Plant to Table: Taylor Keen
Taylor Keen
Author
04/28/2023
Added
24
Plays
Description
"Sacred Seed: Indigenous Environmentalism and Living Red in the Postcolonial Era"
Taylor Keen’s historical journey with Indigenous seed keeping has led him to understand some of the ancient tenets of Indigenous agricultural lifeways and Indigenous environmentalism. In this talk, Keen investigates new Indigenous philosophical theories of “Living Red” in today’s turbulent times. Keen is a full-time instructor at Creighton University and holds a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College as well as a Master of Business Administration and Master of Public Administration from Harvard University, where he served as a Fellow in the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development. Keen is the author of the manuscript Rediscovering America: Sacred Geography, the Ancient Earthen Works and an Indigenous History of Turtle Island. Keen carries the name “Bison Mane” of the Earthen Bison Clan of the Omaha Tribe, The People Who Move Against the Current. Taylor Keen is the founder of Sacred Seed, which educates and celebrates Indigenous agricultural lifeways.
Part of the 2023 Great Plains Conference.
Searchable Transcript
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- [00:00:00.210]Well, welcome everybody.
- [00:00:01.500]We're really delighted to see you all.
- [00:00:03.510]This is our 48th annual conference
- [00:00:06.960]from the Center for Great Plain Studies.
- [00:00:10.020]My name's Margaret Jacobs, I'm the director of the Center.
- [00:00:13.830]And before we get started,
- [00:00:15.750]if we have a couple housekeeping things.
- [00:00:18.549]So if any of you need to use the restroom tonight,
- [00:00:20.910]it's downstairs on the lower level
- [00:00:22.740]and there's an elevator and stairs.
- [00:00:26.280]If any of you have questions,
- [00:00:29.310]need help with anything tonight
- [00:00:31.590]or during the next couple days of the conference,
- [00:00:35.640]you can find people with these blue lanyards on.
- [00:00:40.350]Probably, I would recommend
- [00:00:42.780]other people with blue lanyards than me.
- [00:00:45.567]I just get up here and talk,
- [00:00:47.730]but I don't really know much about like the logistics.
- [00:00:50.820]But other people with Blue Lanyards
- [00:00:52.530]know a lot about logistics.
- [00:00:56.010]Speaking of which,
- [00:00:56.940]I wanna thank a lot of people tonight and some of them are
- [00:01:01.020]our incredible staff people at the center who've
- [00:01:05.100]been working over a year on this program.
- [00:01:08.700]And that includes Katie Nieland,
- [00:01:10.500]who's our associate director.
- [00:01:12.510]She's back there.
- [00:01:14.040]She designed the beautiful program for the conference.
- [00:01:17.880]Alison Cloet, who's back there.
- [00:01:20.340]And Alison has been like,
- [00:01:24.540]she's ordering catering,
- [00:01:26.010]she's working with our incredible chef, Anthony Warrior.
- [00:01:29.130]She's done so much work behind the scenes.
- [00:01:31.350]She's helped all of our keynote speakers
- [00:01:33.750]find accommodations and things like that.
- [00:01:36.120]Ashley Wilkinson, our museum curator,
- [00:01:39.480]Sarah Giles, Melissa Amaties,
- [00:01:42.537]who are both of whom working
- [00:01:44.190]at the registration table.
- [00:01:46.860]We just have this incredible team here
- [00:01:48.480]and I'm very grateful to everybody.
- [00:01:51.360]We also have an incredible program committee
- [00:01:54.090]who conceptualized this program again over a year ago,
- [00:01:58.620]and they're in your program,
- [00:02:00.660]but I want to recognize them here.
- [00:02:03.150]Andrea Basche, Jeanette Gabriel, Ted Hamann, Larkin Powell,
- [00:02:09.030]whom I know, there is Larkin,
- [00:02:10.860]David Vail, and Athena Ramos,
- [00:02:15.840]our incredible program committee.
- [00:02:17.610]And they're from UNL, UNK, UNO, and UNMC,
- [00:02:22.290]all four of our campuses.
- [00:02:28.590]I also wanna thank our sponsors.
- [00:02:31.410]Rather than read them all though,
- [00:02:32.910]they're all on the back of your program.
- [00:02:35.970]We have quite a few people from the university who've been
- [00:02:39.180]supporting us and from the community as well.
- [00:02:44.963]I also wanna start by acknowledging that
- [00:02:46.860]the Center for Great Plains Studies,
- [00:02:48.930]which is a part of the University of Nebraska,
- [00:02:51.690]is a land grant institution with campuses and programs
- [00:02:55.860]on the past, present, and future homelands
- [00:02:58.110]of the Pawnee, Ponca, Oto-Missoura, Omaha, Dakota,
- [00:03:03.060]Lakota, Kashia and Arapaho Peoples.
- [00:03:06.480]As well as those of the relocated
- [00:03:08.280]Ho-Chunk, Sac and Fox and Iowa peoples.
- [00:03:12.240]The land we currently call Nebraska has always been
- [00:03:15.810]and will continue to be an indigenous homeland.
- [00:03:19.620]So we ask that you take a moment to consider the legacies
- [00:03:22.530]of more than 150 years
- [00:03:24.180]of displacement, violence, settlement, survival,
- [00:03:28.650]persistence, and perseverance that bring us here today.
- [00:03:32.910]This acknowledgement is just to start as we move forward.
- [00:03:39.690]So tonight we are delighted to have with us, Taylor Keen
- [00:03:45.000]to kick off our Plant to Table conference.
- [00:03:48.270]Taylor Keen is a full-time instructor
- [00:03:50.820]at Creighton University.
- [00:03:52.500]He holds a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College
- [00:03:55.860]as well as a Master of Business Administration
- [00:03:58.230]and Master of Public Administration from Harvard University.
- [00:04:02.880]Where he served as a fellow in the Harvard Project
- [00:04:05.640]on American Indian Economic Development.
- [00:04:08.730]Taylor Keen is the author of the manuscript
- [00:04:11.220]and soon to be book,
- [00:04:13.635]I don't know if you have the same title,
- [00:04:15.360]but the title we used to have is "Rediscovering America:
- [00:04:18.540]Sacred Geography, the Ancient Earthen Works,
- [00:04:21.600]and an Indigenous History of Church Island."
- [00:04:24.930]Taylor Keen carries the name
- [00:04:25.956]Bison Mane of the Earth and Bison Clan of the Omaha Tribe,
- [00:04:31.620]the people who move against the current.
- [00:04:34.890]And Taylor Keen is also the founder of Sacred Seed,
- [00:04:38.370]which educates and celebrates
- [00:04:40.260]indigenous agricultural lifeways.
- [00:04:42.390]And I'm sure he is gonna tell us more about that.
- [00:04:45.253]So thank you so much for being here Taylor,
- [00:04:46.710]and welcome, and welcome, everybody.
- [00:04:49.453](audience applauds)
- [00:04:56.449](Taylor speaks Siouan)
- [00:05:07.350]So, that's the translation.
- [00:05:10.260]My mother is member of the Omaha Tribe
- [00:05:14.040]and my father's side is Cherokee
- [00:05:17.760]and that's gonna be a part of my story here tonight.
- [00:05:20.250]I'd like to begin by saying thanks
- [00:05:23.850]to everyone involved in the Plant to Table conference.
- [00:05:27.120]Margaret, thank you always.
- [00:05:28.770]Your pen is mightier than a sword.
- [00:05:31.920]Special thanks to Alison
- [00:05:33.270]for putting all this work together.
- [00:05:37.290]Thank you for having me here today,
- [00:05:39.300]and want to thank the most important person in my life
- [00:05:43.320]and my muse.
- [00:05:44.280]And the reason that I get to stand here today
- [00:05:46.920]is my wife Jennifer.
- [00:05:49.506]Give a wave there for us.
- [00:05:51.482](audience applauds) Thank you.
- [00:05:55.560]So I wanted to go through,
- [00:05:58.175]this presentation is a little bit of part of what I went
- [00:06:03.300]through when I was the keynote here
- [00:06:05.070]at the Mari Sandos Society,
- [00:06:09.330]but I've added in some stuff around Sacred Seed
- [00:06:11.700]and where my mind is heading
- [00:06:15.120]after getting my book published.
- [00:06:18.600]So I wanted to start with some beginnings.
- [00:06:22.620]I'm gonna get to the beginning before the beginnings
- [00:06:26.100]later on in the presentation.
- [00:06:28.740]But this is
- [00:06:33.060]Dr. Deward Walker,
- [00:06:34.800]and Dr. Walker is a lifelong friend and mentor of mine
- [00:06:40.380]and the chair emeritus of anthropology at CU Boulder.
- [00:06:45.120]And now about 20 years ago is when this journey
- [00:06:50.610]for Sacred Seed began,
- [00:06:54.584]and Dewards one of the good guys in anthropology,
- [00:06:58.800]meaning he was not a collector,
- [00:07:00.480]he didn't think that he was smarter
- [00:07:02.040]than in the indigenous peoples that he studied,
- [00:07:05.250]and spent his life in career advocating
- [00:07:08.130]for indigenous rights
- [00:07:10.140]around American Indian religious freedom
- [00:07:12.930]and impetus for my interest in sacred geography.
