One Health: Linking Human, Animal, Plant, and Ecosystem Health in Nebraska and Beyond

Liz VanWormer, Nebraska One Health Director, Associate Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, School of Natural Resources Author

12/18/2023 Added

20 Plays

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One Health brings together people with diverse backgrounds, skills, and perspectives to improve the health of humans, wild and domestic animals, plants and our shared environments. From zoonotic diseases and pesticide contamination to connections between biodiversity and health, Liz will share updates on interdisciplinary One Health research, teaching, and community engagement.

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[00:00:00.750]The following presentation
[00:00:02.250]is part of the Agronomy and Horticulture Seminar Series
[00:00:05.790]at the University of Nebraska Lincoln.
[00:00:08.640]Alright, well it's 3:30, so I'll kick us off.
[00:00:11.160]Thanks everybody for joining us today.
[00:00:13.180]We have Dr. Liz Vanwormer with us today
[00:00:16.320]talking about one Health program at UNL.
[00:00:19.410]If you're viewing this presentation online,
[00:00:21.944]just remember that if you have questions
[00:00:24.090]to put them in the chat,
[00:00:27.120]it's my pleasure to introduce Liz.
[00:00:28.980]Liz is a veterinary epidemiologist
[00:00:31.380]in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
[00:00:34.380]in the School of Natural Resources.
[00:00:36.480]She coordinates the Nebraska One Health Program
[00:00:39.000]working with students, interdisciplinary researchers
[00:00:41.730]and local stakeholders
[00:00:42.810]from diverse backgrounds and perspectives
[00:00:45.570]to address complex health challenges
[00:00:47.880]at the interface of people, animals, and the environment.
[00:00:51.510]Liz collaborates on One Health projects
[00:00:53.099]ranging from studies of land to sea, pathogen transmission,
[00:00:57.480]to community-based research
[00:00:59.250]on connections among livestock health, human nutrition,
[00:01:02.880]and rural livelihoods.
[00:01:04.710]Thanks, Liz, I'll let you take it away from here.
[00:01:06.593](Liz speaking indistinctly)
[00:01:12.147](audio warble) through any tech challenges?
[00:01:14.888]Well, thank you very much, Happy Friday,
[00:01:16.920]and thanks for the opportunity to visit you
[00:01:18.990]and to share a seminar on One Health.
[00:01:22.028]As Dylan mentioned, I'm a veterinary epidemiologist.
[00:01:25.470]Is that okay volume-wise?
[00:01:28.050]Yeah, everybody's happy?
[00:01:29.130]Okay, I'm a veterinary epidemiologist,
[00:01:30.569]but I love collaborative interdisciplinary work.
[00:01:33.750]So I'm very excited to be at your seminar series
[00:01:37.050]and talking about the Nebraska One Health Program.
[00:01:40.230]I always like to start
[00:01:41.280]by gauging how familiar people are with One Health,
[00:01:44.003]just so I have a sense
[00:01:45.330]of people's experience and perspective.
[00:01:47.820]So if you've seen me talk before,
[00:01:49.440]this is gonna sound familiar,
[00:01:50.820]but if you could just show me
[00:01:52.650]in a fun, interactive audience manner
[00:01:55.321]on a scale from zero or a fist to five,
[00:01:59.760]how familiar you are with One Health,
[00:02:01.800]where zero is I haven't heard of this but I'm excited to,
[00:02:05.055]and five is I feel comfortable talking about this
[00:02:08.070]to my family at a holiday meal.
[00:02:11.730]Okay, wow, you guys are a great participatory group.
[00:02:13.830]This is fantastic.
[00:02:15.030]So I'm excited to see a range.
[00:02:16.066]So I saw definitely some zeros, I saw some higher numbers,
[00:02:19.380]and I think that's exciting
[00:02:20.910]because there are so many ways to learn about One Health
[00:02:23.397]and I think we're all continuously evolving
[00:02:25.610]in our perspectives on it.
[00:02:27.480]So if you are new to One Health,
[00:02:29.280]I hope you'll find interesting things here today
[00:02:31.470]and you can feel free to ask me questions.
[00:02:33.930]If you have a lot of One Health experience,
[00:02:36.060]you can also feel free to jump in
[00:02:37.560]with side notes and perspectives if I miss anything.
[00:02:41.760]So One Health is really centered on the idea
[00:02:45.540]that the health of people, animals, plants,
[00:02:48.063]and our shared environments are interdependent.
[00:02:52.020]So if we challenge ourselves to think about things
[00:02:54.690]that connect the health of humans,
[00:02:57.540]our pets, our livestock, the wildlife around us,
[00:03:01.800]I'm guessing that we can come up with a lot of examples.
[00:03:04.590]And a really relevant one
[00:03:06.300]might be the recent COVID-19 pandemic
[00:03:09.270]where we saw a zoonotic pathogen
[00:03:11.250]reshape the fabric of our world.
[00:03:14.250]So many people were deeply affected by a disease,
[00:03:18.570]one shared between animals and people.
[00:03:21.246]And in the case of Covid,
[00:03:22.680]it changed aspects of our personal and family health.
[00:03:25.920]It changed the way we interact as communities,
[00:03:28.500]the way we send our kids to school,
[00:03:30.000]the way we teach our students at the university,
[00:03:32.670]as well as global supply chains and other economic factors.
[00:03:36.570]So even though zoonotic pathogens
[00:03:38.820]like parasites and viruses and bacteria can be tiny,
[00:03:42.210]they can carry a lot of power.
[00:03:44.880]And so I wanted to bring up the example of Covid
[00:03:47.670]because I think it's one many of us, hopefully,
[00:03:50.040]I think probably all of us can identify with.
[00:03:52.590]But it also really raised global attention
[00:03:55.920]about zoonotic diseases,
[00:03:57.540]these diseases shared by people and animals
[00:04:00.150]as well as One Health approaches or interdisciplinary work.
[00:04:04.440]And so this is the BBC
[00:04:06.330]from early stages of the pandemic January, 2020,
[00:04:09.300]raising the question
[00:04:10.410]of why do we see more sharing of diseases
[00:04:12.927]between animals and people?
[00:04:15.510]What is causing that, or causing us to appreciate it more?
[00:04:19.710]And so they're doing a great job here
[00:04:21.750]of bringing a really important One Health issue to light.
[00:04:25.560]And I think it's also pointing to the fact
[00:04:28.050]that people want to know why we see pandemics like COVID-19,
[00:04:32.490]why we might see other diseases emerging.
[00:04:35.370]And if we think about all of the pathogens
[00:04:37.830]known to cause infectious disease in people,
[00:04:40.470]there's really strong evidence
[00:04:42.180]that the majority come from an animal reservoir.
[00:04:45.390]And when we think about the emerging diseases,
[00:04:47.610]the ones that are either newly recognized or discovered,
[00:04:51.210]becoming prevalent in a new host
[00:04:53.010]or a new environment,
[00:04:54.480]the majority of those come from a wildlife reservoir.
[00:04:57.900]So if I ask you all to picture a wildlife host of a disease
[00:05:02.310]that's shared with a human,
[00:05:03.870]I'm guessing you can come up with an image in your mind,
[00:05:07.170]and these are the ones that are really frequently raised.
[00:05:10.110]So people often think about bats
[00:05:12.060]like fruit bats or insectivorous bats
[00:05:14.700]that might host something like a coronavirus,
[00:05:17.400]but might in Nebraska host a rabies virus
[00:05:20.160]that could go to people.
[00:05:21.960]There's also a lot of concern globally about small mammals
[00:05:25.260]like rodent populations
[00:05:27.270]that might live in and around homes outside your house,
[00:05:31.050]in agricultural fields
[00:05:32.520]where there's a high level of human-animal contact.
[00:05:36.150]And we might think about animals
[00:05:37.620]with close evolutionary relationships to us,
[00:05:40.260]animals like primates that can share pathogens with people.
[00:05:44.400]This is probably a less likely scenario in Nebraska
[00:05:47.490]unless something very unusual is going on.
[00:05:49.620]Maybe it's a human-zoo interface,
[00:05:51.180]but we don't tend to have a lot
[00:05:52.530]of human primate interactions here,
[00:05:54.390]non-human primate, I should say, interactions.
[00:05:57.240]But we can think of pathogen transmission
[00:05:59.670]with species much closer to home.
[00:06:01.980]So we live in a heavily agricultural state, right?
[00:06:05.100]I'm guessing how many people here have a pet
[00:06:07.650]or a livestock animal they're in regular contact with?
[00:06:11.670]Yeah, most of the room.
[00:06:12.900]It's really common for us to interact with those animals
[00:06:15.870]as well as wildlife.
[00:06:17.730]And this picture is commonly used
[00:06:19.920]when we talk about zoonotic disease.
[00:06:21.900]And I really appreciate it for many reasons.
[00:06:24.600]The first is that that kid looks happy to me.
[00:06:27.390]I think there is a bonding moment happening
[00:06:29.334]between the human and the pig in this picture, right?
[00:06:32.911]We know there's tremendous value
[00:06:35.130]to the human animal bond
[00:06:36.360]when we think about dogs and cats in our houses
[00:06:38.550]and we think about the animals that we produce,
[00:06:41.310]and we want to be able to maintain that.
[00:06:44.250]But when we think about the type of connection
[00:06:46.440]that's happening,
[00:06:47.273]there's some close interaction
[00:06:48.570]going on here with this child licking the pig's snout.
[00:06:52.620]And if either of them is carrying an influenza virus,
[00:06:56.220]this is a perfect interface for transmission
[00:06:58.800]and sharing across species.
