Teaching from Joy: Practical Functional Assessment and Skill Based Treatment Part 1
Ali Sweitzer & Jodie Tagel
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04/10/2023
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Description
Developed by Dr. Greg Hanley and FTF Behavioral Consulting, “The practical functional assessment and skill-based treatment process, which prioritizes safety and social acceptability, has proven to be a highly effective and generally applicable approach to treating severe problem behavior.” The focus is identifying when students are happy, relaxed, and engaged and subsequently teaching them positive behavioral skills to get their needs and wants met while maintaining safety, dignity, and televisibility. Most commonly this process has been done in more clinical or private school settings. Our goal is to share how we have implemented the process within public school settings by providing video examples, staff and parent testimonials, and progress of students participating in the process.
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- [00:00:00.174]Session.
- [00:00:06.635]Okay, so is this microwave?
- [00:00:08.244]Microwave, good way to start.
- [00:00:10.204]Is this microphone working?
- [00:00:13.152]Yeah, you can hear it in the back, okay, cool.
- [00:00:14.824]Can you hear it on Zoom?
- [00:00:17.833]Yes. Okay.
- [00:00:18.666]I'm not one that does well staying in one spot.
- [00:00:21.070]Okay, so yes, Amy,
- [00:00:22.373]thanks for saying all those nice things about us.
- [00:00:24.575]I am Ali Sweitzer and that is Jodie Tagel.
- [00:00:26.549]And we're here to talk about Teaching from Joy,
- [00:00:28.908]practical functional assessment and skill-based treatment.
- [00:00:31.899]This first part is just an overview,
- [00:00:35.083]a real quick overview, right, of this process.
- [00:00:39.037]So we'll give you kind of how we have run it
- [00:00:42.941]and some ideas for how you can
- [00:00:45.653]do this with your learners.
- [00:00:46.991]And then the part two is five case studies.
- [00:00:49.813]So if you're like, oh my gosh, you're done with part one,
- [00:00:52.557]and you're like, I want to see this in action,
- [00:00:54.615]stay for our next session, because it's five kids
- [00:00:56.340]that we've taken through the process,
- [00:00:57.708]and we have videos and testimonials and stuff,
- [00:01:00.476]so we're going to have some fun.
- [00:01:04.412]Here's our outcomes.
- [00:01:06.058]Not going to read through that,
- [00:01:07.081]but that's what we're going to do today.
- [00:01:10.063]Okay, so our presentation summary, this is hard--
- [00:01:14.514]I know.
- [00:01:15.514]Okay, so severe problem behaviors,
- [00:01:18.441]understood as learned behavior
- [00:01:20.514]influenced by outcomes and context.
- [00:01:23.247]The behavior may be extreme,
- [00:01:24.945]but the conditions in which they were learned were ordinary.
- [00:01:28.347]Within this process,
- [00:01:29.382]we can help individuals learn the power
- [00:01:31.408]of their functional communication,
- [00:01:33.289]and live a life free of severe problem behavior.
- [00:01:36.249]So all of what we're talking about is based
- [00:01:38.943]on Dr. Greg Hanley's work and his colleagues
- [00:01:42.233]at FTF Behavior Consulting, and all that they've done
- [00:01:46.559]around what they call today's ABA.
- [00:01:49.253]So some of you may be familiar with some of the controversy
- [00:01:55.001]and some advocates and parents
- [00:01:59.565]have said, you know, ABA is not safe
- [00:02:02.361]and ABA, you know, and that's not true.
- [00:02:05.696]We do lots of great things when it comes
- [00:02:08.707]to verbal behavior programming and priming
- [00:02:10.923]and visual schedules and all the things that we do
- [00:02:12.861]that are considered the science of ABA, right?
- [00:02:16.558]What Dr. Hanley and his team is really expressing is that,
- [00:02:21.019]when it comes to severe problem behavior,
- [00:02:24.043]we could probably do things a little bit better,
- [00:02:26.270]a little bit safer,
- [00:02:27.757]a way that leaves kids feeling better about themselves,
- [00:02:32.256]leaves staff feeling better about themselves,
- [00:02:35.121]a way where we really respect our learners
- [00:02:37.668]and treat them with dignity.
- [00:02:39.990]So that's what this,
- [00:02:44.512]today really for those learners
- [00:02:45.720]with severe problem behavior.
- [00:02:47.521]So with that, we're going to talk about,
- [00:02:51.804]give you a little brief, like why,
- [00:02:54.666]where is he coming from?
- [00:02:56.676]And he wrote this article called Today's ABA,
- [00:03:00.340]and this was just him talking.
- [00:03:01.635]He didn't really mean for this to get published.
- [00:03:03.762]He will tell you that he was just,
- [00:03:06.452]it was over COVID, or wasn't over COVID.
- [00:03:09.105]This came out actually after they've kind of been practicing
- [00:03:13.486]and he just wanted his thoughts out.
- [00:03:14.843]So there's not like research in this or anything,
- [00:03:16.668]it is literally just his thoughts on best practice,
- [00:03:19.549]and it's really well put together.
- [00:03:21.256]So we're going to break this apart for you,
- [00:03:23.912]to give you a little background of what this is,
- [00:03:26.067]and then we'll take you through the steps.
- [00:03:29.857]So the first part of the article talks about learn,
- [00:03:33.553]learn by listening.
- [00:03:34.699]So we are going to get all the people that are invested
- [00:03:37.274]in this, the learner, the table,
- [00:03:40.152]we're going to get their insight.
- [00:03:41.500]We're going to ask, what does this learner like?
- [00:03:44.810]What don't they like?
- [00:03:46.002]How do they like to be with people?
- [00:03:48.125]Do they like that work parallel?
- [00:03:49.824]Do they like attention?
- [00:03:51.099]Do they like you touching their stuff?
- [00:03:52.597]Or do they not like you touching their stuff?
- [00:03:55.350]What do they like?
- [00:03:56.925]How do they communicate?
- [00:03:58.315]What's the best way they can do that?
- [00:04:00.368]What are they communicating
- [00:04:02.152]when you see their severe problem behavior?
- [00:04:04.809]We're going to learn by listening to the people that know
- [00:04:07.657]that learner the best before we even get started
- [00:04:10.883]on how we're going to develop a program for that learner.
- [00:04:18.418]Oh, this one's mine.
- [00:04:20.048]This is my favorite one, learn by creating joy.
- [00:04:23.973]And I've seen, you'll get to see what happy, relaxed,
- [00:04:27.488]and engaged looks like for different kids.
- [00:04:30.026]And it is amazing to see,
- [00:04:32.164]but it's teaching through joy
- [00:04:35.128]and learning through joy by creating joy.
- [00:04:38.804]And I think that one of the things that has been kind of
- [00:04:42.296]mind-blowing to me is when you actually get a kid,
- [00:04:46.886]get all their favorite things in one place,
- [00:04:49.380]and they can access those,
- [00:04:51.538]their frame of mind, their trust in you completely expands.
- [00:04:58.239]And so one of the ways we create joy is,
- [00:05:02.926]we follow their lead.
- [00:05:04.477]And as teachers, sometimes it's hard
- [00:05:06.127]to give up that control,
- [00:05:07.948]but as we're working with them, trying to get them
- [00:05:11.384]to that happy, relaxed, and engaged place,
- [00:05:15.270]we are not controlling anything.
- [00:05:17.590]We are literally at their whim.
- [00:05:20.711]So if they make a social bid to you,
- [00:05:23.196]like they want to show you what they're doing
- [00:05:25.758]on this iPad game, or they want to show you that,
- [00:05:30.254]just there and just waiting for them
- [00:05:32.489]to interact with you or not.
- [00:05:35.029]Because I think also we know that, that by asking questions,
- [00:05:40.184]we think that's like engaging,
- [00:05:42.390]and that's showing we're interested.
- [00:05:44.014]But for some kids that's work.
- [00:05:45.853]And so when you're asking questions,
- [00:05:47.847]when you're pointing things out,
- [00:05:49.227]they're probably in their head, they may be saying,
- [00:05:51.195]"Shut up, I'm trying to enjoy this here."
- [00:05:53.967]But when they want you to engage with them, they will.
- [00:05:58.427]And so learning through joy also, and this one also,
- [00:06:01.787]you tell this to a school team and they're like, what?
- [00:06:06.651]Basically these kids, if they want to leave,
- [00:06:10.138]they can leave, they vote with their feet.
- [00:06:12.724]And I know like that is like, but they,
- [00:06:14.760]this kid is all over, what do we do, what do we do?
- [00:06:16.682]But that should be telling us that guess what,
- [00:06:19.004]we're missing something in this place.
- [00:06:21.489]They are going to look for something.
- [00:06:23.876]I know Ali shares a story about one of the kids that they
- [00:06:26.737]worked with through the cohort, that he left the room,
- [00:06:30.612]and it was chaotic and people were freaking out
- [00:06:33.775]because that was a common behavior for him,
- [00:06:35.871]to roam the school.
- [00:06:37.037]But he literally went to a place and wanted a snack.
- [00:06:39.882]Okay, guess what, we need to add snacks to this area, right?
- [00:06:43.305]And so they vote with their feet,
- [00:06:44.763]and we want them to stay in there.
- [00:06:46.061]So we are literally looking at them
- [00:06:49.745]to see what they want.
- [00:06:51.119]And when we do that,
- [00:06:52.360]they feel heard and they feel happy,
- [00:06:55.122]and we create that joy.
- [00:06:59.028]So once we've found a space or a place of a relationship
- [00:07:03.286]that joy is a part of,
- [00:07:05.909]and there's trust,
- [00:07:07.959]then we might just be empowering the learner.
- [00:07:10.912]So we teach them to trust that by helping them see that they
- [00:07:15.080]don't need to comply against their will
- [00:07:18.040]or demonstrate problem behavior for you to go
- [00:07:20.944]from your way to their way.
- [00:07:23.778]So what I mean by that is,
- [00:07:26.094]we've got all the good stuff there, right?
- [00:07:27.952]We're in relationship, we're engaged with each other,
- [00:07:31.363]they're loving life and we're going to just slowly
- [00:07:33.398]tell them that it's going to be done
- [00:07:35.057]with all their favorite things.
- [00:07:38.316]And we know because we've listened to the people
- [00:07:42.279]that know this learner the best.
- [00:07:44.673]We know what it looks like when they start to get upset.
