2024 General Standards Inital

Frank Bright Author

01/02/2024 Added

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General Standards Initial Training for 2024

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[00:00:00.032](upbeat ambient music)
[00:00:13.410]Hello and welcome to Pre-Certification
[00:00:15.690]Pesticide Safety Training
[00:00:17.250]for Commercial and Non-Commercial Applicators.
[00:00:20.160]My name is Greg Puckett, and I'm an Extension Associate
[00:00:23.130]with the University of Nebraska
[00:00:24.720]Pesticide Safety Education Program.
[00:00:27.690]This program is intended for those
[00:00:29.460]seeking to become certified
[00:00:30.900]for a Nebraska Pesticide Applicator license
[00:00:33.510]for the first time.
[00:00:35.640]Today's program will consist of three parts.
[00:00:38.760]The morning session will cover pesticide safety information
[00:00:41.820]that is relevant to all types of applicators.
[00:00:44.610]We call this information general standards.
[00:00:47.790]After lunch, you will view one or more training videos
[00:00:50.850]that focus on the specific category or categories
[00:00:54.180]of pesticide application you plan to perform
[00:00:57.330]as part of your job.
[00:00:59.370]We strongly recommend that you limit yourself
[00:01:01.530]to one afternoon category today.
[00:01:04.710]During the third part of today's program,
[00:01:06.900]you will have the opportunity
[00:01:08.160]to take your applicator certification exams.
[00:01:12.330]The Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[00:01:14.460]which administers applicator licensing
[00:01:17.100]has a cell phone policy in place
[00:01:18.990]for this training and exam session.
[00:01:21.750]Please silence or turn off your cell phone,
[00:01:24.030]and do not use it or other electronic devices,
[00:01:27.030]while training or exams are in progress.
[00:01:30.210]If you violate this policy,
[00:01:31.860]the Department of Agriculture Inspector
[00:01:33.990]attending today's program may confiscate your device
[00:01:37.020]for the duration of the program,
[00:01:39.060]or dismiss you from the meeting, and deny you certification.
[00:01:43.530]The certification exams you will take today
[00:01:45.720]are based on the study manuals and other materials
[00:01:48.360]produced by the Pesticide Safety Education Program.
[00:01:52.290]Today's pre-certification training consists
[00:01:54.750]of video reviews of these manuals.
[00:01:57.810]Studying the manuals is the best way to prepare
[00:02:00.390]for your certification exams.
[00:02:02.760]If you have not studied these manuals
[00:02:04.470]before today's program,
[00:02:05.880]you may find your certification exams difficult.
[00:02:09.420]If you have brought your study materials with you,
[00:02:11.880]feel free to use them, and follow along with the videos.
[00:02:15.570]This morning's general standards training
[00:02:17.370]is a review of the core manual
[00:02:19.350]and the general standards folder that accompanies it.
[00:02:23.280]All potential applicators must pass an exam
[00:02:26.010]based on the general standards,
[00:02:27.960]plus at least one category-specific exam.
[00:02:32.490]These exams are closed book,
[00:02:34.260]and a passing score is 70% or higher.
[00:02:37.860]Once the Department of Agriculture processes your exam,
[00:02:41.220]you'll be notified of your results.
[00:02:43.890]If you fail an exam,
[00:02:45.180]you can attend a testing-only session to attempt it again.
[00:02:49.290]Testing-only dates are listed
[00:02:50.880]on the Department of Agriculture's website.
[00:02:53.790]You can attempt these exams as many times as you want.
[00:02:57.900]Lastly, if you need to add a new applicator category
[00:03:01.290]to an existing license, you must pass that category's exam.
[00:03:06.510]Now let's get started.
[00:03:08.400]Each chapter in your core manual lists learning objectives.
[00:03:12.450]Mastery of these learning objectives
[00:03:14.370]is key to passing the general standards exam.
[00:03:17.608](upbeat ambient music)
[00:03:22.230]Now let's get started.
[00:03:24.480]Each chapter in your core manual lists learning objectives.
[00:03:28.410]Mastery of these learning objectives
[00:03:30.420]is key to passing the general standards exam.
[00:03:34.260]Chapter one covers pest management.
[00:03:36.810]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[00:03:40.110]define pest, state the four main groups of pests,
[00:03:44.190]and give an example of each,
[00:03:46.890]discuss the importance of pest identification
[00:03:49.470]in pest control,
[00:03:51.390]list six general pest management methods,
[00:03:54.780]define integrated pest management or IPM,
[00:03:58.440]list five benefits of using IPM,
[00:04:01.920]discuss how using one or more control options
[00:04:04.320]can improve pest control,
[00:04:06.720]describe how selectivity and persistence
[00:04:09.180]affect chemical controls,
[00:04:11.550]explain how pest population levels
[00:04:13.710]trigger control procedures,
[00:04:16.470]distinguish between prevention and suppression
[00:04:19.080]when developing pest management goals,
[00:04:22.140]give several reasons why pesticide applications may fail,
[00:04:26.640]explain the importance of a pesticides mode of action
[00:04:29.790]in managing pesticide resistance,
[00:04:32.730]and list two tactics that will minimize the development
[00:04:35.640]of pesticide resistance.
[00:04:37.362](upbeat ambient music)
[00:04:42.090]So what is a pest?
[00:04:44.010]A pest is any organism that humans deem to be undesirable.
[00:04:48.990]So a pest might do things like destroy or damage crops
[00:04:53.460]or our structures,
[00:04:55.980]they may pose a threat to human health,
[00:04:58.410]or the health of livestock,
[00:05:00.900]or they may reduce an area's aesthetic
[00:05:03.630]or recreational value for human activities.
[00:05:07.410]So that's really what a pest is.
[00:05:08.790]So when we talk about pests,
[00:05:10.260]we usually kind of group them into four main groups.
[00:05:13.380]The first group is weeds.
[00:05:15.930]Weeds are any undesirable plant,
[00:05:18.570]weeds can do things like compete with crops,
[00:05:22.410]which can reduce yields, and things like that,
[00:05:25.200]they can be dangerous if they're poisonous,
[00:05:27.360]they can pose a danger to foraging livestock,
[00:05:30.960]they can obstruct the view of drivers on roadways,
[00:05:35.250]and they can obstruct power lines,
[00:05:37.680]making those areas unsafe,
[00:05:40.290]they can detract from a site's aesthetic appeal or beauty,
[00:05:44.010]you know, in a park or a lawn,
[00:05:46.680]and then of course, we've got invasive species
[00:05:49.140]and noxious weeds that are a problem, as well,
[00:05:52.470]just in their own right,
[00:05:54.720]and one thing to note about weeds is that
[00:05:56.910]a certain plant may be a weeded in certain sites,
[00:06:00.450]but maybe not in others,
[00:06:01.680]so maybe a dandelion in a crop field,
[00:06:04.590]or a lawn is a weeded,
[00:06:07.290]but maybe if it's out in the wild, in a forest,
[00:06:09.750]it's not maybe considered a weed.
[00:06:13.830]Invertebrates, so animals without backbones
[00:06:17.340]can be pests, as well,
[00:06:19.470]these include insects, arachnids such as spiders and mites,
[00:06:24.000]and mollusks, as well.
[00:06:25.830]So invertebrate press can be pests
[00:06:29.460]in that they can also damage crops or livestock,
[00:06:33.510]they can invade human dwellings or other structures,
[00:06:37.770]they can cause health problems for humans, such as asthma,
[00:06:41.820]and they can be vectors for diseases,
[00:06:44.940]and then they can also just damage stored goods
[00:06:48.000]or wooden structures, as well.
[00:06:50.460]So they can definitely be pests
[00:06:52.080]in a number of different ways.
[00:06:54.780]Vertebrates or animals with backbones can also be pests,
[00:06:59.070]we typically may think of rodents,
[00:07:01.590]but vertebrate pests can also be birds, fish,
[00:07:07.140]other mammals like deer, that maybe get into gardens,
[00:07:10.160]or things like that,
[00:07:12.270]and so yeah, vertebrate pests can damage your property,
[00:07:16.590]they can invade structures, as well, and they can reduce
[00:07:20.760]a site's recreational potential as well,
[00:07:23.520]so those are ways that those can be pests.
[00:07:27.030]And then the last group of pests is plant diseases.
[00:07:31.110]These plant diseases can be caused
[00:07:33.060]by both living agents and non-living agents.
[00:07:37.200]So mostly we'll be taught, we'll, you know,
[00:07:39.630]you'll focus on the living agents that cause diseases,
[00:07:42.540]such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and even nematodes,
[00:07:48.660]but some of the non-living agents
[00:07:50.610]that can cause plants to develop diseases are, you know,
[00:07:53.850]temperature extremes, pollution that they're exposed to,
[00:07:58.500]or if there's too many or too few nutrients
[00:08:02.790]for those plants, that can also lead to the development
[00:08:05.850]of diseases, as well.
[00:08:08.610]So when we're talking about controlling pests,
[00:08:11.880]or managing pests, identifying those pests correctly
[00:08:14.970]is really a critical first step.
[00:08:18.150]It enables you to effectively control them,
[00:08:22.410]because when you are able to correctly identify a pest,
[00:08:26.070]then you can kind of begin to understand
[00:08:28.170]that pest's biology, their lifecycle,
[00:08:32.100]and so you can kind of learn to, you know,
[00:08:34.410]some pests won't look the same
[00:08:36.510]at different stages of their lifecycle,
[00:08:38.340]so being familiar with how they develop in that lifecycle
[00:08:43.500]can help you recognize them at different stages of life,
[00:08:47.640]and then also knowing that can tell you
[00:08:50.880]at what stage in their life are those pests most vulnerable
[00:08:55.740]to control measures,
[00:08:57.300]so how can you get the most control for your efforts.
[00:09:02.070]And so there are a number of resources out there
[00:09:05.670]available for helping you to identify pests,
[00:09:09.420]be sure to look for extension publications,
[00:09:12.300]there's field guides, and books,
[00:09:14.310]and resources out on the internet, as well,
[00:09:17.670]and then you're also always encouraged
[00:09:20.250]if you would like to reach out
[00:09:22.590]to your Nebraska Extension Specialists,
[00:09:25.290]this website here is kind of it just a directory,
[00:09:29.130]and you can find people by their specialties on there,
[00:09:31.980]so that's a handy tool, as well.
[00:09:35.070]So integrated pest management
[00:09:38.734]is kind of the preferred method of managing pests.
[00:09:45.120]IPM is a balanced kind of tactical approach,
[00:09:50.520]so it relies on a number of things, including,
[00:09:53.040]like we just talked about correctly identifying the pest,
[00:09:56.370]so that you know what you're dealing with,
[00:09:58.920]it relies on the pest manager
[00:10:01.860]monitoring population densities,
[00:10:05.430]continually assessing the effectiveness of the controls
[00:10:09.030]that they're using for those pests,
[00:10:11.700]so that they can improve over time,
[00:10:14.280]and then just really having a good base of knowledge
[00:10:17.910]and experience is gonna really help you
[00:10:21.240]with successful IPM, as well.
[00:10:23.550]So when the manager determines
[00:10:27.390]that pest control is necessary,
[00:10:29.610]IPM employs multiple control methods
[00:10:33.480]in combination to get the best control possible.
[00:10:38.640]So this really does improve control,
[00:10:40.890]say, instead of relying on a pesticide alone,
[00:10:44.310]and it reduces the negative side effects that may come with,
[00:10:47.940]you know, just constantly applying pesticides.
[00:10:51.420]So some of the benefits of IPM,
[00:10:55.140]IPM can help maintain balanced ecosystems,
[00:10:59.400]it can save you money over time,
[00:11:01.500]because you're not having to spend
[00:11:03.690]as much money on intensive pest control,
[00:11:08.010]it promotes just an overall healthy environment,
[00:11:10.290]less pesticides being used,
[00:11:13.170]another important one is that it contributes
[00:11:15.210]to a positive public perception of pest control,
[00:11:18.810]of what you all will be doing, which is very important.
[00:11:23.970]And also chemical controls, which are pesticides,
[00:11:27.050]in other words, those can be ineffective,
[00:11:30.150]when you use them all by themselves,
[00:11:32.130]especially when you do so repeatedly,
[00:11:34.740]and those pests can develop resistance to those chemicals.
[00:11:38.970]So we can kind of group the different IPM control methods
[00:11:44.700]into these groupings here,
[00:11:46.440]so you've got biological control, mechanical, cultural,
[00:11:50.940]physical, genetic, and chemical control methods.
[00:11:57.330]So when you combine those control methods,
[00:12:03.240]like I kind of mentioned,
[00:12:05.340]it kind of lets you target this pest from several angles,
[00:12:09.540]so to speak,
[00:12:11.730]so that enhances your overall suppression of that pest.
[00:12:16.320]You can disrupt their life cycles,
[00:12:19.440]which can really knock them back,
[00:12:21.930]you can hit the pest when they're most vulnerable,
[00:12:24.030]like we kind of mentioned before,
[00:12:26.520]and it just really makes it a lot more difficult
[00:12:29.400]for those pests to recover from that.
[00:12:31.050]So you can, you know, use your mechanical and cultural
[00:12:36.840]and physical control methods
[00:12:38.850]to attempt to exclude or prevent those pests
[00:12:43.260]from even taking root in a site to begin with,
[00:12:45.870]or reducing those infestations with those control methods.
[00:12:50.790]You can use biological control methods
[00:12:53.910]to allow a pest's natural enemies to help you
[00:12:58.620]control that pest just naturally, which is a great option,
[00:13:02.640]and then finally, when necessary,
[00:13:05.460]when those tactics aren't completely successful
[00:13:09.600]in getting the pest problem down
[00:13:11.970]to where you need it to be,
[00:13:13.290]you can use chemical controls, that is pesticides,
[00:13:17.010]to either suppress those populations,
[00:13:19.020]or in more rare cases, to eradicate those pests entirely.
[00:13:24.570]So talking about pesticide selectivity,
[00:13:28.500]that is the range of pests that a pesticide will affect.
[00:13:33.120]So you have non-selective pesticides
[00:13:35.880]and selective pesticides,
[00:13:37.920]non-selective pesticides are gonna kill
[00:13:39.990]all related organisms,
[00:13:41.700]so a great example of this is glyphosate,
[00:13:44.910]which is the active ingredient
[00:13:46.770]in the common herbicide Roundup,
[00:13:49.410]it's a broad spectrum herbicide, right?
[00:13:51.480]So it's pretty much gonna kill any plant
[00:13:54.300]that it comes into contact with, or at least injure it.
[00:13:58.590]Selective herbicides or pesticides, excuse me,
[00:14:03.120]they will kill certain related organisms,
[00:14:06.330]but others will be spared from that control,
[00:14:09.720]so a good example of that also on the herbicide side
[00:14:13.380]would be 2,4-D.
[00:14:14.490]So it's selective in that it will kill
[00:14:18.840]broadleaf plants that it's applied to,
[00:14:21.360]but grasses will be spared from that control,
[00:14:24.360]so it's more selective.
[00:14:26.520]And so selectivity is a great asset to consider,
[00:14:31.800]when you're going into making a pesticide application,
[00:14:35.730]because you can kind of ask yourself these questions,
[00:14:38.490]you can tailor your control for your situation,
[00:14:42.090]do you wanna control all the related organisms at a site,
[00:14:45.180]or do you want more narrow control,
[00:14:47.250]and, you know, preserve other organisms in the area.
[00:14:52.290]Persistence of a pesticide is
[00:14:54.120]how long that pesticide is going to remain active
[00:14:57.090]in the environment after it's been applied.
[00:15:00.270]So you have residual pesticides,
[00:15:02.700]and non-residual pesticides.
[00:15:05.070]Residual pesticides may remain active for weeks, months,
[00:15:08.220]or even years after being applied,
[00:15:10.380]so a good example of that would be
[00:15:12.882]a termiticide perimeter treatment,
[00:15:17.340]you know, that barrier around the building
[00:15:20.520]must remain active for a number of years
[00:15:23.970]to keep that control up,
[00:15:25.440]so you want that residual persistent control.
[00:15:29.100]Non-residual pesticides,
[00:15:31.740]they inactivate very quickly or immediately.
[00:15:35.790]So an example of that, going back to glyphosate again,
[00:15:40.486]it is non-residual,
[00:15:42.900]so as soon as it touches soil, it's going to cling
[00:15:47.190]to that soil and it's gonna deactivate,
[00:15:49.200]you're not gonna get any more control out of that herbicide.
[00:15:52.500]So again, just like with selectivity, it kind of allows you
[00:15:55.320]to tailor your control needs,
[00:15:58.020]do you want long-term control,
[00:16:00.000]do you not want long-term control,
[00:16:02.820]and then one other note on persistence is that, you know,
[00:16:06.930]these residual herbicides can be very useful,
[00:16:09.000]but they can also pose a risk to the environment,
[00:16:11.610]because they're sticking around longer,
[00:16:14.130]they're still active well after application,
[00:16:16.947]and so those things can, you know, get into groundwater,
[00:16:19.830]and things like that, which is not good.
[00:16:24.690]Talking about thresholds for pest control,
[00:16:26.880]we have the definition of an action threshold here,
[00:16:31.650]so that is the unacceptable pest level
[00:16:35.700]that triggers your control action.
[00:16:38.700]So in other words, you might ask, you know,
[00:16:41.917]"What level of weeded density in a corn field
[00:16:45.930]is going to result in crop yield loss in that field?"
[00:16:50.400]And so that might be, you can see here on this graph,
[00:16:55.380]that level of density
[00:16:59.190]that will result in crop yield loss
[00:17:00.570]would be this red line here,
[00:17:02.760]that's your absolute tolerance
[00:17:05.520]and economic injury level here,
[00:17:07.860]and so your action threshold is actually below that.
[00:17:10.590]So you want to actually do that control
[00:17:14.430]before it gets to that injury level.
[00:17:18.300]So by setting your action thresholds,
[00:17:21.690]it kind of enables you to, you know,
[00:17:27.330]use targeted control measures,
[00:17:30.390]it provides some more economic sustainability,
[00:17:32.760]because you're not, you know, trying to control pests
[00:17:36.930]before it's even worth it,
[00:17:40.140]and yeah, so it avoids unnecessary control measures,
[00:17:44.010]and unnecessary costs.
[00:17:45.600]So this is an important thing to keep in mind.
[00:17:48.270]And these thresholds can vary
[00:17:50.370]by the pest that you're dealing with,
[00:17:52.560]the site that you're dealing with,
[00:17:54.300]and the season that you're in.
[00:17:55.950]So, and action thresholds might be zero pests,
[00:18:00.810]you know, if you're on a golf course fairway,
[00:18:04.380]and you know, you may want,
[00:18:07.290]I mean, even one weed on that fairway
[00:18:10.260]may be completely unacceptable,
[00:18:11.820]and so your action threshold would be zero on that site.
[00:18:15.960]So a little bit about prevention versus suppression.
[00:18:19.530]So prevention, we're talking about keeping a pest
[00:18:23.460]from infesting a site to even begin with.
[00:18:26.730]So, you know, actions that may help prevent pests
[00:18:30.660]would be things like sanitation,
[00:18:33.600]you know, making sure that the kitchen
[00:18:37.140]is not soiled with spills and things,
[00:18:40.350]because just by cleaning that up,
[00:18:43.050]you've helped prevent that pest from becoming,
[00:18:46.590]from getting into the structure to begin with.
[00:18:49.110]Exclusion, so fencing and things like that
[00:18:51.750]to keep pests out,
[00:18:53.730]you can also do things like selecting pest-resistant plants
[00:18:57.533]when you're doing plantings,
[00:18:59.130]or buying weed-free seed that's been certified
[00:19:02.070]to not have weed seed in it,
[00:19:03.960]so that you're not spreading those weeds.
[00:19:05.460]That's prevention.
[00:19:06.900]Suppression, on the other hand,
[00:19:08.580]is reducing a pest population to acceptable levels,
[00:19:12.000]so to the point where you're not suffering economic injury,
[00:19:16.248]or other things like that.
[00:19:18.000]So suppression could be, you know,
[00:19:20.790]out there pulling weeds in your garden,
[00:19:22.680]or biological control, so natural predators of pests
[00:19:27.510]can suppress those populations.
[00:19:29.820]And then pesticides as well, can be used for suppression.
[00:19:35.130]By taking those prevention actions ahead of time though,
[00:19:38.790]you can reduce the amount of suppression
[00:19:40.830]that you need to carry out later on.
[00:19:44.490]So, and one other note,
[00:19:46.590]suppression reduces pest populations,
[00:19:48.960]but does not seek to totally eradicate them,
[00:19:52.650]because that is a much higher, much more difficult task.
[00:19:57.360]So what can make a pesticide application fail?
[00:20:00.720]Well, incorrectly identifying the pest,
[00:20:03.300]you may be going at it at a completely wrong way,
[00:20:05.477]'cause you think it's the wrong pest,
[00:20:10.470]using the improper pesticide dosage,
[00:20:13.350]you really wanna pay attention to the label,
[00:20:15.600]make sure that you're applying the right dosage,
[00:20:18.780]otherwise you may get either too much or too little control,
[00:20:24.960]you may select just the wrong pesticide
[00:20:28.530]for the job, you know,
[00:20:31.200]and that can lead to unsuccessful applications, as well.
[00:20:37.950]Performing the pesticide application at the wrong time
[00:20:40.830]or at the inopportune times, that can reduce the control
[00:20:45.480]that you see.
[00:20:47.580]Using the wrong application equipment,
[00:20:49.290]you know, if you're just using, you're applying it wrong,
[00:20:54.360]you know, that can have implications
[00:20:57.060]for how well the application works.
[00:20:59.160]Environmental conditions, if it's, you know,
[00:21:03.120]very windy or it's very hot outside, you know,
[00:21:07.200]those things can play factors
[00:21:09.540]on the success of the application.
[00:21:12.108]If those weather conditions are causing the pesticide
[00:21:15.870]to move off of the application site,
[00:21:18.300]then you're going to see reduced control, of course.