[00:07:01.380]So how do we manage that?
[00:07:02.790]How do we balance the tension
[00:07:04.830]of these wonderful human animal relationships
[00:07:07.470]that are vital to our wellbeing
[00:07:09.570]and the very clear reality that we can share diseases,
[00:07:14.010]we can have these other health connections
[00:07:16.650]that are gonna sometimes have adverse consequences.
[00:07:21.030]This same tension arises
[00:07:22.380]when we think about several wildlife hosts.
[00:07:25.320]So this is a straw-colored fruit bat
[00:07:27.450]that's captured in a mist net for research purposes.
[00:07:30.150]I also love this picture.
[00:07:31.350]I think this bat is amazingly cute.
[00:07:34.020]If I were not a wildlife biologist, epidemiologist,
[00:07:36.600]I would want to hug it.
[00:07:38.070]And I think it points to,
[00:07:39.780]again, the fact that we have very close relationships
[00:07:42.960]with wildlife and natural environments around us.
[00:07:46.530]But bats globally are persecuted and villainized
[00:07:49.710]in many scenarios
[00:07:51.180]because they can carry dangerous pathogens.
[00:07:53.340]They can be the hosts of very severe diseases
[00:07:55.620]that have public health consequences,
[00:07:57.990]but they're doing fantastic things in ecosystems
[00:08:01.320]around the world, right?
[00:08:02.700]So when I was learning about bats,
[00:08:04.350]I was thrilled to learn about their role
[00:08:06.240]as architects of forests through seed dispersal,
[00:08:09.420]the importance they play
[00:08:10.560]in pollinating domestic and wild plant species,
[00:08:14.130]the way that they can control agricultural insect pests
[00:08:18.240]and contribute to agricultural production.
[00:08:21.150]So again, we have that tension of the aesthetic value
[00:08:24.265]our connection with humans and nature and wildlife
[00:08:28.740]our benefits from so many animals in the environment.
[00:08:32.340]But again, the very real challenge
[00:08:33.720]that we share some very significant pathogens.
[00:08:37.020]So when we think about this,
[00:08:38.280]when we think about the dynamics
[00:08:39.690]between people and domestic animals and wildlife,
[00:08:43.560]we can think about the complexity
[00:08:45.420]not only in our backyard
[00:08:47.580]where we might have multi-host interactions,
[00:08:49.830]that local environment where we're encountering pathogens,
[00:08:53.370]but we can also think about the complexity
[00:08:56.280]across spatial and temporal scales.
[00:08:59.190]So we have pathogen connections happening
[00:09:01.860]in terms of zoonotic disease at individual, local, regional,
[00:09:06.600]and even global and planetary levels.
[00:09:09.480]So we have different types of contact
[00:09:12.120]with domestic animal and wildlife and vector hosts.
[00:09:16.020]We can have movements of pathogens
[00:09:17.940]between agricultural and urban and other environments.
[00:09:21.600]And we have large scale global forces
[00:09:24.720]like travel and trade
[00:09:26.190]that move people and animals and plants
[00:09:28.500]and species all over the world.
[00:09:31.140]We also have large scale movement of many wildlife hosts.
[00:09:34.230]If you picture migratory waterfall,
[00:09:36.990]that can carry avian influenza thousands of miles away.
[00:09:41.310]So when we think about all of these forces together,
[00:09:44.340]it can be overwhelming, right?
[00:09:45.630]Like how do you account for all of those
[00:09:47.430]if we're thinking about disease sharing and shared health?
[00:09:51.360]But it can also be a really great call
[00:09:53.640]for interdisciplinary partnership.
[00:09:55.890]As a veterinarian or epidemiologist alone,
[00:09:59.220]I can't address all of the forces that are happening here,
[00:10:02.940]but working with a broader network,
[00:10:05.220]there's the potential to think about large scale change
[00:10:08.940]in agricultural or other systems
[00:10:11.190]about multi-host contact
[00:10:13.200]and how we can account for those diverse forces.
[00:10:17.070]I wanna point out
[00:10:17.903]and take a second to give credit to Abbey Snyder
[00:10:20.760]who drew this image as well
[00:10:22.050]as many of the beautiful graphics
[00:10:23.460]that you'll see in this talk.
[00:10:25.170]She's our One Health web and graphic designer,
[00:10:27.750]and we try to pull in the arts as much as possible
[00:10:30.570]for One Health communication as well as partnerships,
[00:10:33.390]which I'll talk about later as well.
[00:10:36.270]So not only do we have the temporal and spatial forces
[00:10:38.880]happening across these scales,
[00:10:41.100]we also have the reality that the world is not static.
[00:10:44.910]So we know that many environments and countries
[00:10:48.150]are rapidly urbanizing
[00:10:49.950]with human populations shifting into cities
[00:10:52.830]and people don't leave their livestock outside those bounds.
[00:10:55.710]They are still livestock raising
[00:10:57.240]and markets happening in those areas too.
[00:10:59.880]They're expanding domestic animal populations
[00:11:02.760]for pets in those regions.
[00:11:04.410]And there they're wildlife.
[00:11:05.910]I was in my backyard last night
[00:11:07.650]and I saw a fox running through it, right?
[00:11:09.570]So even in Lincoln, we have this wildlife human proximity
[00:11:12.922]that we can think of too.
[00:11:15.630]We also know that climatic and weather patterns
[00:11:18.000]changing can influence health across many scales.
[00:11:21.240]So if you think about all the forces like wildfires,
[00:11:24.090]like the Canadian wildfires this summer,
[00:11:26.353]long-term drought that we see in many agricultural systems
[00:11:29.700]like those in Nebraska of hurricanes,
[00:11:32.250]all of those can reshape the dynamics
[00:11:34.650]of human animal contact and shared health as well.
[00:11:38.969]And I wanna point out,
[00:11:39.802]this is from the UN Environmental Program,
[00:11:42.120]so not a health organization,
[00:11:44.340]pointing to the factors that are enhancing disease sharing.
[00:11:48.480]And a lot of these look familiar
[00:11:50.010]and don't just affect diseases,
[00:11:51.600]they affect many other aspects of our agricultural systems
[00:11:55.200]and our health jointly.
[00:11:57.390]So we talked about climate change,
[00:11:59.310]but things like deforestation and land use change
[00:12:02.370]that might be conversion to agricultural lands
[00:12:04.860]that shift bats out of forest habitat
[00:12:07.124]and into a commercial mango orchard.
[00:12:10.290]That might be something
[00:12:11.220]like intensified agricultural production with livestock
[00:12:14.070]where we have many more animals sharing a confined space
[00:12:18.090]and we're trying to deal with their health needs
[00:12:20.460]and the runoff of their manure and other products.
[00:12:24.510]It could be illegal and poorly regulated wildlife trade.
[00:12:28.740]So for considering all of these different aspects,
[00:12:32.280]it requires a lot of thinking across different species
[00:12:36.840]as well as different disciplines.
[00:12:39.480]But when we think about any watershed,
[00:12:41.730]whether it's this Nebraska watershed
[00:12:43.860]with agricultural and urban environments
[00:12:46.140]or somewhere farther afield,
[00:12:48.690]in many cases, the way that we've trained students,
[00:12:51.165]the way that we currently address health problems,
[00:12:54.540]the way that we manage our systems and natural resources
[00:12:58.260]are really isolated.
[00:13:00.210]So typically, human, animal and plant health specialists
[00:13:04.110]are not trained together or are in regular dialogue.
[00:13:08.070]And so One Health is thinking about what we have to gain
[00:13:12.210]by bringing these spheres together
[00:13:14.760]by thinking about the challenges
[00:13:16.230]that aren't just a public health challenge
[00:13:18.120]or a veterinary challenge or a plant health challenge,
[00:13:21.120]but thinking about how the health of these spheres
[00:13:23.580]overlaps in our shared social ecological systems.
[00:13:28.350]So One Health is really,
[00:13:29.430]it's the idea of interdependent health,
[00:13:31.170]but it's also just an approach
[00:13:33.240]that brings together people
[00:13:34.560]from diverse backgrounds and perspectives
[00:13:37.260]to try to jointly address these complex health challenges
[00:13:41.220]that impact people, our pets, our livestock,
[00:13:43.914]and the wildlife and plants around us.
[00:13:47.100]And so this is within academia
[00:13:49.320]certainly saying,
[00:13:50.153]"Let's have more collaboration
[00:13:51.360]among the disciplines working at a university,
[00:13:54.240]but also calling for greater collaboration
[00:13:56.656]between outside partners."
[00:13:59.190]So thinking about relationships
[00:14:00.750]with state and federal agencies
[00:14:02.340]or government ministries, depending on where you are.
[00:14:05.250]Thinking about connections with nonprofit organizations
[00:14:07.903]working in diverse aspects of environment and health
[00:14:11.460]and thinking about integrating with communities
[00:14:13.770]and community members
[00:14:15.480]who are often on the front lines of these challenges.
[00:14:19.110]So it's not a new idea in the sense that
[00:14:21.630]many of us already work in interdisciplinary teams.
[00:14:25.380]It's just calling for that to happen
[00:14:27.300]on a more coordinated scale.
[00:14:29.550]At everything from the state to international level.
[00:14:34.500]So who is engaged in addressing these problems, right?
[00:14:37.290]I mentioned zoonotic disease.
[00:14:38.880]I'm gonna give you a lot of other examples
[00:14:40.680]of One Health Challenges.
[00:14:42.570]And I think we need a lot of diverse people at the table,
[00:14:45.270]and I think it's problem dependent,
[00:14:47.130]so the teams might look different with different challenges.