- [00:07:47.604]We know some of those little behaviors, you know,
- [00:07:51.511]fist clench or facial or saying no,
- [00:07:54.367]or head down on the table, whatever it might be.
- [00:07:56.111]It's those little, little, little behaviors.
- [00:07:58.282]When we see those, we're going to go okay,
- [00:08:00.525]you know what, you can stay here, okay?
- [00:08:03.008]Hardest part for educators to grasp is this part right here.
- [00:08:06.833]If they start to show any form of severe problem behavior,
- [00:08:10.351]we're going to go, "Oh, sorry, you don't have to come
- [00:08:12.283]"to the table and work with me, okay?"
- [00:08:14.665]Doesn't end at all, so don't stop listening, okay?
- [00:08:18.686]So we're going to give in,
- [00:08:19.560]we're going to get them to understand,
- [00:08:21.767]oh, my behavior has power.
- [00:08:25.174]I don't have to go over to that table if I don't want to.
- [00:08:28.435]I don't have to go to the bathroom and wash my hands
- [00:08:32.018]if I don't want to, okay? We're going to empower them,
- [00:08:34.521]get them to understand my behavior has power and this person
- [00:08:39.072]trusts me, and we're going to do this together.
- [00:08:46.045]Okay, and learn while teaching,
- [00:08:48.439]kind of the same thing that we've already said.
- [00:08:51.156]One thing I love about what Hanley says is,
- [00:08:53.346]he is very adamant to communicate
- [00:08:55.938]that this is trauma-informed.
- [00:08:57.653]As Allie mentioned earlier, in the past,
- [00:09:02.377]applied behavioral analysis,
- [00:09:03.900]even though we know it's a science in its approach
- [00:09:06.294]to looking at behavior and patterns of behavior,
- [00:09:09.640]ABA in the past was perceived as coercive.
- [00:09:13.731]There is nothing coercive about this process.
- [00:09:17.964]It's trauma informed in that, like we said,
- [00:09:20.686]they are driving it.
- [00:09:21.876]They are learning the important skills
- [00:09:25.417]like leisure and play skills, communication.
- [00:09:28.358]We're giving them ways to communicate without having to go
- [00:09:31.942]to the big problem behaviors to tell us,
- [00:09:33.911]something is not right, something's missing.
- [00:09:36.471]And so we learn to teach those things.
- [00:09:41.152]Cooperation, play and leisure, being able to get
- [00:09:45.444]their needs met through more positive ways of communicating.
- [00:09:50.028]And we extend that cooperation
- [00:09:52.754]because that's the one thing that we,
- [00:09:55.341]that's probably getting in the way
- [00:09:56.353]of these students being successful,
- [00:09:58.437]is that level of cooperation for whatever reason,
- [00:10:02.455]because there's not trust,
- [00:10:03.925]because there's not that partnership.
- [00:10:08.617]We want to extend that communication in very systematic ways
- [00:10:12.790]while learning, while we're teaching.
- [00:10:15.936]If a problem behavior, even though it may be very small,
- [00:10:20.194]pops up in a session, that's telling us
- [00:10:23.583]that we need to change something.
- [00:10:24.908]And not two weeks later at a team meeting.
- [00:10:27.846]We're going to adjust what we're doing right then and there
- [00:10:30.960]in session, because that's telling us
- [00:10:33.859]that something's not right.
- [00:10:35.530]And so again, it's very powerful.
- [00:10:39.465]One of the things you'll see on a lot
- [00:10:41.278]of FTF Consulting slides and trainings,
- [00:10:44.774]it's a lot of times in the corner of every slide,
- [00:10:47.691]is values over procedures.
- [00:10:50.435]I think sometimes in applied behavioral analysis we get,
- [00:10:53.337]well, this is the teaching procedure.
- [00:10:55.489]And we get stuck in, oh,
- [00:10:56.657]I have to wait 30 seconds,
- [00:10:57.666]then I'm going to say this exact thing.
- [00:10:59.637]That is not what this is.
- [00:11:01.238]And so we are going to value that student,
- [00:11:04.187]we're going to value that person over the procedures.
- [00:11:07.054]And is there procedures?
- [00:11:08.357]Absolutely, but he encourages you to step
- [00:11:11.049]outside of those procedures while listening
- [00:11:14.422]to what they're saying during your teaching,
- [00:11:16.818]when you're teaching those skills.
- [00:11:21.589]So to kind of sum up his article,
- [00:11:22.806]I'm just going to read this,
- [00:11:23.639]because I can't say it better than him.
- [00:11:25.355]He says, "Ours is not to dominate,
- [00:11:27.580]"but to deescalate or better yet,
- [00:11:29.900]"prevent escalation in the first place.
- [00:11:32.088]I love that.
- [00:11:33.004]"Ours is not to coerce,
- [00:11:34.731]"but to listen, learn, guide and coach.
- [00:11:37.655]"Ours is not to redirect, restrain,
- [00:11:41.232]"or merely manage and modify.
- [00:11:43.246]"Ours is to understand, share and shape.
- [00:11:46.380]"Ours is to prioritize safety, rapport,
- [00:11:49.200]"and the televisability of what we do above all else.
- [00:11:52.683]"We have proven that meaningful outcomes can follow
- [00:11:55.161]"when we prioritize these things."
- [00:11:57.824]And he's not wrong.
- [00:11:59.479]And we get to share all the meaningful outcomes
- [00:12:03.390]that we've had, and we're so excited
- [00:12:05.273]to get to do that with you today.
- [00:12:07.675]And I think like that,
- [00:12:09.377]he talks a lot about the televisability.
- [00:12:12.349]You know, we should not have to be afraid of anyone
- [00:12:14.903]walking in the room when we're doing anything as teachers.
- [00:12:18.824]But this process is what they're going to see
- [00:12:21.257]when they walk into a room where a session
- [00:12:23.520]is being conducted, is you're going to see
- [00:12:26.989]all of those things, the joy,
- [00:12:28.274]the cooperation, and the partnership.
- [00:12:30.968]So that televisability thing is important,
- [00:12:34.617]the rapport is important,
- [00:12:36.225]and we're going to talk a lot about how that rapport
- [00:12:39.799]enhances this process. Yeah.
- [00:12:43.886]I'm going to talk a little bit about,
- [00:12:45.823]okay, so a lot of people will ask,
- [00:12:47.423]well, what's the difference between a functional analysis
- [00:12:51.172]and the practical functional analysis?
- [00:12:54.407]And I think there are several differences.
- [00:12:57.666]So I had the opportunity when I was in Iowa,
- [00:13:01.289]while I was there,
- [00:13:03.245]they had a statewide initiative to create
- [00:13:07.560]behavior teams in every region throughout the state of Iowa.
- [00:13:12.854]So I was on one of those behavior teams.
- [00:13:17.306]And one of the learning processes or trainings
- [00:13:20.593]that we were afforded was,
- [00:13:23.950]we would work with the people at Iowa City,
- [00:13:28.578]the University of Iowa,
- [00:13:30.417]and the Iowa Department of Education,
- [00:13:33.222]and we learned how to do functional analysis.
- [00:13:37.088]So several times a month we would have kids
- [00:13:40.008]that would travel with us, not with us,
- [00:13:42.685]but their parents would take them to clinic.
- [00:13:45.028]So in Nebraska that would be a lot like Munroe-Meyer.
- [00:13:49.603]And we would go there and we learned how to plan,
- [00:13:53.934]conduct, and analyze the results of a functional analysis.
- [00:13:57.860]So that was like, at that point in my career,
- [00:14:00.358]I thought I knew a lot about behavior.
- [00:14:02.640]And I didn't know what I didn't know.
- [00:14:04.958]And so during those five years of that project,
- [00:14:08.493]we learned how to do functional analysis.
- [00:14:10.981]And so what, basically, similarities is,
- [00:14:15.443]in practical functional assessment,
- [00:14:17.175]we do turn on and off behaviors,
- [00:14:20.176]but the behaviors that we turn off
- [00:14:22.413]in practical functional assessment is,
- [00:14:25.493]the very first signs of those precursor behaviors,
- [00:14:29.284]those very small behaviors, that's when we reinforce.
- [00:14:33.338]And so during a functional analysis, we would,
- [00:14:37.147]sometimes it would be even,
- [00:14:39.263]we're going to wait till they hit or scream.
- [00:14:42.094]Okay, so by that time they have gone,
- [00:14:44.576]upped their escalation to a point
- [00:14:47.187]where they are in extreme discomfort.
- [00:14:49.498]And so sometimes it didn't feel good to me
- [00:14:51.714]as a practitioner, when obviously,
- [00:14:55.191]we were upsetting this child.
- [00:14:57.452]The biggest difference,
- [00:14:59.025]and we'll talk a little bit more about that,
- [00:15:00.549]synthesized reinforcement and synthesized function,
- [00:15:03.424]I will have to say, that is the biggest difference,
- [00:15:06.017]because in a functional analysis,
- [00:15:07.713]what we do is we isolate each function.
- [00:15:11.170]So you have escape, tangible, attention,
- [00:15:15.085]and then that sensory piece.
- [00:15:18.829]But the three major conditions are tangible,
- [00:15:22.516]escape, demand and attention.
- [00:15:25.611]And so in like say,
- [00:15:26.795]let's just go through an attention function.
- [00:15:29.047]During that trial, what we're going to do is,
- [00:15:32.214]maybe it's you're going to, they've been in a situation
- [00:15:36.780]where they've had a lot of reinforcers
- [00:15:38.866]and they're playing free play.
- [00:15:40.549]We take them out of free play,
- [00:15:42.050]we call them to the table,
- [00:15:43.490]and we give them something to work on.
- [00:15:45.848]And we say, "But I can't help you.
- [00:15:47.661]"I'm going to be over here,
- [00:15:48.671]"I have to talk to Ms. Sweitzer for a second."
- [00:15:50.971]And we turn our back on them.
- [00:15:53.400]And if behavior comes out during that time,
- [00:15:58.349]over several
- [00:16:02.363]kind of trials that will tell us that attention is,
- [00:16:06.078]give them a demand that we know that they
- [00:16:08.428]probably don't like, maybe they hate to write.
- [00:16:10.679]So it's going to be a writing assignment.
- [00:16:12.745]And then during that, if behavior comes out,
- [00:16:15.179]so a lot of times what we would get is,
- [00:16:16.987]we would not get clear functions.
- [00:16:19.160]We would get a little bit in demand,
- [00:16:21.051]we'd get a little bit in attention.