[00:21:21.750]And then pesticides also degrade
[00:21:24.180]once they're in the environment and even before that,
[00:21:28.140]if they're just in their containers,
[00:21:31.740]and you've had them for a number of years, you know,
[00:21:35.100]in storage, those can degrade,
[00:21:37.290]just even in their containers, and so you go,
[00:21:40.350]and use it and it might end up having reduced effects.
[00:21:45.600]And lastly we'll just talk a little bit
[00:21:47.010]about pest resistance to pesticides,
[00:21:49.140]so this is when a pest develops the ability
[00:21:52.860]to tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it.
[00:21:57.450]So this is typically caused by
[00:22:00.150]when we're intensively using pesticides
[00:22:03.330]with the same or similar modes of action
[00:22:06.930]on the same site over and over again.
[00:22:10.110]So when this happens, you can see this image here,
[00:22:14.670]all these ones with red Xs,
[00:22:16.320]they were controlled by this pesticide application,
[00:22:18.990]but a couple of them made it through.
[00:22:21.627]And so those are resistant individuals,
[00:22:24.480]and they survive, and they reproduce,
[00:22:26.760]and all of their progeny, then, also have that resistance.
[00:22:31.020]Future applications of those same pesticides
[00:22:33.570]are gonna become less and less
[00:22:35.610]and less effective, over time.
[00:22:39.060]So how do we combat this resistance?
[00:22:41.160]Well, whenever possible, don't use pesticides repeatedly
[00:22:46.290]that have the same or similar modes of action.
[00:22:48.960]You can see this group four box here,
[00:22:51.270]you should see this more and more on pesticide labels
[00:22:55.110]of all kinds, not just herbicides.
[00:22:58.020]So rotate those modes of action as much as possible.
[00:23:02.430]Another thing is to consider limiting the treatment area
[00:23:05.730]that you're applying to.
[00:23:08.160]So if you just do maybe half a field at a time,
[00:23:12.480]you're allowing some of those non-resistant pests to survive
[00:23:17.580]and they're gonna reproduce,
[00:23:18.900]and they'll continue contributing
[00:23:20.550]those non-resistant genes into the gene pool,
[00:23:23.850]and so it can kind of at least delay
[00:23:27.840]that resistance development.
[00:23:29.880]And then the biggest, another big one too is
[00:23:33.170]to just not rely just on pesticides.
[00:23:35.550]We've talked about IPM here,
[00:23:37.530]and so it's really important
[00:23:39.810]to use those non-chemical control methods
[00:23:43.440]on these resistant pests.
[00:23:46.110]So if you've got resistant weeds in a field, for example,
[00:23:50.580]if you mechanically remove those weeds,
[00:23:53.970]then they're not gonna reproduce again,
[00:23:56.700]and you've removed that,
[00:23:58.590]hopefully you've removed that resistance from that field.
[00:24:03.076](upbeat ambient music)
[00:24:07.500]Chapter two covers pesticide laws and regulations.
[00:24:11.220]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[00:24:14.790]explain how and why pesticides are regulated
[00:24:17.700]in the United States,
[00:24:19.590]discuss the importance of knowing and following federal laws
[00:24:22.830]and regulations related to pesticide use,
[00:24:26.220]statewide certain pesticides are classified
[00:24:28.680]as restricted use,
[00:24:31.230]distinguish between restricted use
[00:24:33.120]and general use pesticide classifications,
[00:24:37.140]explain the importance of maintaining accurate records
[00:24:40.500]of pesticide applications and employee training.
[00:24:43.496](upbeat ambient music)
[00:24:48.390]Hi, my name is Holly Hillebran,
[00:24:50.430]I'm the Pesticide Certification Training Specialist
[00:24:53.880]for the state of Nebraska,
[00:24:55.410]and today we'll be going over the general standards,
[00:24:58.140]laws and regulations.
[00:25:01.230]Why do federal and state governments regulate pesticides?
[00:25:05.730]This is to ensure society can benefit from the pesticides,
[00:25:09.720]while protecting the people and the environment.
[00:25:12.810]And in what ways do they regulate these pesticides?
[00:25:16.500]They do this by controlling the label, sale, storage,
[00:25:20.730]transport, and disposal of pesticides.
[00:25:25.560]These specific laws could be found in the FIFRA
[00:25:29.727]and the Nebraska Pesticide Act.
[00:25:32.610]So why are some pesticides classified as restricted use?
[00:25:36.960]RUPs or restricted use pesticides
[00:25:39.690]used by untrained people could cause unreasonable harm
[00:25:43.590]to humans and the environment.
[00:25:46.590]You can find some active ingredients
[00:25:48.930]in GUPs, general use pesticides, and RUPs.
[00:25:54.000]They classify these by the product's entire formulation
[00:25:58.980]including the inner ingredients, its approved uses,
[00:26:02.940]and its approved methods of application.
[00:26:07.260]So what's the difference between restricted use
[00:26:09.750]and general use pesticides, and who can get each kind?
[00:26:15.090]Restricted use pesticides tend to be more toxic
[00:26:18.540]and pose a greater environmental threat.
[00:26:21.480]Only certified and licensed pesticide applicators
[00:26:24.960]can purchase and use RUPs.
[00:26:29.100]When it comes to general use products,
[00:26:31.500]anyone can purchase and apply,
[00:26:33.930]using general use products for structural
[00:26:36.570]or lawn care requires a pesticide license though,
[00:26:40.170]similarly, GUPs for public health pest control
[00:26:44.430]on behalf of a political subdivision of the state
[00:26:47.520]must be licensed, as well.
[00:26:51.150]In Nebraska, the only exception to this is our 60-day-rule,
[00:26:55.590]which allows for non-certified applicators
[00:26:58.200]to use RUPs under the direct supervision
[00:27:01.680]of a licensed applicator for 60 days.
[00:27:05.040]This is only allowed once
[00:27:06.450]in a non-certified person's lifetime.
[00:27:10.650]So what kind of record-keeping are required
[00:27:13.170]for pesticide applications in Nebraska?
[00:27:16.800]RUP records, structural pest control, GUP records,
[00:27:21.210]non-certified applicator records, and WPS records.
[00:27:26.220]All these types of records must be kept
[00:27:28.530]for a minimum of three years.
[00:27:31.290]RUP records must also be completed
[00:27:34.290]within 48 hours of the application.
[00:27:37.950]Commercial and non-commercial RUP application records,
[00:27:41.880]as well as commercial structural GUP records
[00:27:45.840]must include at a minimum customer name and address,
[00:27:50.130]applicator name and license number, location of application,
[00:27:55.200]application site, application date and start time,
[00:28:00.060]product name and the EPA regulation number,
[00:28:03.840]total amount of pesticide applied,
[00:28:06.150]and size of the treated area.
[00:28:10.290]So why is record-keeping so important?
[00:28:13.290]Application records are legally required,
[00:28:16.920]it also allows for a more informed
[00:28:19.080]pest management decision-making,
[00:28:21.510]and it also protects you if inspectors must open up
[00:28:25.410]an investigation on a misapplication.
[00:28:29.640]You can find this in our "How to Comply Manual",
[00:28:32.220]and copies are available for free,
[00:28:34.140]either online, or in physical format,
[00:28:36.990]by contacting our office.
[00:28:39.690]Thank you, and remember to apply pesticides safely.
[00:28:42.531](upbeat ambient music)
[00:28:47.250]Chapter three covers pesticide labeling.
[00:28:50.190]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[00:28:53.610]distinguish between the various types
[00:28:55.410]of pesticide registrations,
[00:28:57.840]explain when to read the pesticide label,
[00:29:01.110]state who may use a pesticide,
[00:29:04.620]accurately identify the common chemical brand
[00:29:08.400]and trade names of a pesticide,
[00:29:11.400]determine the percentage of active ingredients
[00:29:13.680]in a formulation,
[00:29:15.780]interpret the meaning of label signal words,
[00:29:18.300]symbols and their relative hazard levels.
[00:29:22.260]Identify the following types
[00:29:23.760]of statements on a pesticide label, precautionary,
[00:29:27.450]first aid, personal protective equipment,
[00:29:30.900]environmental, physical or chemical hazards,
[00:29:34.320]mixing, loading, storage, and disposal,
[00:29:37.800]and restricted entry and reentry statements,
[00:29:42.240]describe how to interpret other documents
[00:29:44.550]and online resources referenced on the label,
[00:29:48.090]distinguish between advisory
[00:29:49.650]and mandatory statements on a label,
[00:29:52.140]and discuss how to use information on a safety data sheet.
[00:29:56.036](upbeat ambient music)
[00:30:00.660]Pesticide labeling is the main way
[00:30:02.460]for pesticide manufacturers to communicate with end users.
[00:30:06.480]That is, applicators.
[00:30:09.030]A product's labeling contains all sorts of information,
[00:30:11.700]which will help you safeguard the environment,
[00:30:14.220]protect your health and the health of other people,
[00:30:16.680]and achieve your desired pest control.
[00:30:19.350]In chapter two, we learned about FIFRA,
[00:30:21.930]the main federal law that oversees pesticides
[00:30:24.450]in the United States.
[00:30:26.220]Under FIFRA, a pesticide product can be registered
[00:30:29.280]in several different ways.
[00:30:31.320]Standard registration, known as a Section three registration
[00:30:35.280]after the part of FIFRA it comes from
[00:30:37.800]is by far the most common type.
[00:30:40.890]Sometimes an individual state may see a need to expand
[00:30:44.490]or limit a product's federal registration
[00:30:46.830]based on the needs of that state.
[00:30:49.080]The state can create a Section 24 C registration,
[00:30:52.590]also known as a special local need registration
[00:30:55.440]to accomplish this.
[00:30:57.535]A product with a special local need registration
[00:30:59.880]has both a standard label and a second label
[00:31:02.460]specific to the state and its local need.
[00:31:06.390]Products that pose minimum risks to health
[00:31:08.760]and environment can receive a Section 25 B registration.
[00:31:13.020]Minimum risk pesticides must exclusively contain ingredients
[00:31:16.187]on the EPA's lists of minimum risk ingredients.
[00:31:20.520]These products have very few label requirements.
[00:31:24.240]Lastly, Section 18 of FIFRA allows for a registered product
[00:31:28.320]to be used for purposes not covered
[00:31:30.510]by its normal registration in cases of emergency.
[00:31:34.590]This is only possible when a pest problem exists
[00:31:37.440]for which no suitable products are registered.
[00:31:40.590]These emergency exemptions are time-limited.
[00:31:44.790]So as an applicator, when should you read a pesticide label?
[00:31:49.650]The short answer is often.
[00:31:52.530]Always read a product's label before you buy it.
[00:31:55.320]This way you can confirm that the product is approved
[00:31:57.900]for your target site,
[00:31:59.280]and that it can control the pest you need it to.
[00:32:02.310]You can also use this opportunity to compare it
[00:32:04.620]to other products in terms of human toxicity
[00:32:07.110]and environmental risk.
[00:32:09.660]Always reread the label
[00:32:10.980]before mixing and applying the pesticide.
[00:32:13.680]It is of the utmost importance
[00:32:15.330]to have label requirements fresh in your mind
[00:32:17.550]when planning an application.
[00:32:19.830]Read the label again
[00:32:20.880]before storing pesticides for future use,
[00:32:23.220]or disposing of rinsate or empty containers.
[00:32:26.430]If you repurchase the same product next time,
[00:32:29.040]read the label again to make sure
[00:32:30.690]you're aware of any changes to label requirements
[00:32:33.300]made by the manufacturer
[00:32:34.830]since you last purchased the product.
[00:32:38.220]We already learned about the difference
[00:32:39.630]between restricted use and general use pesticides
[00:32:42.480]in chapter two.
[00:32:43.710]So instead of covering that again,
[00:32:45.300]let's move on and talk about pesticide names.
[00:32:48.690]You may hear people refer to a pesticide
[00:32:50.850]by several different names.
[00:32:52.920]Active ingredients, which are the ingredients in pesticides
[00:32:55.920]that actually control the pests
[00:32:58.170]typically have both a chemical name, and a common name.
[00:33:02.070]An active ingredient's chemical name
[00:33:04.050]is usually long and complex like this.
[00:33:07.920]Luckily, active ingredients also have common names.
[00:33:11.880]The common name of this product's active ingredient
[00:33:14.370]is lambda-cyhalothrin.
[00:33:16.740]You may hear people refer to a pesticide
[00:33:18.990]by its active ingredient.
[00:33:21.210]Pesticide products also have trade names.
[00:33:23.880]For example, the trade name of the product on the left
[00:33:26.880]is Kendo, and the trade name of the product
[00:33:29.280]on the right is Cyzmic.
[00:33:31.260]Trade names are unique to each product manufacturer,
[00:33:34.020]and are usually trademarked.
[00:33:36.120]These two products are made by different manufacturers.
[00:33:39.240]You can see that while these products have
[00:33:41.310]the same active ingredient, they have different trade names.
[00:33:45.510]Lastly, a brand name refers to the name
[00:33:48.030]of specific formulated products.
[00:33:50.400]For example, under the Kendo trade name,
[00:33:53.070]three different products are registered in Nebraska,
[00:33:56.430]Kendo, Kendo 9.7 CS, and Kendo 22.8 CS.
[00:34:03.450]While each of these products contains
[00:34:05.070]the same active ingredient, they're formulated differently
[00:34:08.100]for different situations.
[00:34:10.200]The numbers 9.7 and 22.8 refer to the percentage
[00:34:14.640]of active ingredient in each formulation,
[00:34:17.220]while the letters CS tell us
[00:34:19.440]that those two products are formulated
[00:34:21.390]as capsule suspensions, different from Kendo,
[00:34:24.420]which is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate.
[00:34:28.020]We'll learn more about formulations in chapter four.
[00:34:31.710]Now that we're familiar with how to identify pesticides
[00:34:34.530]by their various names,
[00:34:36.120]let's dig into what else pesticide labeling
[00:34:38.310]tells us as applicators.
[00:34:40.710]One of the main goals of a pesticide label
[00:34:42.870]is to protect human health from the risks associated
[00:34:45.690]with using pesticides.
[00:34:47.580]Practically every pesticide product label
[00:34:49.860]carries what is called a signal word on its front panel,
[00:34:53.010]which gives the reader an idea
[00:34:54.630]of how acutely toxic a product is.
[00:34:57.750]We'll talk more about acute and chronic toxicity
[00:35:00.330]in chapter five.
[00:35:02.280]Caution appears on relatively low toxicity product labels,
[00:35:06.360]warning on moderately toxic product labels,
[00:35:09.450]danger on highly toxic product labels.
[00:35:12.780]In addition, if a product is
[00:35:14.420]in EPA's highest toxicity category for oral, dermal,
[00:35:18.840]or inhalation exposure,
[00:35:20.850]it must carry the word "Poison" in red
[00:35:23.370]with a skull and crossbones symbol.
[00:35:26.370]Signal words give us an easy way
[00:35:28.080]to select the least toxic product that is suitable
[00:35:30.600]for a particular job, which is just one of the reasons
[00:35:33.570]to read pesticide labels
[00:35:34.770]before choosing a product for purchase.
[00:35:37.740]Pesticide labels all share a general structure.
[00:35:40.770]As an applicator, this makes it easier to know
[00:35:43.290]where to look for specific information.
[00:35:46.110]Sections that appear on most labels include
[00:35:48.480]precautionary statements, first aid,
[00:35:51.690]personal protective equipment, environmental, physical,
[00:35:55.410]and or chemical hazards, mixing, loading, storage,
[00:35:59.580]and disposal directions, and restricted entry statements.
[00:36:04.350]Precautionary statements can cover a variety of topics.
[00:36:07.770]These statements list specific hazards posed by a product
[00:36:10.980]to humans and animals,
[00:36:12.390]plus precautions that the applicator should
[00:36:14.580]or must take to minimize the risk of exposure.
[00:36:18.240]Sometimes some of the label components we'll talk about next
[00:36:21.420]may appear under the precautionary statement's heading.
[00:36:24.900]The first aid statement,
[00:36:26.400]sometimes called the statement of practical treatment
[00:36:29.220]instructs the reader
[00:36:30.210]on how to respond to human exposure to the product.
[00:36:33.600]You can see here that the different routes of exposure
[00:36:36.150]have their own instructions.
[00:36:38.670]Personal protective equipment or PPE
[00:36:41.730]is a key way for applicators to minimize pesticide exposure.
[00:36:46.290]PPE statements describe
[00:36:47.880]what a person must wear while handling pesticides,
[00:36:50.640]and are often found under precautionary statements,
[00:36:53.280]or their own personal protective equipment heading.
[00:36:56.640]Note that a product's PPE requirements
[00:36:58.680]for pesticide mixers and loaders may be different
[00:37:01.380]than the requirements for applicators.
[00:37:04.350]If a pesticide product poses any environmental, physical,
[00:37:07.950]or chemical hazards, its label will say so
[00:37:10.770]under a heading such as these.
[00:37:13.170]Examples of these hazards include
[00:37:15.030]flammability and corrosiveness.
[00:37:18.390]Under a label's directions for use heading,
[00:37:20.730]you will find a variety of information,
[00:37:22.920]including instructions for mixing and loading the product.
[00:37:26.610]These instructions may include how much to dilute
[00:37:29.130]a product with water, which pesticides or adjuvants
[00:37:32.310]can and cannot be tank-mixed with the product,
[00:37:35.370]the order in which to mix tank loads,
[00:37:37.830]and requirements for closed system loading.
[00:37:41.280]You can typically find storage
[00:37:42.750]and disposal directions toward the end of a label.
[00:37:46.110]This section tells you how to store and dispose
[00:37:48.690]of the pesticide, its container, and its rinsates.
[00:37:53.310]Pesticide labels usually prohibit people
[00:37:55.650]from entering pesticide-treated areas
[00:37:58.020]immediately after application.
[00:38:00.300]However, finding the reentry restriction
[00:38:02.850]that applies to your particular situation
[00:38:05.160]depends on how a product is registered,
[00:38:07.500]and how you plan to use it.
[00:38:09.990]Products labeled for agricultural uses
[00:38:12.360]list a restricted entry interval or REI
[00:38:16.680]in a box labeled "Agricultural use requirements."
[00:38:20.640]Products labeled for non-agricultural uses
[00:38:23.190]list reentry restrictions under "Directions for use"
[00:38:26.670]or in a "Non-agricultural use requirements box."
[00:38:30.960]Many products are labeled for both ag and non-ag uses,
[00:38:34.860]and may have different entry restrictions,
[00:38:37.080]depending on how you're using the product.
[00:38:40.620]Pesticide labels may refer to websites
[00:38:42.930]with additional precautions and use restrictions.
[00:38:46.200]When this is the case, these websites are considered
[00:38:49.170]a part of the product's labeling,
[00:38:51.180]and any requirements listed there must be followed.
[00:38:54.600]Online endangered species bulletins are a common example
[00:38:57.930]of this kind of supplemental labeling.
[00:39:01.200]Yes indeed, the label is the law,
[00:39:04.140]but do you have to follow every single word
[00:39:06.330]on every label, every time you make an application?
[00:39:10.170]Well, no.
[00:39:12.210]Labels include both mandatory statements,
[00:39:14.490]and advisory statements.
[00:39:16.560]Mandatory statements tell you
[00:39:18.030]to take or not take specific actions.
[00:39:21.660]You can identify mandatory statements
[00:39:24.000]by their direct sentence structure,
[00:39:26.010]or use of words such as "Do not" or "Applicators must."
[00:39:31.560]Examples of mandatory statements include
[00:39:34.627]"Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirt
[00:39:38.520]and long pants" and "Do not apply directly to water."
[00:39:44.160]Mandatory statements must be followed,
[00:39:46.650]and are enforceable by pesticide regulators.
[00:39:49.860]On the other hand, advisory statements
[00:39:52.080]provide factual information and recommendations
[00:39:54.840]for using a product.
[00:39:56.460]These recommendations or best practices
[00:39:59.430]can cover anything from minimizing human
[00:40:01.920]or environmental risks to maximizing product effectiveness.
[00:40:06.420]You can identify advisory statements by words
[00:40:09.090]such as "Should" or "May."
[00:40:12.150]Examples include "Effectiveness may be reduced
[00:40:15.510]if following treatment rainfall occurs on the same day"
[00:40:19.830]and "Users should wash hands before eating", et cetera.
[00:40:25.020]While it is not required to follow advisory statements,
[00:40:28.320]responsible applicators do so,
[00:40:30.270]because they reduce risks,
[00:40:31.830]and increase pest control success.
[00:40:34.950]In addition to labels, pesticide products also have
[00:40:38.100]what are called safety data sheets or SDSs.
[00:40:41.850]These documents provide technical details on a product,
[00:40:45.120]such as chemical and physical properties,
[00:40:47.580]as well as information
[00:40:48.780]on how to medically treat exposure cases.
[00:40:52.050]SDSs are especially useful for chemical transporters,
[00:40:55.800]medical professionals, and firefighters.
[00:40:59.010]That being said, as an applicator,
[00:41:01.410]reading a product's SDS in addition to its label,
[00:41:04.770]will allow you to become even more familiar
[00:41:07.050]with the product you're using,
[00:41:08.367]and the risks associated with it.
[00:41:10.451](upbeat ambient music)
[00:41:15.240]Chapter four covers pesticide formulations.
[00:41:18.210]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[00:41:21.630]describe what a pesticide formulation is,
[00:41:24.960]explain why pesticides are formulated for end use,
[00:41:29.220]distinguish between active and inert ingredients,
[00:41:33.000]state the meaning of abbreviations used
[00:41:35.430]for common types of formulations,
[00:41:38.550]list the factors to consider, when choosing a formulation
[00:41:41.580]for a specific site or situation,
[00:41:44.880]discuss the properties of common formulations,
[00:41:48.330]evaluate the advantages and disadvantages
[00:41:50.850]of the formulations described in the chapter,
[00:41:53.700]and explain the roles of adjuvants.
[00:41:56.092](upbeat ambient music)
[00:42:01.317]Hi, I'm Jennifer Weisbrod,
[00:42:02.700]and I'm the Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator
[00:42:05.850]for the state of Nebraska.
[00:42:07.320]And today I'm gonna be talking about a few topics,
[00:42:10.170]but we're gonna start with pesticide formulations.