[00:14:50.220]Hopefully you see yourselves reflected somewhere in here.
[00:14:52.470]I don't think I specifically wrote
[00:14:54.360]agriculture, agronomy and horticulture into this,
[00:14:58.290]but certainly bridging across life sciences
[00:15:01.050]where we're thinking about health sciences,
[00:15:02.880]environmental sciences, climate sciences,
[00:15:05.880]thinking about social sciences,
[00:15:07.200]like bringing in economists and sociologists
[00:15:09.690]to health teams.
[00:15:10.950]And then I think really thinking
[00:15:12.330]about artists and storytellers
[00:15:13.890]and people who are trained to engage with communities
[00:15:16.860]to more cohesively bring others into the discussion
[00:15:21.150]and to share information about these health challenges.
[00:15:24.930]So we can talk about this on the Nebraska scale,
[00:15:27.150]the Nebraska watershed that I have in the background,
[00:15:29.763]but I wanted to share
[00:15:31.260]that it's also being discussed
[00:15:32.790]at federal and international levels.
[00:15:35.370]So One Health is growing as an approach
[00:15:38.490]and a term that you might encounter.
[00:15:40.710]This is from the Centers for Disease Control,
[00:15:43.170]so a US governmental level
[00:15:44.850]emphasizing how approaching health collectively
[00:15:48.150]has the chance to benefit species across these domains.
[00:15:52.500]And then in the past year, we've also seen collaboration
[00:15:55.830]between the World Health Organization,
[00:15:57.840]the World Organization for Animal Health, the FAO
[00:16:01.290]and the UN Environmental Program,
[00:16:03.240]working with a high level One Health expert panel
[00:16:05.640]to come to a shared definition of One Health
[00:16:08.040]and to advocate for One Health approaches to be used
[00:16:11.220]as we come back from the Covid pandemic
[00:16:13.650]as we think about the future of health
[00:16:15.720]and agriculture and other systems.
[00:16:18.120]And so there is a lot
[00:16:19.530]of international cooperation recognition
[00:16:21.720]happening around One Health as well.
[00:16:25.290]So up to this point,
[00:16:26.130]I've talked a lot about zoonotic diseases.
[00:16:28.080]That's because I trained
[00:16:29.040]as a zoonotic disease epidemiologist,
[00:16:31.020]so it's my home ground for examples,
[00:16:33.840]but also because zoonotic diseases
[00:16:35.394]are used as a really common example.
[00:16:38.730]So we think about pathogen sharing
[00:16:40.260]between animals and people,
[00:16:42.030]that's an easy way to understand interconnected health.
[00:16:45.480]But a lot of these challenges are more diffuse.
[00:16:48.510]So we can think about the impacts of air and water quality
[00:16:52.530]on people, domestic animals, wildlife, and our environments,
[00:16:56.760]whether we're thinking about industrial air pollution
[00:16:59.040]on the left,
[00:17:00.564]or particulate matter from extensive wildfires
[00:17:02.615]that we've seen in diverse areas of the world.
[00:17:05.640]When you think of water quality,
[00:17:06.930]it could be pathogen contamination,
[00:17:09.360]but it could be things like this picture on the left
[00:17:11.460]of harmful algal blooms and algal toxins
[00:17:14.730]that have the potential
[00:17:15.660]to impact human and animal health as well.
[00:17:18.780]There's also growing global concern I think in agriculture
[00:17:21.570]as well as other disciplines about plastic pollution,
[00:17:25.050]both large scale plastics and microplastics.
[00:17:28.050]So studies show that there are microplastics in everything
[00:17:30.690]from the beer and water that we wanna drink
[00:17:33.090]to Antarctic snow and ice spaces.
[00:17:35.760]And so we have globally distributed pieces of plastic.
[00:17:40.260]We know that some pathogens
[00:17:41.970]and some chemicals can adhere to those,
[00:17:43.650]and yet we know little about the long-term health impacts.
[00:17:47.310]So that certainly could be considered
[00:17:48.720]a One Health issue as well.
[00:17:51.000]There are also a lot of chronic diseases
[00:17:52.860]that cross species boundaries.
[00:17:54.330]When we think about cancer that is shared between species
[00:17:57.540]or we can talk about obesity.
[00:17:59.850]So there's a lot of concern
[00:18:00.790]about human obesity in the United States.
[00:18:03.630]We also have challenges with canine obesity,
[00:18:06.510]so pet dogs who are facing overweight or obese problems.
[00:18:10.770]So we can ask, are there shared biological solutions there
[00:18:13.710]in the way that we understand the mechanisms of obesity?
[00:18:17.040]Are there shared behavioral approaches
[00:18:18.990]that can jointly improve domestic animal and human health?
[00:18:22.740]And then I think an emerging area of One health
[00:18:24.960]is really in this idea of mental health
[00:18:27.750]where we're not just thinking about physical consequences
[00:18:30.750]of activity or disease,
[00:18:32.700]but thinking about the human-nature bond.
[00:18:35.730]So during Covid, there was a tremendous amount
[00:18:37.770]of discussion about the value of green and blue spaces
[00:18:41.340]for human health and wellbeing.
[00:18:43.230]I'm guessing that most people in this room
[00:18:45.090]have a space they go to that is peaceful
[00:18:47.670]or refreshing to them
[00:18:49.320]that involves nature or wildlife.
[00:18:51.960]There are also some really interesting examples
[00:18:54.090]of mental health connections that have been emerging.
[00:18:56.640]So the bottom right shows an example
[00:18:58.980]from the Canadian Cattle Association
[00:19:01.500]and they were tracking impacts of drought
[00:19:03.793]on livestock losses,
[00:19:06.090]so cattle populations dying due to drought,
[00:19:08.850]and then the mental health impacts on the ranchers
[00:19:11.730]who are producing and earning their family livelihoods
[00:19:14.640]from those livestock.
[00:19:16.140]So not only are they dealing with animals dying,
[00:19:18.990]which has its own mental health repercussions,
[00:19:21.180]but also the livelihood losses for their families.
[00:19:24.570]So that's another interconnected challenge
[00:19:26.970]that is very different than is a zoonotic disease,
[00:19:29.880]but carries some of the same integration across it.
[00:19:35.100]So we've talked in stakeholders in Nebraska,
[00:19:37.200]we've had One Health symposium, we've had interviews,
[00:19:39.060]we've had focus groups and other sessions
[00:19:40.740]where we've discussed with people
[00:19:42.480]across health and agricultural spaces and the environment.
[00:19:45.871]And these are the key issues that routinely come up.
[00:19:48.300]People are really concerned about zoonotic pathogens,
[00:19:51.420]particularly vector-borne diseases.
[00:19:54.240]So in Nebraska we might think
[00:19:55.830]of West Nile virus with mosquitoes.
[00:19:57.480]We might think of tick-borne diseases emerging in the state.
[00:20:00.780]There's a lot of concern about water quality and quantity.
[00:20:03.240]I'm guessing that's not surprising to anybody in the room
[00:20:05.820]or working in agricultural systems.
[00:20:08.250]There's a lot of concern about anti-microbial resistance
[00:20:10.950]at livestock and human interfaces, as well as more broadly.
[00:20:14.610]And there's great concern
[00:20:16.020]sort of about this other more general category
[00:20:18.570]of integrated food security
[00:20:20.580]and sustainable rural livelihoods.
[00:20:23.340]So all of those could potentially be viewed
[00:20:26.280]through a One Health lens.
[00:20:28.290]And we have a Nebraska One Health program,
[00:20:30.990]so I was asked to share with you about today
[00:20:33.420]that's trying to begin together interdisciplinary teams
[00:20:36.930]and multi-stakeholder teams
[00:20:38.490]crossing the boundaries out into the world beyond academia
[00:20:41.940]to try to develop research teams and educational teams
[00:20:45.041]and outreach teams
[00:20:46.950]that can address these complex health challenges.
[00:20:50.190]So that looks like supporting One Health research
[00:20:53.160]and student training and outreach and extension
[00:20:56.580]on topics like zoonotic disease,
[00:20:59.070]but also like those broader challenges that I shared.
[00:21:02.370]So I think for many of us it can be hard to envision
[00:21:04.980]what that looks like if we don't see examples of it.
[00:21:07.857]And so today I prepared for you
[00:21:09.900]rather than a deep dive into one One Health project,
[00:21:14.010]I tried to do sort of a a selective array of projects
[00:21:17.640]so you can get a sense of the diversity of work
[00:21:20.340]that can be addressed using One Health.
[00:21:23.220]So many of us might come from traditions
[00:21:25.110]where at a holiday feast
[00:21:26.460]we have lots of different things on the table,
[00:21:28.320]some savory, some sweet,
[00:21:29.610]you might have your favorite type of cookie.
[00:21:31.620]Hopefully today you can have a little bite
[00:21:33.450]of all these different One Health approaches.
[00:21:35.850]And if you're excited about any,
[00:21:37.260]I'm happy to talk in more depth.
[00:21:39.270]Or if you see a place where you say,
[00:21:41.407]"I am a person who needs to be on that One Health team,"
[00:21:44.520]we are very welcoming to integrating more people
[00:21:48.300]from different disciplines as well.
[00:21:51.090]So let's start out giving you
[00:21:52.050]some research examples from Nebraska
[00:21:54.720]and then we can dive into some broader outreach
[00:21:56.940]and training examples as well.
[00:22:00.120]So the first one comes from the world of wildlife
[00:22:03.060]and zoonotic pathogens spill over.
[00:22:04.650]I thought I'd stick to that earlier theme.