- [00:16:22.674]And almost always, especially if the iPad was involved,
- [00:16:26.426]we'd get, the minute we restrict that iPad.
- [00:16:28.743]So basically a change, we would give it to them,
- [00:16:33.293]and then say, "Oh, you know what?
- [00:16:35.998]"This isn't available anymore," and we'd take it.
- [00:16:38.741]Usually we'd see a behavior right away,
- [00:16:40.335]we'd give it back to them.
- [00:16:41.664]Within 30 seconds, we'd restrict it again.
- [00:16:44.009]And so like I literally had kids say,
- [00:16:46.634]"Why are you messing with me?"
- [00:16:48.520]And I'm like, that did not feel good.
- [00:16:50.924]In practical and functional assessment,
- [00:16:53.379]so again, that isolation, and is it really televisable?
- [00:16:56.490]I would have to say, walking out of some of those sessions,
- [00:16:59.176]I'm like, you know,
- [00:17:00.621]we would get kids agitated to the point
- [00:17:02.846]where they would go back to a free play condition
- [00:17:05.315]where they were playing, and they had attention,
- [00:17:07.816]and there were no demands present and they were so upset,
- [00:17:11.212]we couldn't bring them back down.
- [00:17:13.420]And so they were ripping apart the room while in free play.
- [00:17:18.529]So again, it sometimes didn't feel good, was it televisable?
- [00:17:24.835]And I also, so we would bring these kids there
- [00:17:28.178]and we were learning how to do this.
- [00:17:29.864]And I was like,
- [00:17:30.697]"Okay, so what are the treatment options here?"
- [00:17:34.014]And sometimes, because maybe we had a little bit of behavior
- [00:17:36.509]and all, like we really didn't have anything.
- [00:17:38.315]It didn't lead to the program.
- [00:17:40.800]And so I would go back to the school teams
- [00:17:42.726]and they're like, "What did you find out?"
- [00:17:43.814]And I'm like, "Well, it came out that he doesn't like
- [00:17:47.774]"to do things he doesn't want to do."
- [00:17:50.192](students laughing) Okay, great.
- [00:17:51.739]They're like, "And how does that help us?"
- [00:17:54.051]So in practical functional assessment,
- [00:17:56.145]it does not aim to identify the function because he believes
- [00:18:00.734]that behaviors are multiply-controlled.
- [00:18:03.139]Which when I heard that in training, I was like,
- [00:18:05.604]"Yes, thank you."
- [00:18:07.728]I've been thinking that for years because when we write
- [00:18:10.888]an FBA and it's take the one behavior, right,
- [00:18:13.843]the function of that behavior,
- [00:18:16.144]sometimes there's a whole class of behaviors
- [00:18:18.548]that serve that function.
- [00:18:19.564]And sometimes, you know,
- [00:18:22.234]it might serve a function and then move to attention.
- [00:18:24.997]And then, you know, have you ever had the kid who escalates?
- [00:18:28.207]And at first, it's getting out of writing,
- [00:18:30.040]and they'll do lots of things until, you know,
- [00:18:32.125]a teacher says you need to go
- [00:18:33.795]to Ms. Schweitzer in the resource room.
- [00:18:36.091]And they're like, "Yes, I'm out."
- [00:18:37.843]And then it becomes, now we're running around the room
- [00:18:40.666]and we're throwing things,
- [00:18:42.210]and now it's very attention-seeking.
- [00:18:43.955]So that move to attention was very common.
- [00:18:46.912]And so I'm like, it's not just one function,
- [00:18:48.990]and function can change in the moment.
- [00:18:51.186]And so it's hard to write that down per behavior.
- [00:18:55.256]So it does not identify the function.
- [00:18:58.906]The other thing I loved,
- [00:19:00.922]that when we ran a functional analysis in clinic,
- [00:19:05.383]it was often, most often it was done by someone
- [00:19:07.896]that kid had never met before.
- [00:19:09.812]So it wasn't the teacher, it wasn't the parent,
- [00:19:12.248]it wasn't where the people
- [00:19:14.019]that they're used to dealing with.
- [00:19:15.373]And so sometimes, we wouldn't see any behavior.
- [00:19:18.207]So we've driven them all the way to Iowa City,
- [00:19:20.869]and guess what, we don't see anything.
- [00:19:23.004]Well, there was a lot of reasons for that.
- [00:19:25.314]The parent had driven with them for four hours
- [00:19:28.768]from Council Bluffs, and they've gone out to eat,
- [00:19:32.048]they got to stay in a hotel,
- [00:19:33.730]they've probably been swimming.
- [00:19:35.528]They have all front-loaded on attention.
- [00:19:38.056]And these are people that they never met before.
- [00:19:40.628]So sometimes we didn't see anything.
- [00:19:43.097]But the practical and functional assessment
- [00:19:45.592]is with the people who are the caregivers,
- [00:19:48.028]whether that be a teacher or the parent.
- [00:19:52.215]I've personally, because we're doing this in schools,
- [00:19:55.407]whereas we get the parents' input through the interview,
- [00:19:59.425]it's most always the person
- [00:20:01.890]that deals with them the most at school.
- [00:20:03.743]Paraprofessionals? Yeah.
- [00:20:05.874]Amazing. It is amazing.
- [00:20:08.064]Because if that is the person
- [00:20:09.536]that's dealing with them the most,
- [00:20:11.203]to make this more authentic,
- [00:20:12.311]we're going to use the real people dealing with this kid
- [00:20:14.927]in the real environment.
- [00:20:17.956]And it leads to skill-based treatment, which you will see,
- [00:20:20.759]which we'll go through.
- [00:20:22.546]And also it's considered trauma-informed.
- [00:20:24.453]I don't feel like I'm messing with this kid.
- [00:20:26.754]I don't feel that pit in my stomach.
- [00:20:30.142]And so it is trauma-informed and we are having them
- [00:20:33.862]lead this process, which is very empowering.
- [00:20:37.668]So this is that part about synthesized reinforcement.
- [00:20:39.800]I think in the training, I say this all the time,
- [00:20:42.317]this makes sense to me.
- [00:20:44.741]We want to do what we want to do,
- [00:20:47.099]with the people we want to do it,
- [00:20:48.659]in a way we want to do it, right?
- [00:20:50.396]And so when we talk about all of those things together,
- [00:20:53.873]that is synthesized reinforcement.
- [00:20:56.591]They love the iPad or they love to play Legos
- [00:21:00.971]or they love to play Minecraft,
- [00:21:03.540]but sometimes they like to do that
- [00:21:05.305]with somebody, sometimes not.
- [00:21:07.387]But sometimes it's more fun.
- [00:21:10.108]So like when we have a kid that we're like,
- [00:21:12.118]well, I've given a time-out from the iPad,
- [00:21:14.691]but that doesn't seem to do it,
- [00:21:16.785]but if I sit down and do that with them,
- [00:21:18.684]or if I do something else with them,
- [00:21:21.744]that combination of doing something fun with someone
- [00:21:26.955]is way more powerful than doing that alone.
- [00:21:30.394]And so I loved, like he said one time,
- [00:21:33.204]it was like he goes, think about yourselves.
- [00:21:36.183]So guess what, you decide I just can't do it today.
- [00:21:40.734]It's going to be a mental health day.
- [00:21:42.333]I don't call in sick to work and you're not really sick,
- [00:21:45.002]but I just need it.
- [00:21:46.173]So most people in the old ABA would say,
- [00:21:50.253]"Well, that's escape intent.
- [00:21:51.785]You're escaping work as a pursuit today.
- [00:21:54.735]You don't want to go there.
- [00:21:56.250]But how reinforcing would that be if,
- [00:22:01.245]yep, you got out of work,
- [00:22:02.714]but someone turned off your Netflix.
- [00:22:04.658]You're not going to be able to binge that all day.
- [00:22:06.890]Or they're doing some construction in your house
- [00:22:09.633]and you can't take a nap, right?
- [00:22:11.755]So you, yes, it's escape,
- [00:22:14.011]but you also want to access those other things
- [00:22:16.414]that are going to make the day enjoyable.
- [00:22:18.881]So I always think about that,
- [00:22:20.543]and that makes so much sense to me.
- [00:22:24.813]Okay, so we're going to move into the SBT part
- [00:22:27.277]of the PFA/SBT.
- [00:22:29.988]This is kind of our blanket statement when people
- [00:22:31.696]ask us what is PFA/SBT.
- [00:22:33.745]So if you need to help people,
- [00:22:35.777]here's your one really long run-on sentence
- [00:22:38.499]that can do that for you.
- [00:22:39.936]So practical functional assessment and skill-based treatment
- [00:22:42.748]is an intervention for individuals who routinely
- [00:22:45.486]engage in severe problem behavior
- [00:22:47.724]that focuses on teaching students communication, toleration,
- [00:22:51.785]and cooperation while prioritizing safety,
- [00:22:56.031]dignity, therapeutic rapport,
- [00:22:58.081]and peaceful progress for the individual.
- [00:23:01.279]I want to go back to that therapeutic rapport.
- [00:23:03.594]We talk, how many of you guys have been
- [00:23:04.894]to a behavior training and they talk about caring,
- [00:23:07.563]and build a relationship and build rapport, right?
- [00:23:10.110]You've all heard it over and over and over.
- [00:23:13.315]Last week, I was at the Nebraska EDA conference
- [00:23:16.724]and Dr. Alice Shillingsburg was presenting on,
- [00:23:21.710]so programming stuff, and she was using this language
- [00:23:24.820]of therapeutic rapport, and I was able to talk to her
- [00:23:27.882]more about it afterwards, and I asked her, so smart.
- [00:23:31.351]So thinking about, we have rapport with our students,
- [00:23:33.996]lots of them, right?
- [00:23:35.283]We've got a good positive rapport.
- [00:23:37.427]However, with these kids that really, really,
- [00:23:40.836]really struggle, we are going to ask them
- [00:23:43.488]to do really, really hard things.
- [00:23:45.274]Things that are hard for them,
- [00:23:46.419]whether that's functional communication or accepting no
- [00:23:49.870]or doing their math or whatever that might be.
- [00:23:52.928]So we need to not just build a positive interaction, right?
- [00:23:57.627]Be able to have those positive interactions.
- [00:23:59.660]We need a therapeutic rapport in the sense that
- [00:24:03.290]we want them to like us so much
- [00:24:05.097]that they're willing to say, yes,
- [00:24:06.779]I would stop doing my very favorite things to go
- [00:24:10.071]to that table with you and work on
- [00:24:11.963]really hard things with you.
