Palmer Amaranth Identification During Flowering
Amy Timmerman, Extension Educator
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09/14/2023
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Description
This is a great time of year to scout for Palmer Amaranth in crop fields.
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- [00:00:00.000]This is Amy Timmerman with Nebraska Extension.
- [00:00:03.642]This is a great time of year to scout for Palmer Amaranth in crop fields.
- [00:00:07.692]While Palmer Amaranth has be identified in several Nebraska counties
- [00:00:11.292]and new identifications have slowed since the wide spread
- [00:00:15.062]introduction on non-crop areas since 2016.
- [00:00:18.522]However, new Palmer Amaranth introduction are still being found in Nebraska fields.
- [00:00:23.228]Highlighting the importance for farmers and agribusiness
- [00:00:25.918]professionals to remain vigilant in scouting for these species.
- [00:00:30.077]A native of the American southwest, Palmer Amaranth is more competitive
- [00:00:34.248]than Common Waterhemp, a pigweed native to Nebraska.
- [00:00:38.248]Both species are known for prolonged emergence, fast
- [00:00:41.468]development of herbicide resistance, and prolific seed production where
- [00:00:46.101]plants can produce greater than 500,000 seeds per plant.
- [00:00:50.798]Palmer Amaranth was added to Nebraska's Noxious Invasive species
- [00:00:54.908]program, highlighting it's potential threat to Nebraska agriculture.
- [00:00:59.328]Early identification is key to eradicating this weed from fields.
- [00:01:03.328]Eradication can not happen without vigilance, early detection, and an
- [00:01:07.758]appropriate response soon after it invades an area.
- [00:01:11.188]Palmer Amaranth should be starting to flower, making it
- [00:01:14.108]much easier to distinguish it from Waterhemp.
- [00:01:17.848]In addition to fields where Palmer Amarath was found previously,
- [00:01:21.448]other priority areas to scout include farms that use feed and bedding
- [00:01:25.018]from southern states, fields receiving manure from those farms, and farms
- [00:01:30.208]where out of state equipment or been used in fields with previous
- [00:01:34.535]history of Palmer Amaranth has been has been used.
- [00:01:37.188]Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp lack hair on stems and leaves.
- [00:01:41.716]While other Common Amaranth and Pigweed species have hair on stems or leaves.
- [00:01:47.146]Early in the growing season, Palmer Amaranth
- [00:01:49.686]is difficult to differentiate from Waterhemp
- [00:01:52.521]due to the high variability in both species.
- [00:01:55.511]The most reliable vegetative trait to differentiate Waterhemp and
- [00:01:59.861]Palmer Amaranth is that some but not all Palmer Amaranth leaves
- [00:02:04.531]have a petiole longer than the leaf blade.
- [00:02:07.451]Leaves on Palmer Amaranth are often clustered tightly at the top of the plant
- [00:02:11.946]and Palmer Amaranth often has a denser canopy than Waterhemp.
- [00:02:16.469]Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp produce male and female flowers on separate plants.
- [00:02:22.319]Identifying males from females should be simple due to the small black seed produced
- [00:02:27.359]by female flowers and the presence of pollen on male plants.
- [00:02:31.249]Female Palmer Amaranth are easy to distinguish from Waterhemp
- [00:02:35.399]due to the long sharp brackets surrounding the flowers.
- [00:02:39.459]If you discover this weed, steps should be taken to
- [00:02:42.424]remove all female plants to prevent seed production.
- [00:02:45.719]Continued vigilance is imperative to slow the speed in which
- [00:02:49.719]Palmer Ameranth invades our state.
- [00:02:52.259]If you are questioning your identification of Palmer Ameranth, reach out to your
- [00:02:56.179]local extension educator for assistance.
- [00:02:58.880]This has been Amy Timmerman with Nebraska Extension.
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