[00:22:07.230]So you might've heard that not only were we concerned
[00:22:09.690]about SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid in people,
[00:22:14.070]there's also concern about it spilling over to
[00:22:16.710]and being maintained by wildlife populations
[00:22:20.040]like the deer pictured here.
[00:22:22.200]So not only because it can survive
[00:22:24.690]and be transmitted in deer,
[00:22:26.610]but there's the question of
[00:22:27.780]what if it changes in wildlife populations
[00:22:30.540]and comes back to humans?
[00:22:32.520]Will we be prepared for those new variants?
[00:22:35.580]How will that shape public health as well?
[00:22:38.010]So there's an ongoing concern
[00:22:39.990]at the human wildlife interface for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
[00:22:45.840]So not only deer, there's really strong evidence
[00:22:48.066]of it circulating in deer species,
[00:22:51.120]but people are raising the questions
[00:22:52.560]of what other wildlife health populations might be affected,
[00:22:56.010]especially ones with a lot of contact with people.
[00:22:59.850]So we have a One Health team
[00:23:01.200]working with researchers across disciplines at UNL
[00:23:04.410]and working with partners
[00:23:05.970]at Nebraska Health and Human Services
[00:23:08.700]with wildlife rehabilitation facilities,
[00:23:11.580]with animal shelters, with zoos
[00:23:13.230]as part of a broader collaborative One Health team.
[00:23:16.050]And our piece of the puzzle is that we have students
[00:23:18.630]who are investigating SARS-CoV-2 in wild rodent populations.
[00:23:23.490]So if you step outside your door and you see a wild mouse,
[00:23:26.370]does that have the potential to share viruses with people?
[00:23:30.360]So this project has been a really great opportunity
[00:23:32.610]for us to look across the human animal interface.
[00:23:36.270]So where if you think of the MoPac Trail
[00:23:38.790]just to the south of campus,
[00:23:40.650]we're using that as the marker
[00:23:42.540]of an urban to wildlife, urban to rural wildlife gradient.
[00:23:46.470]So more urban areas with lots of people,
[00:23:49.530]peri-urban areas at the edge
[00:23:51.150]where people might be using trails recreationally.
[00:23:53.760]And then agricultural environments
[00:23:55.310]and the way that we contact wildlife
[00:23:57.750]looks different in those different spaces.
[00:24:00.360]So we're saying what does it look like
[00:24:02.520]in terms of spillover?
[00:24:03.930]What can we tell about the connections
[00:24:05.850]between people and small mammals,
[00:24:08.280]as well as small mammals and other wildlife species
[00:24:10.710]like deer?
[00:24:11.880]And not only does this give us the chance
[00:24:13.650]to engage in collaborative One Health research,
[00:24:16.440]it also gives us a window for student training
[00:24:18.930]in safe animal sampling,
[00:24:20.430]and thinking about One Health study design
[00:24:22.800]and in working with community partners.
[00:24:25.380]So this is Marnee Roundtree,
[00:24:26.820]one of our postdocs leading this work
[00:24:28.620]and training one of our One Health undergraduate students,
[00:24:31.238]Ann Elise,
[00:24:32.670]on safe animal sampling practices.
[00:24:35.430]So that is a study in progress.
[00:24:38.250]We just wrapped up sampling.
[00:24:39.450]You might've seen us if you are using the MoPac
[00:24:41.510]in the last couple of months.
[00:24:43.560]And so that's one example
[00:24:45.240]of what One Health surveillance could look like, right?
[00:24:47.064]Looking across animal species and human species in contact.
[00:24:52.260]A broader one that is applicable across Nebraska
[00:24:55.080]and is indeed an area of high concern
[00:24:56.910]from public health, animal health
[00:24:58.320]and environmental health spheres
[00:25:00.480]is the emergence of ticks and tick-borne disease.
[00:25:03.630]So if you are someone who works outside with animals
[00:25:06.420]or plants or engages in recreation
[00:25:08.940]and goes hiking and on trails,
[00:25:10.320]I'm guessing you've encountered ticks in Nebraska,
[00:25:12.840]especially if you're working in grassland
[00:25:15.090]or prairie environments.
[00:25:16.440]There are reality of many systems across the world.
[00:25:19.890]And Nebraska is really interesting, right?
[00:25:21.600]Because we have the climatic gradient,
[00:25:23.190]we have the different ecosystem types in our state,
[00:25:26.340]and ticks are emerging into Nebraska.
[00:25:29.550]So we're seeing new tick species move in.
[00:25:31.860]There's concern about greater expansion with climate change.
[00:25:35.130]And in just the past couple of years,
[00:25:36.930]Lyme disease has been documented
[00:25:39.360]with local transmission in our state.
[00:25:41.190]So new tick-borne pathogen concerns as well.
[00:25:44.910]So how do you understand ticks and tick-borne diseases
[00:25:47.670]and changing landscapes
[00:25:48.990]across watersheds and wildlife habitats
[00:25:51.810]and cattle production and domestic pets
[00:25:54.570]and people and recreational use?
[00:25:56.760]And I think the answer
[00:25:57.750]is that again, it takes a team
[00:25:59.400]that can cut across really diverse disciplines.
[00:26:02.430]So we have a Nebraska Tick network
[00:26:04.410]that we engage in through the One Health program.
[00:26:07.290]This is a really fun network
[00:26:08.460]because it's not managed by any one entity or leader.
[00:26:11.760]It's sort of collaborative leadership
[00:26:13.800]and hosting over over seasons.
[00:26:16.410]And we have people across the NU system
[00:26:18.720]that participate in this network
[00:26:20.040]as well as universities like Creighton,
[00:26:21.960]other private schools.
[00:26:23.460]We work with multiple state and federal agencies,
[00:26:26.100]the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services,
[00:26:28.800]the Department of Ag, the Game & Parks Commission.
[00:26:32.370]And we work with community groups and others
[00:26:34.680]who are more broadly interested
[00:26:36.360]in surveillance for tick-borne pathogens too.
[00:26:39.390]And one of the ways that this is done
[00:26:41.130]and I think is pretty exciting
[00:26:42.900]is through citizen science approaches.
[00:26:45.360]So Louise Lynch-O'Brien and the Department of Entomology,
[00:26:48.360]you can see her doing
[00:26:49.230]exciting insect biodiversity outreach with kids
[00:26:51.750]in the bottom right picture
[00:26:53.490]also leads a citizen science passive surveillance system
[00:26:56.658]for ticks in the state, called TICK TAG Go.
[00:27:00.270]So if you are one of those people out in a field
[00:27:02.040]and you peel a tick off your pants,
[00:27:03.960]you could take a picture of it, you can upload it.
[00:27:06.570]Experts will work to identify it
[00:27:08.430]so that we can understand the distribution of species
[00:27:11.400]and cover a much bigger landscape
[00:27:13.530]than any one person or even team of researchers
[00:27:16.590]could potentially cover on their own.
[00:27:19.050]Louise is also working with a team
[00:27:20.610]to try to think about the best ways
[00:27:22.530]to talk about shared health risks for public audiences,
[00:27:26.100]whether it's kids at a camp or people in a public school
[00:27:30.120]or adults who are working in high risk occupations,
[00:27:33.151]ones that are agricultural or working with cattle
[00:27:36.030]or other hosts of ticks.
[00:27:37.920]So there's a lot of effort not only from the research angle
[00:27:42.000]but also from the training and sharing angle
[00:27:44.580]to understand some of these big shared health challenges.
[00:27:48.090]This is the iNaturalist site for Tick Tag Go.
[00:27:49.703]So again, if you're out and about and you see ticks,
[00:27:52.200]you too can be part
[00:27:53.400]of the One Health Scientific Research Network
[00:27:56.010]to understand what's changing in the state.
[00:27:58.620]And then that does bring in partners from Nebraska Extension
[00:28:02.280]as well as tick and tick-borne disease specialists
[00:28:04.890]within the university and beyond
[00:28:06.810]who are working to use that data.
[00:28:10.230]So we also yearly have an in-person meeting
[00:28:12.750]if this is something that is exciting to you.
[00:28:14.520]That meeting is happening next week.
[00:28:16.470]You can still register.
[00:28:17.550]It's the Nebraska City Campus Union, our TBD location.
[00:28:21.210]And this is a meeting that is this year hosted
[00:28:23.610]by myself and Louise Lynch-O'Brien
[00:28:25.140]and Roberto Cortinas from Entomology.
[00:28:27.480]And then we have a partner in SBS,
[00:28:29.370]the School of Biological Sciences,
[00:28:30.796](indistinct)
[00:28:31.629]who's played a key role in keeping this network going too.
[00:28:35.010]So the cool thing about this network
[00:28:36.480]is that every year
[00:28:37.680]there are different collaborative grants and pilot projects
[00:28:40.950]and outreach opportunities
[00:28:42.390]and surveillance techniques
[00:28:44.220]that are developed and tested
[00:28:46.200]all through the shared interest
[00:28:48.150]in ticks and tickborne diseases
[00:28:49.350]and trying to link across those health domains.
[00:28:54.240]So those are two zoonotic disease examples, right?
[00:28:56.850]If we think about a vector-borne disease,
[00:28:58.263]if we think about the wildlife disease,
[00:29:01.200]but we can also think about this
[00:29:02.700]from the aspect of chemical contamination.
[00:29:06.000]So has everyone heard AltEn Facility in Mead, Nebraska?
[00:29:10.350]Is that common? Yes.
[00:29:12.210]Okay, I'll do a very brief refresher
[00:29:13.737]just in case anybody has not heard about this.