[00:42:13.170]And one of the most important parts about that is
[00:42:15.450]what is a pesticide.
[00:42:17.310]It's a common question, and basically it's any chemical,
[00:42:20.430]be that organic or synthetic,
[00:42:22.560]that is used to destroy, repel, or manage a pest.
[00:42:25.890]A pest is any organism that harms humans, their homes,
[00:42:30.270]their food, or they're aesthetically displeasing.
[00:42:34.350]So that could be like weeds in your lawn,
[00:42:36.270]if you don't like them, but they're not harming you.
[00:42:40.080]Formulations are a little bit different
[00:42:42.060]than the actual pesticide.
[00:42:43.410]The pesticide itself is the active ingredients, so A.I.,
[00:42:47.100]and the formulation is a combination of an A.I.
[00:42:51.510]and inert ingredients.
[00:42:53.280]So inert ingredients are things like emulsifiers, solvents,
[00:42:56.760]stabilizers, dyes, surfactants, things like that,
[00:43:00.960]they don't have to be listed.
[00:43:02.280]So when you look at the actual formulation,
[00:43:03.930]you'll notice that there is, basically it'll say
[00:43:07.560]what percent is the active ingredient,
[00:43:09.450]or the chemical being used to control the pest,
[00:43:13.380]that has to be lifted,
[00:43:14.430]and then the inert ingredients are just listed
[00:43:16.470]as a combination.
[00:43:18.180]So like a percentage that is active,
[00:43:21.270]or that is inert ingredients.
[00:43:25.380]Formulation properties is important,
[00:43:27.630]because they have specific requirements,
[00:43:30.960]they might require mixing or they might be just ready
[00:43:33.570]to straight use, they might require special equipment,
[00:43:36.810]so if it says you can't use one a piece of equipment,
[00:43:38.870]or you have to use another,
[00:43:40.260]those are parts of that formulation.
[00:43:42.480]And then a formulation,
[00:43:43.830]again, is different than an active ingredient
[00:43:45.690]or that pesticide,
[00:43:47.310]and there are many, many different types
[00:43:50.040]of formulations available on the market.
[00:43:54.270]So the main reason that formulations are created
[00:43:57.240]is because they typically are safer, they're easier to use,
[00:44:00.450]and they're different than the technical grade,
[00:44:02.400]or the pesticide that we talked about.
[00:44:03.720]So that active ingredient is the technical grade product,
[00:44:07.230]which can often be more toxic by itself,
[00:44:10.350]it may not mix very well into a solution,
[00:44:12.630]it might be unstable, and it might be difficult to manage.
[00:44:15.450]The inert ingredients are the tools to make
[00:44:17.760]that end-use product when you're able to go out
[00:44:20.010]and actually apply that product.
[00:44:24.570]So there are a lot of abbreviations
[00:44:26.610]and so I'll try to kind of just give you the main ones,
[00:44:29.760]but when you look at a product, you might see that the name
[00:44:32.640]of the product has something listed at the end,
[00:44:35.640]it might say SP or DF or EC,
[00:44:39.900]and those refer to how the formulation works.
[00:44:41.910]So examples are D is dust, granular is G,
[00:44:45.330]soluble powder is SP,
[00:44:48.843]EC is emulsifiable concentrate, things like that,
[00:44:51.720]that essentially refer to how that product is in formulation
[00:44:56.580]and how you might have to mix it later.
[00:45:00.270]Like I said, brand names may include abbreviations
[00:45:02.580]that do describe that specific property,
[00:45:05.040]whether that's, you know, an EC or something like that.
[00:45:09.360]Some things to think about when you're selecting
[00:45:11.310]a formulation are the factors
[00:45:13.500]that might be involved in the actual product selection.
[00:45:16.350]So things like if you want a deep recover of the foliage,
[00:45:19.410]or there may be weather risks associated with that use,
[00:45:23.250]some of them might be safer,
[00:45:24.750]things that are basically, you know,
[00:45:28.170]designed to be safer,
[00:45:29.430]might be a product that you wanna choose
[00:45:31.140]for your own safety, environmental risks, pest biology,
[00:45:36.480]even equipment requirements might change
[00:45:38.370]how you choose the correct pesticide,
[00:45:41.190]or correct formulation for your application.
[00:45:44.010]One of the things to look for though
[00:45:45.540]is physical incompatibility,
[00:45:47.220]so we do encourage people to do something called a jar test,
[00:45:49.830]which is where you do essentially a small proportion
[00:45:54.300]of what you're planning to apply to make sure
[00:45:56.070]that the product you're using mixes appropriately,
[00:45:59.280]the reason for this is you might see things like clotting,
[00:46:01.620]you might see a precipitate,
[00:46:03.150]or like basically like a powder on the bottom of the mix,
[00:46:07.650]you might see separation of the products,
[00:46:09.540]and that is why we recommend these jar tests to ensure
[00:46:11.970]that we're actually seeing the correct mixture,
[00:46:15.630]and that you're getting the right ratio,
[00:46:19.200]because if you have an improper mixture,
[00:46:21.600]and you have some physical incompatibility,
[00:46:23.310]you're not going to get a proper, safe,
[00:46:25.800]and effective application of that product.
[00:46:29.400]The other thing to think about is chemical compatibility.
[00:46:32.550]So we often talk about physical incompatibility,
[00:46:34.560]what we see physically changing,
[00:46:36.420]but there are also things that can happen chemically.
[00:46:38.820]And again, this is why we talk about jar tests,
[00:46:40.830]but also spray tests,
[00:46:42.720]so checking if the mix that you're making
[00:46:45.210]is actually going to harm the area
[00:46:47.130]that you're applying it to.
[00:46:48.690]So you might see fizzing, you might see color changes,
[00:46:52.470]it may become less effective, which is obviously a concern,
[00:46:55.650]if you don't have an effective product,
[00:46:57.300]you're not gonna get effective control,
[00:46:59.280]or it might become more toxic,
[00:47:01.320]or more effective, which can cause harm to you,
[00:47:03.630]or cause harm to the area that you're applying it to.
[00:47:06.000]Again, that's why we recommend spray tests.
[00:47:08.340]Some of the advantages and disadvantages
[00:47:10.470]are things like ease of handling,
[00:47:13.200]low abrasiveness, less risk to the applicator,
[00:47:17.040]it might be easier to find that product on the market,
[00:47:19.620]or it might reduce the environmental concern,
[00:47:22.470]or risk of drift.
[00:47:24.210]That being said, there are also disadvantages,
[00:47:26.070]things like an increased drift hazard,
[00:47:28.020]it might be abrasive to things,
[00:47:29.760]it might be more risky to you, as the applicator,
[00:47:32.790]or to the environment that you are applying it in,
[00:47:35.610]and it might be difficult to mix,
[00:47:37.380]or cause more harm to non-target organisms.
[00:47:42.120]One of the things that we really have
[00:47:44.100]as a benefit is something called adjuvants.
[00:47:46.110]Adjuvants are essentially a product
[00:47:48.180]that you would add to the pesticide,
[00:47:50.670]and that adjuvant might make it more effective,
[00:47:53.100]it might make it easier to mix,
[00:47:55.320]it might make it safer, it might reduce drift,
[00:47:57.750]there's a lot of different things
[00:47:58.890]that those adjuvants can do,
[00:48:00.510]and on the far side of the screen,
[00:48:02.070]you can see some of the different products,
[00:48:03.510]things like anti-foaming, pH modifiers,
[00:48:07.350]surfactants, stickers, all of these are different adjuvants
[00:48:10.410]that are going to impact the effectiveness,
[00:48:12.750]and the the ability to produce and apply this product.
[00:48:17.490]So next, we're just gonna end kind of with like
[00:48:21.300]the benefits of formulation.
[00:48:22.830]So one of the biggest things that we have to do
[00:48:24.780]as applicator is choose the best pesticide
[00:48:27.570]based on the understanding of the formulation,
[00:48:29.940]the side of the application, the risk factors,
[00:48:32.580]and how it should be applied.
[00:48:34.230]You should never assume you know the right way
[00:48:36.450]to apply a product without reading the label.
[00:48:38.850]And the best thing that you can do
[00:48:40.320]as an applicator is if you are in doubt,
[00:48:43.020]ask someone to help you.
[00:48:44.880]Whether that's calling the pesticide safety office
[00:48:48.180]here in Lincoln, Nebraska,
[00:48:50.040]or that's speaking with a supervisor,
[00:48:52.140]or someone who's a little bit more knowledgeable
[00:48:53.580]about those products.
[00:48:54.740](upbeat ambient music)
[00:48:59.370]Chapter five covers pesticide hazards and first aid.
[00:49:03.210]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[00:49:06.330]differentiate between types of harmful effects
[00:49:09.270]associated with pesticide application,
[00:49:12.330]identify common exposure routes
[00:49:14.400]for various pesticides and application methods,
[00:49:18.150]explain the hazard level classification system
[00:49:20.760]for pesticides, including the corresponding signal words,
[00:49:25.140]describe typical symptoms of pesticide exposure in humans,
[00:49:29.490]discuss the appropriate first aid response to oral, ocular,
[00:49:33.480]dermal and inhalation exposures to pesticides,
[00:49:37.890]and list other health risks, such as heat stress,
[00:49:40.500]that may occur during pesticide application.
[00:49:42.948](upbeat ambient music)
[00:49:48.360]Hello, I'm Frank Bright,
[00:49:49.590]Pesticide Safety Education Associate,
[00:49:51.720]and today we're gonna talk about pesticides' hazards,
[00:49:54.390]and some of the first aid when dealing with pesticides.
[00:49:57.180]So as we know, pesticides are designed to kill, mitigate,
[00:50:00.210]or repel different pests.
[00:50:02.250]Now this is great for the pests,
[00:50:03.510]but it also can impact us, and our biology,
[00:50:06.630]so we have to take certain precautions,
[00:50:08.220]and be aware of the damage that they can do to us.
[00:50:12.390]So first we wanna talk about hazards.
[00:50:14.640]Hazard is the potential or probability of harm to occur
[00:50:18.690]due to the combination of the toxicity of the product,
[00:50:21.750]and the exposure to the applicator,
[00:50:23.970]when using a specific product.
[00:50:27.270]So now we'll talk about the toxicity,
[00:50:29.130]which refers to the ability of the pesticide to cause harm,
[00:50:33.030]both short-term and long-term.
[00:50:35.760]And so with toxicity,
[00:50:37.440]we don't always get to pick the product
[00:50:39.540]that we're using in a certain situation,
[00:50:42.420]but one of the things we want to get through
[00:50:44.430]when dealing with toxicity is that a higher toxicity
[00:50:47.730]usually equates to a greater hazard,
[00:50:49.680]while lower toxicity product represents a lower hazard.
[00:50:54.360]So moving on, now we can talk about exposure.
[00:50:57.930]Exposure is when pesticide gets on us or in us,
[00:51:00.960]through a variety of routes of exposure.
[00:51:03.090]And again, with this part of the equation,
[00:51:05.730]a higher exposure equals greater hazard,
[00:51:08.370]while a lower exposure equals a lower hazard.
[00:51:12.240]So now that we've seen both parts of the equation,
[00:51:14.880]and what a hazard is, we can look at a full equation
[00:51:17.910]of toxicity times exposure, equals a hazard.
[00:51:21.660]So this is one of those things to keep in mind,
[00:51:24.300]so you can always determine
[00:51:25.590]where you are when dealing with a hazard.
[00:51:28.110]So we'll look at an example.
[00:51:29.400]If you have a high toxicity product,
[00:51:31.770]but a low exposure rate, you end up with a low hazard.
[00:51:36.390]But if we have a low toxicity with high exposure,
[00:51:40.350]we end up with higher hazard.
[00:51:42.210]So this would be something, like you're spraying your lawn
[00:51:44.760]with a chemical wearing shorts and flip flops,
[00:51:47.160]you're gonna have a higher exposure rate,
[00:51:49.680]thus, a higher hazard.
[00:51:53.100]So there's a lot of different harmful effects
[00:51:55.080]that can come from pesticide and pesticide use,
[00:51:57.780]and so we're gonna kind of touch on them.
[00:51:59.610]So acute toxicity is injury or illness
[00:52:01.830]from a single, one-time exposure
[00:52:03.780]that typically is a large exposure to it.
[00:52:06.030]And so as you can see over there,
[00:52:07.680]the one gentleman has a large exposure on his lap,
[00:52:10.890]and that would be representative of getting like a rash,
[00:52:14.850]or a blister from a chemical exposure,
[00:52:17.130]that is one time, the illness shows up shortly afterwards,
[00:52:21.150]and it's very point-source.
[00:52:25.440]And so when we move on to chronic,
[00:52:27.450]that is the potential for injury or illness
[00:52:30.690]over an elongated period of time,
[00:52:32.490]repeated exposure, usually in small amounts,
[00:52:35.340]say, you get pesticide on a table,
[00:52:37.770]and every time you touch that table,
[00:52:39.450]you're re-exposed to it, and so that's a smaller one.
[00:52:41.880]And so as you can see here,
[00:52:43.380]we have the individual with four different times,
[00:52:46.860]different exposures, they're smaller,
[00:52:48.660]but this is what leads to longer problems like cancer,
[00:52:52.320]Parkinson's, things like that.
[00:52:54.030]So now we'll look at local effects,
[00:52:55.590]and like we talked about with acute symptoms,
[00:52:58.890]this is a exposure directly on the skin,
[00:53:02.490]it shows with a rash or something like that,
[00:53:06.270]irritated eyes, where the pesticide exposure occurred.
[00:53:10.350]When dealing with a systemic effect, this affects the body
[00:53:13.880]in a greater site than just where it was contaminated.
[00:53:18.030]So this is usually where like nervous system
[00:53:20.160]comes into play, respiratory issues long-term,
[00:53:23.490]those are different types of things
[00:53:24.630]that are a result of systemic effects
[00:53:26.790]from dealing with pesticides.
[00:53:29.529]Allergic effects are one of those
[00:53:32.370]that you may have a hypersensitivity
[00:53:34.470]to a certain substance within that pesticide,
[00:53:37.950]and so not only will contact with it cause
[00:53:41.700]the normal pesticide reaction,
[00:53:43.920]but for you, it could be something that is even greater,
[00:53:46.980]even potential shock or death when dealing with it.
[00:53:49.920]So be aware of what chemicals are being used,
[00:53:52.110]and if you notice symptoms,
[00:53:53.640]or have some sort of heightened reactivity to the pesticide,
[00:53:58.620]be acutely aware of that.
[00:54:01.680]So moving on to delayed effects.
[00:54:03.150]This is what we were talking about a little bit
[00:54:04.830]with kind of the systemic,
[00:54:06.450]this is where you see the cancers,
[00:54:08.040]the nerve damage, the Parkinson's,
[00:54:10.320]all those things that we hear about with pesticides
[00:54:13.260]that can show up years, weeks, days after the exposure
[00:54:17.790]that we may not see, and this is typical
[00:54:20.670]when it comes to that chronic exposure to pesticides.
[00:54:26.190]So now we'll talk a little bit about routes of exposure.
[00:54:28.530]So the most common one is your skin or dermal.
[00:54:30.960]This comes from not wearing gloves a lot of times,
[00:54:33.870]that's where we're handling the chemical,
[00:54:35.910]not wearing appropriate PPE, not washing your hands
[00:54:39.480]after dealing with pesticide-contaminated containers,
[00:54:42.840]or potentially spray equipment,
[00:54:45.030]when dealing with that, when pouring, mixing,
[00:54:48.000]you can run into splashing,
[00:54:49.560]or spilling of that chemical, that can get on you,
[00:54:52.260]so be aware of that, exposure to drift,
[00:54:55.350]and this goes with the next bullet point
[00:54:57.540]of applying wind, or applying directly above your head,
[00:55:00.480]so that the chemical drifts back onto you unknowingly.
[00:55:04.920]And again, touching a treated area,
[00:55:06.960]and this is why those restricted entry intervals
[00:55:09.870]are very important,
[00:55:10.860]because if you don't know something's been sprayed,
[00:55:13.110]you can wander into that,
[00:55:14.910]and then you have a pesticide exposure unknowingly.
[00:55:19.590]So moving on to eye or ocular, eye protection,
[00:55:24.390]I have glasses so I'm a little bit more protected,
[00:55:26.670]but this is where we require or recommend
[00:55:29.400]for eye protection,
[00:55:30.900]don't rub your eyes after handling a product.
[00:55:34.260]Again, the splashing,
[00:55:35.520]it can get in your eye if you're not wearing
[00:55:36.717]the appropriate eye protection,
[00:55:38.400]and same with windy conditions, or spraying above the head.
[00:55:42.090]So moving into inhalation, we have poor ventilated areas,
[00:55:45.780]and so if you're not wearing the proper respirator,
[00:55:48.510]you can run into inhaling some of these products,
[00:55:52.740]this usually happens with dust and powders, as well,
[00:55:55.170]because they're fine, easy to breathe in,
[00:55:58.710]and again, exposure to drift.
[00:56:01.170]So the final one that we're gonna talk about is oral,
[00:56:03.600]and this is different than inhalation,
[00:56:05.100]because this is the ingestion part.
[00:56:07.140]So make sure to wash your hands
[00:56:08.790]after dealing with pesticides,
[00:56:10.950]and make sure you wash out for splashing.
[00:56:15.540]So now we'll talk over the signal words,
[00:56:17.820]so the signal words correspond with the toxicity
[00:56:20.490]of the product, ranging from "Danger-Poison",
[00:56:23.160]all the way down to caution,
[00:56:24.570]with "Danger-Poison" being the most toxic product,
[00:56:28.110]and this is the most hazardous product
[00:56:30.360]that you're going to have to deal with,
[00:56:32.190]with toxic being highly toxic but less than poisonous,
[00:56:35.820]warning is moderately toxic,
[00:56:37.740]and then caution is the slightly toxic product.
[00:56:40.470]And and this will be on the label of every product
[00:56:42.960]that you use, so you know what product you are using,
[00:56:46.500]and how dangerous it can be.
[00:56:49.500]So here are some pesticide exposure symptoms,
[00:56:53.190]the skin, the eye and nose irritation
[00:56:55.320]are pretty common with it,
[00:56:57.090]sometimes you'll have nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
[00:57:01.140]headaches, weakness, dizziness, confusion,
[00:57:05.040]these are all things that you need to watch out for
[00:57:07.110]in yourself and in others,
[00:57:09.000]if you are dealing with multiple people applying chemicals,
[00:57:12.420]they can kind of mimic the flu,
[00:57:14.490]and the worse they are,
[00:57:15.480]the more attention that individual needs to get immediately.
[00:57:19.890]So we'll go over these quickly.
[00:57:21.300]Pesticide on your skin,
[00:57:23.010]if you were to get a pesticide spill
[00:57:25.170]and exposure on yourself,
[00:57:26.700]you wanna remove all the contaminated clothing,
[00:57:28.920]wash the affected area, gently wrap and dry that area,
[00:57:34.260]if you get pesticides in your eyes,
[00:57:36.630]you wanna hold your eyelid open,
[00:57:38.460]gently washing away with clean water, drips of water,
[00:57:42.720]you wanna make sure that you're doing it across the eye,
[00:57:45.420]not into the eye, to make sure that the pesticide
[00:57:47.760]gets out of the eye, not pooling in the eye,
[00:57:50.910]make sure to clean around the eyelid,
[00:57:52.590]so that it's not recontaminating it
[00:57:55.320]every time you blink and get it in there,
[00:57:57.420]and make sure you wash everything with a clean cloth.
[00:58:03.210]If you inhale a pesticide, or somebody else
[00:58:05.790]that you're working with inhales a pesticide,
[00:58:07.920]get to clean air,
[00:58:09.420]make sure that you're not just in that environment
[00:58:11.430]for longer than necessary.
[00:58:13.410]If you are helping someone,
[00:58:14.730]make sure you put on the proper PPE,
[00:58:16.890]so that you can help them,
[00:58:17.880]and you don't contaminate yourself,
[00:58:19.710]and put everybody in a worse situation.
[00:58:23.250]Make sure to lay the victim down, give them,
[00:58:26.190]protect their head, keep their chin up to get all the air,
[00:58:29.610]and if you need to, give CPR if the breathing stops.
[00:58:33.840]If you get pesticide in your mouth or swallow it,
[00:58:36.600]make sure you rinse your mouth,
[00:58:37.830]so that you're not recontaminating yourself,
[00:58:39.990]or swallowing more,
[00:58:41.460]make sure that you are giving large amounts of water or milk
[00:58:45.300]and induce vomiting only if the label allows it,
[00:58:49.650]or if directed by a medical professional.
[00:58:53.610]And like I said, inducing vomit,
[00:58:55.230]if you have to do an induced vomiting,
[00:58:57.990]only trying to do it until the medical professional arrives,
[00:59:01.590]lean the victim forward, give them
[00:59:03.840]at least two glasses of water,
[00:59:05.310]so they have some substance to help
[00:59:07.290]get that pesticide out of them,
[00:59:09.480]put a finger on a blunt object on the back of their throat,
[00:59:12.510]and then make sure you collect some of that,
[00:59:14.400]I know it's kind of gross,
[00:59:15.233]but then that will help them determine the cause,
[00:59:17.460]and the amount that they were getting,
[00:59:19.560]another really good option is activated charcoal,
[00:59:23.520]'cause that helps absorb
[00:59:25.200]some of the chemicals in the stomach.
[00:59:28.200]So one last thing, some other health risks,
[00:59:30.300]heat stress, it occurs when the body can't cope
[00:59:33.180]with the level of heat,
[00:59:34.440]so not only is this sometimes out in the sun,
[00:59:37.020]but if you're working in a closed space,
[00:59:38.730]it can be very hot, humid, you're wearing all your PPE,
[00:59:42.780]you're getting more fatigued,
[00:59:44.130]more tired quickly, be aware of that,
[00:59:46.860]make sure that you're drinking enough water,
[00:59:49.050]and like we talked about earlier, if there's fatigue,
[00:59:51.420]dizziness, clammy skin, confusion, headaches,
[00:59:55.080]those are signs of possible heat stress,
[00:59:57.720]and so you wanna take that seriously,
[00:59:59.850]get outside and take care of yourself.