- [00:07:17.640]But most importantly,
- [00:07:19.770]Deward is famous for kicking me in the pants
- [00:07:22.620]whenever I need it.
- [00:07:24.330]And still to this day, very fortunate to still have him.
- [00:07:29.340]My phone will ring as it did 20 years ago.
- [00:07:32.640]And at that time, Deward's big.
- [00:07:38.100]Even in his late eighties he's you know
- [00:07:40.740]six foot six and broad shouldered and muscular
- [00:07:45.360]and big booming voice.
- [00:07:46.560]And he called me up and he said, "Young man!"
- [00:07:50.400]That's how he talks to me.
- [00:07:52.357]"Young man, what are you doing to protect your corn?"
- [00:07:57.420]And I said, "Do what, Deward?"
- [00:08:01.050]He said, "Your corn, your tribal corn!"
- [00:08:04.140]And what he was alluding to was
- [00:08:06.360]the intellectual property battle that was happening
- [00:08:09.690]in the country of India with a lot
- [00:08:11.760]of the big ad seed companies.
- [00:08:14.940]Was happening with Monsanto
- [00:08:16.680]and Syngenta and some of the others and how they displaced,
- [00:08:21.570]in essence the indigenous farmers and seeds in India
- [00:08:24.720]away from their traditional ag lifeways.
- [00:08:28.830]And his prediction at the time or worry was that the tribes
- [00:08:35.970]in North America were gonna be next.
- [00:08:38.580]And he went on to explain to me this battle over seed
- [00:08:42.900]and agriculture in the United States
- [00:08:45.510]and how it goes back to the '20s submitted
- [00:08:48.360]by the Reagan administration in the '80s
- [00:08:51.630]which in essence had all to the point
- [00:08:54.390]that as some of you may know,
- [00:08:56.790]it was illegal for individuals like us to trade seeds
- [00:08:59.970]up until about 10 years ago here in the state of Nebraska.
- [00:09:04.530]And that there was a lot of intellectual property protection
- [00:09:10.080]happening on behalf of big Ag to the detriment of the
- [00:09:14.790]multiplicity of seeds and of course indigenous heirloom
- [00:09:18.750]varieties and traditional indigenous ag lifeways.
- [00:09:24.090]And so he planted the seed as it were with me that
- [00:09:28.590]this was such an important issue.
- [00:09:31.740]And now, 15 years ago, my father's side is Cherokee.
- [00:09:36.750]I grew up in Quapaw Oklahoma
- [00:09:42.930]and had the honor of serving
- [00:09:45.668]on our Cherokee National Council.
- [00:09:47.700]And during one of the resource committee meetings,
- [00:09:52.770]Dr. Pat Gwen you see here is our,
- [00:09:56.844]he's the head of our ad programs
- [00:09:58.440]and all things Cherokee ethno body as our leader.
- [00:10:03.660]And he was given a presentation to our natural resource
- [00:10:07.140]committee and he showed this picture
- [00:10:11.130]of the Seed Bank in Svalbard, Norway.
- [00:10:14.940]And he went on to explain that it was a tremendous effort.
- [00:10:20.190]It was very important that at Svalbard they were collecting
- [00:10:24.750]all these seeds from all around the world
- [00:10:26.760]for the preservation of humanity.
- [00:10:30.960]And I thought that was pretty interesting.
- [00:10:35.010]And then of course Deward's words came back to haunt me.
- [00:10:38.247]And I raised my hand and said,
- [00:10:39.960]Pat is all these big seed companies,
- [00:10:43.200]do they have our Cherokee seeds?
- [00:10:46.080]And he looked at me and he nodded and he says, yeah,
- [00:10:48.720]they probably do.
- [00:10:50.520]And I was mad.
- [00:10:52.020]I said, well what are we gonna do about it?
- [00:10:54.510]And he just kind of smiled and with some strong Cherokee
- [00:10:58.957]wisdom that had been infused to him by his elders council.
- [00:11:02.880]And he just smiled and says,
- [00:11:04.560]it doesn't matter what they do with it,
- [00:11:06.960]what matters is that we as indigenous peoples embrace
- [00:11:11.340]our traditional ag life ways.
- [00:11:14.370]And that was another kick in the pants.
- [00:11:16.440]And I decided that I would start on this journey.
- [00:11:19.900]And so when I first began,
- [00:11:23.880]I got, you're allowed as a Cherokee citizen,
- [00:11:27.570]to have two seed packets
- [00:11:29.010]and I got some Cherokee white flour corn
- [00:11:33.030]and trail of tear beans.
- [00:11:34.620]I had to borrow some heirloom seeds,
- [00:11:40.650]not indigenous heirloom seeds from the seed bank
- [00:11:44.240]up in Benson there in Omaha that my dear friend
- [00:11:48.030]Betsy Goodman helped get started
- [00:11:50.760]and had some beautiful butter nuts.
- [00:11:52.470]And this was the first little plot
- [00:11:54.180]that I had and I had never experienced anything like it.
- [00:11:57.570]And I fell in love, watched everything grow.
- [00:12:02.040]And anyone who's messed around with a little bit of planting
- [00:12:05.916]it was the first time that you
- [00:12:07.980]till the earth just a little bit.
- [00:12:09.630]And all the nitrogen is released
- [00:12:11.610]and they were very, very healthy plants.
- [00:12:16.170]And within a couple of few years,
- [00:12:19.443]this is what my backyard turned into.
- [00:12:23.070]And this was taken from the second story
- [00:12:26.440]my of my former home in Dundee.
- [00:12:29.970]And I had worked together with some dear friends
- [00:12:33.840]from Omaha permaculture,
- [00:12:37.200]which I have learned that many of those
- [00:12:40.323]regeneratives ag methodologies come from indigenous peoples.
- [00:12:45.240]But I really enjoyed working with my friends
- [00:12:48.810]and we planted all this and you can see
- [00:12:51.060]it was quite astounding to transform my little backyard.
- [00:12:55.140]Next thing I know,
- [00:12:55.973]there were TV stations and newspapers
- [00:12:58.380]and podcasts and all sorts of things to be in my future.
- [00:13:03.750]And more importantly it changed me.
- [00:13:07.320]And it has helped to heal me.
- [00:13:12.436]And it was such a powerful experience.
- [00:13:15.840]One little thing to notice here that
- [00:13:17.940]was from the second floor,
- [00:13:19.800]and it's kind of hard to see, you can see a telephone line,
- [00:13:23.820]power line and 12 feet and the sunflowers went above them
- [00:13:27.420]before they turned and went down.
- [00:13:29.730]So, and when you do something like this,
- [00:13:33.900]you quit growing a lawn in your backyard
- [00:13:37.320]and start growing crops and food and herbs and medicine,
- [00:13:42.930]it changes everything and all sorts of things came to visit
- [00:13:46.620]my backyard, pollinators and spiders and grandmother
- [00:13:51.600]snake and all, all sorts of powerful things.
- [00:13:55.020]Such an incredible transformation in my life.
- [00:13:58.620]Probably the most beautiful thing I've ever produced
- [00:14:03.600]was working with these plants.
- [00:14:07.050]And along the way I got to come across
- [00:14:09.360]some super interesting things.
- [00:14:12.660]I had the pleasure of visiting with
- [00:14:15.540]my Shawnee/Mvskoke Creek brother Anthony today,
- [00:14:20.519]and was talking about one of the groups that
- [00:14:22.770]I got involved with called,
- [00:14:24.120]Braiding the Sacred and a whole bunch
- [00:14:27.870]of indigenous seat keepers, Angela Ferguson from Onondaga.
- [00:14:34.410]And there were some Osage members,
- [00:14:36.060]there was a whole bunch of people.
- [00:14:38.282]And we got together at a little conference
- [00:14:39.780]down in Osage country in Pasco, Oklahoma.
- [00:14:44.280]And one of the things that we were celebrating
- [00:14:47.430]was that that organization had inherited
- [00:14:51.180]the collection of Carl Barnes,
- [00:14:52.860]who was a Cherokee gentleman who had collected seeds.
- [00:14:55.883]So over the course of his 85 years we estimated,
- [00:15:00.870]cause I saw the collection of my own eyes
- [00:15:03.240]and watched them begin to count,
- [00:15:05.040]but somewhere between 1,000 and 1,500 hundred varieties
- [00:15:08.220]of indigenous seeds from all over North and South America.
- [00:15:12.150]And he had kept them in little mason jars
- [00:15:14.640]in his little podunk house out in the panhandle of Oklahoma.
- [00:15:19.950]And he was wise enough to know before his passing
- [00:15:22.980]to separate them into thirds.
- [00:15:25.680]And they went with very responsible people
- [00:15:27.327]and all three of them brought them
- [00:15:29.820]back to Braiding the Sacred.
- [00:15:31.560]And the whole purpose of Braiding the Sacred,
- [00:15:34.800]was to return indigenous heirloom seeds
- [00:15:38.040]to the indigenous peoples that were stewards
- [00:15:41.010]of them for a long time.