[00:29:16.900]But as part of the AltEn Health study,
[00:29:19.230]we're working with researchers at UNMC
[00:29:21.900]in the College of Public Health
[00:29:23.190]with researchers at Creighton University and USGS
[00:29:26.460]to try to understand
[00:29:27.930]how intensive agrochemical contamination
[00:29:31.740]can shape the health of people and domestic animals
[00:29:35.520]and wildlife sharing the same agro-ecosystems.
[00:29:39.600]So this is a facility that was making bio ethanol
[00:29:42.870]from treated seeds that were discarded,
[00:29:45.390]so remnant seeds
[00:29:46.380]that were coated with neonicotinoid pesticides
[00:29:48.630]and fungicides,
[00:29:49.980]and then were left in bio waste piles
[00:29:52.590]both at the facility and in the landscape.
[00:29:55.710]So those piles were not capture covered,
[00:29:58.620]they could be blown with airborne transmission
[00:30:01.620]of dust and pesticides.
[00:30:03.240]There was the potential for agrochemicals
[00:30:05.430]to move into water systems and groundwater systems.
[00:30:08.517]And so a team came together
[00:30:10.560]covering environmental (indistinct)
[00:30:12.510]like water and soil
[00:30:14.222]led by really entomologists like Judy Wu-Smart,
[00:30:17.610]who saw the impacts of this on honeybees
[00:30:19.825]as a trigger or alarm for the situation.
[00:30:23.250]And now there are people working on diverse aspects
[00:30:26.550]in terms of the farm fields that are impacted
[00:30:30.030]all the way through broader pollinator and wildlife health
[00:30:34.110]using songbird and tadpole sentinels.
[00:30:37.017]And UNMC is leading human health studies
[00:30:39.240]to understand the public health impacts of this as well.
[00:30:43.830]When I mentioned training,
[00:30:44.970]this has spurred the development
[00:30:46.520]of an integrated One Health Experiential Learning Program.
[00:30:50.190]So every summer for the past two years, our pilot season,
[00:30:53.644]we've had undergraduate students
[00:30:55.710]working with faculty engaged across diverse disciplines
[00:30:59.610]to try to look at what's happening
[00:31:01.890]in vegetation and pollinator species,
[00:31:04.290]both domestic and wild,
[00:31:06.000]in sentinels like songbirds and tadpoles
[00:31:09.150]to understand how to weave data together
[00:31:11.820]to look at broader health impacts.
[00:31:14.370]So this is co-ed with Judy Wu-Smart,
[00:31:16.560]who again played such a critical role
[00:31:18.600]in bringing this challenge to light.
[00:31:20.940]And you can see some of our students here in the field.
[00:31:23.790]This is Hayden wearing binoculars around his neck
[00:31:25.650]as he tries to find songbird nests.
[00:31:27.570]We use the eggs as sentinels
[00:31:29.250]so we can test the contents for pesticide residues.
[00:31:32.970]And then we can also have more active approaches
[00:31:36.420]deep in the water systems.
[00:31:37.980]So this is Dennis Ferraro, Shabani Muller,
[00:31:40.830]one of our One Health PhD students,
[00:31:43.260]and Nikki Klosterman, one of our One Health undergrads
[00:31:45.780]deep in the mud
[00:31:46.680]or emerging into the mud as they try to capture bullfrogs.
[00:31:50.100]These giant bullfrog tadpoles.
[00:31:52.590]Bull frogs are an invasive species in Nebraska.
[00:31:55.320]They make a really effective sentinel
[00:31:57.390]of what's happening in standing bodies of water.
[00:32:00.990]So a cool thing about this project
[00:32:02.880]is that you have people testing human samples
[00:32:05.700]like urine and blood
[00:32:06.690]and doing behavioral studies with people.
[00:32:09.480]And then you have that same research group
[00:32:11.460]connected to people out
[00:32:13.560]taking active and passive water samples
[00:32:15.690]and doing deep core soil sampling
[00:32:18.180]and trying to find bird eggs
[00:32:19.680]and trying to find tadpoles
[00:32:21.630]in order to develop an integrated perspective
[00:32:23.942]on how agrochemical contamination at these high levels
[00:32:28.830]can impact broadly
[00:32:30.371]the health of people and animals in the system.
[00:32:34.740]So those are three of my Nebraska research examples for you.
[00:32:39.000]I also wanna share a few examples of public training
[00:32:42.840]and enhancing public awareness of One Health
[00:32:45.510]through extension and through art science partnerships.
[00:32:49.320]So working through a program
[00:32:51.420]with the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services
[00:32:54.630]and UNMC and Nebraska Extension for Educators
[00:32:58.530]and FFA partners.
[00:33:00.210]We're doing trainings on zoonotic disease and One Health
[00:33:04.230]for youth audiences.
[00:33:05.910]So you can see the educators here
[00:33:07.740]getting really excited about using black lights
[00:33:10.380]to track surrogate pathogens.
[00:33:13.440]This is actually the East Campus Union environment.
[00:33:16.560]So we try to use interactive activities and games
[00:33:20.550]and different approaches to engage kids in thinking about,
[00:33:24.690]what if avian influenza shows up in a backyard flock
[00:33:28.830]or what if people are exposed
[00:33:30.630]to some of the zoonotic influenza viruses?
[00:33:33.750]How can we have healthier farm systems,
[00:33:36.420]healthier pet systems and healthier human systems?
[00:33:40.610]So there's a lot of work
[00:33:41.910]thinking about afterschool programs and 4-H Clubs.
[00:33:45.150]And the 4-H Leaders
[00:33:46.890]have been a wonderful source of feedback with this
[00:33:50.010]to help us develop these activities
[00:33:52.110]and to help bring them to distant areas of the state.
[00:33:55.200]And that's Marnee Roundtree again,
[00:33:56.460]working with our One Health and Nebraska Extension Partners.
[00:34:03.180]Some of our work looks really different.
[00:34:04.830]We've been experimenting with diverse methods
[00:34:07.110]of art and storytelling
[00:34:08.490]to talk about One Health connections.
[00:34:11.220]So this is an example from the pandemic
[00:34:13.180]where we were using comics.
[00:34:15.150]So we worked with DC and Marvel comic artists, Bob Hall
[00:34:19.680]who drew another part of the series,
[00:34:21.750]is famous for drawing figures like Superman and Batman.
[00:34:25.650]This was a little step away.
[00:34:27.000]He was actually drawing bats for us this time
[00:34:29.130]as we talked about wildlife connections.
[00:34:31.770]But we use these comics as a way to understand
[00:34:34.890]how art and story can help middle school age students
[00:34:39.120]dive into really complex concepts
[00:34:41.370]like virology and immunology
[00:34:44.040]and human wildlife viral sharing.
[00:34:47.250]So we're looking at this
[00:34:48.390]from the research and outreach side to say
[00:34:51.090]how can art and story shift the way
[00:34:53.757]that we understand some of these
[00:34:56.100]really big complex health challenges?
[00:34:59.970]We do this with younger audiences too.
[00:35:02.280]This is Ben Ndayambaje,
[00:35:03.600]one of our awesome One Health graduate students now postdoc,
[00:35:08.130]working with kids.
[00:35:09.180]These are very young kids,
[00:35:10.590]you can tell probably from their coloring
[00:35:13.170]and their height relative to this map and table.
[00:35:16.320]And they're mapping out connections
[00:35:18.600]between species and environments
[00:35:20.940]as a way to dive into what does it mean
[00:35:23.610]that humans and animals are connected?
[00:35:25.890]How does that impact health?
[00:35:27.450]How does that impact what we do in our landscapes?
[00:35:30.930]So our thought is that even from a very young age,
[00:35:33.390]there's the opportunity to talk about interdependent health
[00:35:37.260]and to try to have a public
[00:35:39.225]that is ready to deal with things like zoonotic pandemics
[00:35:44.100]or agrochemical contamination
[00:35:46.380]or any other shared health challenge.
[00:35:50.130]And so one of the ways that we've been doing this
[00:35:52.170]is really trying to strengthen our partnerships
[00:35:54.900]with the arts and humanities.
[00:35:56.940]So with the UNL Grand Challenges,
[00:36:00.030]looking at how we can understand connections
[00:36:03.000]between biodiversity and human and animal
[00:36:06.180]and environmental health
[00:36:07.920]through methods like art and storytelling
[00:36:09.966]and cross-cultural sharing.
[00:36:13.020]So I'm an epidemiologist.
[00:36:14.220]I usually like spend time typing and looking at data sets
[00:36:17.430]and doing data analysis.
[00:36:19.380]And this is pretty afar afield,
[00:36:21.390]but we've been working with partners in art history,
[00:36:24.210]in graphic design, in emerging media arts,
[00:36:27.600]in community establishments
[00:36:29.790]like public school and libraries
[00:36:32.220]to try to think about how the arts
[00:36:34.200]can bridge some of these really challenging topics.
[00:36:38.850]So this is a representation
[00:36:40.868]from the World Health Organization,
[00:36:42.330]the Convention on Biological Diversity,
[00:36:44.790]trying to map out how biodiversity really is health.
[00:36:49.350]And so we're talking about how communities understand that
[00:36:53.160]and how our choices for conservation and land management
[00:36:57.510]are actively shaping the health of human communities,
[00:37:01.980]but also domestic animals and wildlife.
[00:37:06.000]So sometimes this looks like partnerships among faculty
[00:37:09.750]and sometimes it looks like partnerships
[00:37:11.310]with elementary schools.