[01:00:02.310]Heat stroke is life-threatening,
[01:00:04.200]it's even an exacerbated symptoms of heat stress
[01:00:07.680]can lead to loss of consciousness, convulsing,
[01:00:11.820]and possibly death if not taken care of.
[01:00:14.850]So remember, drink plenty of water,
[01:00:16.770]take breaks, avoid excess heat,
[01:00:19.920]and remember, the label is your friend,
[01:00:21.900]follow the label in all safety precautions.
[01:00:24.300]Thank you.
[01:00:25.278](upbeat ambient music)
[01:00:29.730]Chapter six covers personal protective equipment.
[01:00:32.970]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[01:00:36.570]identify where on the label to find the minimum clothing
[01:00:39.810]and personal protective equipment
[01:00:41.460]required to handle a given pesticide product.
[01:00:45.330]State the criteria to properly select skin, eye,
[01:00:49.470]and respiratory protection required by the pesticide label,
[01:00:53.430]based upon your expected use and exposure,
[01:00:57.900]list three work practices each
[01:01:00.000]for the correct use of gloves, footwear,
[01:01:03.030]and eyewear that minimize
[01:01:04.650]pesticide exposure and contamination.
[01:01:08.190]List the signs of wear and tear, damage,
[01:01:10.920]or other PPE failures that may expose you to pesticides.
[01:01:15.810]Explain the importance of wearing
[01:01:17.490]respiratory protection devices
[01:01:19.500]approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety
[01:01:22.620]and Health or NIOSH.
[01:01:26.280]Tell when to replace particulate filters,
[01:01:28.710]and chemical cartridges or canisters on your respirator.
[01:01:33.450]Distinguish between a fit test and a seal check
[01:01:36.300]for tight-fitting respirators.
[01:01:39.420]Describe how to clean and maintain pesticide-contaminated
[01:01:42.930]work clothes and PPE,
[01:01:46.020]and describe how to dispose of PPE, when necessary.
[01:01:50.162](upbeat ambient music)
[01:01:54.870]Well, hello again.
[01:01:56.400]I'm joined here with Stephanie Schultz,
[01:01:58.350]she's a newer member of the Pesticide Education Program,
[01:02:03.780]and Stephanie, you have some questions
[01:02:06.660]about personal protective equipment, I understand?
[01:02:09.090]I do.
[01:02:10.680]So we're gonna start off with
[01:02:12.720]what is the minimum clothing required
[01:02:15.870]for practically all pesticides?
[01:02:18.300]At a minimum, we want applicators
[01:02:20.520]to wear a long sleeved shirt, long pants, socks,
[01:02:25.560]and closed-toed shoes.
[01:02:27.480]Great.
[01:02:28.313]My next question, what is PPE?
[01:02:31.950]So PPE stands for personal protective equipment,
[01:02:36.480]and that refers to anything
[01:02:38.400]besides that kind of base clothing that we just covered,
[01:02:42.870]that your pesticide label may require you
[01:02:45.510]to wear while handling those products.
[01:02:49.470]How do I know what PPE is required
[01:02:52.590]for a given pesticide product?
[01:02:54.840]So PPE requirements are listed on a pesticide's label.
[01:03:00.150]These requirements are based on a number of things,
[01:03:03.810]including the type of handling activity
[01:03:06.390]that you're going to be doing,
[01:03:08.040]and the products itself, its toxicity, its formulation,
[01:03:13.380]and its use patterns,
[01:03:14.670]as well can affect the PPE requirements.
[01:03:17.790]So just always follow that label very closely.
[01:03:21.270]Labels are complex.
[01:03:23.820]Where exactly can I find the PPE requirements?
[01:03:28.890]Yeah, so it can be kind of difficult
[01:03:30.960]to actually find the requirement that you're looking for,
[01:03:35.100]so for applicators, and those who are mixing and loading,
[01:03:39.180]before an application,
[01:03:41.130]these PPE requirements are usually found
[01:03:43.410]in the precautionary statements section of the label.
[01:03:48.840]For early entry workers, so this would be in agriculture,
[01:03:52.770]if you need to enter a field
[01:03:55.470]soon after a pesticide application,
[01:03:58.950]there are different PPE requirements for that,
[01:04:02.130]and those can be found under
[01:04:04.470]the agricultural use requirements box on those labels.
[01:04:09.360]Sometimes there are exemptions for PPE,
[01:04:12.630]so under certain conditions, you might be able
[01:04:16.320]to not wear a certain piece of PPE
[01:04:19.920]that you would otherwise need to,
[01:04:21.540]those things would be found under engineering controls,
[01:04:24.390]so for when you're using like an enclosed cab,
[01:04:28.680]or something like that, that can put exemptions into play,
[01:04:34.260]and those can be found there.
[01:04:37.080]How do I know what PPE I need to wear?
[01:04:41.640]Yeah, so first you need to know your role
[01:04:44.520]and or your job,
[01:04:45.870]so what is it that you're doing for this application?
[01:04:48.390]Are you mixing the tank, are you just applying it?
[01:04:53.070]That will help you kind of identify what you need to wear,
[01:04:56.190]and what you don't need to wear,
[01:04:58.770]and then, yeah, you just find those requirements,
[01:05:01.710]wherever they are on the label,
[01:05:03.390]for the people that are doing your job.
[01:05:07.110]So that is required,
[01:05:08.670]optional, but a good idea is to think about the formulation
[01:05:13.530]that you're using, and what role you're performing,
[01:05:17.460]and you can kind of ask yourself, you know,
[01:05:19.507]"Should I wear additional PPE than what is required
[01:05:25.230]just for added safety?"
[01:05:26.370]You can absolutely do that.
[01:05:29.010]All right,
[01:05:29.843]so what's the best footwear practices?
[01:05:32.610]So some good footwear practices,
[01:05:36.030]you don't want open-toed shoes for sure,
[01:05:39.210]'cause that'll just open you up to exposure.
[01:05:41.280]No leather footwear,
[01:05:42.360]because that can absorb pesticides and hold them in there,
[01:05:46.500]and then you go and put that shoe on the next time,
[01:05:48.690]and you're just re-exposing yourself.
[01:05:52.380]You should only use your application footwear
[01:05:56.340]for pesticide work, don't use it for other activities,
[01:06:01.290]or at home, or anything like that.
[01:06:04.050]You wanna have some footwear
[01:06:05.790]specifically for using pesticides.
[01:06:08.670]And then lastly,
[01:06:09.780]and also very important is to remove that footwear
[01:06:13.080]before you enter your home,
[01:06:15.150]you know, after work, you don't wanna track in residues,
[01:06:19.380]and put risk exposing others in your family,
[01:06:22.440]or pets, or that sort of thing.
[01:06:25.440]What about eyewear practices?
[01:06:28.020]Yeah, some good eyewear practices,
[01:06:31.530]so if your label does say that you need
[01:06:34.380]to wear eye protection, that means at a minimum
[01:06:38.430]that you need to wear safety glasses,
[01:06:40.320]with shields on the front, the brow, and the temples,
[01:06:45.060]so it's really protecting those eyes,
[01:06:47.880]that's the minimum kind of eye protection that you'll need.
[01:06:54.750]If a label requires you
[01:06:56.400]to wear safety goggles specifically,
[01:06:58.290]those are a little more protective,
[01:06:59.760]and that would kind of indicate to you
[01:07:01.680]that maybe eye exposure to this product is
[01:07:05.550]a little more hazardous than if it just said eye protection,
[01:07:09.360]then you'll wanna have an eye washing station kind of nearby
[01:07:12.870]to handle any eye exposure that may happen,
[01:07:18.210]obviously, you want the safety goggles
[01:07:19.740]to minimize that risk,
[01:07:21.450]but having that eye wash station is a good idea, as well.
[01:07:25.170]And if you have contact lenses, if you wear contacts,
[01:07:28.890]we'd really recommend that you talk to your doctor
[01:07:31.530]about how to protect your eyes
[01:07:33.120]when you're handling pesticides,
[01:07:34.680]when a label calls for eye protection.
[01:07:38.340]What are the best practices for gloves?
[01:07:41.010]So gloves are hugely important to applicators.
[01:07:45.960]Most exposures happen to our skin
[01:07:48.660]and kind of in our hand areas,
[01:07:50.280]so you just really wanna make sure your gloves are meeting
[01:07:54.210]the label requirements for gloves.
[01:07:57.810]They'll usually require chemically resistant gloves,
[01:08:00.870]which will block most chemicals
[01:08:04.200]for at least a given amount of time,
[01:08:07.650]some products may require, on the other hand,
[01:08:09.960]waterproof gloves, or cotton gloves,
[01:08:13.140]that's specifically usually for fumigants to, you know,
[01:08:17.550]they have very unique properties,
[01:08:19.620]but usually you'll want chemically resistant gloves,
[01:08:24.540]and not just during application should you wear gloves,
[01:08:27.540]you should wear them whenever you have a chance
[01:08:29.790]of being in contact with pesticide residue.
[01:08:32.790]So that includes things like when you're cleaning
[01:08:35.730]your application equipment,
[01:08:38.310]or if you have a pesticide spill,
[01:08:40.560]and you're responding to that,
[01:08:42.124]that's a really important time to be wearing gloves,
[01:08:45.660]and protecting yourself, 'cause you may be working
[01:08:48.180]with concentrated product, at that point.
[01:08:51.810]If you have to remove gloves between tasks,
[01:08:54.210]wash them off before you take them off.
[01:08:57.300]Also, you want to immediately replace gloves
[01:09:03.810]if you see that they've gotten holes in them, or tears,
[01:09:07.260]or other damage, you wanna replace those
[01:09:09.120]as soon as possible,
[01:09:10.287]you wanna stop work and do that.
[01:09:13.500]And then you, we kind of have
[01:09:14.760]these two little graphics here,
[01:09:17.220]these kind of show you
[01:09:18.390]how you can avoid having pesticides
[01:09:21.150]kind of run down your shirt sleeves when you're working,
[01:09:23.850]if you're kind of working below your waist,
[01:09:26.430]you can tuck your gloves into your shirt sleeves,
[01:09:29.370]if you're working kind of more above your head,
[01:09:31.650]you can tuck your shirt sleeves into your gloves,
[01:09:33.990]and kind of cuff the ends of those gloves,
[01:09:37.230]and it'll kind of catch any dripping
[01:09:39.330]that comes down your arms there.
[01:09:42.840]What does chemical-resistant mean,
[01:09:44.790]and give a couple examples.
[01:09:47.610]Yeah, so chemical-resistant materials are materials
[01:09:50.940]that prevent most chemicals
[01:09:53.580]from reaching our skin when we're wearing them.
[01:09:56.820]This is different than what you would call waterproof.
[01:09:59.940]So some major examples of chemical-resistant materials
[01:10:04.260]that we use for handling pesticides
[01:10:06.360]are butyl rubber, nitrile, neoprene, PVC, Viton,
[01:10:13.050]and barrier laminate,
[01:10:15.480]latex, you know, latex gloves are very common,
[01:10:18.330]but those are not resistant to most chemicals,
[01:10:21.090]so they are not really acceptable for handling pesticides.
[01:10:26.370]They're not gonna give you much protection there.
[01:10:30.210]And like I mentioned earlier,
[01:10:32.280]even chemical-resistant gloves,
[01:10:34.350]they will stop working after a point,
[01:10:37.020]they only have a certain amount of life to 'em,
[01:10:40.650]and you will have to change those out periodically.
[01:10:43.770]Does my PPE last forever,
[01:10:46.350]and when do I know I need to change it out?
[01:10:48.870]Yeah, we can kind of think of PPE as a barrier between us
[01:10:52.560]and the pesticide that we're using.
[01:10:54.840]And so when it stops providing that barrier,
[01:10:58.260]it kind of stops protecting us, right?
[01:11:00.540]And so we need to replace PPE
[01:11:02.910]before that even happens to truly protect ourselves.
[01:11:07.350]So if clothes, you know, your shirt or pants
[01:11:11.670]are heavily soiled by pesticides when you're using them,
[01:11:15.810]you wanna remove those, you know,
[01:11:17.760]change out of those as soon as possible,
[01:11:20.460]and you're probably gonna just wanna
[01:11:22.050]dispose of those clothes instead of trying to wash them,
[01:11:24.870]if they're heavily soiled.
[01:11:27.420]Respirators, which protect our lungs,
[01:11:31.680]filters and cartridges on those
[01:11:34.080]should be replaced fairly frequently,
[01:11:37.440]and then gloves, like I kind of mentioned,
[01:11:39.510]service life depends on the material itself of the glove,
[01:11:43.530]and the thickness of the glove.
[01:11:46.143]So thicker gloves are gonna last longer,
[01:11:49.230]thinner gloves are gonna give out quicker.
[01:11:51.870]So when you're picking your gloves,
[01:11:54.420]you can kind of consider the cost
[01:11:56.610]between different materials, and your personal preference,
[01:11:59.850]or comfort, whatever's most comfortable for you.
[01:12:04.020]And yeah, you just wanna make sure
[01:12:06.480]that you're checking for any recommendations
[01:12:09.030]from the PPE manufacturers
[01:12:10.770]to make sure that you're following
[01:12:13.170]whatever guidance that they offer to you.
[01:12:17.550]What is NIOSH,
[01:12:18.570]and why does it matter to applicators?
[01:12:20.820]So NIOSH is the National Institute
[01:12:23.430]for Occupational Safety and Health.
[01:12:27.480]So NIOSH is important to pesticide applicators,
[01:12:30.570]because that is the agency that certifies respirators,
[01:12:35.580]it certifies the respirators
[01:12:37.680]that meet certain safety standards.
[01:12:42.330]So they do this for --
[01:12:44.010]So they'll test a respirator for specific contaminants,
[01:12:47.520]and they'll certify it for that.
[01:12:48.930]So a lot of pesticide labels,
[01:12:53.340]they will specify the type of respirator
[01:12:55.470]that you are supposed to use for that product,
[01:13:00.330]and it may vary depending on
[01:13:03.300]how or where you're going to use the product,
[01:13:05.790]but they specify the type of respirator,
[01:13:08.490]because NIOSH has certified that type for a certain thing.
[01:13:14.520]So we do also wanna caution you
[01:13:16.650]not to use non-NIOSH approved respirators,
[01:13:21.810]and we also want to caution against
[01:13:24.990]kind of interchanging parts
[01:13:26.610]from one manufacturer respirator
[01:13:30.300]to another manufacturer's respirator,
[01:13:32.550]that would kind of void that NIOSH certification.
[01:13:36.900]And that's not good.
[01:13:37.800]You're putting yourself at additional risk in that case.
[01:13:41.670]How long does my respirator last,
[01:13:44.070]and how I know when to change it out?
[01:13:46.470]First, we'll talk about particulate filters,
[01:13:48.720]so these are the filters that prevent inhalation
[01:13:53.130]of particles or sprays,
[01:13:55.620]and so we recommend that you replace particulate filters
[01:13:59.850]first by the manufacturer's recommendation,
[01:14:05.310]or the label's, the pesticide label's recommendation,
[01:14:09.570]or after eight hours of using that particulate filter.
[01:14:13.050]So whichever one of those comes first,
[01:14:15.030]that should be when you replace those particulate filters.
[01:14:18.690]And then, of course, if you notice tears
[01:14:21.420]or damage in that filter, or it's being soiled,
[01:14:27.840]or it's becoming difficult to breathe through it, you know,
[01:14:30.450]you can also replace it at that time.
[01:14:32.820]Chemical cartridges, or canisters,
[01:14:35.250]these prevent harmful gases and vapors
[01:14:37.320]from getting into your lungs,
[01:14:39.000]and so they are a little different
[01:14:42.390]than the particulate filters,
[01:14:43.500]and there are different kinds of chemical cartridges.
[01:14:47.070]So the service life of these cartridges depends
[01:14:49.950]on humidity, the pesticide that you're using,
[01:14:56.040]the concentration of that pesticide,
[01:14:58.920]and also the rate of your breathing,
[01:15:00.900]if you're really working strenuously,
[01:15:04.080]it probably won't last as long.
[01:15:06.900]So at the very minimum,
[01:15:08.550]you should replace these cartridges
[01:15:10.080]at the end of each working day,
[01:15:11.970]and you definitely want to stop using them
[01:15:15.090]after the expiration date on their packaging.
[01:15:18.660]And if you are sensing a cartridge failure,
[01:15:21.300]so that could mean you're smelling something,
[01:15:24.240]or tasting something,
[01:15:26.250]you should leave the work area immediately,
[01:15:29.610]and replace that cartridge as soon as possible,
[01:15:33.540]'cause there could be imminent exposure, in that case.
[01:15:37.050]And then respirator bodies, you know,
[01:15:40.050]you wanna get fit tested for these annually,
[01:15:42.810]if it no longer fits you, then it's time to replace it,
[01:15:46.470]and you wanna store these respirator bodies
[01:15:48.450]away from heat and sunlight,
[01:15:50.520]to avoid having them warp or get brittle,
[01:15:54.870]which can cause problems down the road, as well.
[01:15:57.960]Okay, Greg, how else will I know
[01:15:59.820]that my respirator is protecting me?
[01:16:02.490]There's kind of a general process
[01:16:05.610]to effectively using a respirator for pesticide handling,
[01:16:09.840]so first is to get a medical evaluation,
[01:16:12.270]and this is someone signing off on the fact
[01:16:16.560]that you are physically fit enough to work,
[01:16:19.620]while wearing that respirator,
[01:16:22.290]which can kind of restrict your breathing.
[01:16:23.820]So it is important to know that you are actually fit enough
[01:16:26.610]to use one.
[01:16:28.110]And then you get a fit test,
[01:16:29.790]and this is done by a second person,
[01:16:33.540]you should repeat this process annually,
[01:16:35.370]but they will actually test to make sure
[01:16:37.860]that you have a good seal on your face, it fits your face,
[01:16:43.830]and that you're not sensing any contaminant
[01:16:48.300]through that respirator.
[01:16:51.870]You should be trained by your employer
[01:16:54.150]on using and maintaining your respirator,
[01:16:57.120]so it stays in good shape,
[01:16:59.640]and then obviously you wanna make sure you have
[01:17:02.100]the right filter or cartridge for the pesticide,
[01:17:05.040]that you're using, so if it needs particulate filter,
[01:17:07.650]you wanna wear that, et cetera.
[01:17:10.050]And then before each use of the respirator,
[01:17:13.320]you'll want to also do a seal check.
[01:17:16.170]This is something you can test on yourself,
[01:17:20.550]and so you basically just cover up
[01:17:24.450]either the inhalation or exhalation valves
[01:17:27.660]on the respirator, and make sure that there is a tight seal,
[01:17:31.260]you're not getting any air coming in around
[01:17:34.800]the edges of the respirator to make sure
[01:17:37.500]that it's really protecting you.
[01:17:41.280]Okay, so now how do I handle my clothes
[01:17:44.040]after using pesticides?
[01:17:45.960]Yeah, so assuming
[01:17:47.730]that they're not heavily soiled afterwards,
[01:17:50.370]you'll want to wash your work clothes separately
[01:17:53.640]from, say, your everyday laundry, or your family's laundry.
[01:17:58.800]So when you're doing this,
[01:18:00.060]you wanna use the hottest water possible on your machine,
[01:18:04.680]you wanna use heavy-duty detergent,
[01:18:06.930]and you wanna do the longest wash cycle you have,
[01:18:12.210]and that will maximize the amount of residue
[01:18:15.960]you can get outta your clothes, after you do that,
[01:18:19.590]it's a good idea to run an empty wash cycle after that
[01:18:22.890]to kind of flush some more of those residues out,
[01:18:26.730]and then either machine drying or clothesline drying
[01:18:33.360]are acceptable ways to dry those clothes.
[01:18:37.350]Now let's talk about
[01:18:38.970]what do I do with my reusable gloves after pesticides?
[01:18:43.890]Some people will use kind of disposable gloves,
[01:18:46.890]one time use,
[01:18:48.180]other people prefer thicker ones that you can reuse.
[01:18:51.270]So if you do that, while you're still wearing your gloves,
[01:18:55.170]you wanna wash the outsides of the gloves
[01:18:57.480]with soap and warm water,
[01:19:00.000]then you can remove the gloves safely,
[01:19:03.450]wash the insides with soap and water,
[01:19:06.780]this is a great opportunity when you're kind of filling 'em
[01:19:09.180]with water to see if any water is dripping
[01:19:11.640]or escaping through the glove,
[01:19:13.080]so you can kind of see if there's any holes developing,
[01:19:16.320]if you do see that, then it's time
[01:19:18.180]to get rid of those gloves, and start a new pair.
[01:19:21.600]And then you can hang those gloves up somewhere to dry,
[01:19:26.010]keep 'em away from pesticides,
[01:19:27.930]don't store them with your pesticides,
[01:19:31.440]and yeah, you kind of wanna keep 'em away outta the sunlight
[01:19:36.090]'cause that can damage them structurally,
[01:19:38.910]and then once they're dry, you can seal 'em in a bag
[01:19:42.750]that you label clearly, so people know
[01:19:45.720]that those have been used, and then you're good to go.
[01:19:49.170]Okay, my next question is,
[01:19:50.730]how do I handle my footwear after I use pesticides?
[01:19:54.210]Ah yes.
[01:19:55.110]So again, you can wash the outsides of them,
[01:19:59.850]insides too, if possible,
[01:20:02.760]again, you shouldn't be wearing like leather shoes,
[01:20:05.010]or cloth-type shoes,
[01:20:09.450]and then again, store those away from pesticides,
[01:20:12.030]and I think I mentioned this before,
[01:20:14.130]but you don't want to wear those into your house,
[01:20:17.820]'cause you could be tracking residue into your home.
[01:20:22.860]What should I do with my respirator
[01:20:24.570]and eyewear after using pesticides?
[01:20:28.200]So yeah, you wanna dispose of your cartridges
[01:20:31.020]after each workday,
[01:20:34.830]washing eyewear and respirator bodies is kind of similar,
[01:20:40.140]you just wanna follow the manufacturer's instructions
[01:20:42.690]if there are any,
[01:20:43.740]if not, then you can just use hot, soapy water,
[01:20:46.320]that'll do about the best job.