- [00:15:43.991]And I had been trying to find seeds for my mother's tribe,
- [00:15:50.040]the Omahas, for some time.
- [00:15:51.690]And that's become the primary work of Sacred Seed
- [00:15:55.800]here in (speaks Siouan).
- [00:15:58.266]That's our word for the Platte River.
- [00:16:01.560]It's flat water.
- [00:16:04.170]And it was a little more difficult.
- [00:16:07.440]Cherokees had everything under control, lots of efforts,
- [00:16:10.566]lots of good work, lots of people.
- [00:16:14.460]And Omaha's not so much at the time.
- [00:16:17.400]So I decided I would put my efforts there.
- [00:16:20.100]And through Braiding the Sacred
- [00:16:21.540]and the collection of Carl Barnes,
- [00:16:24.480]I had been looking for a variety of corn
- [00:16:30.150]called an Omaha Rainbow Flint.
- [00:16:32.070]And lo and behold, when we looked and really looked
- [00:16:34.950]even closer, we found that there was half
- [00:16:37.980]of the ear of this Omaha rainbow flint.
- [00:16:42.270]And they graciously turned it back over to me.
- [00:16:45.660]And that's the plants that I'm standing next to here.
- [00:16:49.140]I'm just a little under six foot,
- [00:16:50.880]I like to say six foot three so I'm a little under,
- [00:16:53.610]but you can see those tassels are at 13, almost 14 feet.
- [00:17:00.390]And this was one of those years.
- [00:17:01.860]Anyone who's planted corn knows that it's tough.
- [00:17:06.240]Somewhere in June, July we get a big wind
- [00:17:09.951]and knocks down a bunch of it.
- [00:17:10.860]Doesn't hold in the sunflowers, I'll get to that.
- [00:17:13.890]But these varieties made it with probably
- [00:17:18.982]at least a 90% germination rate and nearly all of those made
- [00:17:24.360]it to maturation, which I had never seen before.
- [00:17:26.970]Had a huge bear gated foot and really
- [00:17:30.990]cemented these corn plants,
- [00:17:35.400]mother corn into something that was really made for this,
- [00:17:40.200]for this land here.
- [00:17:42.060]And it came out a couple of colors white
- [00:17:46.980]and sort of an aubergine purple,
- [00:17:50.490]but it's really a blue corn.
- [00:17:53.460]I call them wampum on behalf of my Cherokee side.
- [00:17:57.210]Really much a part of our cultural legacy
- [00:18:01.760]of our wampum belts.
- [00:18:03.930]But the other color was very important to the Omahas
- [00:18:06.985]and that is a red corn.
- [00:18:09.390]And my clan is the earth of Bison clan.
- [00:18:13.680]We're the keepers of the sacred red corn.
- [00:18:16.620]We have taboos around them that not even supposed to touch
- [00:18:20.610]them and people have a hard time understanding them,
- [00:18:23.370]but who better to protect something than someone
- [00:18:26.070]who can't eat it or even touch it?
- [00:18:28.950]And sure enough,
- [00:18:30.360]some new seeds turned out to be red
- [00:18:32.580]and it's kind of hard to see them here a little bit,
- [00:18:35.670]but I called them ruby red translucent in their appearance.
- [00:18:41.310]And this is when the ear
- [00:18:43.540]was wet and you could really see almost
- [00:18:46.980]right through them and a beautiful ear of corn.
- [00:18:50.550]And when you grows that this is what we're looking for.
- [00:18:52.860]Very uniform, lots of kernels, plenty of rows,
- [00:18:58.470]and very symmetrical.
- [00:19:00.990]And so with that,
- [00:19:02.520]I became the keeper of the sacred Red Horn
- [00:19:05.820]for the Omaha people.
- [00:19:07.050]And it's a title and an honor
- [00:19:09.840]that I'm very proud to continue.
- [00:19:10.754]As I move along
- [00:19:15.125]in with the journey of Scared Seed.
- [00:19:18.570]I would be remiss if I didn't bring up all my dear friends
- [00:19:23.790]at the Land Institute down in Salina, Kansas.
- [00:19:28.170]And in particular Dr. Aubrey will be speaking tomorrow
- [00:19:35.340]and Aubrey was instrumental in helping forge a relationship
- [00:19:40.830]between Sacred Seed and the Land Institute.
- [00:19:44.400]And I first became acquainted with them,
- [00:19:48.150]with their founder Wes Jackson.
- [00:19:52.410]And as I began this journey around Sacred Seed.
- [00:19:54.460]I got to visit with him. He really encouraged me.
- [00:19:58.920]And it wasn't too long after I figured out the real work
- [00:20:02.700]of the Land Institute,
- [00:20:04.710]which in many senses involves
- [00:20:07.800]genetic modification of plants.
- [00:20:10.110]And I've been a thorn in their side for over four years now
- [00:20:14.910]trying to convince them that the multiplicity of seeds
- [00:20:18.840]and indigenous ag lifeways are the important part
- [00:20:22.413]'cause a lot of people listen to them
- [00:20:24.293]they're a research farm.
- [00:20:26.010]And after giving them a keynote there,
- [00:20:31.224]I was able to gift them the chief scientist, Dr. Tim Cruz,
- [00:20:38.462]some of the Four Sisters that we have here for four years.
- [00:20:42.990]They've planted them down there.
- [00:20:45.720]And so we get to some of the information around my book,
- [00:20:49.110]Fibonacci Spirals or Everything,
- [00:20:51.390]and Intelligent Design by the Creator.
- [00:20:58.737]And so we, that's how we planted our corn that year.
- [00:21:01.560]Super fun.
- [00:21:03.150]Some guy in some crane took this picture
- [00:21:05.520]cause I don't know how
- [00:21:07.050]took a bit a of um to get it,
- [00:21:08.967]but all of the technicians and interns,
- [00:21:13.170]all the younger people paid attention.
- [00:21:15.420]Older scientists, not so much,
- [00:21:18.330]but we had a wonderful time.
- [00:21:22.110]Also an influence on my journey with Sacred Seed.
- [00:21:26.070]If you have not read "Braiding Sweetgrass," you need to.
- [00:21:30.300]it is a powerful piece.
- [00:21:33.000]And four or five years ago I was at a conference in Chicago
- [00:21:39.060]for the Center for Humans in Nature and was given a talk
- [00:21:42.030]and I got the honor to present alongside
- [00:21:46.140]Dr. Robin Wall Kimmerer from the Potawatomis in Oklahoma.
- [00:21:53.550]And behind us is a Tree of Life. It's a bur oak,
- [00:21:58.007]it's a very special place.
- [00:22:00.521]It's a place of indigenous sacred geography.
- [00:22:02.790]And there was a mound there.
- [00:22:06.061]And it's in essence what my book
- [00:22:08.220]which I'm getting published is about
- [00:22:11.702]and got a chance to be with one of my heroes there.
- [00:22:16.200]And if you haven't read "Braiding Sweetgrass,"
- [00:22:21.300]there's a little vignette.
- [00:22:22.950]And when I first got Sacred Seed going,
- [00:22:27.570]my chair and my department at Create University
- [00:22:30.150]at the Heider College of Business
- [00:22:32.430]encouraged me to put together a seminar and I did,
- [00:22:35.400]came around Sacred Seed and the economics of Sacred Seeds.
- [00:22:40.230]And in true academic fashion we had a literary review
- [00:22:45.090]in one of the books that we read was "Braiding Sweetgrass."
- [00:22:48.960]And at a certain point in that,
- [00:22:50.622]in that work she had described on a trip to South America
- [00:22:57.510]and a dream that she had about visiting
- [00:22:59.520]one of the markets there.
- [00:23:01.770]And in her dream she was going to the market
- [00:23:04.680]like the farmer's market and there were
- [00:23:07.001]all these indigenous people there
- [00:23:09.157]and she had money and she was trying to buy stuff from them.
- [00:23:14.160]And they said, no, your money's no good.
- [00:23:17.550]And so she developed this whole notion that my students
- [00:23:20.580]really grabbed hold of and made sure
- [00:23:25.050]that I imparted that into Sacred Seed.
- [00:23:28.530]And that's where the name comes from, Sacred Seeds,
- [00:23:32.100]is that there should be no money around sacred things.
- [00:23:35.250]They should be protected and gifted with honor.
- [00:23:39.150]And I feel it's my job as the founder of Sacred Seed
- [00:23:43.530]to share these types of wisdom,
- [00:23:45.780]understand the cosmology and the importance
- [00:23:48.090]of the sacredness.
- [00:23:50.400]And so after that, as we began to look at you know,
- [00:23:55.483]I'm a business professor,
- [00:23:56.580]so we were looking at big grants and bigger farms
- [00:23:59.910]and all sorts of stuff.
- [00:24:01.920]And the students really imparted on me
- [00:24:05.430]that we needed to continue the work.
- [00:24:08.370]And they refer to it as work with the capital W,
- [00:24:12.930]meaning that we till everything by hand
- [00:24:15.930]and we go through as much as possible with you know
- [00:24:19.290]keep it in mind our traditional ag lifeways.