- [00:24:13.713]It's a little bit different than just
- [00:24:14.590]having a positive rapport, right?
- [00:24:16.273]So I like that language of therapeutic,
- [00:24:19.188]we need some therapy out of this.
- [00:24:21.172]And that's the kind of rapport that we need to build.
- [00:24:23.324]So maybe think a little bit differently
- [00:24:25.990]about relationship building, I guess.
- [00:24:30.125]So the goals for educators is to be able to bring the joy.
- [00:24:33.828]You'll hear in our testimonial video a little bit later
- [00:24:36.378]from some educators that have done this,
- [00:24:38.719]and a lot of things out of their mouths are,
- [00:24:41.766]it's fun, I love working with this kid.
- [00:24:44.827]We have so much, all the joy
- [00:24:46.518]that they express when doing this.
- [00:24:48.837]To be able to develop trusting relationships.
- [00:24:51.561]To be able to turn problem behavior off
- [00:24:53.660]before it gets severe, again, we don't care
- [00:24:55.963]about function right now, we want to know,
- [00:24:57.342]can we turn it off for everybody's safety?
- [00:24:59.704]And that's our goal of PFA,
- [00:25:01.424]is can we turn problem behavior off
- [00:25:03.637]to be where everybody's safe?
- [00:25:05.513]And when we can do that,
- [00:25:07.830]then we can start teaching skills, right?
- [00:25:10.316]So that's what that focuses on.
- [00:25:12.212]And to be able to teach effectively without fear.
- [00:25:16.395]The goals for students:
- [00:25:17.371]to learn skills to free them from problem behavior,
- [00:25:20.825]to feel empowered to behave safely and protectively
- [00:25:23.847]in spite of everyday challenges,
- [00:25:25.579]and to build and maintain strong, trusting relationships.
- [00:25:32.407]You'll see a lot, I think you're going
- [00:25:33.731]to see safety, dignity, rapport, peaceful progress.
- [00:25:36.915]All of that, just written in a different way.
- [00:25:41.833]Oh.
- [00:25:43.671]So who, this isn't for everybody because
- [00:25:49.075]we are going to save this process for the most
- [00:25:53.330]challenging unsafe
- [00:25:57.320]behaviors for those kids.
- [00:25:59.667]Because again, this is a process and it's not,
- [00:26:04.718]it is somewhat complicated to begin with,
- [00:26:07.166]and then once you get rolling,
- [00:26:09.640]but this is that for those kids that go to those very,
- [00:26:13.586]very extreme behaviors to get their needs met at school.
- [00:26:19.050]And so that is who this is for.
- [00:26:23.302]Again, that major self injuries for kids
- [00:26:26.334]who are hurting themselves,
- [00:26:27.823]for those kids who are hurting their peers
- [00:26:30.222]and adults in school.
- [00:26:31.937]And we are going to send them out or send them
- [00:26:34.783]to a different school because we can't.
- [00:26:37.547]We've done it with a couple kids in our behavior program.
- [00:26:41.528]And again, I'm very excited to share that,
- [00:26:43.893]those cases with you, and those severe
- [00:26:46.456]property destruction kids.
- [00:26:51.465]Okay, so basically, here is how it gets going.
- [00:26:56.055]So there is a planning session,
- [00:26:58.563]many planning sessions actually, and the training.
- [00:27:01.475]So there is a training through FTF that is a--
- [00:27:03.873]Well, each one of these has a component, yep.
- [00:27:06.669]Oh, sorry. Sort of type.
- [00:27:08.352]So this is the list and then we'll go
- [00:27:09.617]through those each one by one.
- [00:27:11.119]All right, so the planning and training,
- [00:27:12.874]that's what I just said.
- [00:27:13.820]There is a 10 hour, a 12 hour course from FTF,
- [00:27:16.921]that interview and discussion of behaviors and triggers,
- [00:27:19.975]like what are the triggers and reinforcers.
- [00:27:22.793]So that interview is going to be done.
- [00:27:24.999]Sometimes I do it with parents,
- [00:27:27.054]sometimes I do it with staff, sometimes I do with both.
- [00:27:30.253]So we want to know down to the nitty gritty,
- [00:27:33.494]what are the behaviors you're seeing,
- [00:27:36.648]because we're going to ask the people
- [00:27:38.605]who know the most about this kid, okay?
- [00:27:40.930]This is the learn by listening part.
- [00:27:42.422]So when we talked about Hanley's article,
- [00:27:44.288]this where we start, we learn by listening.
- [00:27:48.115]And so we're going to complete basically the baseline.
- [00:27:52.897]This behavioral health index is just kind of a checklist
- [00:27:56.511]where we're going to take that baseline
- [00:27:58.844]pre-intervention data, we're going to rate
- [00:28:02.784]them on different categories.
- [00:28:04.792]And then we're going to plan the analysis.
- [00:28:06.316]And we do that when it says IISCA,
- [00:28:08.442]that just means the interview, okay?
- [00:28:10.509]So through that interview, that information we get,
- [00:28:13.357]what are the behaviors, what are the common triggers?
- [00:28:16.132]What is it that, you know, you would like to see?
- [00:28:20.079]What would make you this kid's life easier,
- [00:28:22.014]if they learned to do what?
- [00:28:24.039]That's where we're going to do that.
- [00:28:26.044]And then completing the workbook.
- [00:28:28.211]So there's a practical functional assessment
- [00:28:30.471]part of the workbook, and then there's
- [00:28:32.053]a skills-based treatment part of the workbook.
- [00:28:34.208]And we're going to work with the teams to create those.
- [00:28:37.257]That's where most of the planning is done,
- [00:28:40.944]and sometimes a little time-consuming to start out.
- [00:28:44.188]But once you got all of those things in place,
- [00:28:46.602]and you kind of have a roadmap for where you're going,
- [00:28:49.123]the process then goes on and it's not as
- [00:28:53.628]intense as far as time-consuming and things like that.
- [00:28:57.059]And it's super important to have that done
- [00:28:58.404]before you start, because you have your end in mind.
- [00:29:00.639]What are the socially valid goals that we want our learners
- [00:29:04.031]to be able to go out, and you know,
- [00:29:06.320]a lot of these learners that are
- [00:29:10.202]good candidates for this are,
- [00:29:12.855]they're in their homes because the parents
- [00:29:14.770]can't take them out in public, right?
- [00:29:17.001]They are very restricted in that,
- [00:29:19.772]their opportunities at school, just life in general.
- [00:29:22.977]So when we can say like, what do we want?
- [00:29:25.076]And we always have, what do you want want for your kids?
- [00:29:29.243]You know, they tell us I want this and we're like,
- [00:29:31.516]we're going to make it happen.
- [00:29:33.396]And so knowing that end goal is just super powerful
- [00:29:37.359]as we move through all of this.
- [00:29:42.059]Okay, so basically the most important thing is,
- [00:29:46.068]before we start, we need to know
- [00:29:47.787]what makes a kid happy, relaxed and engaged.
- [00:29:50.687]Sometimes you think, well, that's easy.
- [00:29:52.454]We know what they like.
- [00:29:53.548]It is not as easy as you would think with some kids.
- [00:29:56.506]For some kids, yeah, for sure,
- [00:29:58.251]I know pretty much.
- [00:29:59.386]And we get all of those things in the room
- [00:30:00.772]and we put them in happy and relaxed and engaged,
- [00:30:03.579]and that's where we are.
- [00:30:04.988]But for some kids it's hard to get them to a place,
- [00:30:08.333]because when you think about it, again,
- [00:30:10.049]remember when we say they vote with their feet,
- [00:30:11.676]that means they leave the classroom.
- [00:30:13.828]That means we don't got something that they want
- [00:30:16.966]and need, and we'll get them to that HRE.
- [00:30:20.597]And again, remembering that that's student-led,
- [00:30:24.015]better quality of stuff,
- [00:30:26.716]better quantity of stuff, and intentional attention.
- [00:30:30.065]Remember when I talked about we don't,
- [00:30:32.253]I'm going to give them attention only when
- [00:30:33.646]they bid me for it, right?
- [00:30:34.960]So when they reach out to me, yep,
- [00:30:36.313]I'm going to give it back and be there
- [00:30:38.161]for that moment when they do that.
- [00:30:40.805]I know we talked a little bit yesterday
- [00:30:42.630]about happy, relaxed, and engaged isn't always like,
- [00:30:45.421]when I think of happy, relaxed and engaged,
- [00:30:47.203]I'm thinking I'm-- On a beach.
- [00:30:49.537]On a beach and I'm relaxed.
- [00:30:51.691]But happy, relaxed and engaged could be
- [00:30:53.403]jamming out to a song.
- [00:30:54.980]It could be swinging
- [00:30:57.872]on a swing and giggling.
- [00:31:00.185]And so it doesn't mean relaxed as in relaxed,
- [00:31:03.142]it means where-- Flapping around the room,
- [00:31:06.637]it might be jacked and they're listening to Taylor Swift,
- [00:31:10.057]or you know, what the student likes, and that's okay.
- [00:31:12.789]The one thing I like about intentional attention,
- [00:31:18.125]as a teacher, you're busy, right?
- [00:31:20.216]Like how many things,
- [00:31:21.556]you have a billion things going on in your day.
- [00:31:23.951]And you probably have, if you're a teacher,
- [00:31:25.791]you probably have not only your students,
- [00:31:27.786]but you have paras' schedules and you know, SOPs, PTs,
- [00:31:30.721]people that you're collaborating with, right?
- [00:31:33.108]So when we give our students their reinforcement,
- [00:31:37.099]we opt in turn and send an email or shoot a text
- [00:31:40.530]or go get something ready or write,
- [00:31:43.942]this is intentional attention.
- [00:31:47.008]And I actually in behavior training, I do,
- [00:31:49.580]I just talk about this way more now,
- [00:31:50.772]because I see the power of it.
- [00:31:52.432]This is no, I am available to you as your teacher,
- [00:31:55.525]I'm going to show you that I am here for you
- [00:31:57.227]and I am there for you.
- [00:31:59.423]And I was just listening to a podcast the other day
- [00:32:02.860]that felt like it was talking to me, because oftentimes
- [00:32:06.249]in our practical functional assessment,
- [00:32:08.976]kids that we think would be starting to progress,
- [00:32:12.686]the EO, they call it.