[01:20:49.350]Seal those in plastic bags
[01:20:50.910]once they're dried, kind of like the gloves,
[01:20:53.280]and again, store in a clean, dry place,
[01:20:55.950]away from your pesticide storage.
[01:20:58.710]And again, heat and sunlight can warp that PPE.
[01:21:04.260]Okay, Greg, tell me
[01:21:05.310]how I safely dispose of my PPE
[01:21:09.270]and application clothing.
[01:21:11.640]Okay, yeah, so if you've just either really soiled
[01:21:15.660]something or if it's just time, if its shelf life is over,
[01:21:21.270]you can rinse off PPE before disposing of it,
[01:21:24.900]that'll cut down on the residues being added
[01:21:27.330]to the landfill or hazardous waste collection,
[01:21:33.720]so if it's heavily soiled stuff, say you've got a shirt
[01:21:37.080]that's just drenched, you can bag that up,
[01:21:40.740]you know, kind of seal it up, so it's not hurting anybody.
[01:21:44.250]Label that bag very clearly,
[01:21:45.990]so that other people are aware what's in there,
[01:21:48.510]so they don't go opening that bag and reaching in,
[01:21:51.630]and then you can take that stuff
[01:21:53.370]to a hazardous waste collection site,
[01:21:55.320]and they can take care of it for you.
[01:21:58.200]Thank you Greg, for all the PPE information.
[01:22:02.087]Welcome. (upbeat ambient music)
[01:22:06.930]At this point in our review,
[01:22:08.520]the extension educator facilitating today's program
[01:22:11.580]will take you through a label exercise.
[01:22:14.370]This exercise will help you familiarize yourself
[01:22:16.920]with finding and interpreting the information
[01:22:19.260]found on pesticide labels.
[01:22:21.321](upbeat ambient music)
[01:22:34.470]We'll continue our review of general standards
[01:22:36.690]with chapter seven,
[01:22:38.040]which covers pesticides in the environment.
[01:22:41.190]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[01:22:44.820]describe how pesticide applications
[01:22:46.890]can affect the environment.
[01:22:49.410]Explain how to prevent pesticide drift,
[01:22:52.050]runoff, and movement to non-target areas.
[01:22:55.890]Identify sensitive areas that could be harmed by pesticides,
[01:23:00.540]discuss how to prevent pesticide residue accumulation
[01:23:03.960]associated with mixing, loading, and equipment washing,
[01:23:08.580]state when to adjust or delay an application
[01:23:11.460]to minimize environmental impact,
[01:23:13.800]and maximize effectiveness.
[01:23:15.874](upbeat ambient music)
[01:23:21.090]Hi, I'm Sam Polly from the University of Missouri
[01:23:24.060]Pesticide Safety Education Program.
[01:23:26.460]Today we're gonna be talking about
[01:23:27.840]pesticides in the environment.
[01:23:31.590]Some of our learning objectives
[01:23:32.850]are to understand the environmental consequences
[01:23:35.160]of pesticide application, knowing how to prevent
[01:23:38.040]drift- and runoff, identifying pesticide-sensitive areas
[01:23:41.970]in the environment, and also knowing how to adjust
[01:23:44.820]your methods and your application to minimize damage.
[01:23:49.740]So first thing I wanna talk about is misapplication.
[01:23:52.500]Now this could be an hour-long discussion,
[01:23:54.210]but I have a list here real quick,
[01:23:55.830]and I think you're probably familiar with the drift issues
[01:23:58.650]in agriculture, but people don't think
[01:24:00.600]so much about drift on lawn care,
[01:24:02.760]or even in structural situations,
[01:24:05.280]drift, runoff, infiltration, down through the soil,
[01:24:09.750]and another one people don't think about is erosion,
[01:24:12.210]you apply on the soil,
[01:24:13.470]and then a rain washes the soil off carrying the pesticides,
[01:24:17.310]and of course leaks or spills don't happen that often,
[01:24:20.100]but that can be a huge source
[01:24:21.450]of concentrated pesticide material,
[01:24:23.850]and then track out as vehicles drive through
[01:24:26.130]freshly applied pesticides.
[01:24:28.050]These are the kinds of things you wanna think about
[01:24:30.180]as illustrated by this photo of a lawn,
[01:24:32.430]where somebody messed up, and burned the lawn.
[01:24:36.960]And, of course, we have impact on the environment,
[01:24:39.420]and this can be on adjacent forests during a drift episode,
[01:24:43.050]specialty crops that maybe are much more sensitive
[01:24:46.170]to the pesticide than the crop you're applying,
[01:24:48.780]organic operations that aren't supposed
[01:24:51.060]to have any pesticide,
[01:24:52.560]at least the conventional pesticide
[01:24:54.360]drifting onto their crops,
[01:24:56.430]the neighbor landscapes, this is often one we hear about,
[01:24:59.130]especially in the urban setting,
[01:25:01.020]and then, of course active ingredients,
[01:25:02.820]finding their ways to the waterways where we have fish kills
[01:25:05.550]and aquatic invertebrate death.
[01:25:09.030]Now one of the biggest issues I mentioned is drift.
[01:25:11.970]We have two major types of drift, you have vapor drift,
[01:25:15.210]where you have either no wind causing an inversion layer,
[01:25:18.930]and the pesticide gets applied,
[01:25:20.910]and just sits there as a cloud, or too much wind,
[01:25:24.900]and then a volatile formulation of pesticide.
[01:25:28.440]This can be a huge issue,
[01:25:29.430]where you apply the pesticide properly,
[01:25:31.350]but then it releases back into the atmosphere.
[01:25:34.650]And of course particle drift is very common,
[01:25:36.960]that's where you have a nozzle that creates fine particles
[01:25:41.100]that can then drift through the air,
[01:25:42.750]because they're lighter, or heavy wind.
[01:25:46.350]And these photos here show some drift damage leaves,
[01:25:49.260]and then this man with no protective equipment,
[01:25:52.110]and you can actually see his spray column arching back
[01:25:54.900]with the wind, and hitting his feet.
[01:25:58.530]So there are several things you can do to reduce your drift,
[01:26:01.320]and one is find a product that less prone to drift,
[01:26:04.830]always follow the label,
[01:26:06.360]and there are several things you can adjust,
[01:26:08.070]for example, getting nozzles that produce less drift,
[01:26:13.080]because they're more coarse particles,
[01:26:15.990]and then, of course, your pressure can be adjusted
[01:26:18.240]to higher pressure creates finer particles
[01:26:21.420]that then drift more.
[01:26:22.410]So you have to balance good application
[01:26:25.080]with drift potential.
[01:26:26.940]And then another issue is boom height.
[01:26:28.800]You can see the photo here,
[01:26:30.240]this guy has his boom pretty high above his crop
[01:26:33.060]as he's spraying,
[01:26:33.893]and so there's a lot more potential the drop distance
[01:26:36.990]for the particles to catch the wind and move.
[01:26:40.320]And then on that note, thinking about your pressure,
[01:26:43.230]sometimes new applicators think,
[01:26:44.617]"Well, I can just crank up my pressure
[01:26:46.230]to get more volume out",
[01:26:48.870]but a fourfold pressure increase is required
[01:26:52.260]to double your output so it's not proportional.
[01:26:54.810]And when you increase the pressure that much,
[01:26:57.120]that increases the drift potential.
[01:27:01.080]Now weather's something I need to briefly mention,
[01:27:03.870]you wanna take a look at the rain probability
[01:27:06.720]every time you spray.
[01:27:08.370]And in some cases, if you're applying,
[01:27:11.310]say, a pre-emergent herbicide
[01:27:13.170]or maybe an insecticide for grub control,
[01:27:15.810]those need to soak down through the soil,
[01:27:17.670]so you want a predicted rain or an irrigation event,
[01:27:20.760]but in many cases, rain is a threat.
[01:27:23.040]You don't wanna wash the chemical off the leaves
[01:27:25.830]that you've applied to.
[01:27:27.510]And then, of course, wind direction and speed,
[01:27:29.970]both of those are important,
[01:27:31.380]and so I always recommend you print the forecast
[01:27:34.350]for the week, so you have some kind of record,
[01:27:36.720]if you get an inspection or called into question,
[01:27:39.210]you can show, "Oh this wasn't me that drifted over there,
[01:27:42.210]'cause the wind was blowing the opposite direction",
[01:27:44.250]and you can keep track for future referenced
[01:27:47.490]as you become a better applicator,
[01:27:49.470]it gives you a record of how successful
[01:27:51.660]your operation has been.
[01:27:53.640]Of course, you wanna watch out for inversions,
[01:27:55.320]and relative humidity is important.
[01:27:56.970]So here's a picture of an anemometer,
[01:27:59.250]it's a very cheap insurance for your program,
[01:28:02.070]you can go out every day,
[01:28:03.120]and check on-site at the ground level
[01:28:06.090]where you're applying the wind speed,
[01:28:08.490]and then here's a picture
[01:28:10.020]of a screenshot from the weather report,
[01:28:12.600]which is a great thing to print out
[01:28:13.920]every week before you spray.
[01:28:17.100]And then with drift reduction, and your sprayer output,
[01:28:21.000]instead of cranking up the pressure,
[01:28:22.440]there's a couple of better options,
[01:28:24.360]one is to decrease your speed,
[01:28:26.220]and calibrate at that speed, so you can,
[01:28:28.710]since you're going slower, you're putting out more material,
[01:28:31.950]and then also changing to a higher output nozzle.
[01:28:36.690]Now some of the hazards,
[01:28:38.040]when I talk about hazards in this context,
[01:28:40.230]we're looking at what could cause pesticide
[01:28:42.750]to move off target.
[01:28:44.100]And so soil texture's a huge one.
[01:28:46.410]If you're applying to row crops,
[01:28:48.120]or a landscape, sandy soil is gonna infiltrate,
[01:28:51.330]or allow that pesticide product to leach down
[01:28:53.550]through the soil, and then clay causes more runoff.
[01:28:56.820]So if you have a rain or an irrigation event
[01:28:58.980]that you didn't plan on, that can cause
[01:29:00.990]your chemical to wash off into an adjacent waterway.
[01:29:04.410]And again, the one thing
[01:29:05.820]that people don't really think about is erodible soils.
[01:29:08.190]As this picture shows, if you were doing
[01:29:10.440]a right of way application, and your product hit this bank,
[01:29:13.590]you can see that soil is washing away,
[01:29:15.660]and will carry those particles
[01:29:17.250]into the adjacent waterways.
[01:29:19.530]Slopes, also, you can have sloping lawns,
[01:29:21.960]or rolling hills with crop land,
[01:29:24.360]those situations are more prone to erosion and runoff.
[01:29:28.440]And then traffic is a big one,
[01:29:30.510]and this is where maybe you didn't communicate,
[01:29:33.150]and some farm workers come driving out
[01:29:34.770]through your area where you just applied,
[01:29:36.930]now they can track that product away,
[01:29:39.240]and another big one is animal encroachment.
[01:29:41.700]I like to tell the story of an applicator
[01:29:43.500]in a nearby state who was applying,
[01:29:46.560]and his dogs were loose, they came running out,
[01:29:48.630]and then ran right under his spray booms,
[01:29:50.640]they dove in an adjacent pond,
[01:29:52.680]and within hours, the fish were all floating up dead.
[01:29:55.740]So you have to watch out for animal encroachment.
[01:29:59.910]Rinsate is a common dilemma for people,
[01:30:03.630]you wanna make sure as you rinse out your tank
[01:30:06.240]that you apply that product,
[01:30:08.460]that real diluted product on a legal location.
[01:30:11.790]When I was a commercial applicator,
[01:30:13.230]I always made sure I scouted ahead,
[01:30:15.510]and communicated with either the client I was spraying on,
[01:30:19.110]or an adjacent client, where I could apply the material,
[01:30:22.140]and not go over the label rate.
[01:30:24.030]So a lot of times people will spray a field,
[01:30:25.980]then they'll rinse their tank, and go back over that field,
[01:30:28.950]now they've added some additional product,
[01:30:30.570]and they could be over the labeled rate.
[01:30:32.520]So you wanna plan ahead,
[01:30:33.480]and properly discard of your containers too.
[01:30:37.770]Now sensitive areas in application can be,
[01:30:40.800]there's a number of types, wetlands, ponds, streams,
[01:30:43.380]and even ditches that aren't necessarily a wetland,
[01:30:45.660]or a natural stream, can still carry water off site,
[01:30:48.870]that could be contaminated,
[01:30:50.550]and then the area of wells, and cisterns,
[01:30:54.600]and risers for sprinkler heads, these types of city drains
[01:31:00.090]can carry the material off to waterways,
[01:31:02.880]so you wanna, or contaminate the groundwater,
[01:31:04.830]you wanna be really careful about those areas.
[01:31:07.440]Endangered species' habitat is really the talk right now
[01:31:10.890]in the industry and so we need to be able
[01:31:13.140]to look at the online maps, or just be observant,
[01:31:16.320]and look for natural areas that you wanna stay away from
[01:31:18.900]with drift or application.
[01:31:21.660]Beehives are another big topic these days,
[01:31:24.810]could be the natural beehives, or apiaries,
[01:31:27.660]or even blooming crops that maybe you didn't expect,
[01:31:30.270]and you just notice a lot of pollinator activity,
[01:31:32.760]and so you wanna observe on-site,
[01:31:34.740]and also check the BeeCheck website
[01:31:37.470]to see if anybody has hives registered in your area.
[01:31:40.980]And then sensitive crops are another similar situation,
[01:31:43.710]again, there's a website called Driftwatch
[01:31:45.693]that you can check to see if anybody has
[01:31:48.090]sensitive crops labeled in your area,
[01:31:50.760]and then domestic livestock or pets,
[01:31:53.250]and of course schools, parks, playgrounds,
[01:31:55.590]and public gardens are areas to really be cautious.
[01:32:01.080]Preventing harm to the sensitive areas,
[01:32:03.060]there's several things you can do,
[01:32:05.010]and protecting fish, wildlife, livestock, pollinators,
[01:32:09.480]I like to use the example of rodeo versus roundup.
[01:32:12.030]They're both glyphosate,
[01:32:13.410]but one is labeled for aquatic sites,
[01:32:15.270]and the other is for terrestrial sites.
[01:32:17.130]Make sure you have the right product,
[01:32:18.660]and that's why reading the label is so critical.
[01:32:21.420]And of course you always wanna try
[01:32:22.770]to use the least toxic product,
[01:32:24.780]especially when you're around pollinators,
[01:32:27.090]and you're in natural areas.
[01:32:29.220]Talked about runoff and infiltration,
[01:32:31.980]another thing you wanna check as far as endangered species,
[01:32:34.890]the bulletins live two website,
[01:32:36.540]especially if the label requires that,
[01:32:39.120]and I think we'll be seeing more of that
[01:32:40.980]on the labeling in the future,
[01:32:42.990]and then of course reducing drift,
[01:32:45.300]and you see in this photo, there's a corn crop,
[01:32:48.240]there's a little soil strip,
[01:32:49.590]and then you have this nice vegetated buffer
[01:32:51.840]protecting the adjacent waterway,
[01:32:53.880]so that area doesn't even get sprayed,
[01:32:55.680]if you did have a little bit of drift,
[01:32:57.420]it's gonna get caught in that native vegetation,
[01:32:59.790]and not go to the stream.
[01:33:01.800]And a back siphon protection is critical,
[01:33:03.930]you should have an air gap above your spray tank,
[01:33:06.660]so the hose or water source doesn't dip down into the tank
[01:33:10.380]and get contaminated,
[01:33:11.760]and having a breaker on the faucet or hose bib
[01:33:15.840]can also prevent backflow into the water source,
[01:33:19.860]and always have a good, safe area to clean,
[01:33:22.980]and mix your application equipment.
[01:33:26.940]Now when would you wanna delay applications?
[01:33:29.430]This is something no applicator wants
[01:33:31.080]to think too much about, because you have jobs to get done,
[01:33:34.110]you only have so much time in the spray season,
[01:33:36.510]but if you show up on site,
[01:33:37.920]and wind or rain occurs, that wasn't predicted,
[01:33:41.520]which is very common in the Midwest,
[01:33:43.530]you look at the weather report for the week,
[01:33:45.300]you think you're all good and scheduled,
[01:33:47.070]and all of a sudden that big black cloud rolls in,
[01:33:49.920]just call it a day, go find another job,
[01:33:52.020]do some maintenance, catch up on paperwork,
[01:33:54.300]you wanna plan this into your schedule for the month,
[01:33:57.630]and I've had times,
[01:33:58.920]where I was spraying the wind, at a 180 immediately,
[01:34:02.250]and all of a sudden it was blowing onto a sensitive site,
[01:34:04.710]or cause some other hazard,
[01:34:05.787]and so again, you need to either call it a day,
[01:34:09.750]or move to a different location,
[01:34:11.640]where you can work with that wind direction.
[01:34:14.970]This photo shows an inversion.
[01:34:16.920]You can see the haze is just hanging there in the air,
[01:34:19.470]there was zero wind, that's a day you don't wanna spray,
[01:34:22.290]because your pesticide will become a cloud,
[01:34:24.750]just hanging in the air,
[01:34:26.190]and then it'll eventually move off site,
[01:34:27.960]instead of hitting your intended target.
[01:34:30.450]And watch out for adjacent blooming fields.
[01:34:33.540]To summarize, always follow the label,
[01:34:37.110]know the sensitive locations, wetlands,
[01:34:39.480]pollinator habitat like this butterfly
[01:34:41.370]on some native flowers, people, livestock,
[01:34:44.910]remain observant, things can change,
[01:34:47.280]you can go to lunch, and come back,
[01:34:49.020]and some workers have parked their vehicles
[01:34:50.760]out where you're supposed to spray,
[01:34:51.900]always be looking for those kinds of sensitive situations,
[01:34:55.080]and adjust to the site conditions,
[01:34:57.300]keep your pesticides on target,
[01:34:59.220]and know when to delay the pesticide application,
[01:35:01.800]and come back another time.
[01:35:03.570]So thanks for being with us today, and have a safe season.
[01:35:05.964](upbeat ambient music)
[01:35:11.040]Chapter eight covers pesticide transportation,
[01:35:13.830]storage, and security.
[01:35:16.050]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[01:35:19.590]state what precautions to take
[01:35:21.330]before transporting pesticides,
[01:35:24.240]summarize what the label says about legally disposing
[01:35:27.450]of unwanted pesticides,
[01:35:30.360]list the steps to take to restrict access to pesticides,
[01:35:34.980]explain how to create a safe and secure storage area,
[01:35:39.480]describe how to properly store pesticides,
[01:35:43.290]discuss how to reduce the amounts
[01:35:45.150]stored by controlling inventory,
[01:35:48.360]and explain how to maintain the integrity
[01:35:50.490]of pesticide containers.
[01:35:52.232](upbeat ambient music)
[01:35:57.150]Hello, my name is Daniel Sjarpe,
[01:35:58.647]and I'm from the University of Missouri
[01:36:00.900]Pesticide Safety Education Program.
[01:36:03.330]Today, we'll be talking about
[01:36:04.560]transportation, storage, and security.
[01:36:08.670]Being careless harms everyone, and accidents happen.
[01:36:12.660]Spills and leaks that occur while transporting pesticides
[01:36:15.480]can lead to environmental pollution,
[01:36:17.820]endangerment of residential areas,
[01:36:20.010]and even legal actions.
[01:36:21.960]Vehicles passing through that pesticide spill,
[01:36:24.630]then increase the size of the impacted area
[01:36:27.510]by moving the pesticides around.
[01:36:29.760]By knowing how to respond and being prepared,
[01:36:32.460]helps eliminate that potential community disaster.
[01:36:37.260]First and foremost, never transport pesticides
[01:36:41.070]in the passenger compartment of a vehicle.
[01:36:44.430]Because of this, truck beds are convenient
[01:36:46.650]for transporting pesticides,
[01:36:48.390]but do not stack the cargo higher
[01:36:51.960]than the sides of the vehicle,
[01:36:54.390]cargo can also move around,
[01:36:56.310]especially with sudden starts and stops, or uneven roads,
[01:37:00.030]so make sure that those containers are secured in place.
[01:37:03.930]Also make sure to check your bed for any sharp object,
[01:37:07.200]because they can puncture and tear the container,
[01:37:10.170]and make sure that the bed is constructed
[01:37:12.090]of something easy to clean.
[01:37:16.200]Remember, if a pesticide spills on the road
[01:37:18.930]during transportation, the vehicle owner
[01:37:21.330]and operator are responsible.
[01:37:24.000]Vehicle owners and operators
[01:37:26.160]must know emergency spill response procedures,
[01:37:29.220]and who to contact for assistance with cleanup.
[01:37:33.510]In some locations,
[01:37:34.950]the person transporting pesticides
[01:37:36.720]may need to have special training, or certification,
[01:37:40.350]and in some states,
[01:37:42.240]may need to be a certified pesticide applicator.
[01:37:45.090]So make sure to check your local and state regulations.
[01:37:49.800]If you are transporting a load
[01:37:51.510]containing hazardous materials,
[01:37:53.430]according to the US Department of Transportation,
[01:37:56.280]you must also receive special driver training,
[01:37:59.220]and be licensed accordingly.
[01:38:03.090]A simple precaution you can take
[01:38:05.130]is to outfit your pesticide transportation vehicle,
[01:38:08.550]so that you're prepared in case of a spill.
[01:38:12.060]Check the dealer and SDS or safety data sheet
[01:38:15.690]to see if the material requires the driver
[01:38:17.910]to carry a vehicle manifest for transportation.
[01:38:21.930]Also carry a copy of that pesticide label,
[01:38:25.260]and the safety data sheet.
[01:38:28.590]Have a spill kit in the vehicle.
[01:38:31.590]Outfit each transportation vehicle,
[01:38:34.140]or its driver with a phone.
[01:38:36.690]Finally, keep a list of emergency telephone numbers
[01:38:40.110]in every vehicle.