- [00:24:22.380]And this is from one of those plots, the elders told me,
- [00:24:27.390]sing to the corn my tribe,
- [00:24:29.190]and I went to my clan leaders
- [00:24:32.850]and asked them for permission to do this work.
- [00:24:35.970]And that's what they told me, they said sing,
- [00:24:38.670]sing to the seed, sing to the corn.
- [00:24:41.640]And so every spring I do,
- [00:24:45.330]and throughout the summer I'll go wherever
- [00:24:48.690]those Sacred Seed ambassadors, those seeds stewards are.
- [00:24:53.340]And this was difficult plot, we had to till it up lightly
- [00:24:58.770]by hand to remove the grass cover
- [00:25:01.762]and it's become an important part of what we do.
- [00:25:06.330]They wouldn't even let me use a chainsaw
- [00:25:09.750]when I was making wood ash lye later in the fall
- [00:25:14.130]with oak and hickory.
- [00:25:16.470]And if you've ever tried to cut hickory wood,
- [00:25:19.800]it's really hard.
- [00:25:21.972]They made me do it by hand.
- [00:25:23.777]But it certainly left an impression.
- [00:25:26.370]And there is something about living
- [00:25:29.700]with the cycles of the sun and the months
- [00:25:32.397]and the moon and understanding
- [00:25:34.860]the movements of the animal nation
- [00:25:37.104]and the impact on the plant nation.
- [00:25:39.127]And I'll get to more of that later.
- [00:25:42.510]Another friend that I came across is, Charles C Mann.
- [00:25:45.810]So I've got a couple of few recommendations here.
- [00:25:49.267]"1491," had a profound impact as did "1493."
- [00:25:54.360]And as a journalist, Charles was observing
- [00:26:00.276]his fourth grade son was still getting
- [00:26:05.423]the line of false information about
- [00:26:06.897]the history of indigenous people.
- [00:26:08.730]He chose to tell the truth and that's what he did in "1491."
- [00:26:12.750]So he calls that pre-Columbian exchange time periods
- [00:26:18.420]of what was happening on this continent before.
- [00:26:21.213]And "1493," he talked about the impact of that
- [00:26:26.580]cross Columbian exchange onto the America's
- [00:26:30.450]and vice versa into Europe.
- [00:26:33.450]I met him after he was at my university
- [00:26:37.890]to give a talk on the "Wizard and the Prophet,"
- [00:26:41.370]which is about these two camps of ecology versus science.
- [00:26:46.230]And after reading the work,
- [00:26:48.210]I will fully admit I was pulled by both sides
- [00:26:52.710]and against both sides at different points.
- [00:26:54.960]And I really think that it's gonna take all of us
- [00:26:58.622]to be able to save our planet
- [00:27:02.910]and healthy agricultural lifeways together.
- [00:27:07.470]We're all right with our own ideas.
- [00:27:10.620]This was at one of our plots downtown,
- [00:27:14.201]a sacred seed pop up for a couple of few years right down
- [00:27:18.720]in the old market in Omaha.
- [00:27:20.190]And if you know that space,
- [00:27:21.390]there's nothing green down there.
- [00:27:22.980]So the fact that we were able to get a bunch of corn beans
- [00:27:28.200]and squash together was quite impactful.
- [00:27:33.330]So the next part of the work,
- [00:27:34.227]and this is where I'm heading next,
- [00:27:37.530]perhaps book number two will involve
- [00:27:40.421]the history of indigenous ag.
- [00:27:43.710]And this little quote actually came
- [00:27:46.470]from the "National Farmer's Union," blog entitled
- [00:27:50.587]"The indigenous Origins of Regenerative Ag,"
- [00:27:55.484]and I was surprised to know
- [00:27:59.280]that they acknowledge that much of this information
- [00:28:04.110]about regenerative outcomes from indigenous peoples.
- [00:28:07.680]So this will quote trees and crops and animals together
- [00:28:10.766]as in the essence of the philosophy.
- [00:28:17.190]And so when we're talking about history,
- [00:28:20.040]when we're talking about the history of indigenous ag,
- [00:28:22.530]already the time clock gets pushed way, way back.
- [00:28:31.440]There's been a big battle between anthropologists
- [00:28:34.350]and indigenous people.
- [00:28:35.460]It's about how long we've been here.
- [00:28:37.620]There's a camp of thought that wants to limit how long
- [00:28:40.770]indigenous people have been here and ultimately
- [00:28:45.960]to somehow prove that we have not been here that long.
- [00:28:50.340]And also that perhaps somehow we blew our chance
- [00:28:55.500]with this land here,
- [00:28:57.000]that somehow the mistakes that we made is what allowed
- [00:29:01.470]European colonization to come to the Americas.
- [00:29:05.760]And of course any student of history in this topic knows
- [00:29:10.230]that smallpox and disease and guns,
- [00:29:13.200]germs and steel had everything to do with the displacement
- [00:29:16.290]of indigenous peoples.
- [00:29:18.660]Smallpox alone, depending on the area here in Nebraska,
- [00:29:22.170]if all of the indigenous tribes 80 to 90% decimation rates.
- [00:29:28.080]We all survived through the pandemic and we were terrified.
- [00:29:31.770]Can you imagine if there's a hundred people in this room
- [00:29:34.980]and only 10 survived, maybe 15 at best, 20.
- [00:29:40.237]So indigenous peoples are very resilient
- [00:29:44.460]and science is coming to this story to add more facts,
- [00:29:51.450]one of which is in White Sands, New Mexico
- [00:29:54.840]and is pushing back the clock on how long
- [00:29:57.810]indigenous peoples have been here.
- [00:29:59.792]And this point read 23,000 years, which is well before
- [00:30:06.150]the land bridge up in Siberia
- [00:30:08.880]which for the longest time which evolved
- [00:30:11.700]the first Clovis theory was the only theory
- [00:30:14.948]of how the indigenous peoples got here and unlimited us.
- [00:30:18.240]It excluded us from, God forbid,
- [00:30:20.970]getting in something like a canoe and traveling
- [00:30:24.660]along the coast and coming here.
- [00:30:27.030]And so now there's more and more proof
- [00:30:29.610]and that's changed a lot of things in the perspective
- [00:30:34.740]and hopefully indigenous voices will be a part of that.
- [00:30:38.610]Leads me to the next topic about the true antiquity of corn
- [00:30:43.920]and the bold history of America with our Mayan relatives,
- [00:30:48.420]most likely somewhere between six and 10,000 years ago
- [00:30:52.920]and began with a grass seed, very small few rows,
- [00:30:58.920]few kernels and adapted by the human hand
- [00:31:02.520]turned into mother corn as we know it today.
- [00:31:07.680]So it's mind boggling when you think about whether
- [00:31:10.110]it's rice in Asia or wheat in Europe or corn in Americas,
- [00:31:16.620]but some were around 10,000 years ago
- [00:31:18.810]something dramatic happened with humans
- [00:31:22.800]and plants and we created these things.
- [00:31:25.710]There's nothing more iconic
- [00:31:28.873]about indigenous ag than Mother corn.
- [00:31:31.080]She's a part of all of our cosmology and origin stories
- [00:31:35.640]and our Cherokee stories say Wut-teh is the first woman
- [00:31:40.200]and all life is born out of her in many senses
- [00:31:47.430]she was the giver of all seeds and agriculture to us.
- [00:31:53.160]So there's analogies between
- [00:31:55.980]Greco Roman Goddess's demeanor, et cetera.
- [00:31:57.517]And we have our own.
- [00:32:04.620]This was a little nod back to Charles C Mann's
- [00:32:08.250]work in "1493."
- [00:32:10.650]And he had explored indigenous ag methodologies
- [00:32:14.790]in the Amazon in South America and came across,
- [00:32:18.720]of course it's been popularized by the Spanish
- [00:32:25.890]of black soil terra preta of the Indians,
- [00:32:32.310]black soil indigenous.
- [00:32:34.740]And it involves what we would call biochara,
- [00:32:39.516]which is a big aspect of regenerative ag,
- [00:32:42.450]which allows all those
- [00:32:44.310]the fungal nations microrisal networks to grow
- [00:32:50.400]and to flourish.
- [00:32:51.660]And they use biochar charcoal as the sort
- [00:32:55.770]of host substance for it.
- [00:32:58.560]The soil in the Amazon is very acidic
- [00:33:02.520]as they treated this soil,
- [00:33:03.960]it became a living organism that actually has grown.
- [00:33:07.620]So on the right side,
- [00:33:08.880]you see it before and then you see this rich dark lung
- [00:33:12.360]and anyone who plants those will know that
- [00:33:14.880]rich dark soil full of mycorrhizal networks,
- [00:33:18.900]worms and much life.
- [00:33:24.420]Leads me to another major influence.
- [00:33:27.724]My interactions with Dr. Jane Mt. Pleasant,
- [00:33:34.200]goes back to my time with the Land Institute
- [00:33:39.210]and Aubrey, who you'll be hearing tomorrow
- [00:33:43.830]and put together an ecosphere of studies conference.
- [00:33:47.250]And I got a chance to be at it with Dr. Mt. Pleasant.