- [00:32:13.902]So when my student said,
- [00:32:15.002]"Hey, we're going to go to the table
- [00:32:16.046]"and do that really hard step you don't want to do,"
- [00:32:18.870]we are thinking, oh my god,
- [00:32:20.112]they're going to go to the ground, they're going to kick me,
- [00:32:22.389]they're going to hit me, they're going to scream at me.
- [00:32:24.538]Oftentimes when we do the analysis they yelped,
- [00:32:27.578]okay, we get up and go and teachers
- [00:32:29.888]have literally been like this, we're like.
- [00:32:33.122]But to Ali's point, five minutes,
- [00:32:35.760]just because we always give them about five minutes
- [00:32:37.943]of this HRE time before we give them
- [00:32:40.008]any of the hard demands.
- [00:32:41.846]Five minutes of the intentional therapeutic rapport building
- [00:32:46.621]session can go really, really far.
- [00:32:49.183]And I have seen that over and over and over,
- [00:32:51.647]and it's really powerful.
- [00:32:52.799]So really be intentional with that.
- [00:32:56.121]So we're going to show you a little video
- [00:32:57.759]of some our friends and what they love,
- [00:33:01.300]back to being happy, relaxed, and engaged.
- [00:33:09.783]♪ It might seem crazy what I'm 'bout to say ♪
- [00:33:15.513]♪ Sunshine, she's here, you can take a break ♪
- [00:33:23.893]♪ I'm a hot air balloon that could go to space ♪
- [00:33:29.819]♪ With the air, like I don't care, baby by the way ♪
- [00:33:35.138]♪ Huh, because I'm happy ♪
- [00:33:36.586]♪ Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof ♪
- [00:33:41.635]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:33:42.592]♪ Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth ♪
- [00:33:47.254]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:33:48.474]♪ Clap along if you know what happiness is to you ♪
- [00:33:53.102]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:33:54.301]♪ Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do ♪
- [00:34:00.224]That's like the face.
- [00:34:01.133]♪ Here come bad news talking this and that ♪
- [00:34:05.905]♪ Yeah, well give me all you got, don't hold back ♪
- [00:34:11.611]♪ Yeah, well I should probably warn you I'll be just fine ♪
- [00:34:17.862]♪ Yeah, no offense to you don't waste your time, here's why ♪
- [00:34:23.282]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:34:24.600]♪ Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof ♪
- [00:34:29.361]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:34:30.553]♪ Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth ♪
- [00:34:35.253]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:34:36.528]♪ Clap along if you know what happiness is to you ♪
- [00:34:41.282]♪ Because I'm happy ♪
- [00:34:42.533]♪ Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do ♪
- [00:34:47.957]♪ Uh, bring me down ♪
- [00:34:50.586]♪ Can't nothing, bring me down ♪
- [00:34:53.492]♪ My level's too high to bring me down ♪
- [00:34:56.663]♪ Can't nothing, bring me down, I said ♪
- [00:35:00.397]♪ Happy, happy ♪ ♪ Bring me down, can't nothing ♪
- [00:35:03.548]♪ Bring me down ♪
- [00:35:05.477]♪ My level's too high to bring me down ♪
- [00:35:08.730]♪ Can't nothing, bring me down, I said ♪
- [00:35:11.131]That wagon, that was all the teacher's idea, not mine.
- [00:35:14.681]He could not, he let it to a tee.
- [00:35:17.444]He was simply leading,
- [00:35:19.322]if we don't have it, we don't have it.
- [00:35:20.884]And we brought it, well, all the things.
- [00:35:23.905](indistinct)
- [00:35:35.939]Of course, sorry, I don't know why it's red.
- [00:35:40.200]But, and we, I mean we brainstormed a couple times.
- [00:35:43.182]We're like, what?
- [00:35:44.015]What are we missing? What are we missing?
- [00:35:46.739]And I came back like three days later they had were like,
- [00:35:50.750]we're going to go to Walmart and get all these things.
- [00:35:52.050]And they were like, it's not working, it's not working.
- [00:35:54.074]And they had this bucket of water and he was doing this,
- [00:35:56.715]and he never left a session again,
- [00:35:58.962]and they would let him do what he wanted with the water,
- [00:36:01.528]and they learned how to make it manageable, right?
- [00:36:03.481]But it was easier than cleaning up an entire ball pit
- [00:36:06.580]of balls that he had dumped all over and you know,
- [00:36:09.260]so I was just really impressed with them coming up with this
- [00:36:15.233]on their own, and being willing to try it.
- [00:36:19.513]Okay, so we talked a little bit about functional assessment.
- [00:36:22.031]So we're just going to go through the steps
- [00:36:23.833]and what they look like.
- [00:36:25.387]Again, there is a 10-hour training that goes over this.
- [00:36:27.889]So you're getting like a little tiny bit of information.
- [00:36:30.876]Don't feel like, I heard all about that,
- [00:36:33.194]I can go out and do it, because it's not like that.
- [00:36:36.719]So this is just a little tease of information.
- [00:36:39.506]So you're going to carry out the analysis
- [00:36:41.301]and demonstrate control of the public behavior.
- [00:36:43.091]So that's really what we talked about of just finding out
- [00:36:45.413]how to turn on and off that behavior.
- [00:36:47.305]And then the first step that you're going to teach,
- [00:36:49.338]when you move into the skill-based treatment,
- [00:36:51.474]is that functional communication.
- [00:36:54.049]When I don't like something that's about to happen to me,
- [00:36:56.568]or somebody tells me something I don't like,
- [00:36:58.124]or I see something I don't like,
- [00:36:59.799]what is one simple thing that I can say or do
- [00:37:03.335]to get me out of that, to get me what I want?
- [00:37:06.697]So if you have heard of the my way process,
- [00:37:09.357]that's also what this is.
- [00:37:11.351]So oftentimes, kids will say, "My way."
- [00:37:13.906]Like yep, we can go back to your way, cool.
- [00:37:16.516]Kids that are, you know, have done this,
- [00:37:19.042]they've hit buttons on their devices,
- [00:37:21.087]they've hit Big Mac switches.
- [00:37:23.256]So it's, they've handed pictures, do it my way.
- [00:37:27.415]Okay, all forms of communication work.
- [00:37:31.074]Some have had multiple,
- [00:37:32.386]like you do you do any one of these three?
- [00:37:34.270]Well, cool, we'll roll with it.
- [00:37:36.043]So we teach them a functional communication response
- [00:37:39.096]to get them back to their way
- [00:37:41.446]that is not kicking, hitting,
- [00:37:45.108]rolling around on the floor, running away.
- [00:37:48.149]So the first two, that's the first step.
- [00:37:52.318]Slide 18.
- [00:37:56.009]So the next one is teaching toleration.
- [00:37:58.733]So great, now they can say my way, that's not realistic,
- [00:38:01.205]it can't be my way all the time.
- [00:38:03.072]So then they have to learn to tolerate,
- [00:38:05.715]"No, not right now."
- [00:38:07.235]Because there are just times, that's life.
- [00:38:09.566]There are going to be times where we cannot
- [00:38:11.728]give them my way at that time.
- [00:38:13.147]So we're going to teach them a response.
- [00:38:15.094]So verbal kids, most likely that's okay, right?
- [00:38:18.519]Other kids, it might be okay on their pad.
- [00:38:22.079]Sometimes we've taught them a toleration response.
- [00:38:26.254]I know a kid did this, but as we went through the process,
- [00:38:29.738]he was like going from this to this,
- [00:38:32.369]it got confusing and basically he was telling us okay
- [00:38:35.861]by doing what we're saying. Yeah.
- [00:38:38.033]And so what we have to have, teach them
- [00:38:40.793]some sort of toleration response.
- [00:38:42.607]And then the next one is that when we say
- [00:38:46.806]CAB one, it's just another acronym
- [00:38:49.577]in our world of education,
- [00:38:51.406]that's a culturally appropriate--
- [00:38:53.605]Contextually.
- [00:38:54.747]Or contextually appropriate behavior, thank you.
- [00:38:57.629]That's giving up reinforcers is the next one.
- [00:39:01.050]How many kids do you have that like we can't give them
- [00:39:04.926]the iPad because they won't give it up.
- [00:39:07.560]It brings out problem behavior.
- [00:39:10.073]And so that's a very important skill to give,
- [00:39:13.765]be able to give up their most favorite thing.
- [00:39:16.052]Kind of what Dr. Cluth was saying this morning.
- [00:39:18.027]You know her, give them the whale thing.
- [00:39:20.359]Just give them the whale.
- [00:39:21.884]The reason I always hear in schools is we can't,
- [00:39:25.427]like they love these videos and they're very motivating
- [00:39:27.867]to them, but they cause problem behavior
- [00:39:29.824]when it's time to stop.
- [00:39:31.289]And so that is a very important skill to learn.
- [00:39:34.391]So giving up reinforcers is that CAB one.
- [00:39:37.528]And then CAB two, now that we've given,
- [00:39:39.434]we've said my way, no, not right now.
- [00:39:43.432]And they've given you the iPad or put the blocks away
- [00:39:49.159]and now we're going to ask them to transition
- [00:39:51.508]to the table of high expectations.
- [00:39:53.196]That's where we do the hard work.
- [00:39:55.480]And so that's where we're going to go with CAB two.
- [00:39:59.376]So once they transition to that table,
- [00:40:03.593]once they get there at that point, we're going to say,
- [00:40:05.912]"That's a great job.
- [00:40:07.150]"You can go back to my way."
- [00:40:08.801]Because what we're doing through this whole process is
- [00:40:12.310]shaping basically behavior and once after,
- [00:40:16.392]so between the communication response
- [00:40:20.544]and CAB two, that's one thing that everybody learns.
- [00:40:23.323]Anyone who goes through this process,
- [00:40:25.634]these are all things that everyone learns.
- [00:40:28.028]And then it becomes, once we can master those core skills,
- [00:40:32.095]then we can move on to the different branches
- [00:40:35.251]that are more individualized, and we'll target areas
- [00:40:38.331]that this student needs to work on.
- [00:40:42.623]And Jodi kind of alluded to this,
- [00:40:45.038]but we do reinforce these.
- [00:40:46.889]So when we're just on functional communication response,
- [00:40:50.263]and we're teaching them to say my way,
- [00:40:51.734]they get it, okay, we immediately prompt them.
- [00:40:54.132]We do that errorless teaching, right?
