDSU data that we're working through at least through the first 56 days it
- [00:05:57.590]does appear that it can be used exclusively as the roughage source and beef cattle finishing diets
- [00:06:03.350]Thank you.
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