- [00:33:51.690]And in her work she was detailing her research on economic
- [00:33:58.171]output ag output between the Sioux Confederacy
- [00:34:04.680]that she is a part of versus the early Euro-American farming
- [00:34:10.890]techniques which involve tilling
- [00:34:14.340]and separating the crops the indigenous companion planting.
- [00:34:18.660]And she was able to prove through her research
- [00:34:21.960]that Three sisters' methodology was more abundant
- [00:34:27.780]and more healthy for the soil and was met
- [00:34:31.890]with quite a bit of pushback
- [00:34:33.120]from the scientists that there, and I know
- [00:34:36.300]it's a real thing.
- [00:34:38.340]Ultimately she brought up a quote which forever
- [00:34:43.980]has changed my perspective.
- [00:34:45.720]She mentioned at least 15,000 years of indigenous
- [00:34:50.280]environmentalism and it's a concept of how
- [00:34:56.220]we cultivated and curated the land here
- [00:34:59.430]in Americas and worked alongside the plant nation,
- [00:35:03.540]not in diminutive but in, as Dr. Mt. Pleasant would say
- [00:35:08.880]as fellow citizens.
- [00:35:11.160]That that struck me quite a bit.
- [00:35:13.920]There was a little bit of pushback.
- [00:35:16.410]Anyone familiar with the Land Institute will
- [00:35:20.220]know that Wendell Barry's work is paramount
- [00:35:23.957]to the founder Wes and all of their perspective.
- [00:35:30.450]And after Dr. Mt. Pleasant's talk,
- [00:35:34.560]there was a question from the audience around what she
- [00:35:38.370]thought of Wendell Barry's work, the unsettling of America.
- [00:35:44.100]And she answered and said, yes I'm aware of it.
- [00:35:50.370]But I don't have much of an opinion on it.
- [00:35:52.920]And the scholar was shocked and said, well what do you mean?
- [00:35:57.090]And she said,
- [00:35:57.923]well I've not read it fully but I don't have to because
- [00:36:02.910]I know the premise of the work
- [00:36:04.833]and the premise of the work is that
- [00:36:06.570]you're American environmentalist in the '50s, '60s and '70s
- [00:36:11.490]think they're gonna save this planet
- [00:36:13.080]and it's ignoring 15,000 years
- [00:36:15.420]of indigenous environmentalism.
- [00:36:18.570]And again that just really struck me and it caused
- [00:36:22.560]a fight there that I will forever remember.
- [00:36:27.630]And afterwards I got a chance to give the keynote
- [00:36:32.040]after the big fight that they had there
- [00:36:35.550]and had to do my best to try to explain
- [00:36:42.090]through Sacred Seed why the multiplicity
- [00:36:44.610]of seeds is so important.
- [00:36:47.370]And so there is a tension there between the environmental
- [00:36:52.380]green movement and what I refer to as indigenous red.
- [00:36:58.410]Going into a little further into indigenous ag.
- [00:37:02.010]Certainly one of the influential works
- [00:37:04.110]is Buffalo Bird Woman.
- [00:37:06.230]And then these pictures here you see the true essence
- [00:37:10.260]of Three Sisters companion planting
- [00:37:16.522]the horn break buffalo shoulders is what the Omahas
- [00:37:19.020]use load tilling and planting the corn, beans
- [00:37:23.850]and squash together.
- [00:37:28.200]So basic aspects of indigenous ag and ultimately
- [00:37:35.130]as we plant them together, we don't tilt earth,
- [00:37:38.730]which is one of the main causes of the release of carbon
- [00:37:43.680]and nitrogen of the land is stripped of its nutrients
- [00:37:49.328]and in many cases we're using water from rivers
- [00:37:53.730]and creeks and streams to bring those nutrients
- [00:37:57.480]back to mounted plots.
- [00:38:00.660]And I can speak only for our Omaha tradition though
- [00:38:05.700]when you're using the Three Sisters methodology,
- [00:38:08.700]you don't have to rotate every of the year like the farmers
- [00:38:13.290]do around here, but every 10 years.
- [00:38:16.500]And then we move them and it's because we plant beans
- [00:38:20.550]next to the corn.
- [00:38:21.570]We put nitrogen back in the soil and the squash
- [00:38:26.880]has its own part as well.
- [00:38:30.090]Soil has grew from the ground up.
- [00:38:33.240]Another aspect of indigenous ag is around prairie fires.
- [00:38:38.940]And this is part of the new research
- [00:38:41.430]that I'm looking into, but when you're looking
- [00:38:46.180]at the impact of that Columbian exchange
- [00:38:49.350]from Charles Mann's words,
- [00:38:52.470]there's a lot of invasive species.
- [00:38:55.380]This land before was taken over.
- [00:38:57.930]Every arable acre is farmed nowadays.
- [00:39:03.150]It used to be Oak Savannah landscapes
- [00:39:06.990]with lots of tall grass prairie as a part of it.
- [00:39:11.010]And speaking of Kansas and the Land Institute,
- [00:39:14.760]not too far outside of there is the Quans of Prairie fire
- [00:39:19.020]Quans is what we call them.
- [00:39:20.847]The Kaw people, Kansa is the name
- [00:39:24.810]and we have a wind clan,
- [00:39:28.680]that's what we call them, the wind people.
- [00:39:32.213]So this reserve, based off that,
- [00:39:34.383]that you see the evolution of burning invasive species,
- [00:39:40.440]the land as it begins to change and for in indigenous
- [00:39:45.690]heirloom seeds to come back again.
- [00:39:51.930]One of my biggest challenges
- [00:39:53.580]to the Land Institute is, I said what is the land
- [00:39:56.512]without animals?
- [00:39:58.830]So that's a part of all this thinking.
- [00:40:01.800]If I can get it to work.
- [00:40:17.510]It seems to disappear right there.
- [00:40:26.400]Sorry.
- [00:40:27.720]I'm gonna check it
- [00:40:29.203]Your going to enable the content or.
- [00:40:41.525]There we go.
- [00:40:45.870](country music)
- [00:40:48.883]I think what makes the preserve
- [00:40:51.089]really special to me is that because of its size
- [00:40:52.950]and its depth,
- [00:40:54.161]it's one of the few places that you can actually
- [00:40:56.370]get out on the native remanent prairie and escape.
- [00:40:59.490]To kind of transform you back in time 150, 200 years,
- [00:41:03.330]engage the landscape on a more kind, visceral,
- [00:41:06.960]emotional level.
- [00:41:08.580]And so that's why I think,
- [00:41:10.460]that's what I really appreciate about Broken Kettle.
- [00:41:12.817]Broken cattle grasslands is located
- [00:41:15.436]on the northern end of the Loess Hills, a 12,000 acre area.
- [00:41:17.790]The Nation Conservancy owns about 3,200 acres.
- [00:41:21.210]And then we have conservation easements with
- [00:41:22.540]a lot of private landowners on another 3,500 acres.
- [00:41:26.760]And the county conservation board also has some land here
- [00:41:30.390]at five ridge prairie.
- [00:41:31.584]Broken Kettle Grasslands Preserve that we have
- [00:41:33.183]is largest intact native prairie that we have
- [00:41:35.225]left in the States.
- [00:41:36.058]we have less than one ten one percent of native prairie
- [00:41:38.220]remaining, and this is by far of the largest, largest tract.
- [00:41:41.310]It's also located at the northern end of the Loess Hills.
- [00:41:43.590]So you get this unique topography
- [00:41:45.780]So it's really aesthetically pleasing.
- [00:41:48.240]Over 200 different species of plants on the reserve.
- [00:41:50.670]Over 150 different documented bird species,
- [00:41:53.610]probably in the neighborhood of maybe around
- [00:41:56.070]3,000 different insect species.
- [00:41:58.560]The only nesting population of magpies
- [00:42:00.450]that we have in the state.
- [00:42:02.408]And also the last population of prairie rattlesnakes
- [00:42:04.560]that we have in the state as well.
- [00:42:06.300]We reintroduced the Bison in 2008.
- [00:42:09.390]and the herd I think is at about 80 or 85 animals right now.
- [00:42:12.750]We have somewhere around 20 babies born this spring
- [00:42:15.600]originates from the Wind Cave herd.
- [00:42:17.400]The animals from Wind Cave don't show
- [00:42:19.140]any signs of cattle interbreeding.
- [00:42:22.422]Their unique population that we're trying to manage
- [00:42:23.970]as part of this wind cave population in North America.
- [00:42:27.630]Broken Kettle is open for the public.
- [00:42:30.630]We don't have any established hiking trails
- [00:42:32.310]which we don't want to create,
- [00:42:33.930]but people are welcome to come out
- [00:42:35.752]and enjoy the preserve for non-consumptive uses.
- [00:42:38.363](country music)
- [00:42:45.384](coughing drowns out speech) a little fast but less than
- [00:42:49.110]one 10th and 1% is prairie in the state of Iowa.
- [00:42:53.430]That was so mindblowing today and I'm been very fortunate
- [00:42:58.080]to have been able to spend time with Scott Moats
- [00:43:02.130]and all the other keepers at this wonderful preserve
- [00:43:06.840]up at Broken Kettle.