- [00:40:55.553]So we say, "We're all done, time to go to tables."
- [00:40:58.700]They say, "My way."
- [00:40:59.858]They say my way.
- [00:41:01.025]Wow, nice job saying my way.
- [00:41:02.717]You can go back to your way, go have fun, right?
- [00:41:05.609]And then we fade our prompting and pretty quick,
- [00:41:08.865]because they're like, "Oh, man, all I did was say my way,"
- [00:41:11.546]"all I gotta do this."
- [00:41:12.501]I go back to my step and pick up that real quickly.
- [00:41:15.810]Then when they do that,
- [00:41:16.896]we get some pretty consistent independent responding,
- [00:41:19.283]and then we move on, okay?
- [00:41:20.760]So that's kind of what that teaching process.
- [00:41:23.339]Then the same thing for, oh they say my way, not right now.
- [00:41:26.743]When we say, "Not right now. Say, okay, okay."
- [00:41:30.460]Hey, nice job accepting no, you can go back to your way.
- [00:41:33.469]Okay, and then we shape it.
- [00:41:34.548]So then you get to where sometimes,
- [00:41:36.543]the reinforcement never goes away.
- [00:41:38.211]So you might be going through this process
- [00:41:41.105]and be on CAB two, but every once in a while,
- [00:41:44.483]we're still going to reinforce
- [00:41:46.301]just that first initial my way, okay?
- [00:41:48.805]So that that skill doesn't go away.
- [00:41:51.152]So often as educators, we have this expectation,
- [00:41:54.497]we're like no, this is where they are
- [00:41:55.677]and this is where we're reinforcing, right?
- [00:41:58.066]But it's okay to reinforce the earlier skills,
- [00:42:01.174]to maintain them, to let them know
- [00:42:03.007]those are still really important, right?
- [00:42:05.154]Especially in a situation like this.
- [00:42:07.084]So that's how these are each time.
- [00:42:13.007]So CABS three through five is teaching cooperation.
- [00:42:16.245]So we've got functional communication, we've got tolerance,
- [00:42:18.480]we've got transition, and now we're moving on
- [00:42:20.177]to cooperating with the hard step.
- [00:42:21.749]And we do that, so there's three different steps,
- [00:42:26.696]and CAB three is just starting.
- [00:42:28.963]So they go over to the table and they do
- [00:42:30.585]just a couple things and by a couple,
- [00:42:33.720]I mean maybe they grabbed their pencil
- [00:42:35.347]and put the pencil to the paper.
- [00:42:36.999]Maybe they do a couple verbal behavior cards.
- [00:42:40.524]I mean they do just a couple things.
- [00:42:43.920]"Wow, way to get started coming over
- [00:42:45.303]"and get started on your work right away!"
- [00:42:47.212]"You can go back to your way and have some fun."
- [00:42:49.767]And when they go back to your way and have some fun,
- [00:42:52.573]it's like 30 seconds to a minute 30.
- [00:42:55.377]So it's not like they're going back
- [00:42:56.755]to 10 minutes of their way, does that make sense?
- [00:42:59.891]You start there, you start with about four
- [00:43:01.548]or five minutes every session,
- [00:43:03.605]getting them feeling good and building
- [00:43:05.283]that therapeutic rapport every day.
- [00:43:07.714]Reminding them that you know, that things do happen,
- [00:43:10.650]but then the rest of that session is
- [00:43:13.473]for like 30 seconds to a minute 30.
- [00:43:14.991]And you differentiate that every time.
- [00:43:16.774]So it's not always 30 seconds, it's not always a minute 30.
- [00:43:21.093]And then CAB four.
- [00:43:22.140]So three is just getting started.
- [00:43:23.925]CAB four is getting started on couple things,
- [00:43:26.926]so varying is what, that CAB is called is varying.
- [00:43:31.988]So you're just doing a couple things from some,
- [00:43:34.876]a variety of different activities.
- [00:43:37.323]So it might be activities related to math,
- [00:43:39.060]it might be activities related to leisure,
- [00:43:41.159]it might be activities related to daily living skills.
- [00:43:43.266]Whatever you have decided is really important for that kid
- [00:43:46.323]to be successful and to have a better life.
- [00:43:48.579]Those are where these things come in.
- [00:43:50.820]And then five is growing in the amount
- [00:43:54.510]of cooperation that's expected.
- [00:43:56.681]So it might be time-based, it might be response-based,
- [00:43:59.272]it might be activity-based.
- [00:44:01.428]So five is where you really grow it.
- [00:44:04.255]One thing that I love,
- [00:44:05.751]love about this process is that it has,
- [00:44:09.536]it embeds challenges.
- [00:44:11.317]Oftentimes, like Jodi was just saying,
- [00:44:13.203]well, the iPad is most reinforcing thing to them.
- [00:44:15.197]That's what motivates them the most.
- [00:44:16.719]But we don't ever let them have it
- [00:44:18.595]because it causes problem behavior.
- [00:44:21.323]Well now, how are we going to do anything?
- [00:44:22.781]We don't have a motivated kid, right?
- [00:44:24.795]So, or gosh yeah,
- [00:44:26.055]they don't really like that blue chair
- [00:44:29.761]that they're expected to sit in, that every kid is expected.
- [00:44:32.335]So we got them their own yellow chair.
- [00:44:34.363]We really change the environment sometimes when we have kids
- [00:44:37.865]that are really severe problem behavior,
- [00:44:40.651]we change the environment because we're scared, right?
- [00:44:44.242]Guilty, done it a billion times.
- [00:44:47.181]This brings back in the things.
- [00:44:49.021]It's okay to change the environment
- [00:44:51.332]to keep everybody safe, right?
- [00:44:53.122]To kind of put some Band-Aids on things, right?
- [00:44:55.657]But let's reintroduce it because guess what,
- [00:44:57.312]the real world is not going to change for our learners
- [00:45:00.407]when they are out in the community.
- [00:45:03.493]They have to learn
- [00:45:06.000]to manage their emotions when the hard stuff,
- [00:45:10.085]when things that trigger them come along,
- [00:45:12.746]they have to learn skills to do that
- [00:45:14.668]because we can't pave the way for them their entire lives.
- [00:45:17.947]So I love this that it embeds that.
- [00:45:20.789]Okay, now what are the challenges?
- [00:45:22.167]We've got a really cooperative learner right now.
- [00:45:25.445]Now, what are some things that we can bring back in
- [00:45:28.083]and help them manage those things?
- [00:45:29.973]So I love that it, there's a specific step
- [00:45:33.249]that brings that back in.
- [00:45:35.056]That was your slide.
- [00:45:37.001]Sorry, it's not a star on it.
- [00:45:40.300]Okay, sorry.
- [00:45:41.434]Okay, generalization.
- [00:45:42.866]So then we move into generalization,
- [00:45:44.148]which also, awesome thing, right?
- [00:45:45.947]So when we're doing these sessions,
- [00:45:47.280]this is not a child's full day.
- [00:45:48.739]This is not where you get to do this all day long.
- [00:45:51.298]You as an educator are going to say,
- [00:45:53.097]here's some time that we can work on these,
- [00:45:55.492]teaching these skills, or we can do
- [00:45:56.881]these sessions end of the day.
- [00:46:00.185]And you usually do it with, you know,
- [00:46:01.992]start with one person in one environment, right?
- [00:46:05.960]We obviously need to grow that.
- [00:46:07.367]So then we sit down and we say,
- [00:46:10.180]wow, we've got a really awesome, this kid's ready.
- [00:46:12.964]We introduce new people, we introduce new environments,
- [00:46:17.609]we introduce new longer timeframes of doing harder stuff.
- [00:46:24.125]So generalizations built in,
- [00:46:27.017]and then we have some post-intervention documents.
- [00:46:28.882]So just really going back to our post-test or our pre-test
- [00:46:31.795]that we did and redoing that again to look at growth.
- [00:46:34.517]And that can be individualized really for what,
- [00:46:37.600]maybe your district or your school might want for that, too.
- [00:46:43.530]Any questions so far?
- [00:46:45.234]I feel like I shouldn't say that yet.
- [00:46:47.080]Any questions or anything so far?
- [00:46:50.290]Yeah.
- [00:46:52.819]Is that further explained in his training?
- [00:46:55.172]100%, so much further.
- [00:46:57.522]Yeah, so the concept is
- [00:46:59.345]contextually appropriate behaviors.
- [00:47:01.489]Like it's not okay to hit your teacher,
- [00:47:02.835]but if you're getting kidnapped,
- [00:47:03.878]you hit the heck outta that person, right?
- [00:47:06.092]So really helping kids understand and teaching behaviors
- [00:47:09.123]and context as opposed to no, we never hit,
- [00:47:11.843]no, we never do this.
- [00:47:12.904]Like what are contextually appropriate behaviors
- [00:47:15.247]within the setting and the environments that we're in.
- [00:47:18.113]So, but yes he goes way more in-depth
- [00:47:22.073]in his 10-hour training than we are right now for sure.
- [00:47:25.175]And you'll be able to, like when we do the case studies,
- [00:47:28.406]you'll see, like what were the contextually
- [00:47:30.413]appropriate behaviors for each one of our case studies?
- [00:47:33.364]So like what they're working on personally.
- [00:47:36.592]So after they do the first through CAB two,
- [00:47:39.801]what are they personally working on,
- [00:47:41.421]and what kind of things were those?
- [00:47:43.105]So you'll be able to see that.
- [00:47:48.065](indistinct)
- [00:47:57.850]Yep. So, great question.
- [00:48:00.677]Ideally you as a special ed teacher do it.
- [00:48:03.531]So thinking about you, you know,
- [00:48:07.231]I'm guessing that they have severe behavior,
- [00:48:09.602]they probably have a behavior goal on their IEP,
- [00:48:12.538]and if they don't, you should look into that.
- [00:48:15.473]So think about this and this is you teaching them the skills
- [00:48:17.983]they need to be in their environment, right?
- [00:48:20.523]So some people are like,
- [00:48:21.643]"Well, then how am I going to teach them
- [00:48:23.205]"the bullets on their IEP?"
- [00:48:24.038]Well this, probably spend that time,
- [00:48:26.084]and pretty quickly you get to where
- [00:48:28.220]some of those academics are embedded in this,
- [00:48:31.455]once you get through those first steps.
- [00:48:36.156]So this was first started in clinical settings,
- [00:48:38.063]so it was more BCBs, RBTs type people doing it.