[01:38:43.320]To protect from unauthorized access or theft,
[01:38:46.530]never leave pesticides unattended.
[01:38:49.500]If possible, transport pesticides
[01:38:51.660]in a locked compartment or container,
[01:38:54.360]and always secure them out of reach of children.
[01:38:58.830]The US Department of Transportation requires vehicles
[01:39:01.740]transporting certain hazardous materials to be placarded.
[01:39:05.760]There aren't many pesticides that fall into this category,
[01:39:08.970]but it it's important to ask your dealer
[01:39:11.190]if your load requires placarding.
[01:39:14.910]Anyone who transports a hazardous material
[01:39:18.060]that requires the vehicle to have placards
[01:39:20.340]must also have a transportation security plan.
[01:39:24.390]This plan must include protection
[01:39:26.520]against unauthorized access to the vehicle and load,
[01:39:30.360]security check for the employees,
[01:39:33.060]and a security plan for the intended route of travel.
[01:39:36.930]If you need further information on this,
[01:39:39.120]contact a hazardous materials information center.
[01:39:44.070]We've discussed how to safely transport pesticides,
[01:39:46.680]and now we are going to discuss how to safely store them.
[01:39:49.950]An ideal pesticide storage site protects against exposure
[01:39:53.130]to people and animals, environmental contamination,
[01:39:57.330]product degradation, theft, and vandalism.
[01:40:00.930]Never store pesticides in a location,
[01:40:03.600]where they can be easily accessed by children,
[01:40:06.360]or other unauthorized individuals.
[01:40:10.380]Make sure your storage site is secure, lock it up.
[01:40:14.190]You should always post warning signs
[01:40:16.230]on the outside of the storage facility to let people know
[01:40:19.800]that there are potentially dangerous
[01:40:21.420]substances stored inside.
[01:40:23.400]Post a no smoking sign on the pesticide storage facility,
[01:40:27.600]since some pesticides are highly flammable.
[01:40:32.160]Many state and local governments have regulations
[01:40:34.770]with minimum required distances
[01:40:36.960]between a pesticide storage facility and a water source.
[01:40:41.220]A common recommendation is to place the pesticide
[01:40:44.010]storage facility at least 50 feet from a well,
[01:40:47.820]and at least 200 feet away from an open source of water.
[01:40:52.320]These include lakes, rivers, and streams.
[01:40:54.960]Check with your state lead agency
[01:40:56.700]to make sure you are in a compliance with these regulations.
[01:41:01.590]The storage facilities should be cool and well-ventilated.
[01:41:05.070]Excessive moisture in the storage facility can cause labels,
[01:41:08.520]containers, and even some pesticides to deteriorate.
[01:41:12.510]Protect your storage facility
[01:41:13.920]from large fluctuations in temperature.
[01:41:16.560]Some pesticides lose their effectiveness
[01:41:19.290]if they are stored in extreme heat, or extreme cold.
[01:41:23.310]Exhaust fans can be used
[01:41:25.020]to reduce the temperature inside the facility,
[01:41:27.510]and also remove any dust and vapors.
[01:41:32.280]Flooring and sloping materials used in pesticide
[01:41:35.190]storage facilities should be non-porous.
[01:41:38.190]A sealed cement floor with no cracks is good flooring
[01:41:41.760]for a storage facility.
[01:41:43.470]If you have a drain, slope the floor,
[01:41:45.870]and make sure the drain connects directly
[01:41:47.940]to a containment system, for later use, or disposal.
[01:41:52.080]Shelving in the facility should also be made
[01:41:54.660]for non-porous materials, such as plastic and metal.
[01:42:00.000]Store pesticides in their original containers.
[01:42:02.820]Never store food, drinks, feed, medication,
[01:42:07.020]vet supplies, clothing or personal protective equipment
[01:42:11.250]at the pesticide storage site.
[01:42:13.680]Always have clean water for decontamination
[01:42:16.590]available at the storage site.
[01:42:20.010]Pesticide labels must be legible at all times.
[01:42:23.970]If a label becomes unreadable, take out a permanent marker
[01:42:27.630]and mark the container with the trade name,
[01:42:30.300]the EPA registration number,
[01:42:32.550]percentage of active ingredient,
[01:42:34.560]signal word, and use classification.
[01:42:38.010]With this amount of information,
[01:42:39.810]you'll know what's in the container,
[01:42:41.430]and how dangerous the pesticide is.
[01:42:43.590]Then you need to request a replacement label
[01:42:46.560]from the dealer or distributor.
[01:42:50.340]Regularly inspect your pesticide containers for leaks,
[01:42:53.910]spills, breaks, rust, and corrosion.
[01:42:57.870]If you find containers
[01:42:59.070]that are in less than optimal condition,
[01:43:01.320]put on the appropriate PPE, and then clean up the container,
[01:43:05.010]and spill according to label directions.
[01:43:08.130]Taking corrective action when the damage is first spotted
[01:43:11.610]can help prevent contamination
[01:43:13.410]and large-scale cleanup actions.
[01:43:16.860]Keep duplicate labels and SDS sheets,
[01:43:20.430]and SDS for every product in your pesticide storage facility
[01:43:24.480]should be available at the storage site.
[01:43:27.960]Whenever you're handling pesticide containers, wear PPE.
[01:43:32.490]Anything used in handling of pesticides,
[01:43:35.160]such as measuring utensils,
[01:43:36.960]should be labeled "For pesticide use only."
[01:43:41.610]Have a spill plan.
[01:43:43.470]It may be a simple procedure noted on a clipboard
[01:43:46.440]in the storage facility.
[01:43:48.000]Have a spill kit containing an absorbent material,
[01:43:50.610]such as kitty litter or vermiculite
[01:43:52.890]at the pesticide storage site.
[01:43:55.200]The spill kit should also include a shovel, broom,
[01:43:58.740]and heavy-duty plastic bags
[01:44:00.570]to aid in the cleanup and disposal of any pesticide spills.
[01:44:06.660]The pesticide storage facility should have
[01:44:09.090]the following items close at hand,
[01:44:11.490]plenty of clean water for decontamination,
[01:44:14.310]the PPE required, a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit,
[01:44:19.050]and all of the emergency telephone numbers.
[01:44:23.730]If you have leftover pesticides, you have hazardous waste.
[01:44:27.630]Unrinsed containers are considered full
[01:44:29.940]until triple rinsed.
[01:44:31.440]Remember, pesticides have a shelf life,
[01:44:33.900]and outdated products may not be effective.
[01:44:37.050]Make sure that your product
[01:44:38.550]is able to still be legally used.
[01:44:42.720]Don't forget to read the storage
[01:44:44.640]and disposal section of the label.
[01:44:47.040]You must follow these storage and disposal directions.
[01:44:52.200]Triple rinse or pressure rinse
[01:44:54.030]all empty pesticide containers immediately,
[01:44:57.210]and use the container rinse water in the spray batch
[01:44:59.790]you are making up.
[01:45:01.260]Containers that are not cleaned
[01:45:02.850]are considered hazardous waste,
[01:45:04.590]and must be handled and disposed of as hazardous materials.
[01:45:10.290]It just doesn't make sense to skip cleaning containers,
[01:45:13.620]store clean containers in a special section
[01:45:16.440]of the pesticide storage facility.
[01:45:19.710]Now onto pesticide site security.
[01:45:23.580]First, develop a security plan.
[01:45:26.400]A good security plan helps safeguard employees,
[01:45:29.490]the community, and the environment.
[01:45:31.980]It can also reduce your legal risks, and insurance costs.
[01:45:36.180]A security plan helps reduce vandalism and theft,
[01:45:39.720]and can improve your relationship with the community.
[01:45:45.000]Some few simple things that can help prevent problems
[01:45:47.460]at your pesticide storage facility.
[01:45:50.370]Keep storage areas locked and posted.
[01:45:53.730]Keep an update, and accurate inventory,
[01:45:56.910]and work with local emergency response units.
[01:46:00.450]Routinely review, update,
[01:46:02.640]and practice emergency sponsor procedures,
[01:46:05.580]and keep that emergency telephone list
[01:46:07.680]up-to-date and readable.
[01:46:11.400]In summary, spills and accidents can happen
[01:46:14.850]while transporting pesticides.
[01:46:16.860]Make sure your vehicle is in good working order,
[01:46:19.590]and that the drivers are trained
[01:46:21.060]on how to respond to a pesticide accident.
[01:46:24.360]Store pesticides in a cool, well-ventilated facility,
[01:46:27.930]lock and post warning signs
[01:46:29.910]on the pesticide storage facility.
[01:46:32.190]Heat and moisture can degrade products,
[01:46:34.680]and then you have hazardous waste to deal with.
[01:46:37.140]Also keep pesticides in their original containers
[01:46:40.380]with legible labels.
[01:46:43.200]Keep an up-to-date inventory of all chemicals
[01:46:46.020]in your pesticide storage facility.
[01:46:48.480]Always follow label instructions for proper disposal,
[01:46:52.260]develop and maintain security and emergency management plans
[01:46:56.280]for the storage facility.
[01:46:58.260]Train employees in safe pesticide storage
[01:47:00.990]and facility security,
[01:47:03.030]and work on local authorities in the event of any emergency.
[01:47:06.912](upbeat ambient music)
[01:47:11.850]Chapter nine covers pesticide emergency
[01:47:14.310]or incident response.
[01:47:16.350]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[01:47:20.010]discuss how pesticide releases from spills and fires
[01:47:23.280]can endanger humans and the environment,
[01:47:26.730]explain how to execute an emergency response plan,
[01:47:31.260]state how to dispose of contaminated materials
[01:47:34.020]resulting from a spill cleanup,
[01:47:36.840]discuss how to implement cleanup procedures
[01:47:39.120]to lessen the environmental impact from a spill,
[01:47:43.410]and list the items to include
[01:47:45.450]for emergency response equipment.
[01:47:47.522](upbeat ambient music)
[01:47:51.630]The ability to prepare for and respond to emergencies
[01:47:55.020]involving pesticides, such as spills or fires
[01:47:58.530]is an important part
[01:47:59.640]of being a licensed pesticide applicator.
[01:48:02.610]These incidents can endanger your health,
[01:48:04.590]and the health of those around you,
[01:48:06.510]as well as livestock, wildlife, and pets.
[01:48:10.200]They can also cause significant contamination
[01:48:12.540]of soil, water, and air.
[01:48:15.120]Preventing an emergency is always preferable
[01:48:17.910]to responding to one.
[01:48:19.920]The safety practices we have discussed
[01:48:21.690]in this training so far, especially pesticide transportation
[01:48:25.170]and storage practices should be used to prevent incidents.
[01:48:29.730]While we all hope to never have to deal with a spill,
[01:48:32.220]or other emergency, the fact is, you just might.
[01:48:36.540]And if that happens,
[01:48:37.860]you are the first line of defense.
[01:48:41.100]The key to successful emergency response is being prepared.
[01:48:44.850]Your facility or vehicle should have a detailed written
[01:48:47.760]emergency response plan in an accessible location.
[01:48:51.840]This plan includes step-by-step procedures
[01:48:54.510]for responding to different types of incidents.
[01:48:57.690]One procedure for fires, one for spills,
[01:49:00.750]one for floods, tornadoes, and so on.
[01:49:04.200]If your employer already has
[01:49:05.940]an emergency response plan in place, read it over,
[01:49:09.180]and familiarize yourself with it.
[01:49:11.460]If your employer doesn't already have a plan,
[01:49:14.070]offer to help make one.
[01:49:15.930]Here are some things to do to get a plan off the ground.
[01:49:19.410]Designate an emergency coordinator.
[01:49:22.020]This person will lead your team's response
[01:49:23.940]to pesticide incidents.
[01:49:26.550]Post a list of emergency contacts in multiple places,
[01:49:30.030]such as in offices, shops, and work vehicles.
[01:49:33.630]Some contacts to include on the list
[01:49:35.760]are the Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy,
[01:49:39.060]the Nebraska State Patrol,
[01:49:41.220]local medical facilities, and emergency services,
[01:49:44.850]the manufacturers of the pesticides you have on-site,
[01:49:48.510]hazardous waste contractors, and your company's lawyer.
[01:49:52.770]Keep emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers,
[01:49:55.770]in good working order,
[01:49:56.970]and maintain stocks of supplies,
[01:49:58.740]such as personal protective equipment.
[01:50:01.380]Keep on file a detailed, up-to-date inventory
[01:50:04.740]of chemicals stocked at your facility,
[01:50:06.990]and copies of all product labels and safety data sheets.
[01:50:11.310]Also prepare a fill-in form
[01:50:13.410]to record information about incidents,
[01:50:15.780]a facility map, and a wider area map.
[01:50:19.320]Lastly, train everyone at the facility annually
[01:50:22.560]on the procedures to follow in case of an emergency.
[01:50:26.250]With a detailed plan in place,
[01:50:28.110]you and your facility are well-positioned
[01:50:30.060]to tackle any emergency situation that may arise.
[01:50:33.840]Now let's focus in on one of the more common types
[01:50:36.450]of pesticide incidents you are likely to encounter, spills.
[01:50:41.010]A pesticide spill is any accidental release of pesticides.
[01:50:44.850]Spills can range from small minor incidents,
[01:50:47.460]such as a leaky container, to large major, incidents,
[01:50:50.970]such as a bulk transport overturning on a public highway.
[01:50:55.230]Regardless of their severity,
[01:50:56.970]all spills require a rapid response
[01:50:59.460]to mitigate their negative effects.
[01:51:01.980]While every situation is different,
[01:51:03.930]the basic strategy for managing
[01:51:05.700]a pesticide spill is consistent.
[01:51:08.340]Control the spill, contain the spill,
[01:51:10.830]and clean up the spill.
[01:51:12.960]Before you do any of those things though,
[01:51:15.120]put on the personal protective equipment,
[01:51:17.040]appropriate for the pesticide or pesticides
[01:51:19.620]that have spilled.
[01:51:21.420]Human safety comes before everything.
[01:51:24.150]And if a pesticide has spilled on a person,
[01:51:26.700]that person's wellbeing should be your top priority,
[01:51:29.940]after your own wellbeing, of course.
[01:51:32.430]Refer to the product label for first aid instructions.
[01:51:36.030]Once you have dawned your protective equipment,
[01:51:38.280]your first task is to control the spill.
[01:51:41.310]Basically, this means stopping more pesticide
[01:51:44.130]from being released.
[01:51:46.020]In the case of a small leaky container,
[01:51:48.150]this might mean placing the container in a larger container
[01:51:51.210]or tub to prevent the product from leaking onto the ground.
[01:51:55.350]Controlling a spill
[01:51:56.250]may be as simple as standing up a container
[01:51:58.560]that is tipped over.
[01:52:00.210]For larger containers, you may need to plug leaks
[01:52:03.330]or transfer the pesticide into a non-leaky container.
[01:52:07.710]Once no more pesticide is being released,
[01:52:10.290]you can turn your attention to containing
[01:52:12.240]the amount that was released.
[01:52:14.490]The size and location of a spill
[01:52:16.290]affects how you will contain it.
[01:52:18.690]When a pesticide is spilled on soil,
[01:52:21.240]prevent it from spreading
[01:52:22.440]by creating a soil burn with a shovel.
[01:52:25.230]When a spill occurs on a hard surface, such as concrete,
[01:52:28.740]sprinkle an absorbent material like cat litter on it.
[01:52:32.160]If the spill has made its way to a creek, pond,
[01:52:34.830]or other surface water,
[01:52:36.420]contact the Nebraska Department
[01:52:38.160]of Environment and Energy as soon as possible,
[01:52:40.830]so that they can work to minimize
[01:52:42.660]the spill's effects on these waters.
[01:52:45.690]Once you are sure you have contained the spill,
[01:52:48.210]call 911 to alert the local emergency responders
[01:52:51.510]of the situation.
[01:52:53.250]Have the spilled pesticide's label
[01:52:55.170]and safety data sheet ready for these responders.
[01:52:58.380]After the spill has been contained
[01:53:00.060]and the proper authorities have been notified,
[01:53:02.520]it's time to actually clean up the spill.
[01:53:05.310]Once again, the location of a spill
[01:53:07.290]determines how you will clean it up.
[01:53:09.570]On soil, you will likely have to remove
[01:53:11.940]and replace the top several inches of contaminated soil.
[01:53:15.597]The NDEE can tell you exactly what to do in these cases.
[01:53:20.430]On surfaces such as concrete,
[01:53:22.290]you'll have to sweep up the contaminated absorbent material
[01:53:25.410]you used to contain the spill, then clean the surface,
[01:53:29.160]according to the pesticide manufacturer's instructions.
[01:53:33.180]Place all contaminated materials
[01:53:35.130]into a drum for proper disposal.
[01:53:37.740]This drum should be part of your spill kit.
[01:53:41.070]Speaking of spill kits, what should go in one?
[01:53:44.580]Start by including a copy of your emergency contact list,
[01:53:47.760]so that you always have the right phone numbers with you.
[01:53:51.000]Include all the PPE you would need
[01:53:53.100]when mixing the product you are working with.
[01:53:56.520]Absorbent material is a key part of a spill kit.
[01:53:59.580]Cat litter and spill pillows are popular options.
[01:54:03.420]Include a shovel, broom,
[01:54:05.250]and dust pan to help with containing and cleaning a spill.
[01:54:08.970]Also include heavy-duty detergent
[01:54:11.100]for cleaning hard surfaces.
[01:54:13.530]Lastly, a spill kit should have
[01:54:15.480]a drum or heavy duty bags that you can use
[01:54:18.210]to collect contaminated material.
[01:54:20.458](upbeat ambient music)
[01:54:25.110]Chapter 10 covers planning pesticide applications.
[01:54:29.040]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[01:54:32.490]explain how to select appropriate pesticides,
[01:54:35.250]and if needed, additives,
[01:54:38.280]follow all label instructions and other legal restrictions
[01:54:41.490]pertaining to a pesticide application.
[01:54:45.000]Determine whether two or more pesticides may be tank-mixed.
[01:54:49.290]Follow the label for safe mixing and loading.
[01:54:53.220]Describe how to prevent pesticide contamination
[01:54:56.250]of water sources during mixing, loading, and cleaning.
[01:55:00.570]List what personal protective equipment to wear
[01:55:02.850]during mixing, loading, and cleaning,
[01:55:05.520]and explain how to open pesticide containers
[01:55:09.420]and transfer the content safely.
[01:55:12.210]Should also be able to measure pesticides accurately
[01:55:15.030]using proper utensils and devices,
[01:55:18.030]and discuss how to rinse and dispose
[01:55:20.400]of pesticide containers properly,
[01:55:23.430]and state some basic procedures
[01:55:25.320]that ensure the correct application of pesticides,
[01:55:29.070]describe how to clean and properly store
[01:55:31.920]application equipment after use,
[01:55:34.860]and explain the basics of professionalism
[01:55:37.830]for pesticide applicators.
[01:55:39.918](upbeat ambient music)
[01:55:44.670]So selection is an important part
[01:55:46.860]of applying the right product at the right time
[01:55:49.230]for the right situation.
[01:55:50.880]And one of the most important things
[01:55:52.320]about that is choosing a product that is labeled
[01:55:54.600]for the site you plan to apply it to.
[01:55:56.580]That is a legal requirement,
[01:55:58.020]and the product will list what the site is.
[01:56:01.800]So that is a very important part
[01:56:03.600]about picking the right product.
[01:56:05.610]Now, other things that you might want to consider is
[01:56:08.640]weather, the pest's biology,
[01:56:12.060]things like pre-harvest intervals
[01:56:13.860]or grazing restrictions are huge parts of the label
[01:56:16.890]that actually are very important to applying the product.
[01:56:20.520]You might also see that it requires certain equipment.
[01:56:23.370]If it says that it requires certain equipment,
[01:56:26.040]you do have to use that specific piece of equipment,
[01:56:29.520]and if it says you cannot use certain equipment,
[01:56:31.800]then you cannot use that piece of equipment,
[01:56:33.660]simply because the label says so.
[01:56:35.790]There also might be things like restricted entry intervals,
[01:56:38.310]which you have heard earlier when we talked about labels,
[01:56:41.250]and there might be equipment restrictions.
[01:56:44.040]There might also be some secondary notes,
[01:56:46.200]things like setback zones, buffers,
[01:56:48.690]or other environmental restrictions
[01:56:50.550]to using that specific product.
[01:56:54.210]So as we have mentioned multiple times,
[01:56:57.900]the label is the law,
[01:56:59.070]it's an important piece of what we're doing,
[01:57:00.990]and you do need to review the label often,
[01:57:04.380]you need to review it before you purchase it,
[01:57:06.090]before you handle it, before you apply it,
[01:57:07.920]and before you store and dispose of it.
[01:57:10.380]And even if you buy the same product,
[01:57:13.110]you still need to review that label,
[01:57:15.390]because it can change based on the product's formulation.
[01:57:19.230]That's an important part of it,
[01:57:20.340]simply because of the fact that over time,
[01:57:22.230]there might be different percentages
[01:57:23.700]of that active ingredient in the product,
[01:57:26.880]or it might require different rates of application.
[01:57:29.220]So very important to review
[01:57:31.020]every time you buy a new product.
[01:57:34.320]So tank-mixing is a common question that we get,
[01:57:37.830]and it is allowed,
[01:57:39.990]as long as there are no restrictions on the label
[01:57:42.540]saying it cannot be mixed.
[01:57:44.910]If it's listed as compatible,
[01:57:46.530]it must be mixed at the rate stated.
[01:57:49.230]If there is no information regarding tank-mixing,
[01:57:52.620]those products can be mixed,
[01:57:53.880]but we do encourage jar testing,
[01:57:55.410]just because of the fact that you might see some
[01:57:57.930]incompatibility, whether that's physical or chemical,
[01:58:00.780]and those are important parts to applying the product,
[01:58:03.300]because if you have some clotting or fizzing,
[01:58:07.050]it's going to change how that product is applied,
[01:58:09.240]and potentially change the effectiveness of the product.
[01:58:13.110]The other thing to think about when you are tank-mixing
[01:58:15.600]is that you need to consider the chemical
[01:58:17.910]with the highest signal word,
[01:58:19.860]because that becomes the signal word for the mixture.