- [00:43:08.190]And I've got a chance to spend time with the Bison herd
- [00:43:11.880]as a member of the Earth and Bison Clan of the Omaha tribe.
- [00:43:15.827]It's a very powerful experience to go
- [00:43:18.407]and to be a part of that.
- [00:43:21.000]And I've watched them do their controlled burns
- [00:43:23.946]and to see all the prairie landscapes come back
- [00:43:26.340]and all the lives that comes along
- [00:43:27.473]with it is really a wonderful example.
- [00:43:30.300]And I hope that we continue to do more of that.
- [00:43:38.836]I want to go into the last part of the presentation.
- [00:43:41.370]This is my philosophical aspects of Sacred Seed
- [00:43:47.160]and most importantly is that
- [00:43:48.780]we treat the earth as our mother.
- [00:43:50.490]The way that I was taught was that we should love the earth
- [00:43:54.540]as we love our own mother.
- [00:43:56.820]And anything less than that, anything with less religious
- [00:44:00.630]ferocity is not gonna be enough to save this planet.
- [00:44:04.470]And all of the beauty that should be enjoyed by seven
- [00:44:07.890]generations to come, reintroduction
- [00:44:10.884]of the Three Sisters methodology,
- [00:44:13.770]the mixing of the plant, the animal nations,
- [00:44:17.400]and ultimately eating what earth mother provides.
- [00:44:22.800]An example for me and my mother's people is bison and corn.
- [00:44:29.340]I wanted to get back,
- [00:44:30.240]I mentioned the beginning of the presentation.
- [00:44:32.520]There is the beginning before the beginning
- [00:44:36.900]and before I had run into the phone call from Deward
- [00:44:43.931]with a kick in the pants.
- [00:44:47.040]This beautiful animal.
- [00:44:48.930]The first one was born in 2001.
- [00:44:53.280]I just started my teaching career
- [00:44:55.020]at CU Boulder with Deward's help.
- [00:44:59.730]And there was a lot of gossiping talk
- [00:45:05.670]and excitement within the, what we called
- [00:45:08.160]the moccasin telegraph about the rebirth of albino bison.
- [00:45:15.660]And this ultimately become a part
- [00:45:18.527]of the seventh generation prophecy,
- [00:45:21.660]which has really impacted all of this work
- [00:45:24.090]and how it really all began for me.
- [00:45:26.910]And I began to understand that the return of the white
- [00:45:30.136]buffalo calf was terribly important
- [00:45:34.110]and ultimately there were four of them that were born.
- [00:45:38.577]And I just happened to be working on an academic paper
- [00:45:44.160]with a visiting scholar at the University of Tulsa,
- [00:45:47.370]who was a member of the Dakota people
- [00:45:53.220]and a spiritualist and a pipe carrier.
- [00:45:55.980]And she was very familiar with the story
- [00:45:58.140]and I saw the fourth of what was born.
- [00:46:01.890]And I remember being excited when I saw that
- [00:46:04.993]we were in the final drafts of our paper together
- [00:46:08.040]and I showed up the law library of TU
- [00:46:11.514]and repeated her name, her Indian name several times
- [00:46:16.050]and said, "Hey, this is a big deal, right?
- [00:46:19.710]The fourth bison was born,
- [00:46:22.560]this has to do with the seventh generation."
- [00:46:25.852]She nodded her head and said yes.
- [00:46:28.475]And then I got a little excited and ahead of myself
- [00:46:31.290]and I said, does that mean that
- [00:46:33.053]we're the seventh generation?
- [00:46:36.130]And I remember she pounded the table, boom
- [00:46:40.050]and said, no, you fool.
- [00:46:43.140]We're not the seventh.
- [00:46:45.030]All those children that were born
- [00:46:48.120]and to be born in the generation after
- [00:46:50.700]the birth of the fourth were the fifth
- [00:46:53.640]and the sixth and we're supposed to be teachers.
- [00:46:56.910]She admonished me and she said,
- [00:46:58.557]and you don't know all your stories, do you?
- [00:47:03.390]No I don't.
- [00:47:05.220]So that was the real impetus for this story.
- [00:47:08.760]The most impactful part of the seventh generation proxy
- [00:47:11.970]for me is for indigenous peoples.
- [00:47:15.960]That seventh generation, they're the ones who
- [00:47:18.207]are gonna lead our travel nations to stand tall again.
- [00:47:23.160]And equally as important as all of those children born
- [00:47:29.160]after the birth of this fourth one in 2007.
- [00:47:32.400]And maybe some of you all have children
- [00:47:35.490]from this generation, but they're the ones who
- [00:47:39.267]are gonna finally be ready for our indigenous knowledge.
- [00:47:42.540]And I think it's about all of what
- [00:47:44.490]I'm trying to share with you.
- [00:47:46.020]It's about loving mother earth and protecting.
- [00:47:49.560]And that's the true legacy of the seventh generation
- [00:47:53.220]prophecy of the Upper Plains people.
- [00:47:56.520]There's other versions by other tribes,
- [00:47:58.620]I don't know all of them.
- [00:48:00.330]Maybe my brother Anthony knows some of those.
- [00:48:02.640]But we all have our stories and this is important time.
- [00:48:11.430]As I was writing my book, I was really impacted
- [00:48:14.970]by Vine Deloria Jr.
- [00:48:17.550]Whose legacy as a writer and a thinker profoundly impacted
- [00:48:22.380]me in the way that I thought.
- [00:48:24.390]And after his passing I was lamenting that
- [00:48:27.960]there were no more books to read.
- [00:48:30.120]And a colleague and a friend from the Osage tribe
- [00:48:36.300]challenged me to pick up where Vine left off.
- [00:48:39.690]I said, that's ludicrous.
- [00:48:40.770]There's no way I can pick up.
- [00:48:42.030]She's said, well you're an academic, right?
- [00:48:44.880]Yeah, but a different kind.
- [00:48:47.720]And at the time that was before I was married, she said,
- [00:48:51.720]you don't have any kids either, do you?
- [00:48:53.160]And I said, no.
- [00:48:54.840]She said, well get to work.
- [00:48:56.837]And so that's how it all got started.
- [00:48:58.821]And in essence I realized that at the core
- [00:49:01.931]of indigenous religions is sacred geography.
- [00:49:06.150]And whether that's the mountains or the land,
- [00:49:10.299]it is what defines us as indigenous people.
- [00:49:15.270]And "God has read," and "Custer Died for Your Sins,"
- [00:49:18.450]old school books.
- [00:49:20.280]But it really celebrates sacred geography
- [00:49:23.430]and the battles that indigenous peoples
- [00:49:25.350]have made to protect them.
- [00:49:29.580]Along the way. I've become more philosophical
- [00:49:32.550]and I'm really interested in esoteric thought
- [00:49:35.940]and all things alchemy related.
- [00:49:38.340]You probably saw the word a little bit earlier,
- [00:49:41.180]but I've realized that there is an indigenous alchemy
- [00:49:45.660]and it has to do with the four elements.
- [00:49:48.690]And that's what's become central to me and my philosophy
- [00:49:53.670]around what I refer to as living red.
- [00:49:56.700]But that we have to keep the soil and the rain and the wind
- [00:49:59.877]and the sun in mind with everything.
- [00:50:01.920]How we plant, how we think when we do and why.
- [00:50:09.120]I was visiting with one of my nephews in the Omaha tribe
- [00:50:13.071]and he was very interested
- [00:50:16.050]in all these thoughts of living red.
- [00:50:18.900]And we had, gosh,
- [00:50:20.880]at least a couple hour conversation and we were discussing
- [00:50:25.410]sovereignty and he's a legal scholar,
- [00:50:30.690]but we were both interested in much more than that.
- [00:50:33.240]And my thoughts have evolved around
- [00:50:36.150]what sovereignty should mean
- [00:50:37.470]for all of us and certainly indigenous people that they're
- [00:50:42.120]physical aspects, emotional, spiritual.
- [00:50:44.666]Jeff Gilpin who's kind of my spiritual leader
- [00:50:49.164]in the Omaha tribe.
- [00:50:50.263]And he praises what he prays for individuals,
- [00:50:54.390]physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual.
- [00:50:57.120]So all these elements have begun to take seed
- [00:51:00.750]and to grow in my own personal understanding of them,
- [00:51:05.670]physical sovereignty that you know,
- [00:51:07.560]we have the right to be here as human people
- [00:51:09.780]says indigenous people,
- [00:51:11.160]we have the right to exist and to remain true to who we are.
- [00:51:16.920]Mental sovereignty is something that we should
- [00:51:18.960]all pay more attention to.
- [00:51:20.760]And much thanks to my wife for helping me embrace
- [00:51:26.540]my own mental health and things that I can do to make
- [00:51:28.950]myself better as a human being.
- [00:51:31.530]To learn to forgive myself, to forgive others,
- [00:51:35.400]to not hold onto those traumatic things
- [00:51:38.670]as indigenous peoples, we all know that there's
- [00:51:41.108]intergenerational trauma,
- [00:51:43.620]whether we like her or not, it impacts all of us.