- [00:48:42.023]But that's not the world that we live in
- [00:48:44.147]in our public school, right?
- [00:48:45.553]We don't all have behavior specialists
- [00:48:48.335]or things like that.
- [00:48:49.422]So we've got teachers, like I said we've got paras
- [00:48:52.744]doing it also, that we just support them in, yeah.
- [00:48:56.726]And we'll talk a little bit more about how we've supported
- [00:48:59.144]the state of Nebraska, too,
- [00:49:00.644]to kinda give you an idea about that,
- [00:49:02.622]and how you can get help.
- [00:49:05.718]You talked about how you would just let students go,
- [00:49:09.115]and that just makes me nervous.
- [00:49:10.631]Amen, sister. Everybody.
- [00:49:12.589]What would that look like?
- [00:49:14.069]Like how far back are you following?
- [00:49:15.982]What like, it's looking at the front door.
- [00:49:18.386]Yeah, certainly that you said that actually.
- [00:49:19.773]So when you're doing that first analysis
- [00:49:21.373]and you know you got an eloper,
- [00:49:22.687]you're going to say, what are our hard nos
- [00:49:24.684]and what are we cool with, right?
- [00:49:28.180]And so we say like, if there's a hard no,
- [00:49:33.009]let's make the environment control that.
- [00:49:35.303]Okay, so if you have an eloper,
- [00:49:37.637]we're going to put some stop signs or lock the doors
- [00:49:40.091]to go outside and we can't really lock
- [00:49:42.171]the doors that go outside.
- [00:49:43.322]That would probably be a fire hazard or something.
- [00:49:45.494]But lock and stop, you know, so then we can stand,
- [00:49:49.122]oh my gosh, it's a stop sign.
- [00:49:50.870]That means we can't go in there, that's a bummer, right?
- [00:49:54.135]So knowing kind of what that might look like.
- [00:49:58.963]We have followed kids in the hallway
- [00:50:01.773]and eventually they come back like,
- [00:50:03.733]because when they elope, what do we do?
- [00:50:06.301]We try to control it, right?
- [00:50:08.264]We block, it becomes a chase.
- [00:50:10.643]When we don't engage in that really oftentimes,
- [00:50:13.764]like the kid with a snack,
- [00:50:16.235]we never, it was like, no, you can't leave, right?
- [00:50:18.353]You're going to run away.
- [00:50:19.549]He literally just wanted a snack and he came right back.
- [00:50:23.593]And the kid with the water, knocking his water,
- [00:50:26.495]he did leave a couple times.
- [00:50:28.425]Well, he left a while,
- [00:50:29.555]and he would just kind of go out and roam,
- [00:50:32.002]and then he would come back,
- [00:50:33.077]but he wasn't happy, you know?
- [00:50:34.324]And so once we found the things, he didn't want to leave.
- [00:50:35.898]And so we stayed at our distance,
- [00:50:38.034]we engaged, you know kind of let it,
- [00:50:40.034]like it's fine right now, but you can also have,
- [00:50:43.516]the environment control when it's a hard no.
- [00:50:47.350]So good question.
- [00:50:50.497]Any other questions?
- [00:50:52.920]Not yet.
- [00:50:54.581]Okay, we're going to move on to put the data.
- [00:50:59.735]It's all you.
- [00:51:00.898]Oh no it's not.
- [00:51:02.878]Sorry, you're like stop.
- [00:51:04.799]Okay, so super cool, we're not going to get
- [00:51:06.542]a whole lot about this but I just want
- [00:51:09.214]to touch base on a couple things.
- [00:51:10.284]So, PFA Data App.
- [00:51:11.447]So PFA is that initial practical functional assessment.
- [00:51:14.496]So just that first very part of this and when we say this,
- [00:51:17.301]this is maybe like five to 20 minutes, right?
- [00:51:20.829]Like this does not, this isn't a long, drawn-out process.
- [00:51:24.674]It doesn't take very long to figure out
- [00:51:26.513]how to turn on and off, because that's all, that's it.
- [00:51:29.334]They have created an app that's beautiful, it works well.
- [00:51:32.304]They also have a data sheet that you can do by hand.
- [00:51:36.962]I've never used it, because this was $6.99 and it was great.
- [00:51:43.583]And no, it's not $6.99 per month, $6.99 for forever.
- [00:51:48.150]Anyway, so, beautiful app
- [00:51:49.967]that kind of guides you through it,
- [00:51:52.627]for the part, and then the super cool part about it is,
- [00:51:55.943]right then and there you hit save and it emails you
- [00:51:59.056]all the graphs, the information from that assessment,
- [00:52:02.784]and what it's telling you, this is what it looks like.
- [00:52:04.567]And I'm not going to go in depth in this,
- [00:52:05.921]because it's probably going to, you know,
- [00:52:08.031]it doesn't matter right now,
- [00:52:09.179]but it says, are they engaged and are we able
- [00:52:11.352]to turn on and off behavior?
- [00:52:13.485]Okay, so when we, the bottom rows,
- [00:52:17.584]that means that's when we've implemented,
- [00:52:19.850]that's when we said, hey, it's time to do the hard stuff.
- [00:52:23.429]The quicker we see them get back, they say,
- [00:52:26.360]that's them saying my way, that's them.
- [00:52:28.198]Or actually, no, that's not.
- [00:52:29.475]This is them demonstrating some little small behavior
- [00:52:31.883]because now they've learned, oh,
- [00:52:32.886]all I have to do is this and she's going to tell me,
- [00:52:34.539]go back to my way, right?
- [00:52:35.903]And they start doing it quicker,
- [00:52:37.201]and then they get back to quicker.
- [00:52:39.480]Those open circles are those lower level behaviors.
- [00:52:43.839]In the amount of times we've done this,
- [00:52:45.782]I've never seen the severe behavior come out in this,
- [00:52:48.471]except for one time, it was one kid.
- [00:52:54.434]But we acknowledge those really low level behaviors
- [00:52:58.041]before we even get there.
- [00:52:59.283]So it's really, really safe for all.
- [00:53:02.420]That's what that graph looks like.
- [00:53:07.078]Now it's your turn.
- [00:53:08.613]So the thing that, you know, it's hard,
- [00:53:11.653]people talk about like shaping and all of those things,
- [00:53:14.750]and knowing when to reinforce and when not to reinforce.
- [00:53:17.998]It's hard to do in the moment.
- [00:53:19.450]So their data sheets actually,
- [00:53:22.283]there's a different data sheet for each step you're in.
- [00:53:24.992]So if you're in that toleration response,
- [00:53:27.007]there's a toleration response data sheet.
- [00:53:30.563]And it embeds in that, do I reinforce
- [00:53:34.181]or do I go all the way?
- [00:53:36.476]Say we're in toleration response.
- [00:53:38.152]Nope, this time we're just going
- [00:53:39.785]to reinforce when they remark.
- [00:53:41.538]And so it's all put in there.
- [00:53:44.030]However, like we talked about,
- [00:53:46.795]sometimes in finding behavior analysis,
- [00:53:49.875]we get stuck on, nope, that's a procedure.
- [00:53:52.272]Again, values over procedure.
- [00:53:53.840]So if they're just having a rough day and we're getting
- [00:53:57.614]little behaviors with every single thing,
- [00:54:00.200]you can cross off the next one.
- [00:54:01.418]We're going to make this one short again, okay?
- [00:54:03.566]So we can step outside of it,
- [00:54:05.578]but it has a structure so that we know exactly what to do.
- [00:54:09.322]So you're going to look at this next slide
- [00:54:11.570]and you're going to see this sheet
- [00:54:13.010]and you're going to go, what?
- [00:54:15.442]Because everybody does.
- [00:54:16.773]But you'll see that actually,
- [00:54:18.860]it's pretty simple when you learn it.
- [00:54:21.237]So we are going to show you that.
- [00:54:25.373]Okay, so this one actually is only two--
- [00:54:28.552]No, it's just two different in same,
- [00:54:30.134]it's like one row from FCR and one row from CAB.
- [00:54:33.058]Yeah, so when we're learning,
- [00:54:36.630]however they're going to communicate,
- [00:54:38.422]I mean, my way right now, my way please.
- [00:54:42.092]You're just going to have that on there.
- [00:54:44.036]So that top one is just like when we say cFCR,
- [00:54:48.734]that just means a functional communication response
- [00:54:51.751]and that is my way, right?
- [00:54:53.607]So we're going to reinforce that every time.
- [00:54:56.325]So the minute, okay, and when we plan that,
- [00:54:58.961]we're also, it's errorless learning.
- [00:55:01.408]So when we say, say my way,
- [00:55:04.116]they're verbal and they say my way,
- [00:55:06.388]and then we're going to say like maybe fade that,
- [00:55:08.991]but we've already planned all of that out.
- [00:55:11.532]So we're going to say my, okay, that's the next step.
- [00:55:15.994]And then we're going to say, mmm, right,
- [00:55:18.956]and then hopefully they're going to get it independent.
- [00:55:21.377]And so basically that first one, that's all we're doing.
- [00:55:24.209]I'm showing you one that goes to CAB two,
- [00:55:26.444]because remember, CAB two would be transitioning
- [00:55:29.647]to the table and getting started.
- [00:55:32.240]So that one,
- [00:55:34.764]so look at the first one in that first box says cFCR and TR,
- [00:55:39.033]that is functional communication response
- [00:55:41.835]and toleration response.
- [00:55:44.061]And so that time,
- [00:55:45.845]even though we're on move to the table, we're only going to,
- [00:55:49.381]we are going to reinforce once they say, okay.
- [00:55:52.885]Oh, great job saying okay.
- [00:55:55.364]But the next one we're going to go to all the way
- [00:55:57.536]moving to the table, and then the next one,
- [00:56:00.063]we're only going to go to CAB one, right?
- [00:56:02.628]So they just need to really reach their reinforcer.
- [00:56:07.018]So it builds in intermittent reinforcement.
- [00:56:11.731]So I've always known this as a behavior person,
- [00:56:14.639]before I was BCBA,
- [00:56:15.863]I understand the concept of,
- [00:56:19.468]unexpected reinforcement is the most powerful,
- [00:56:22.912]and this process harnesses that and structures it for you
- [00:56:27.391]so that you know exactly what to do.
- [00:56:29.001]So we're going to,
- [00:56:30.084]it's going to be short sometimes and long sometimes, right?
- [00:56:33.255]You don't know. You don't know if I'm going to have to go
- [00:56:35.528]all the way to the table.