[00:37:12.870]So we've been working with Clinton Elementary School
[00:37:14.477]just down the road from East Campus
[00:37:17.250]working with third through fifth graders
[00:37:19.200]to talk about biodiversity and health
[00:37:21.281]and to talk about One Health concepts
[00:37:23.610]and to see how they understand connections
[00:37:27.000]across people and animals and plants and ecosystems.
[00:37:31.200]And that's everything from,
[00:37:33.060]you could see one of our student on the left side
[00:37:35.550]making a One Health mobile
[00:37:37.140]linking these aspects of plant and human
[00:37:39.360]and animal health together.
[00:37:41.160]And you could see on the right side
[00:37:42.840]we're doing leaf printings with the leaves
[00:37:45.120]and talking about the diversity of trees
[00:37:47.790]and other plants in the schoolyard.
[00:37:50.040]And it's not so much, it's the art is a big piece of it,
[00:37:53.370]but it's also the conversations
[00:37:55.080]that happen through the art
[00:37:57.180]of how people are connected to the worlds around us
[00:38:00.720]and the species that we share environments with.
[00:38:04.020]So we're trying
[00:38:05.280]to think about this really diversely,
[00:38:07.680]everything from taking biological samples
[00:38:10.530]from wildlife and domestic animal species and people
[00:38:13.650]and overlapping those in space and time
[00:38:16.830]to thinking about how we can use more diverse tools
[00:38:20.520]to explore One Health with community members.
[00:38:24.810]And so those are all examples from Nebraska.
[00:38:28.470]I know a lot of people
[00:38:29.338]in agronomy and horticulture in the department
[00:38:32.100]work internationally.
[00:38:33.960]So I wanted to give you two examples
[00:38:35.970]from an international context as well.
[00:38:38.760]And one is a research example.
[00:38:41.280]We have a team working on a One Health approach
[00:38:44.460]to child stunting in rural Rwanda.
[00:38:47.460]This is led by partners at UNL and UNMC
[00:38:50.550]in the University of Rwanda.
[00:38:52.590]So child stunting is a global issue still,
[00:38:55.800]and there are still very high levels in Rwanda
[00:38:57.930]where kids are not getting sufficient amounts of nutrition
[00:39:02.266]or able to grow with the nutrition available
[00:39:05.490]to normal levels.
[00:39:06.540]So they're under the height recommended for their age.
[00:39:10.170]And this is a really complex multifactorial problem.
[00:39:13.770]It's not just what you eat
[00:39:15.540]or your family's socioeconomic status
[00:39:17.850]or the education of your parents,
[00:39:20.160]there are a lot of factors at play.
[00:39:22.440]And so our One Health team
[00:39:24.090]was trying to draw in
[00:39:26.280]the connection to animals and the environment.
[00:39:29.160]So sharing of pathogens with the livestock
[00:39:31.890]that are in close contact with kids in their homes,
[00:39:34.800]looking at water quality
[00:39:36.360]from chemical and pathogen perspectives.
[00:39:39.540]So you can see in this watershed that we've drawn,
[00:39:42.390]we've try to incorporate
[00:39:43.740]a lot of the ways that people and animals and water
[00:39:46.740]are connected
[00:39:47.850]and how that can shape health.
[00:39:49.920]And then this cutout is a real world view taken in the field
[00:39:54.000]of the very close proximity
[00:39:55.560]and very sharing that occurs of people, animals,
[00:39:59.580]both domestic and wild, and water sources.
[00:40:02.370]So these kids are getting drinking water for their families
[00:40:05.850]from this surface water source
[00:40:07.890]that is regularly used by cattle and other livestock
[00:40:11.130]and by wildlife
[00:40:12.510]because that's the source available
[00:40:14.820]that's the option during this time of year
[00:40:16.920]for their family and their location.
[00:40:19.290]So we're trying to think not only about
[00:40:21.060]how human factors can shape a nutritional problem
[00:40:23.812]like stunting,
[00:40:25.530]but what about where you live in the watershed?
[00:40:28.110]If you live upstream versus downstream.
[00:40:30.750]What the agricultural or industrial
[00:40:33.540]or other environment around you looks like
[00:40:35.801]and how you're in contact with animals sharing that space.
[00:40:40.500]And so this is Ben again who you saw in the outreach earlier
[00:40:44.550]and he was out in the fields talking to families,
[00:40:47.880]measuring children with their consent of course,
[00:40:51.840]from the parents,
[00:40:52.980]taking samples from animals,
[00:40:54.720]livestock in the home,
[00:40:55.860]taking sample from drinking water sources
[00:40:58.440]and trying to dig deeper
[00:41:00.480]into some of those interconnected patterns
[00:41:03.060]that can shape nutrition.
[00:41:05.370]So I tell you this
[00:41:07.260]because I think this is a study
[00:41:09.480]that has a lot of connections.
[00:41:11.520]I think it could have been developed
[00:41:12.960]so that we could be talking much more holistically also
[00:41:16.590]about what the families are eating on a regular basis,
[00:41:20.250]how their agricultural production
[00:41:22.110]is shaping their food security, their dietary diversity,
[00:41:26.790]what they're doing in the fields
[00:41:28.410]and how that resonates in what the family is eating.
[00:41:33.300]So One Health
[00:41:34.133]can look like a lot of different things in practice.
[00:41:36.870]That's why I wanted to offer you this sort of festival
[00:41:40.269]of different options for One Health
[00:41:43.470]and all the ones I've shared today
[00:41:45.300]have been ones that our program is heavily engaged in.
[00:41:48.600]But I also wanted to give you a personal outreach example
[00:41:51.660]of what I think is a really exciting
[00:41:53.248]community-engaged international One Health approach.
[00:41:58.230]So when we think about zoonotic diseases
[00:42:00.870]we think a lot, like I mentioned about Coronaviruses
[00:42:03.300]or you might think of something even more drastic like Ebola
[00:42:07.200]that can spill over from animals to people.
[00:42:10.020]And so a lot of times people picture One Health teams
[00:42:13.050]out in the field collecting samples
[00:42:15.000]from bats and primates and other species.
[00:42:17.670]And this is a One Health team that I was part of.
[00:42:20.100]I lived and worked in Tanzania for my postdoc
[00:42:23.070]and trained in One Health practices
[00:42:25.020]with our Tanzanian partners.
[00:42:27.180]And this is a team that was doing just that.
[00:42:29.190]We were catching bats, we were sampling them,
[00:42:31.950]we were taking the samples to a shared lab
[00:42:34.080]and testing for viruses
[00:42:35.370]with the potential to jump to people.
[00:42:37.550]We were also working
[00:42:38.730]with our human health partners on our team.
[00:42:40.530]These are all team members demonstrating swabbing techniques
[00:42:44.010]that now look familiar probably to us from Covid,
[00:42:47.070]and we were testing people
[00:42:48.540]and looking at viruses in blood or in other samples.
[00:42:53.520]And that certainly is a One Health approach,
[00:42:56.430]but it misses some of the broader aspects.
[00:43:00.120]So there's a lot of focus on wildlife
[00:43:01.497]and I think a lot of that is very valid.
[00:43:04.500]They definitely can be a source of zoonotic pathogens,
[00:43:08.400]but there's a lot of evidence
[00:43:09.930]that the greatest burden of zoonotic disease
[00:43:12.720]is falling on small scale farmers,
[00:43:15.390]especially poor livestock keepers,
[00:43:17.671]particularly in regions of the world like Asia and Africa.
[00:43:21.690]And of course there are different patterns of contact
[00:43:24.420]in livestock production in many of these systems.
[00:43:27.540]And there's also a different environmental pressure
[00:43:30.330]in many areas.
[00:43:31.950]So I had the chance to work on wildlife sampling
[00:43:34.468]when I was in Tanzania,
[00:43:36.510]but I was also working on a project
[00:43:38.910]looking at pastoralist communities.
[00:43:41.700]So groups like the Maasai
[00:43:42.990]that keep really extensive herds of cattle, sheep and goats.
[00:43:47.400]And this is actually a (indistinct) partner in the center
[00:43:50.520]who's taking care of her livestock,
[00:43:53.070]living in an environment
[00:43:54.420]that goes from this fully flooded river
[00:43:58.380]in parts of the year.
[00:44:00.000]And that with over time with development pressure
[00:44:02.639]and changes in climate,
[00:44:04.920]has gone to completely drying during parts of the year.
[00:44:08.490]So you can imagine the challenges
[00:44:10.020]of being a livestock keeper and a household runner
[00:44:13.260]trying to get your water
[00:44:15.000]when it looks like this on the right
[00:44:17.250]for a large portion of the year now.
[00:44:19.500]So wildlife, domestic animals and people
[00:44:21.660]sharing very limited water resources.
[00:44:24.540]And I think this of course serves as a warning
[00:44:26.700]for many areas of the world
[00:44:27.870]where we see water scarcity increasing.
[00:44:31.170]So outta this project where we were linking
[00:44:33.570]or trying to link the health of livestock herds,
[00:44:36.930]pastoralist families,
[00:44:38.160]the livelihoods that are dependent on their livestock
[00:44:41.190]and the maternal and child nutrition of families.
[00:44:44.400]Out of that developed a really different type of approach.
[00:44:48.240]So we were doing surveys with pastoralists,
[00:44:50.310]we were taking samples from animals,
[00:44:52.230]we were working on human measurements
[00:44:54.660]to look at the growth patterns of kids
[00:44:56.880]and looking at the economics of the family.
[00:44:59.220]And two of the people on our team who you can see here,
[00:45:03.420]this is Elisa on the left
[00:45:05.040]and Jessica on the right,
[00:45:06.270]Jessica's actually wearing a Nebraska one Health T-shirt
[00:45:09.150]fun times for this photo and this talk.