- [00:51:47.430]And so until mental sovereignty is that
- [00:51:50.070]we can heal from that.
- [00:51:52.297]And a part of the physical is I realized
- [00:51:54.510]by growing these Three Sisters,
- [00:51:58.740]in case of the Omaha we have a fourth of the sunflower,
- [00:52:01.410]with doing those things, putting my hands into the soil,
- [00:52:06.030]understanding the cycles of wind and rain and sun,
- [00:52:11.070]the health of the soil that has healed me.
- [00:52:14.130]I've had wonderful conversations around epigenetics
- [00:52:17.550]with medical professionals that dramatic things
- [00:52:20.850]can impact down to our DNA
- [00:52:23.790]but doing good things like this like my brother does with
- [00:52:26.683]food to help heal people but not just our bodies
- [00:52:30.240]but our mind and our spirit and our soul.
- [00:52:33.870]And so that's where the emotional
- [00:52:35.067]and spiritual part comes in.
- [00:52:36.630]It takes practice.
- [00:52:40.350]In my career as a teacher,
- [00:52:43.170]I will often come across students
- [00:52:44.760]who don't want to speak in public.
- [00:52:46.350]And my answer has always been the same.
- [00:52:48.900]It takes practice by prayer.
- [00:52:51.479]You can't be good at it until you practice.
- [00:52:56.430]So the call to arms is remember that earth is our mother
- [00:53:01.530]and love her.
- [00:53:03.750]Next is, eat what the mother provides
- [00:53:06.840]and some of you're gonna be blessed to enjoy a meal
- [00:53:10.410]by my brother Anthony Warrior here.
- [00:53:14.490]Little talk, talk tomorrow as well.
- [00:53:18.030]From our elders.
- [00:53:18.863]Is what I learned is those seeds, they're teachers,
- [00:53:23.310]learn from them, learn from the plants,
- [00:53:25.620]listen to them, sing to them.
- [00:53:29.052]And the final part of the called arms is quite simply
- [00:53:34.770]where you're confused,
- [00:53:36.060]well first read Marter'w book about the impact
- [00:53:39.870]of what the actions of people like Roger Welsh
- [00:53:43.350]have done and others who are now in the spirit of land
- [00:53:47.400]back to indigenous people for taking privately held land
- [00:53:50.820]and giving it back to the indigenous peoples
- [00:53:53.190]to which it belonged.
- [00:53:55.751]And to go along with that, if you're doing any work,
- [00:54:00.600]find out the indigenous peoples that were for thousands
- [00:54:05.550]and thousands of years on the lands that you lived,
- [00:54:08.850]perhaps that you cherish as homesteads
- [00:54:11.730]and welcome them back with open arms.
- [00:54:13.890]And only wonderful things can happen.
- [00:54:16.350]So my challenge is for all people to work
- [00:54:18.720]with your local indigenous tribes, encourage them
- [00:54:22.230]to come back to the land,
- [00:54:24.210]which is their mother, and to help us all grow.
- [00:54:29.100]Finally, just going into an extension of Sacred Seed.
- [00:54:34.500]This is our ninth year of planting and educating.
- [00:54:38.580]And I get to go around and give talks like this.
- [00:54:41.130]I'm very blessed to be able to do so with
- [00:54:45.540]my wife's help as a muse,
- [00:54:48.210]we've been able to think about other ways that
- [00:54:51.090]this can manifest itself,
- [00:54:53.580]which is, we've been very blessed over the years.
- [00:54:57.540]Work with a number of chefs.
- [00:54:59.610]I look forward to working with more
- [00:55:01.170]indigenous chefs to do this.
- [00:55:03.731]But we tuck that bounty and have shared it
- [00:55:07.140]with culinary masters and they all
- [00:55:09.180]come up with wonderful things.
- [00:55:10.350]And many of you this week,
- [00:55:12.810]we're gonna be able to experience that.
- [00:55:15.630]And we hope with secrecy that we need to continue
- [00:55:19.470]to do these sort of partnerships.
- [00:55:24.330]For the near future.
- [00:55:26.640]For me, I'm gonna be getting my work published.
- [00:55:29.970]Yes Margaret still has rediscovered all the good stuff
- [00:55:33.000]after we're fighting over that right now.
- [00:55:35.280]But it says a lot of understanding of what was happening
- [00:55:42.060]on this continent a thousand years ago and beyond.
- [00:55:45.854]And a couple of images there are great
- [00:55:48.750]certainly down in Ohio and Omahas.
- [00:55:51.577](speaks Siouan) it's place to which we came to get here.
- [00:55:57.180]And one of my mentors and major impacts
- [00:56:02.250]in my bookwork is, Dr. William Romaine
- [00:56:05.850]and this is his work on archeoastronomy on the circle mound.
- [00:56:10.770]And it's all of this journey which led me to help
- [00:56:13.913]give to Sacred Seed by understanding
- [00:56:15.990]what indigenous peoples aim.
- [00:56:19.440]And to the future.
- [00:56:21.270]This is one of the things where we would like to go next,
- [00:56:24.442]is really taking this body of knowledge and taking
- [00:56:29.010]people to sacred geography and indigenous sites
- [00:56:34.020]and science with a lot of indigenous history.
- [00:56:36.330]And hopefully that will be leading talks and journeys
- [00:56:40.890]and excursions and to wonderful food
- [00:56:44.430]and hopefully a better life for us all.
- [00:56:48.390]Much thanks to the organizers of Plants Table
- [00:56:53.070]and everyone at the Center for Great Plains.
- [00:56:55.500]Thank you very much.
- [00:56:57.125](audience applauds)
- [00:57:05.910]If you're up for it.
- [00:57:06.985]Sure.
- [00:57:07.877]We can take some questions.
- [00:57:09.510]We probably have about 10 minutes for questions,
- [00:57:12.630]and I believe Alison is gonna be traveling around
- [00:57:15.240]with the mic, and please do use the mic.
- [00:57:17.760]It helps, we are recording this
- [00:57:20.507]and so people who are listening to the recording
- [00:57:23.490]can hear your question.
- [00:57:27.630]There's always questions.
- [00:57:30.390]There's one in the back, back there.
- [00:57:32.220]I could yell,
- [00:57:34.014]you mentioned something early on regarding giving
- [00:57:38.670]your perspective versus your goals relative
- [00:57:42.184]to traditional (indistinct) as a client.
- [00:57:45.210]Is there a way to utilize modern secular tools
- [00:57:48.090]or technology to actually kind drive new ways
- [00:57:52.200]for indigenous people to think about
- [00:57:53.670]their all time cultural diversity?
- [00:57:55.950]Yes.
- [00:57:56.783]Going back to the tension between science and ecology
- [00:58:00.450]and from my perspective it's indigenous environmentalism.
- [00:58:04.290]Absolutely.
- [00:58:05.809]Like I mentioned,
- [00:58:07.353]I've learned so much from the scientists
- [00:58:09.480]down at the Land Institute, from my friend Charles C Mann
- [00:58:13.140]and his work with the Wizard and the Prophet.
- [00:58:15.270]And when I started I had my perspectives
- [00:58:18.237]and that has been influenced positively
- [00:58:22.380]that the role of science has hazardnes.
- [00:58:25.800]But I truly believe that we have to come together
- [00:58:28.050]and compromise to really do the most effective
- [00:58:31.260]work possible.
- [00:58:33.570]Thank you for the question.
- [00:58:42.360]Don't make me cold calling like I do with my students.
- [00:58:50.160]It's a couple up front in here.
- [00:58:52.110]Thank you Alison.
- [00:58:57.660]I'm curious,
- [00:58:59.027]what do you do, or do you have to do anything
- [00:59:01.352]to get indigenous people to know how to use
- [00:59:04.582]what you brought..
- [00:59:06.005]It's a very good question.
- [00:59:08.776]What's been the impact with indigenous people?
- [00:59:12.300]I can certainly speak for my two tribes.
- [00:59:15.600]With respect to the Cherokees, like I mentioned,
- [00:59:17.730]there was a lot of people in a lot of effort
- [00:59:19.977]and I was never worried.
- [00:59:22.080]They did everything the right way.
- [00:59:23.490]They started with our elders and put together
- [00:59:25.530]a little council and said, if we can pick seven plants,
- [00:59:28.620]what should they be?
- [00:59:29.797]And then they increased that number
- [00:59:31.230]and they've got incredible little demonstration garden
- [00:59:35.280]down in Talqal there from all those teachings
- [00:59:38.190]and return of the river came.
- [00:59:40.950]And so with that population, I just sit back
- [00:59:45.780]and learn and watch and marvel at what they're doing.
- [00:59:49.260]When I first started this work,
- [00:59:53.070]there were very few in the Omaha tribe
- [00:59:55.230]who were interested in at the time,
- [00:59:57.600]a matter of fact someone just brought this story up,
- [01:00:00.930]probably six or seven years ago.
- [01:00:02.550]I was asked to be the whip man
- [01:00:05.400]at our annual harvest festival,
- [01:00:09.210]but hate to watch, it's our main dance with long.
- [01:00:13.590]I had just been growing these things for a few years.