[01:58:22.590]So you do have to follow the requirements
[01:58:24.450]for the most toxic chemical that you are mixing.
[01:58:28.020]So if one chemical requires gloves and the other does not,
[01:58:31.080]and that chemical that requires gloves is more toxic,
[01:58:33.900]you do need to wear gloves,
[01:58:35.190]even if that product is not listed as a higher risk product.
[01:58:40.980]And then you do have to follow both products' requirements
[01:58:43.470]in terms of setback zones, site, et cetera.
[01:58:49.830]So physical incompatibility,
[01:58:51.780]when two products do not effectively mix
[01:58:53.640]into a uniform substance, they can cause a lot of issues,
[01:58:57.210]it might cause lack of proper,
[01:58:58.920]or it might occur from lack of proper agitation,
[01:59:02.460]incorrect mixing order, not having the right emulsifiers,
[01:59:07.110]using liquid fertilizer can actually cause some problems,
[01:59:10.170]or using water with the wrong pH.
[01:59:12.210]And this is something that you might see stated on a label,
[01:59:14.910]so definitely check if there's a pH requirement
[01:59:17.160]for the product that you're mixing.
[01:59:20.460]Again, chemical compatibility is something
[01:59:22.320]I mentioned earlier,
[01:59:23.280]but it's when two or more products are mixed,
[01:59:25.737]and the activity is changed from the pesticide,
[01:59:28.920]it may not have a visible change,
[01:59:30.840]and that's why we do recommend test solutions.
[01:59:34.290]Some of the things to think about are additive,
[01:59:36.480]which is when two pesticides are as effective
[01:59:38.790]as they would be on their own,
[01:59:40.140]antagonism, which is when they are less effective,
[01:59:42.690]because they've been mixed,
[01:59:44.100]synergism, which is when they become more toxic,
[01:59:46.830]potentially causing risk to you,
[01:59:48.840]and then potentiation is something that I think about
[01:59:51.330]with adjuvants, because adjuvants might increase
[01:59:54.570]the effectiveness of the pesticide,
[01:59:56.460]and that may or may not be a desired effect,
[01:59:58.530]but that is something that they can do,
[01:59:59.790]because they don't have their own pesticidal activity
[02:00:02.370]on their own.
[02:00:04.350]So how to do a jar test?
[02:00:07.140]This is pretty straightforward
[02:00:08.250]and we have more information on the university website
[02:00:10.830]if you're running into questions,
[02:00:12.600]but you're going to want to mix the carrier
[02:00:14.310]and the products in the same proportion
[02:00:16.950]that you would apply it.
[02:00:18.270]So if you're doing 100-gallon-tank,
[02:00:19.890]and you wanna minimize that down to 100 milliliters
[02:00:22.740]just so that you can get it,
[02:00:23.940]we do have a spreadsheet on our website,
[02:00:27.150]so if you need some help figuring out the math behind that,
[02:00:30.930]we can absolutely, you can also call us,
[02:00:32.790]but the QR code listed here is something
[02:00:35.670]that you guys can scan and go to those sites,
[02:00:38.820]but we do encourage people to do that math correctly,
[02:00:41.310]and make sure that they're actually meeting
[02:00:43.140]the required proportions.
[02:00:45.450]Once you've mixed the proper proportions
[02:00:47.550]in the correct order using the WALES or DALES method,
[02:00:51.300]you're going to wanna shake the jar to incorporate,
[02:00:54.300]and then allow it to set for 10 minutes,
[02:00:55.980]because after 10 minutes, you might start to see
[02:00:58.980]some of the physical compatibility issues,
[02:01:00.750]or chemical incompatibility issues.
[02:01:06.630]So when it comes to actual safe mixing and loading,
[02:01:09.600]labels might require certain things
[02:01:11.700]for safe mixing and loading,
[02:01:12.840]and that requires you to read the label again.
[02:01:15.540]I know, I've told you to read it like 10 times,
[02:01:17.340]but it's a very important part of why and how we apply.
[02:01:20.940]Appropriate mixing and loading areas
[02:01:22.860]might be required on the label,
[02:01:25.380]but one of the important things for you to do
[02:01:26.910]regardless of the requirements on the label is
[02:01:28.830]to use a ventilated area,
[02:01:31.200]so hopefully there's a door,
[02:01:32.850]or something that you can open to make sure
[02:01:34.230]that you're not getting too many of the fumes,
[02:01:36.660]and then also to try and do it away
[02:01:38.280]from anything that might be sensitive,
[02:01:39.930]whether that's family members, or a specific site,
[02:01:43.350]or a specific organism
[02:01:44.580]that might be a little bit at risk if it comes into contact.
[02:01:48.930]The other thing to consider
[02:01:49.950]when you're mixing and loading is protecting water sources.
[02:01:53.250]That might mean a containment pad,
[02:01:54.840]or it might mean using certain equipment, like air gaps,
[02:01:58.560]check valves, or anti-siphon devices to make sure
[02:02:02.010]that you are not going to reenter
[02:02:04.530]the water source with chemicals.
[02:02:07.710]So safe mixing and loading also involves
[02:02:10.290]using the correct measuring devices.
[02:02:12.660]Products might come with a specific device,
[02:02:16.020]and that is an important part.
[02:02:17.550]If it comes with a specific device,
[02:02:19.080]even if it's the same product that you bought two years ago,
[02:02:22.290]you need to use the one that comes with that product,
[02:02:24.330]because it might have changed slightly,
[02:02:26.250]and that new measuring tool is important
[02:02:28.560]to making sure that you have the correct amount
[02:02:31.020]that you need for application.
[02:02:33.390]It's also slightly different depending on
[02:02:34.980]if it's a liquid or a dust or something like that,
[02:02:38.010]because of the fact that when you work with dry products,
[02:02:42.180]they need to be measured by weight,
[02:02:44.100]and based off the product's requirements
[02:02:45.900]and liquid might need a slightly different measuring tool,
[02:02:48.570]just because of the fact
[02:02:49.440]that it's not a weight-based product per se.
[02:02:52.800]Now the other thing to think about is storing these devices,
[02:02:57.420]if you get one with a product,
[02:02:58.980]and your storage area for your pesticides,
[02:03:02.280]and thinking about the fact that you are using a product
[02:03:04.590]that has residue present on it is very important,
[02:03:07.440]because the requirements of the label do still apply
[02:03:10.260]when you are mixing these products,
[02:03:11.730]and using these measurement devices,
[02:03:13.740]so it's very important that if it requires a label
[02:03:16.290]or if it requires a glove, then you need to wear gloves
[02:03:19.620]of that specific requirement.
[02:03:22.500]It's also important to use caution when you open containers,
[02:03:25.320]there may be pressure buildup,
[02:03:26.580]it might change slightly depending on the temperature,
[02:03:29.190]or what's going on inside the product,
[02:03:31.200]if it was shook,
[02:03:32.670]it might have a little bit of pressure built up.
[02:03:34.920]And then when you are done with a product,
[02:03:36.870]always close the container.
[02:03:39.360]This is even if you're planning to reopen the product
[02:03:42.210]10 minutes later, always close the container.
[02:03:44.550]There are fumes that might get let off,
[02:03:46.110]it might get dumped over, it's just a safety caution for you
[02:03:49.740]and for those around you,
[02:03:50.850]when you're using and mixing products.
[02:03:54.300]When it comes to water contamination, this is again,
[02:03:57.300]one of the most important concerns that we have
[02:03:59.820]is that you do need to ensure that your equipment is safe,
[02:04:04.140]and not, you know, have any cracks or breaks in the lines,
[02:04:08.010]and then you don't want your tools like your hose
[02:04:11.820]or your pipe to touch the pesticide solution,
[02:04:14.190]because if that happens, there's a chance of contamination
[02:04:17.760]outside of the actual movement of the product
[02:04:21.330]to whatever you're using.
[02:04:23.070]We call that back-siphonage,
[02:04:24.450]which is when we would potentially see water getting
[02:04:26.760]contaminated from product moving into a water source.
[02:04:30.720]The other thing is to have a check valve,
[02:04:32.850]an anti-siphoning device
[02:04:34.050]or backflow prevention, something to make sure
[02:04:36.000]that you are not cross-contaminating,
[02:04:38.310]or like I said, back flowing into your water source,
[02:04:41.100]because that can be a major concern,
[02:04:43.770]and groundwater is a lot of what Nebraska sees
[02:04:46.440]in terms of water, and so we do need to be very cautious
[02:04:49.890]and thoughtful about how we use those products,
[02:04:52.500]and make sure that they're not back flowing.
[02:04:56.370]So when you are mixing and loading or cleaning equipment,
[02:05:00.210]PPE is incredibly important,
[02:05:02.160]just because it says it on the label
[02:05:05.040]for application doesn't mean that it's not okay
[02:05:07.380]to use it any other time.
[02:05:09.420]When you are mixing and loading,
[02:05:10.470]there might be certain requirements for PPE,
[02:05:12.900]but you can also use more than those requirements
[02:05:15.270]if it makes you feel safer.
[02:05:16.980]You do have to use the label required PPE,
[02:05:19.440]and again, additional PPE might reduce exposure.
[02:05:23.580]And that is an important thing to think about is
[02:05:26.040]do you want to use more just to protect yourself,
[02:05:28.620]and you are allowed to, as long as the label does not say
[02:05:31.620]to not use a product, which is very rare.
[02:05:35.640]Most often, the required PPE is things like long pants,
[02:05:38.670]closed-toed shoes and socks, preferably we recommend
[02:05:42.090]that you do not use leather shoes,
[02:05:44.910]just because they can absorb chemicals,
[02:05:47.160]and that residue will last in the leather.
[02:05:50.280]Long sleeves is also an important secondary requirement
[02:05:53.040]that's often on a label,
[02:05:54.570]and then chemical-resistant gloves.
[02:05:56.640]Now the type of material the glove is made of
[02:05:58.860]might change based on the label,
[02:06:00.300]and that label requirement is based on typically,
[02:06:03.840]basically the inner ingredients,
[02:06:06.300]and how those are going to impact that chemical interacting
[02:06:10.350]with the glove that you're wearing.
[02:06:12.720]And then other PPE are things like respirators,
[02:06:15.180]you might need to use a respirator,
[02:06:17.010]or you might choose to use a respirator.
[02:06:18.630]Those are, if it requires a respirator,
[02:06:20.430]you do have to wear it, but you might choose to wear it
[02:06:22.260]just because it makes you feel safer,
[02:06:24.240]and because it will reduce risk of inhalation exposures.
[02:06:28.050]There might be also requirements of a face shield,
[02:06:30.240]which is something that sits over the front of your face.
[02:06:33.060]It might require protective eyewear, which would be glasses,
[02:06:36.090]little goggles or glasses,
[02:06:37.770]and then you might also see a requirement
[02:06:39.690]for a chemical-resistant apron, especially when mixing,
[02:06:42.450]and that's incredibly important,
[02:06:43.920]because that apron will sit over the majority of your body,
[02:06:47.460]and protect you from a physical exposure to your skin.
[02:06:51.570]So when you handle containers, it's really important
[02:06:54.300]to not tear the actual container, because that does increase
[02:06:58.140]the potential for risk of exposure.
[02:07:00.630]And when you tear them, you also create an environment,
[02:07:04.410]where you can't properly seal them
[02:07:05.850]after you've used the product.
[02:07:07.950]It's also important to clean your tools between containers.
[02:07:10.620]If you're using different products,
[02:07:12.450]you don't wanna have that potential
[02:07:14.070]for a chemical interaction,
[02:07:15.870]because you use the same container
[02:07:17.430]without cleaning it between products.
[02:07:20.130]Pour products away from your body.
[02:07:21.600]And the reason for this is if you're pouring it towards you,
[02:07:24.510]and you spill, it's gonna spill on you,
[02:07:26.430]whereas if you pour away from you,
[02:07:27.690]it's going to spill away from you,
[02:07:30.360]and it also reduces the level of fumes from the product
[02:07:33.450]that you're pouring, and so if it's pouring towards you,
[02:07:36.540]that chemical fume is going to potentially come up
[02:07:38.850]and you're going to inhale it.
[02:07:41.070]The other thing to think about
[02:07:42.030]is keeping product below your eye level,
[02:07:43.860]do not pour at eye level,
[02:07:45.240]just because of the fact that if it spills or splashes,
[02:07:47.670]you're going to get some in your eye potentially.
[02:07:49.860]And then of course, like I said, rinse your measuring device
[02:07:53.280]and add that rinse to your spray tank,
[02:07:56.430]just so that you're not wasting product,
[02:07:58.590]but also so that you're not
[02:07:59.580]dumping chemicals down the drain.
[02:08:02.220]When you measure, again, I mentioned this briefly earlier,
[02:08:05.100]but dry products should be weighed,
[02:08:07.650]liquid should use a liquid measuring device,
[02:08:09.930]and use the product-specific measuring device,
[02:08:12.180]if it's given.
[02:08:13.620]Don't use product devices for any container
[02:08:16.440]other than the one that it came with,
[02:08:17.970]even if it's the same product you bought five years ago.
[02:08:21.360]And then don't use metal.
[02:08:23.400]Metal can have chemical interactions with pesticides,
[02:08:26.040]so definitely something to be very cautious of.
[02:08:28.560]And then the product that we often recommend is glass.
[02:08:31.620]Glass is probably the safest to mix or to measure in,
[02:08:35.010]because there are very few interactions that might occur.
[02:08:38.760]When you are done with a product,
[02:08:40.170]so you've finished entirely using the container,
[02:08:42.840]and now you have an empty container.
[02:08:44.580]The things that you can do are,
[02:08:45.780]there's two ways that we recommend this,
[02:08:47.100]there's pressure rinsing a pesticide container,
[02:08:49.170]and that means puncturing a hole, pressure rinsing it,
[02:08:51.750]and putting it into the spray tank,
[02:08:53.280]or disposing of the rinsate appropriately,
[02:08:56.340]and then you can recycle the product.
[02:08:57.900]We actually do have a recycling program here in Nebraska,
[02:09:00.360]so you don't have to be concerned
[02:09:02.940]about what to do with the product.
[02:09:04.260]The important thing, though, is when you have a container,
[02:09:06.600]you should follow the label requirements.
[02:09:09.930]If it says that it cannot be mixed, or cannot be rinsed,
[02:09:13.740]any sort of thing like that,
[02:09:15.330]when it comes to the storage and disposal section,
[02:09:17.250]you do need to follow those requirements.
[02:09:20.520]The second way that we can encourage people
[02:09:22.170]to wash things is if you can't pressure rinse,
[02:09:24.510]is to triple rinse.
[02:09:25.530]This means rinsing the product container out three times,
[02:09:29.010]adding it into your spray tank, or disposing appropriately,
[02:09:32.460]and then cutting a hole in the product,
[02:09:34.020]so that you do not use that container again
[02:09:36.210]for anything else,
[02:09:37.043]and then of course, recycling if appropriate.
[02:09:40.290]Pesticide container disposal.
[02:09:42.240]Now this is very much label-based,
[02:09:44.340]so it could be burning, if it says on the label
[02:09:47.430]that it can be burned.
[02:09:48.720]We still encourage you to rinse the product,
[02:09:50.340]just because there are fumes that may come off
[02:09:52.860]of the product, or recycling,
[02:09:55.140]and recycling, again, we encourage you to rinse it off,
[02:09:57.990]it's a requirement of the recycling program,
[02:10:00.570]and then drop it off at one of the sites listed below,
[02:10:05.370]and make sure that, again, you rinse these either way,
[02:10:07.890]because those fumes can be very toxic.
[02:10:11.250]Properly applying the product.
[02:10:13.230]One of the things that we do have to think about
[02:10:14.970]is the equipment.
[02:10:15.803]If you have issues with your equipment,
[02:10:17.310]whether that's hose wear and proper seals,
[02:10:19.290]leaks or clogs, those can all impact
[02:10:21.660]if you're applying correctly.
[02:10:23.220]You do have to follow the label requirements,
[02:10:25.050]and you do have to check the site
[02:10:26.250]for non-target organisms in that area.
[02:10:29.700]And one of the best things that you can do
[02:10:31.560]as you apply the product is to apply it evenly,
[02:10:34.620]and ensure that the pesticide is uniform across that field.
[02:10:38.850]The other thing to do when you're finished with applying
[02:10:41.670]is to clean your equipment,
[02:10:42.960]and check your label for post-application requirements.
[02:10:46.410]That could be things like restricted entry intervals,
[02:10:48.630]or grazing restrictions, or pre-harvest intervals.
[02:10:51.900]So definitely, again, like I've said,
[02:10:54.150]check the label multiple times.
[02:10:57.300]And then cleaning your equipment.
[02:10:59.280]When you are cleaning the equipment,
[02:11:00.570]you have to remember that yes, it was a product
[02:11:03.060]that you've already applied,
[02:11:04.170]but you still need to follow the PPE
[02:11:05.940]for that specific label, whether that's eye protection,
[02:11:09.240]or respirators, things like that.
[02:11:11.430]For rinsates, which would be when you rinse out
[02:11:14.040]your inside container, your tank,
[02:11:15.750]you do need to apply it to a site,
[02:11:17.880]and it has to be less than the maximum application rate
[02:11:20.640]for that specific site, and you have to dispose of it,
[02:11:23.550]based on the label if you choose not to apply it.
[02:11:26.971]And to think about the things like residues on the equipment
[02:11:29.640]that is an important thing to think about
[02:11:31.110]as you're working with the equipment
[02:11:32.400]to make sure that you're not contacting that equipment
[02:11:36.300]before it's been rinsed,
[02:11:37.320]and potentially exposing yourself to chemicals.
[02:11:40.410]There are also commercial cleaning products on the market,
[02:11:42.990]so definitely something to look into,
[02:11:44.550]if you're choosing to use something to clean the equipment,
[02:11:48.090]and then, again, always follow
[02:11:49.980]those post-application requirements.
[02:11:53.140]The only thing that I have left to say is
[02:11:56.010]thinking about professionalism.
[02:11:57.450]This is not something that we can really miss
[02:12:01.440]when we're doing these applications.
[02:12:02.730]We have to be honest and kind,
[02:12:04.410]because there's a lot of conversations in the field
[02:12:07.380]about pesticide application,
[02:12:09.810]and we need to explain why our job is so important,
[02:12:12.570]and educate others about why we do what we do
[02:12:14.910]in a very professional and kind manner.
[02:12:17.220]And we wanna reduce the risk through safe applications,
[02:12:19.860]and communications with the public.
[02:12:22.950]We obviously need to focus on proper pest management plans,
[02:12:26.820]and we have to be proactive about communicating with others
[02:12:29.610]and communicating about the situation
[02:12:31.440]that we're currently applying for,
[02:12:33.390]or what's happening in the environment,
[02:12:36.000]and why we have to do this job.
[02:12:37.307](upbeat ambient music)
[02:12:42.660]One more chapter to go.
[02:12:44.610]Chapter 11 covers pesticide application procedures.
[02:12:48.210]After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to
[02:12:51.630]name several different application procedures
[02:12:54.060]and types of equipment, discuss appropriate safety systems,
[02:12:59.850]identify the factors that affect equipment calibration,
[02:13:04.080]explain the importance of calibrating application equipment,
[02:13:09.450]show how to calculate the size of the application area,
[02:13:14.340]indicate how to determine the pesticide application rate,
[02:13:18.990]demonstrate how to determine
[02:13:20.730]the amount of pesticide concentrate and diluent to use,
[02:13:25.170]and explain how to choose appropriate
[02:13:27.510]drift reduction practices.
[02:13:29.403](upbeat ambient music)
[02:13:34.470]So another important part
[02:13:35.760]is talking about pesticide application procedures,
[02:13:39.000]and that involves thinking about methods of application.
[02:13:42.570]There might be requirements for a specific site,
[02:13:44.760]and if that site is not listed on the pesticide label,
[02:13:47.460]then you cannot use it for that site.
[02:13:49.560]Other things to think about are the biology of the pest,
[02:13:53.280]and what kind of pesticides you plan to use
[02:13:55.470]if you're using more than one,
[02:13:56.640]or if you're planning to do multiple applications
[02:13:58.590]of different products.
[02:14:00.510]Some pests might require more than one application,
[02:14:04.050]and it might require using different methods,
[02:14:06.240]based on their biology.
[02:14:08.130]And, of course, the label might restrict,
[02:14:10.200]or require certain application methods.
[02:14:13.980]Some of the ways that a product can be applied
[02:14:16.020]is basal, broadcast, which can be boat, air, or ground,
[02:14:20.610]band application, cracking crevice,
[02:14:22.650]which would be like obviously in a crack or a crevice,
[02:14:25.530]directed spray applications,
[02:14:27.270]or rope wick or wiper treatments.
[02:14:30.150]Some others might be soil application,
[02:14:32.550]or soil incorporation, soil injection,
[02:14:36.030]space treatment, spot treatment, or tree injections.
[02:14:39.150]So there's a lot of different ways
[02:14:40.560]that a product can be applied.
[02:14:44.250]When it comes to safety systems, this is one of the things
[02:14:46.680]that it may not necessarily have a requirement on the label,
[02:14:49.980]or with that specific product, but it has a purpose,
[02:14:53.310]and that can be to reduce contact for you
[02:14:55.470]with pesticides and additives,
[02:14:57.300]when you mix and load the product,
[02:14:58.800]and honestly make it safer for you,
[02:15:01.260]it might decrease the chance of spills,
[02:15:04.080]it might make a more precise pesticide measurement,
[02:15:07.080]and of course, always we want to increase human safety
[02:15:10.380]and environmental safety,
[02:15:11.550]and make sure that we're not putting people at risk
[02:15:13.530]outside of the applicators, as well.
[02:15:16.320]So definitely those safety systems have a huge place
[02:15:19.440]in our applications.
[02:15:22.140]When we work with systems called closed systems
[02:15:24.920]or closed mixing and loading systems,
[02:15:27.570]there's a couple different ones,
[02:15:28.950]there's a mechanical closed system,
[02:15:31.020]and there's a water-soluble closed system.