[00:45:11.970]They have started their own
[00:45:14.422]independent nonprofit organization after the project.
[00:45:18.540]This called FOECOE,
[00:45:19.710]the Foundation for Environmental Conservation
[00:45:21.720]and Community Engagement.
[00:45:23.640]And they have moved forward
[00:45:26.010]and partnered with EcoVet Global,
[00:45:28.074]which is focused on building One Health approaches
[00:45:30.600]in communities and diverse areas of the world.
[00:45:33.270]And together they've created a women's earth project
[00:45:36.090]in these same communities
[00:45:38.220]that is linking the health of people,
[00:45:41.033]so the families that live there, the livestock they produce,
[00:45:44.910]the wildlife they're in contact with,
[00:45:46.920]and the agro-ecosystems that they're centered in.
[00:45:50.610]So this is a really holistic program
[00:45:52.449]where they're working with women's community groups
[00:45:55.650]to try to identify local needs and do peer-to-peer training.
[00:46:00.210]So the women collectively are saying
[00:46:02.610]what are the One Health challenges in our systems?
[00:46:06.240]Is it that we don't have adequate poultry production
[00:46:09.510]because animals are dying of disease?
[00:46:11.880]Is it that we're facing agricultural challenges
[00:46:14.340]because of soil health issues
[00:46:16.856]or other management challenges?
[00:46:18.660]Is it that we have a lot of wildlife contact
[00:46:21.120]with elephants or primates
[00:46:22.380]or other species raiding our crops?
[00:46:25.020]So they're dealing with a lot of different pressures
[00:46:27.420]as they produce livestock and crops to feed their families.
[00:46:31.860]And this project is centered on collaborative,
[00:46:35.520]locally led approaches to address those problems.
[00:46:39.450]So this is not a research project,
[00:46:41.130]this is very much a community engaged outreach system.
[00:46:44.820]Maybe it will turn into a research project in the future,
[00:46:47.670]but for now it's exploring how women can access support
[00:46:52.320]to develop creative shared solutions.
[00:46:55.200]And we're working in two
[00:46:56.310]pretty drastically different ecosystems.
[00:46:58.320]So one, a highland forested system
[00:47:01.260]where there are really diverse primate species
[00:47:04.020]where there is a lot of vegetation and a lot of water.
[00:47:07.200]And then one lowland semi-arid to arid grassland Savannah
[00:47:12.570]and woodland system
[00:47:14.370]where people are also trying to produce for their families
[00:47:16.740]but facing much bigger issues of water scarcity
[00:47:20.160]though also sometimes flooding right
[00:47:21.990]to keep things challenging.
[00:47:23.670]But the cool thing
[00:47:24.503]is that these approaches are evolving in parallel.
[00:47:26.910]So the women are working together in their communities
[00:47:29.190]and with communities around them
[00:47:31.020]to come up with creative solutions
[00:47:32.790]and then sharing those between environments.
[00:47:36.540]And one example of a solution
[00:47:37.920]that they developed and have tested
[00:47:39.600]is enhanced poultry production.
[00:47:41.790]So three minutes. Okay, yes, I'm almost done.
[00:47:45.300]So they are vaccinating chickens locally
[00:47:47.850]and they opened a One Health store
[00:47:49.920]to allow women to be able to access products.
[00:47:53.160]And all of this is done iteratively
[00:47:55.230]in partnership with regional and district
[00:47:57.120]and village governments,
[00:47:58.170]as well as local extension systems
[00:48:00.030]to try to build the linkages you need
[00:48:02.340]to support long-term community-led initiatives.
[00:48:05.550]I also wanted for the audience here
[00:48:07.320]to point out some of the farming challenges they're facing.
[00:48:10.140]So they're dealing with questions of integrated crop
[00:48:13.590]and livestock production systems
[00:48:15.810]in everything from steep alpine environments to very dry.
[00:48:18.900]You can see the soil conditions on the right,
[00:48:21.900]very different than the ones on the left
[00:48:24.330]and growing things ranging from greens
[00:48:26.760]for food consumption immediately,
[00:48:28.800]to rice that they'll sell for cash crop
[00:48:31.740]as well as to support their home consumption.
[00:48:34.350]And it's based on iterative training and planning
[00:48:36.205]to meet local needs.
[00:48:38.010]But they do this through a One Health approach.
[00:48:39.870]So they do this through integrating aspects
[00:48:42.030]of community health, animal health and environmental health.
[00:48:46.560]And they're developing shared graphic materials
[00:48:48.570]to train each other
[00:48:49.890]that work for illiterate and semi literate audiences.
[00:48:53.070]And they're bringing in connections with school kids
[00:48:55.230]to understand One Health through art and storytelling.
[00:48:58.980]So I'm gonna stop there
[00:49:01.350]and say those are examples
[00:49:03.540]of Nebraska One Health in action in the state and beyond.
[00:49:07.350]And hopefully there's some interesting connections
[00:49:09.210]to the work that you do.
[00:49:10.470]But regardless, I wanted to thank you for your attention.
[00:49:13.590]Happy to answer questions.
[00:49:19.560]Questions.
[00:49:23.670]Yeah. Interesting presentation.
[00:49:25.174]Oh good. Thanks.
[00:49:26.723](person speaking indistinctly)
[00:49:33.300]Really interesting presentation.
[00:49:34.800]I wish more people were here to hear it.
[00:49:37.735](indistinct) But one
[00:49:38.568]of your first illustrations
[00:49:42.600]had a circle with plants.
[00:49:44.700]Yes (indistinct) And you gave
[00:49:49.234]and I envision a number of animal human interactions,
[00:49:53.700]but where do plants come into the picture?
[00:49:56.190]Are there examples of plants
[00:49:58.620]that have caused or transmitted, what'd you call 'em?
[00:50:04.683]Zoonotic pathogens? Zooonotic pathogens?
[00:50:06.224]Yeah, that is a really great question.
[00:50:08.910]I'm really glad you asked this.
[00:50:10.468]So we did put plant there.
[00:50:13.229]Part of that is aspirational, right?
[00:50:15.360]We know that we need to do a better job
[00:50:17.190]of drawing in the plant-based connections.
[00:50:20.039]So I had the chance to talk about the plant health program
[00:50:22.950]and overlap with One Health.
[00:50:24.597]And I think there are many ways
[00:50:26.100]that plants fit into the picture.
[00:50:27.930]So I think that there could be disease situations.
[00:50:30.600]I don't think it's categorized in the same way
[00:50:32.880]or I don't know enough about plant pathogens
[00:50:35.010]to know about direct sharing.
[00:50:38.280]My world is really the animal-human connection
[00:50:40.590]for pathogen sharing.
[00:50:42.030]But certainly we can acquire pathogens
[00:50:44.370]from the foods we eat.
[00:50:45.630]So in my previous research realm
[00:50:48.540]before I came to Nebraska,
[00:50:49.800]I was heavily engaged in studying a parasite
[00:50:52.080]called Toxoplasma Gandii.
[00:50:53.633]It's a protozoan parasite that has an environmental stage
[00:50:57.420]that is so hearty that it can survive in years,
[00:51:00.810]in soil and fresh water under the right conditions.
[00:51:03.480]And there's really strong evidence
[00:51:04.980]that it can be a foodborne pathogen.
[00:51:07.080]And one of the vehicles for that is on fresh produce.
[00:51:10.230]So whether we're thinking about berries like raspberries
[00:51:13.320]or acai berries or lettuces.
[00:51:16.290]So even if the plant isn't necessarily infected
[00:51:19.800]with a pathogen that's shared with people,
[00:51:22.350]it's certainly could be a link in the chain
[00:51:24.930]in that kind of way.
[00:51:26.640]I think there are also interesting ways
[00:51:29.100]to think about human relationships,
[00:51:30.810]like with the nutritional aspects of plants,
[00:51:33.240]with the medicinal aspects of plants.
[00:51:36.060]So there's really interesting work,
[00:51:37.722]of course globally on how we get our drug chains
[00:51:40.920]to treat other pathogens,
[00:51:42.858]but how people use plants throughout the world,
[00:51:46.050]both for themselves as well as their animals
[00:51:48.840]to be able to address parasitic and other challenges.
[00:51:52.440]And then of course I think there's the really close link
[00:51:55.440]with how we make decisions in our agricultural systems.
[00:51:59.100]And I think all of you are much more well versed than I am
[00:52:02.700]in many aspects of plant production.
[00:52:05.850]But being engaged with the AltEn Health Study
[00:52:10.080]was really one of my first windows
[00:52:12.060]into how people are using
[00:52:14.850]some of the neonicotinoid pesticides
[00:52:17.010]and to beginning to understand
[00:52:18.570]some of those impacts on people and animals.
[00:52:20.850]And so I think there might be the direct connection
[00:52:23.850]in some cases,
[00:52:25.020]but I think the broader,
[00:52:26.550]how do we decide what to grow and where
[00:52:29.370]and how do we care for it
[00:52:30.540]and what does that mean for a contact
[00:52:33.660]is a really exciting sphere of development
[00:52:36.240]for One Health too.
[00:52:39.360]Thanks there certainly are examples galore
[00:52:43.380]of plants that provide cures.
[00:52:46.950]Yes, absolutely. This is (crosstalk).
[00:52:49.890]Some of our best weapons
[00:52:52.560]against human diseases are plant-based.
[00:52:56.250]But I was curious if you had examples of plants
[00:53:03.000]providing other than as carriers,
[00:53:06.720]like the Romaine lettuce problem
[00:53:10.320]with E.coli and that type thing.