- [01:00:16.230]I brought back true seeded plant varieties
- [01:00:21.960]and I remember some of my relatives,
- [01:00:24.420]I cut open an watermelon and handed it to them
- [01:00:29.580]and they complained that there were too many seeds.
- [01:00:35.281]So I said, no, that's precisely the point.
- [01:00:37.680]Spit them out, wash them off.
- [01:00:39.344]And you could have as many watermelons
- [01:00:41.100]as you could ever imagine.
- [01:00:43.530]And had another point up at Art Tenders farm.
- [01:00:48.570]I remember there was
- [01:00:51.870]Southern Poncas were returning to their homelands up here
- [01:00:56.490]and Art gracefully shared
- [01:01:00.600]a lot of his land
- [01:01:03.780]and life with them.
- [01:01:05.940]And I remember in a certain point
- [01:01:07.710]were all these wonderful local organic farmers,
- [01:01:11.010]white farmers who had produced a bunch of food crops
- [01:01:17.130]and my Ponca relatives from down in Oklahoma,
- [01:01:21.210]they didn't want to eat it cause they
- [01:01:23.280]cause they didn't like it.
- [01:01:24.390]They wanted to go get fast food.
- [01:01:26.535]And I was like, no that's the whole point.
- [01:01:29.910]This is real food, this is healthy food.
- [01:01:32.610]So as indigenous people,
- [01:01:34.620]we have to realize that we have been colonized at least
- [01:01:38.970]culturally and that we need to break this dependence off
- [01:01:43.230]commodity foods and processed food and sugar.
- [01:01:46.960]And we need to get back to eat water plants
- [01:01:51.210]and lean proteins.
- [01:01:53.430]Fast forward to today,
- [01:01:54.990]Omahas are flourishing with their seed efforts.
- [01:01:58.290]Especially if at Omaha Nation public schools,
- [01:02:01.410]there's a whole army of indigenous teachers
- [01:02:03.930]and the young people,
- [01:02:04.830]they feed our elders and they have farmers' markets
- [01:02:07.740]and they share their seeds
- [01:02:09.540]and it's just beautiful and it's tied
- [01:02:11.820]into our language program.
- [01:02:13.080]So it just takes time.
- [01:02:15.060]But I believe it's a part of that prophecy
- [01:02:16.890]of the seventh generation.
- [01:02:18.180]Those things are happening today.
- [01:02:20.370]Our people are learning to stand tall again.
- [01:02:24.297]I think there was question down here.
- [01:02:30.270]I would like you to talk
- [01:02:31.995]about prairie fires.
- [01:02:33.370]Sure.
- [01:02:34.443]I've studied them, I know about them.
- [01:02:37.770]I know they're good for the land,
- [01:02:39.660]but when you set fire to prairies plots that we're
- [01:02:44.220]returning our land to a prairie.
- [01:02:46.770]When you set that fire, so many animals are disturbed.
- [01:02:51.420]And I felt bad because I know the mice can go underground,
- [01:02:56.670]but the spiders and I felt I asked for their forgiveness
- [01:03:02.040]and then I kept well this is what you're supposed to do.
- [01:03:05.973]So could you please talk about that?
- [01:03:09.977]For sure. It's wonderful point.
- [01:03:11.349]And thank you for trying to do,
- [01:03:12.810]doing good work because in many cases,
- [01:03:17.310]that's the only way that we're gonna be able to bring back
- [01:03:19.860]indigenous seeds in their natural form.
- [01:03:22.830]Cause there's been so much cross pollination
- [01:03:25.410]globally, with the Columbian exchange
- [01:03:28.440]that this landscape has been transformed.
- [01:03:32.070]These few things I know, in its origins it probably
- [01:03:37.860]came from the upper realm thunder enlightening.
- [01:03:40.740]And that's where these fires came from.
- [01:03:42.570]Many of our tribal traditions speak of these legacies
- [01:03:47.400]and how powerful it is.
- [01:03:48.480]So it is a part of nature working with a number
- [01:03:53.520]of places here locally,
- [01:03:56.386]whether it's outta Hitchcock Nature Center over in Iowa,
- [01:04:01.680]or Broken Kettle with the Nature Conservancy,
- [01:04:04.710]there is a way to do it in a manner
- [01:04:08.820]that seems to be more efficacious than than others.
- [01:04:14.550]I would say most of the animals know
- [01:04:16.800]what to do in that timeframe.
- [01:04:20.370]Is burning the invasive species get a help nature?
- [01:04:26.580]Yes, it will.
- [01:04:29.010]And there's certainly ways to do it, but you know
- [01:04:32.610]there's the other side of getting those seeds to come back.
- [01:04:35.463]What I learned from Broken Kettle was that many of them were
- [01:04:39.797]just choked out and the seeds in the root systems,
- [01:04:42.780]after all this time after being farmed and everything else,
- [01:04:46.440]they were still there.
- [01:04:47.670]And after they burned they came back.
- [01:04:49.440]But they also used like seed bombs.
- [01:04:52.230]I've got a bunch of friends over in Iowa
- [01:04:54.060]that hot seed that, you know
- [01:04:56.100]do these kinds of things and you can buy those seeds.
- [01:04:58.560]You can bring back big blue stem and little blue stem
- [01:05:02.310]and switch grass and all these other things.
- [01:05:06.210]But so many of the things that most Americans
- [01:05:08.370]think of as weeds, were a part of our
- [01:05:11.040]plant lifeways medicine.
- [01:05:13.680]So thank you for that work.
- [01:05:16.530]Any more questions.
- [01:05:24.480]Just outta of curiosity,
- [01:05:27.247]you feel for why Sunflower is left out of the original three
- [01:05:30.120]sisters in most of the literature?
- [01:05:33.433]It really has to do with that wonderful adversary of wind,
- [01:05:38.910]your plant.
- [01:05:41.400]So some tribes have a fourth sister.
- [01:05:44.880]I can certainly speak for our mother's tribe.
- [01:05:47.940]The Omaha's here our plots are ringed by sunflowers,
- [01:05:52.920]but especially on the south side,
- [01:05:55.110]anyone who tries to grow something, again you know,
- [01:05:57.330]in June, July there's that big wind that comes
- [01:06:00.990]and will knock a lot of things over.
- [01:06:02.700]So it's just a part of the legacy.
- [01:06:05.100]Some of the tribes, the Anishinaabe people
- [01:06:08.070]they have a fourth sister of wild rice
- [01:06:11.730]and just depends upon the environment.
- [01:06:13.590]But it's all part of that indigenous environmentalism
- [01:06:17.400]born outta wisdom thousands of years.
- [01:06:21.030]But the sunflower is a part of things.
- [01:06:24.000]And certainly through all my talks with Sacred Seed,
- [01:06:26.280]I always give homage to our fourth sister.
- [01:06:30.720]Sunflower is very important around here.
- [01:06:33.140]If there's any heavy metals in the ground,
- [01:06:36.300]they help extract them.
- [01:06:38.945]And of course they provide an excellent
- [01:06:41.403]wind break here in the heartland.
- [01:06:45.941]One more question.
- [01:06:50.196]Thank you for giving your talk.
- [01:06:53.130]You mentioned treating Earth as your mother, you know
- [01:06:56.660]as our mother and that being the way to enhance
- [01:07:00.870]environmental and agricultural sustainability
- [01:07:05.002]and that as a teaching from indigenous religion.
- [01:07:09.270]And so if you're not a Native American descent,
- [01:07:14.580]I guess how do we I guess
- [01:07:20.460]adopt those practices in a way that is appropriate?
- [01:07:24.870]Is it kind of trying to go back as our ancestry
- [01:07:29.400]and what practices were there?
- [01:07:31.020]Or is it where is the line between adopting
- [01:07:34.950]these practices and the cultural appropriation?
- [01:07:37.560]Ah, that's an very, very important question.
- [01:07:39.840]Thanks for bringing that up.
- [01:07:41.760]We lived and the day were any good ideas appropriate,
- [01:07:47.640]whether it's indigenous or wherever it may come from.
- [01:07:50.097]And I see these things all the time and sometimes
- [01:07:54.000]it really irks me.
- [01:07:55.647]But to answer your question carefully, respectfully,
- [01:08:01.020]and along with indigenous people who are the really
- [01:08:05.141]the only ones, I believe it's in our DNA.
- [01:08:08.190]All of this latent information that is a part of us.
- [01:08:11.820]And when I started working with
- [01:08:14.010]the Four Sisters of the Omahas
- [01:08:16.917]and getting my hands into the soil,
- [01:08:18.780]I really experienced some profound things,
- [01:08:23.430]sacred things that happened to me and to the land around
- [01:08:28.860]by being open to those teachings to come through.
- [01:08:32.900]So it really does need indigenous peoples to help.
- [01:08:39.000]So that's why part of my call to arms is work with local
- [01:08:42.900]indigenous tribes, wherever you're from,
- [01:08:44.940]and they're gonna be the ones who can help teach.
- [01:08:50.970]Again, UNL thank you very, very much.
- [01:08:52.860]I'll look forward to the rest of your.
- [01:08:54.658](audience applauds)
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