[02:15:33.450]Some pesticides might require this,
[02:15:35.670]Paraquat is an example of one
[02:15:37.050]that has to be used in a closed system while being applied,
[02:15:40.890]and that is honestly going to reduce
[02:15:43.110]a lot of the exposure potential for you,
[02:15:45.390]and that is why it's an important and safe system to use.
[02:15:50.040]When it comes to mechanical closed systems,
[02:15:52.650]equipment that is interconnected
[02:15:54.720]basically prevents you becoming exposed
[02:15:57.330]or at-risk of exposure.
[02:15:59.250]It can remove the pesticide from the original container,
[02:16:02.400]using either a suction system or gravity system,
[02:16:05.400]and then it can be used with containers
[02:16:07.230]as small as two and a half gallons.
[02:16:09.120]So it's definitely one that has a lot of options,
[02:16:11.580]and a lot of intermixed abilities
[02:16:13.980]to be able to apply products,
[02:16:15.720]and it can even be used with very large containers.
[02:16:18.090]Many bulk containers up to 600 gallons can be used
[02:16:20.730]with a closed system transfer,
[02:16:22.620]and a lot of times those containers are also reusable,
[02:16:24.960]so we do reduce some of that pollution of products
[02:16:29.730]if we don't recycle them, like containers.
[02:16:32.730]When it comes to water-soluble packaging,
[02:16:34.530]this is a slightly different system,
[02:16:36.060]basically it's a contained product inside of a package,
[02:16:41.490]and that package or bag is going to be water-soluble.
[02:16:44.790]So when you drop it into your tank, it's going to dissolve,
[02:16:47.580]and then mix that product into it.
[02:16:49.890]It's very, very simple to use,
[02:16:52.410]and it's calculated for an exact application.
[02:16:55.230]So it does reduce some of the math requirements
[02:16:57.690]with applying a product that you would have to do
[02:17:00.330]with something where you'd have to measure.
[02:17:03.120]Another potential option is something called enclosed cabs.
[02:17:06.570]Enclosed cabs are supplemental PPE,
[02:17:08.760]and they do not replace traditional PPE.
[02:17:11.160]You still have to use the products,
[02:17:13.017]the PPE requirements of that specific product.
[02:17:16.530]It does protect you though when you are completely closed in
[02:17:19.380]reducing a lot of the potential for exposure,
[02:17:21.510]whether that's inhalation or, you know, skin exposure.
[02:17:26.400]It does not reduce the residues on the outside though.
[02:17:29.100]So again, when we think back to what we said about PPE
[02:17:32.160]and wearing those when we're cleaning equipment,
[02:17:34.380]it is still going to have residue on the outside
[02:17:36.313]of the equipment, and you still need to be conscientious
[02:17:39.330]of that as you are cleaning,
[02:17:40.740]or opening, closing, working with anything
[02:17:43.170]that's been on the outside.
[02:17:45.480]Another requirement might be something called
[02:17:47.280]a pesticide containment pad.
[02:17:50.040]Typically they're a concave, maybe cement,
[02:17:53.190]or impermeable material, and they catch spills and leaks,
[02:17:57.060]and prevent them from running off into areas
[02:17:59.550]like groundwater or surface water.
[02:18:02.640]They do reduce that chemical
[02:18:05.040]from also entering the environment,
[02:18:06.570]whether that's like residue on the ground,
[02:18:08.490]or residue on other things that are not on the pad.
[02:18:12.090]There are specific requirements,
[02:18:13.500]Nebraska-specific requirements include a bulk
[02:18:15.870]pesticide storage for greater than 500 gallons of a --
[02:18:20.070]And this also requires a secondary containment,
[02:18:23.460]or containers larger than 30 gallons,
[02:18:25.770]or mixtures more than 100 gallons.
[02:18:28.200]This is something that if you have questions about,
[02:18:29.760]there's actually a NAB guide out available
[02:18:31.680]on the pested.unl.edu website,
[02:18:34.770]so definitely something to look into to make sure
[02:18:36.810]that you're meeting the requirements,
[02:18:39.180]and doing what's safest for you, but also legally required.
[02:18:43.740]When it comes to equipment for application,
[02:18:45.420]there's a lot of options.
[02:18:47.220]One is a hydraulic sprayer,
[02:18:48.570]this is going to be the most common that we see,
[02:18:50.610]this is things that use a liquid carrier,
[02:18:53.820]so fertilizer or water,
[02:18:55.290]and it can be large sprayers like tractors with booms,
[02:18:58.200]but also backpack sprayers, ATV pulled sprayers,
[02:19:01.140]handheld sprayers, and it's the most common application
[02:19:04.320]used in the US.
[02:19:07.590]You might also see something called an air blast sprayer.
[02:19:09.810]Now this is typically a sprayer
[02:19:11.790]that's used for very tall areas,
[02:19:14.430]things like nurseries for trees, things like that,
[02:19:18.120]where you have to get up into the foliage of the plant
[02:19:21.150]that you're applying to, and it uses air as the carrier,
[02:19:24.690]essentially creating a fine mist
[02:19:26.250]that blasts out onto the top of the trees.
[02:19:30.000]Other sprayer things to think about,
[02:19:31.470]when you have a sprayer, you do have a tank usually,
[02:19:33.870]it's made with a non-corrosive material,
[02:19:36.330]and you do need to be very monitorive
[02:19:38.940]of the seals, the hoses,
[02:19:42.750]anything that's going to impact whether or not you have
[02:19:45.390]a break in that container.
[02:19:47.490]Another thing that's going to be
[02:19:48.570]a part of your sprayer is the pump.
[02:19:50.160]The pump is essentially what creates the pressure
[02:19:52.860]and adjusts for volume,
[02:19:54.660]and blasts that out of your actual nozzle.
[02:19:58.140]There are several different type of pumps, pistons,
[02:20:00.900]diaphragms, centrifugal and positive displacement.
[02:20:04.950]And then, finally, you're going to have nozzles.
[02:20:06.630]And nozzles are a really important part
[02:20:09.180]of the application process,
[02:20:10.230]because they impact how that spray pattern comes out,
[02:20:13.920]they impact the pressure that you're putting out,
[02:20:16.260]they impact a lot of different things,
[02:20:17.850]they have different orifice sizes,
[02:20:19.890]so the hole in the very tip of the nozzle
[02:20:21.600]is what impacts some of that,
[02:20:24.150]affecting basically droplet size,
[02:20:26.010]so as you're choosing your nozzles, it's really important
[02:20:29.370]to think about what exactly you want to do,
[02:20:31.740]how much you want to apply, what pressure you want to apply,
[02:20:34.470]and what droplet size you want to see coming out
[02:20:37.070]of your actual spray equipment.
[02:20:40.830]So there are also granular applications,
[02:20:43.560]and this would be something where you put a powder, a dust,
[02:20:47.880]even things like a granule, larger pieces,
[02:20:51.960]pellets might be in this, as well,
[02:20:53.460]but essentially it's a tool that you push or pull,
[02:20:57.600]and it drops based on either a spinning disc, or gravity,
[02:21:02.580]and the speed that you're walking at, and the opening size,
[02:21:05.790]and also the product specifics, like the properties,
[02:21:09.180]the size, shape, and density, all impact how this applies.
[02:21:13.590]So it's a very good tool for things like ground application,
[02:21:18.450]but definitely you have to consider some of these specifics.
[02:21:22.740]There's a few other types of application equipment,
[02:21:24.930]there are things like foggers, dusters, chemigation,
[02:21:28.920]rubs, and dipping vats,
[02:21:30.270]and all of these are important, they're less common,
[02:21:33.390]but they're definitely an important part
[02:21:35.100]of proper application,
[02:21:36.090]and choosing the right product for what you're doing.
[02:21:39.090]So calibration is one of the most important parts
[02:21:42.780]of a proper application,
[02:21:44.280]and as much as I hate math,
[02:21:45.840]I do think that it's an important topic,
[02:21:48.030]and one that isn't always fun,
[02:21:49.980]but definitely impacts our safety,
[02:21:52.530]but also the safety of the environment,
[02:21:54.330]and also the legal requirements.
[02:21:56.430]So one thing to consider
[02:21:57.480]is that overapplication is illegal,
[02:22:00.060]so you should not ever apply
[02:22:01.560]above the maximum application rate listed on the label,
[02:22:05.430]and then also underapplication,
[02:22:07.410]underapplication is not illegal,
[02:22:08.760]but it might result in poor pest management,
[02:22:11.400]more money spent,
[02:22:12.540]it might also result in potential resistance.
[02:22:15.450]When you don't apply enough,
[02:22:16.590]and you don't kill enough of the pest,
[02:22:18.570]or manage enough of the pest, you end up with leftover pest,
[02:22:22.350]and you have to go back in, and use more,
[02:22:24.840]or they might develop some resistance to that product.
[02:22:28.800]Other things to think about is adjusting the rate
[02:22:31.380]to meet specific site or pest requirements,
[02:22:34.020]simply because you might have a different rate
[02:22:36.960]for one pest versus another,
[02:22:38.490]and you do have to consider that,
[02:22:39.900]because it might be listed in the label to use this amount
[02:22:42.030]for this pest, and this amount for another.
[02:22:44.580]And so it's definitely an important thing
[02:22:46.500]to think about and decide on.
[02:22:48.480]And then you're also wanting to ensure
[02:22:50.130]you aren't going to harm the environment or yourself,
[02:22:52.530]because you're a huge part of this, right?
[02:22:54.330]We can't apply pesticides without you,
[02:22:56.340]and so you don't wanna put yourself at risk
[02:22:58.710]by using the improper amount of chemical.
[02:23:03.390]So what do I mean by calibration?
[02:23:05.970]It's the volume applied to a specified area,
[02:23:09.090]and it can be X for larger areas or for smaller areas.
[02:23:13.500]And what this tells us is how much is being put out
[02:23:16.350]for designated amount of space.
[02:23:18.570]Of course, allowing for adjustment to equipment
[02:23:21.180]based on what you're using, whether that's a backpack,
[02:23:23.310]or a boom, or anything like that.
[02:23:26.310]So say, we have 13 ounces applied per 1,000 square feet,
[02:23:30.870]26 ounces applied per 2,000 square feet,
[02:23:34.530]which means that if we were doing a smaller amount,
[02:23:36.990]we'd have six and a half ounces applied for 500 square feet.
[02:23:40.470]So you do have to think about like
[02:23:41.970]what the area that you're planning to apply is,
[02:23:44.250]and how much you need to actually apply based on that space.
[02:23:47.850]Some other things to think about
[02:23:49.020]is how to do the actual calculation of the area.
[02:23:52.110]It's relatively straightforward for a square or rectangle,
[02:23:54.330]it's length versus width,
[02:23:56.490]but something like a triangle is actually height times base
[02:24:00.090]divided by two.
[02:24:02.160]So it's very similar to what a square would be,
[02:24:05.250]but you do have to divide it since it's not a full square.
[02:24:08.100]And then the circle,
[02:24:09.990]there's a couple different ways to think of it,
[02:24:11.460]you can either think of it as a radius or a diameter,
[02:24:15.210]but you do have to do 3.14, which is Pi,
[02:24:18.570]and times that by the radius squared.
[02:24:21.630]So definitely some different ways to approach it,
[02:24:23.940]depending on the area that you're actually
[02:24:25.440]trying to apply to.
[02:24:28.320]Now, say you wanna do your application,
[02:24:30.900]you have to think about the amount of dilutant needed.
[02:24:34.380]Calibrated delivery rate of the sprayer
[02:24:36.120]is used to determine the amount of pesticide
[02:24:38.640]concentrate you need,
[02:24:39.630]and the amount of total spray mix needed.
[02:24:42.030]Again, always, I've said this like 10 times,
[02:24:44.910]you do need to read the label.
[02:24:46.080]That label is going to give you those specific requirements
[02:24:48.750]for max application rate,
[02:24:50.490]or anything like that that it requires.
[02:24:52.980]And then you do need to determine the amount
[02:24:55.050]of units you're using, whether that's feet, acres, gallons,
[02:24:57.750]pints, ounces, pounds,
[02:25:00.930]you know, anything when it says on the label
[02:25:03.120]that you need to use a certain measurement unit.
[02:25:08.970]So when you're calculating the rate,
[02:25:10.380]so let's say you're applying to an area
[02:25:13.920]that's 50 foot by 200 foot,
[02:25:15.720]and the project you're using states
[02:25:17.310]that three ounces of that product should be used
[02:25:19.380]for 1,000 square feet.
[02:25:21.060]The question now is how many ounces do you need to apply
[02:25:24.120]with a label application rate?
[02:25:25.830]The area is 50 foot by 200 foot,
[02:25:28.020]so we know it's 10,000 square feet, right?
[02:25:31.770]And we know that 10,000 square feet divided
[02:25:35.520]by 1,000 square feet is 10 units,
[02:25:39.420]which means that for that specific product,
[02:25:42.960]we have to apply three ounces per unit,
[02:25:45.180]so we multiply that by 10 units,
[02:25:46.980]getting 30 ounces needed for that specific product.
[02:25:51.990]So, you have a sprayer calibrated
[02:25:54.270]to deliver 20 gallon per acre,
[02:25:56.460]and the sprayer has 300-gallon-tank.
[02:25:59.250]The label states to apply two quarts per acre.
[02:26:01.860]How many gallons of product do you need
[02:26:04.020]to fill the entire tank?
[02:26:06.900]So it's a 300-gallon-tank,
[02:26:08.670]and we're applying it 20 gallons per acre,
[02:26:10.920]which equals 15 acres covered.
[02:26:14.130]15 acres times two quarts per acre is 30 quarts.
[02:26:19.320]Equaling if you do the math to turn it into gallons,
[02:26:23.160]7.5 gallons, four quarts per gallon for reference,
[02:26:27.900]if you are not able to,
[02:26:29.880]or if you don't know the actual rate that it goes into,
[02:26:33.210]but 7.5 gallons that you're going to have to apply.
[02:26:37.140]So that being said, now that I've burned
[02:26:40.260]everyone's brain with math, we do have on our website
[02:26:44.670]a math section specific to using math
[02:26:49.650]for pesticide application.
[02:26:51.660]We have a lot of tools to assist
[02:26:53.070]in calculating the correct numbers,
[02:26:54.630]there's spreadsheets, there's forms, there's Word documents,
[02:26:59.010]anything you could possibly think of,
[02:27:00.750]and if you ever have suggestions for more math
[02:27:02.760]that you could use some help with, we're always happy
[02:27:04.890]to create more materials and resources for you.
[02:27:07.350]And so check that section at the bottom of our website,
[02:27:10.920]and go in and see if you can get some help,
[02:27:13.440]and if you can't, of course we do have a phone number,
[02:27:15.660]and we do have an email that you can contact us through.
[02:27:19.470]So now that we've done a little bit about math,
[02:27:21.750]I'm gonna move into something a little bit less stressful,
[02:27:24.180]or maybe more, I don't know, drift minimization.
[02:27:27.870]So one of the biggest concerns we have is drift,
[02:27:31.860]which is the movement of chemicals off the site
[02:27:34.350]that you specifically applied to.
[02:27:37.620]Again, read the label,
[02:27:39.210]but things to think about are things like volatility,
[02:27:41.430]equipment restrictions, droplet size restrictions,
[02:27:44.940]and new technology, buffers, wind direction and speed,
[02:27:48.780]and temperature inversions.
[02:27:50.760]So there's a lot of tools that we have out there
[02:27:53.700]that talk about these concerns,
[02:27:55.680]and how we can best minimize that risk of drift.
[02:28:00.300]Some other things are variables that affect drift.
[02:28:03.570]Again, that equipment, if you're using the wrong type
[02:28:06.330]of nozzle or you have the wrong size or pressure,
[02:28:09.960]or your sprayer speed is unstable,
[02:28:11.640]you might end up with potential for drift,
[02:28:14.280]and then distance from the sprayer to the target site.
[02:28:16.560]If you're too far away from the target site,
[02:28:18.390]you might end up with drift.
[02:28:20.700]There are also adjuvants that you can put into
[02:28:23.700]your pesticide mix to basically reduce the drift potential,
[02:28:28.890]and then of course, always checking the weather,
[02:28:30.810]just because increased speed in wind
[02:28:32.700]can increase concern for drift.
[02:28:36.750]Well, so a lot of decisions, right?
[02:28:38.760]We have a lot to think about
[02:28:39.750]when we're doing these applications,
[02:28:41.520]but there are a lot of concerns with cost.
[02:28:44.220]We don't wanna increase our risk
[02:28:45.960]or increase the cost that we're spending,
[02:28:47.580]so things like, again, choosing the target site and pest,
[02:28:51.150]choosing pesticide choices and formulations,
[02:28:54.390]PPE, enclosed systems,
[02:28:55.950]are they maybe more expensive upfront,
[02:28:58.080]but protect you in the long run?
[02:28:59.790]Yes, and so those are things to consider.
[02:29:02.880]Selecting the right equipment, and setup, and calibrating.
[02:29:06.480]If we don't calibrate,
[02:29:07.680]just because we think we're applying the right amount
[02:29:09.480]doesn't mean that we actually are.
[02:29:11.850]Environment where the application is to take place.
[02:29:14.340]That's an important factor.
[02:29:15.480]Are we putting potential
[02:29:17.400]at risk environments in the mix?
[02:29:21.270]Are we drifting onto these environments
[02:29:23.310]that need a little bit more management practice
[02:29:27.300]to make sure that we don't drift on them?
[02:29:30.300]All right, and then finally, again,
[02:29:32.340]taking the time to calibrate.
[02:29:34.320]Every sprayer needs to be calibrated,
[02:29:36.510]and you need to make sure
[02:29:37.350]that you're applying the correct amount.
[02:29:38.880]Again, it's legal if you overapply,
[02:29:40.890]and it's concerning if you underapply.
[02:29:43.710]And then be a responsible pesticide applicator.
[02:29:47.580]You don't wanna make the wrong decision
[02:29:49.680]just because you're in a rush,
[02:29:50.880]or you didn't think through kind of what the situation was,
[02:29:54.000]and make the right decisions.
[02:29:56.130]And that is what it takes to be a good applicator.
[02:29:59.733](upbeat ambient music)
[02:30:04.500]This concludes our review of general standards.
[02:30:07.440]Before we break for lunch, I'd like to walk you through
[02:30:10.170]some important information about your certification
[02:30:12.900]and licensing process.
[02:30:15.450]As I mentioned at the beginning of this video,
[02:30:17.820]getting a pesticide applicator license
[02:30:19.860]requires you to pass at least two exams,
[02:30:23.130]one based on the general standards we just reviewed,
[02:30:26.220]and one based on a specific pest control category.
[02:30:29.940]Passing these exams means you certify to get a license,
[02:30:34.680]but the process doesn't end there.
[02:30:36.990]Before taking your exams today,
[02:30:39.300]you will fill out a bubble form, which acts as your request
[02:30:42.870]to the Department of Agriculture for a license.
[02:30:46.590]The Department will grade your exams,
[02:30:48.420]and notify you of your results by mail
[02:30:51.240]at the address you list on your bubble form.
[02:30:54.540]Please allow one to three weeks for your material
[02:30:57.090]to be processed.
[02:30:59.100]If you pass the necessary exams,
[02:31:01.260]commercial applicators will receive a postcard
[02:31:03.810]from the Department, requesting payment of the license fee.
[02:31:08.040]This fee is separate from the training fee you paid
[02:31:10.620]to attend today's program.
[02:31:13.050]The fee for a commercial applicator license is $90.
[02:31:17.310]Once the license fee is paid,
[02:31:19.380]either online or by mail, the license is issued.
[02:31:23.820]There is no license fee for a non-commercial license,
[02:31:27.270]and this type of license is issued after your passing exams
[02:31:31.290]and bubble form are processed by NDA.
[02:31:35.310]Remember that you are not qualified
[02:31:36.960]to handle restricted use pesticides
[02:31:38.910]until you receive your license in the mail.
[02:31:42.390]All licenses are good for three years.
[02:31:45.060]If you have a non-commercial license,
[02:31:47.460]you can convert it to a commercial license at any time
[02:31:50.490]during the three-year-period
[02:31:52.320]by paying the $90 commercial license fee.
[02:31:55.920]So what's the difference
[02:31:57.330]between a commercial and a non-commercial applicator?
[02:32:01.110]Commercial applicators apply pesticides
[02:32:03.120]on a for-hire basis.
[02:32:05.310]They may work for lawn care companies,
[02:32:07.440]structural pest control companies, co-ops,
[02:32:10.650]or similar companies that make applications
[02:32:13.470]to the property of clients or customers.
[02:32:16.590]Non-commercial applicators only apply pesticides
[02:32:19.560]to property owned or controlled
[02:32:21.810]by their employer, or for government agencies.
[02:32:26.430]Examples of non-commercial applicators include
[02:32:28.800]Department of Roads employees who treat rights of way,
[02:32:32.310]Health Department employees who fog for mosquitoes,
[02:32:35.670]or school groundskeepers.
[02:32:37.680]If you are unsure of which type of license you need,
[02:32:40.530]you can ask your extension educator
[02:32:42.480]or Department of Agriculture inspector,
[02:32:45.210]or you can call the Pesticide Education Office
[02:32:47.820]at (402) 472-1632.
[02:32:53.430]You'll receive notification
[02:32:54.930]from both the Pesticide Education Office
[02:32:57.360]and the Department of Agriculture
[02:32:59.100]when your license is approaching its expiration date.
[02:33:02.550]You have several options to renew your license at that time.
[02:33:06.210]You can attend a recertification training session
[02:33:09.300]hosted by an extension educator,
[02:33:12.300]attend a different training program approved
[02:33:15.120]by NDA for recertification credit,
[02:33:18.270]complete the online certification program
[02:33:21.480]managed by the Pesticide Education Office,
[02:33:25.020]or you can retake your exams.
[02:33:28.980]Thank you for your attention this morning.
[02:33:31.650]After lunch, please reconvene at the time and place
[02:33:34.350]specified by your extension educator
[02:33:36.570]for the afternoon sessions.
[02:33:38.490]Good luck on your exams, and stay safe out there.
[02:33:41.293](upbeat ambient music)

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2024 General Standards Inital

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