[00:53:11.259]Exactly yeah.
[00:53:13.958]And I don't think I have great examples
[00:53:17.010]that are beyond the foodborne carrier route,
[00:53:19.740]that's where I'm more familiar.
[00:53:20.940]But I think there's a lot of room for exploration
[00:53:23.430]and certainly like I said, that aspirational plant circle,
[00:53:27.000]that's an area that we know
[00:53:28.824]that we are not representing fully
[00:53:31.080]and we're very excited to build collaborations in.
[00:53:33.600]So if it resonates with you or others, please come in
[00:53:37.440]and tell us how we could expand One Health
[00:53:40.350]to do a better job of incorporating plants.
[00:53:45.990]I would add that I specialize in woody encroachment
[00:53:50.130]and the spread of eastern red cedar
[00:53:52.440]into Western grasslands has actually changed.
[00:53:55.350]It has provided habitat
[00:53:56.610]for tick species and mosquito species
[00:53:58.530]that previously couldn't exist there.
[00:54:00.390]So they've actually seen increased risk
[00:54:02.850]of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and West Nile virus
[00:54:06.480]with woody encroachment on the landscape.
[00:54:09.030]So an example of how plants have,
[00:54:13.440]one local example, I guess,
[00:54:14.760]of how plants have fit into that.
[00:54:17.790]That's a great example Dylan,
[00:54:19.290]and it's actually something that has come up repeatedly
[00:54:21.027]in the Nebraska Tick Network,
[00:54:22.461]is accounting for those changing systems
[00:54:25.350]and what that does to wildlife hosts
[00:54:26.577]and what that does to ticks and ticks survival
[00:54:28.740]with the microclimate differences.
[00:54:30.450]So I think that's a really great one too
[00:54:32.690]in thinking about plants in larger systems.
[00:54:38.209](person speaking indistinctly)
[00:54:41.103](person speaking indistinctly)
[00:54:41.936](person speaking indistinctly)
[00:54:43.170]Yeah, regarding that,
[00:54:46.500]I'm from Nepal
[00:54:47.637]and yeah, when we were working in health in Nepal,
[00:54:50.850]there was one of the disease it's called typhus,
[00:54:53.730]it was emerging in Nepal a lot.
[00:54:56.610]And the one when we were,
[00:54:58.510]not a research but during the field study
[00:55:00.570]we found out that not particularly for,
[00:55:04.230]but from the plants,
[00:55:05.063]especially when people do the harvesting,
[00:55:08.880]like digging the rice or they cut down
[00:55:11.520]and the (indistinct), they cut down the rice
[00:55:13.763]and the (indistinct) they soak it in the sun.
[00:55:16.140]So during that period of time, the tick mites
[00:55:18.510]were under that
[00:55:19.560]and people who used to go there, pick it off,
[00:55:22.290]they used to get a tick, it's called tick bite.
[00:55:24.810]And from there that transmission
[00:55:26.550]of the disease scrub typhus was happening.
[00:55:29.580]And a lot of people were all of a sudden,
[00:55:31.800]like we noticed a lot of feveral cases,
[00:55:37.250]a number of feveral cases during the surveillance
[00:55:41.138]and a lot of that's were happening in those cases.
[00:55:44.130]So when a full team went out there and to the study more
[00:55:48.807]and the details like what is happening?
[00:55:50.850]So we found out, okay, this is the scrub typhus
[00:55:52.860]and how are they getting the scrub typhus?
[00:55:54.810]That's when we found, okay, this is the reason,
[00:55:56.580]especially in the mountain parts of the Nepal
[00:56:00.857]in the eastern, sorry, western mountain parts of the Nepal.
[00:56:05.550]Yeah, I think that's a great example as well.
[00:56:06.890]And I think it really highlights
[00:56:08.850]how having somebody who understands
[00:56:10.620]the agricultural production side
[00:56:12.390]is so valuable to understanding the disease process, right?
[00:56:15.450]Because you might miss that
[00:56:16.920]with just a public health practitioner.
[00:56:19.080]And so like I think what has really coming to me
[00:56:21.570]is highlighting the value
[00:56:24.072]of these questions that you ask
[00:56:26.310]and the ways that you answer them
[00:56:27.840]with these broad interdisciplinary One Health teams.
[00:56:31.920]That's a beautiful example.
[00:56:34.380]Are there some internet questions?
[00:56:35.259]Yeah. Okay, (crosstalk).
[00:56:37.590]How can One Health education and awareness programs
[00:56:40.320]be effectively implemented to engage ag producers
[00:56:43.290]and promote a better understanding
[00:56:44.520]of these interconnected health issues?
[00:56:46.860]Also, how could agronomy folks
[00:56:48.570]collaborate in the One health program?
[00:56:51.060]Okay, well I think there are a lot of examples actually.
[00:56:54.150]You all raised many examples of how One Health
[00:56:56.760]could incorporate more broadly agronomy and horticulture.
[00:57:00.480]I think that was the first part of the question.
[00:57:02.190]Feel free to let me know if I miss anything.
[00:57:04.280]But I think there are a lot of examples
[00:57:06.780]where we artificially isolate pieces of our world.
[00:57:10.110]Even if we're talking about something like COVID-19,
[00:57:12.750]if we dig deeper,
[00:57:13.680]we can see the connections even to local food systems.
[00:57:16.800]You could think about during the pandemic
[00:57:19.230]how much discussion there was
[00:57:20.260]of local food supply and home gardening
[00:57:23.040]and different aspects of production
[00:57:25.890]that is well beyond the range of any epidemiologists
[00:57:28.770]to deal with, right?
[00:57:29.603]We can look for risk factors of disease transmission,
[00:57:31.241]but without having people
[00:57:33.270]who understand that aspect on the team,
[00:57:35.529]you lose the insight into other solutions.
[00:57:38.326]You lose the ability to understand
[00:57:40.860]forces that caused the pandemic too, right?
[00:57:43.410]And so there's so much discussion
[00:57:45.270]about changing systems and disease spillover
[00:57:48.180]and with the scrub typhus example
[00:57:50.520]with the example of Coronaviruses
[00:57:53.700]and then the questions of what we're losing, globally
[00:57:56.580]with our knowledge of plant systems changing
[00:57:58.620]or biodiversity being reduced.
[00:57:59.849]So I think there's a role very broadly
[00:58:02.917]and I think it probably looks different in different places,
[00:58:05.805]but as for being involved in One Health teams in Nebraska,
[00:58:09.270]I think that was the second part of the question.
[00:58:11.640]That's very easy,
[00:58:12.750]if you see a place where you need One Health support
[00:58:15.960]or you see an existing project
[00:58:17.880]where you're like, "Wow, you would really benefit
[00:58:19.620]from the views of my background,"
[00:58:22.170]which I'm sure is true in incredible number of cases,
[00:58:25.201]you can just reach out to me
[00:58:27.090]or the Nebraska One Health Program,
[00:58:28.860]we're happy to talk.
[00:58:30.510]We like to keep expanding our teams.
[00:58:33.120]And so the Nebraska Tick Network is one example
[00:58:36.283]of a thematic One Health working group.
[00:58:39.300]There could be one on agricultural connections
[00:58:42.420]or some other specific aspect
[00:58:44.910]that is driven by agronomy and horticulture interest.
[00:58:48.840]So our goal really is just to facilitate,
[00:58:51.630]to build the framework
[00:58:53.460]for these interdisciplinary approaches to happen
[00:58:55.590]and to make it easier and to bring to life examples
[00:58:59.250]of how we can understand the interconnection.
[00:59:05.700]One more question online I think is all we have time for.
[00:59:08.244]You've concentrated on disease and pathogens.
[00:59:11.700]Who are your nutrition partners
[00:59:13.020]for the health and chronic diseases such as obesity?
[00:59:16.290]And is this an area you guys hope to expand on?
[00:59:18.930]That's a great question too.
[00:59:20.580]So I did include obesity as an example.
[00:59:24.120]We're not actively in the Nebraska One Health program
[00:59:27.000]working on obesity.
[00:59:29.040]I would say that for the nutrition side,
[00:59:31.170]probably the most relevant project I can think of
[00:59:34.020]is the Rwanda one.
[00:59:35.700]I gave the example of child stunting
[00:59:38.070]and so there we've been working with partners
[00:59:40.200]in Child Youth and Family Studies at UNL.
[00:59:44.100]Helen Raikes before she retired was a key collaborator.
[00:59:47.310]She still is a key collaborator.
[00:59:48.630]She's just technically an emeritus professor now.
[00:59:51.420]We had graduate students
[00:59:52.412]from the Child Youth and Family Studies Department
[00:59:54.930]and then we've been working really closely at UNMC
[00:59:58.020]with Abbie Raikes in the College of Public Health,
[01:00:00.780]who is bringing in the child cognitive development lens,
[01:00:04.590]as well as nutritional connections there.
[01:00:06.870]And then we have nutritional collaborators
[01:00:08.820]on the university side in Rwanda as well.
[01:00:11.760]And so that is,
[01:00:13.020]I think, our current nutrition example project.
[01:00:17.130]But if there is an interest in infectious or non-infectious
[01:00:20.520]like chronic diseases or nutritional aspects,
[01:00:23.100]I think it's just the spark.
[01:00:24.750]And then we're happy
[01:00:26.040]to help develop One Health discussions around that.
[01:00:31.580](indistinct) Great. Sure. Yeah.
[01:00:32.910]Well if anything to interest let me know.
[01:00:34.169](audience applauding)

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One Health: Linking Human, Animal, Plant, and Ecosystem Health in Nebraska and Beyond

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