- [00:56:36.683]In fact, you'll hear one of the testimonials,
- [00:56:39.265]a second grader explain it very well, he totally gets it.
- [00:56:43.495]Sometimes I have to just say my way.
- [00:56:45.891]Sometimes I have to do a little work, you never know, right?
- [00:56:49.210]It's amazing how it goes.
- [00:56:51.206]And like when you think about intermittent reinforcement,
- [00:56:53.810]think about, I don't know if you go to the casino,
- [00:56:56.065]or if you're morally against it, but a slot machine,
- [00:56:58.741]why do we keep pushing that button to spin it?
- [00:57:02.181]Because the next time could be the big payout.
- [00:57:06.211]So I don't know, I'm going to,
- [00:57:08.630]my behavior is strengthened and I'm going to continue
- [00:57:11.363]the behavior of button-pushing because the question of,
- [00:57:15.101]and will I be reinforced, even a little, a lot?
- [00:57:17.970]Maybe not at all, I don't know,
- [00:57:20.195]but I want to find out.
- [00:57:21.804]That's what this harnesses.
- [00:57:23.118]So it has that shaping and the intermittent reinforcement
- [00:57:27.003]that makes this so powerful with kids, and it's amazing.
- [00:57:31.678]This is a concept you can take outside of PFA/SBT,
- [00:57:34.544]too, like you don't have to be doing that
- [00:57:36.871]to do intermittent reinforcement.
- [00:57:41.508]It's overwhelming, so don't--
- [00:57:42.537]Yeah, I know it is overwhelming,
- [00:57:44.082]but okay, this one blew my mind.
- [00:57:47.311]But basically we take the information off of that
- [00:57:50.054]and we put it into a graph.
- [00:57:51.827]And basically what this does,
- [00:57:53.133]once you train your eye to look at it,
- [00:57:55.198]because I looked at it and like this is not a line graph,
- [00:57:58.276]I am not liking the format at all.
- [00:58:00.162]I can't see what this is supposed to say.
- [00:58:02.931]So you'll see in my case studies, I have their graphs,
- [00:58:06.834]these graphs, and I also have some line graphs for you,
- [00:58:09.232]because I'm attached to them.
- [00:58:11.837]But basically when you'll see those dots,
- [00:58:15.112]the ones at the bottom,
- [00:58:16.459]those are, the yellow ones are the low-level behaviors,
- [00:58:20.634]and the red ones are the big behaviors.
- [00:58:22.281]We don't wanna see the red ones.
- [00:58:23.745]If we see the red ones,
- [00:58:25.359]we know we've gotta do something different.
- [00:58:27.368]We're going to shift gears right in that moment, okay?
- [00:58:30.140]So if you're seeing those behaviors, but we want to show,
- [00:58:33.000]okay, so if they are, this one is not a lot of prompting.
- [00:58:38.979]Yeah, this kid flew through it.
- [00:58:40.242]Yeah, yeah.
- [00:58:41.075]So this is a fast learner.
- [00:58:42.687]So if they're prompted and if you're using
- [00:58:48.633]the prompting procedures that you've planned with your team,
- [00:58:54.008]if they have to be prompted,
- [00:58:56.159]it will be an open circle.
- [00:58:58.156]This one actually doesn't have any of those.
- [00:59:00.690]Well, that's good, because that's not true.
- [00:59:02.081]Sorry, I don't know what happened.
- [00:59:03.725]So the prompted you'll see,
- [00:59:05.420]so we want three consecutive trials with no behaviors
- [00:59:09.571]and not prompted.
- [00:59:11.019]So we can see that easily.
- [00:59:13.387]And you'll see on some of our other ones,
- [00:59:15.111]we'll show you how we've identified them.
- [00:59:17.616]But the graphing is important because you know,
- [00:59:19.817]we've come on to some teams where you look at,
- [00:59:22.375]they've got great data and their data sheets
- [00:59:24.031]are filled out picture perfectly.
- [00:59:26.048]And then we go to help them graph it and we're like,
- [00:59:29.199]oh my god, they should have moved on like two weeks ago.
- [00:59:32.497]So this actually just, once your eye is trained to read it,
- [00:59:36.627]you'll say, yep, look at that.
- [00:59:38.323]They have no behaviors, there's no behaviors on the bottom.
- [00:59:40.882]All of the circles are filled we need to move on.
- [00:59:43.223]And it actually is,
- [00:59:46.345]all you have to do is input the data,
- [00:59:48.634]and it graphs automatically for you.
- [00:59:50.782]So if you're like, oh my God,
- [00:59:52.232]I suck at graphing, they do it for you,
- [00:59:55.614]you just have to literally put the numbers in.
- [00:59:57.782]So it's really, that's great, too.
- [01:00:00.423]Yep.
- [01:00:03.777]Oh, this is just one,
- [01:00:04.937]not that you have to do it,
- [01:00:06.463]but I wish I did this with every single one of my cases.
- [01:00:09.787]Because when we were in the, we'll talk about that.
- [01:00:12.610]When we were meeting on these,
- [01:00:14.108]some of these kids that we were working
- [01:00:15.679]with the ASD Network on,
- [01:00:17.955]this was valuable because what
- [01:00:21.457]you see early on and throughout the process is,
- [01:00:25.852]things start to be better outside of session.
- [01:00:30.643]And so you'll see like a lot of these
- [01:00:32.546]are longer durations of HRE
- [01:00:35.531]meets data and practice space more.
- [01:00:40.108]You'll see some of them are in-session things,
- [01:00:42.451]the good things that happen.
- [01:00:43.801]It's just one of those things that as you go
- [01:00:46.548]through the process and week by week,
- [01:00:49.608]you can say, you know what?
- [01:00:51.515]This kid didn't run out of class one time
- [01:00:54.314]in this whole week, and they were doing it
- [01:00:56.571]four times a day before,
- [01:00:58.242]or seven times a day, with some kids.
- [01:01:00.460]But I love this because as a team, it helps us remember,
- [01:01:04.398]like look at all the great things that are happening.
- [01:01:06.656]For the sake of time,
- [01:01:08.075]I'm going to skip over the next couple slides.
- [01:01:10.189]They're roadblocks and tips.
- [01:01:13.377]You will have somebody if you are like, yes,
- [01:01:15.249]I have a student, I need to do this with him.
- [01:01:16.649]I'm going to tell you how to get some support
- [01:01:17.740]with that here in a second.
- [01:01:19.554]But here, it's all in your PowerPoint.
- [01:01:21.404]You can kind of see, but your people
- [01:01:24.206]that are helping you will be able to help you
- [01:01:25.403]with some of these things.
- [01:01:27.648]Skip through this, skip through this.
- [01:01:29.225]Okay, so this is just a little diagram to show
- [01:01:33.173]how we got started here in the state of Nebraska.
- [01:01:36.736]Because we didn't just try it.
- [01:01:39.607]Well, we did, but we had help, right?
- [01:01:41.887]So FTF, they consulted us.
- [01:01:43.741]So we had three teams in the region.
- [01:01:45.926]So those of you, the ASD Network is made up
- [01:01:48.665]of five regions in the state.
- [01:01:50.823]Okay, so we had three of our regions'
- [01:01:54.206]regional behavior specialists get trained on how
- [01:01:57.816]to do this from FTF people themselves.
- [01:02:01.520]So we met weekly, we took a learner through the process
- [01:02:06.603]and learned, we call them cohorts.
- [01:02:09.372]We learned in cohorts because,
- [01:02:12.534]once you do this with one student,
- [01:02:14.491]it's just like once you know a kid with autism,
- [01:02:16.391]one kid with autism, you know, one kid with autism.
- [01:02:18.019]Once you do this with one student, you know,
- [01:02:19.167]one of these programs, okay,
- [01:02:21.775]it's really hard just, I mean all programming, right?
- [01:02:24.219]It's all individualized.
- [01:02:25.577]So I could learn from Jodi's student,
- [01:02:27.249]and Jodi could learn from my student,
- [01:02:29.490]which helps us grow when we go out
- [01:02:31.524]and do this with other kids, right?
- [01:02:33.273]So we do a lot of cohorts.
- [01:02:34.565]So we had a cohort directly through FTF Consulting.
- [01:02:39.810]And then this fall, or maybe,
- [01:02:42.691]I can't remember, but we then each,
- [01:02:45.038]so then I'm the metro behavior specialist.
- [01:02:47.085]So then I took three teams in the metro region
- [01:02:51.817]through this process, okay?
- [01:02:53.520]So they all had one student,
- [01:02:55.381]there was one student team and anybody that was involved
- [01:02:58.292]in that team that really wanted to learn more,
- [01:03:01.328]if they had a behavior coach in their district,
- [01:03:03.799]they were a part of it.
- [01:03:05.028]Special ed teacher, para, whoever.
- [01:03:07.688]We walked them through this process.
- [01:03:12.267]We don't like to be in the room when it's happening,
- [01:03:16.066]because that just, it's not natural.
- [01:03:19.015]And so the teachers or the paras or whomever is doing it,
- [01:03:22.514]they wear like wireless headphones,
- [01:03:24.330]and we coach you in the moment on what to do.
- [01:03:27.118]It's super cool and, wow, is it powerful.
- [01:03:29.424]Like we could do this for so many other things, right?
- [01:03:31.556]And that's easy, because it's through Zoom.
- [01:03:33.344]It's like setting up a Zoom meeting,
- [01:03:34.764]and you're in the meeting,
- [01:03:35.756]but you're not in the room and you're talking.
- [01:03:37.414]So it sounds complicated but it's really not.
- [01:03:39.253]Yeah, so each region, they kind of did their own cohort.
- [01:03:43.949]And actually we just started up another cohort
- [01:03:46.651]in our region, I think we've actually done,
- [01:03:48.660]like one school district was,
- [01:03:50.025]a bigger school district in my region was like,
- [01:03:52.182]we want this for all of our kids with severe behavior.
- [01:03:53.987]I'm like, slow down there.
- [01:03:56.231]So I said, "Well, you guys need to do it first."
- [01:03:58.592]So we did a Papillion Lavista cohort,
- [01:04:01.249]and their behavior specialists each took a team through,
- [01:04:05.330]and just coached them and now they're doing great.
- [01:04:07.061]Westside, so Jodi has been a part
- [01:04:09.276]of this from the beginning.
- [01:04:11.114]So now Jodi's kind of like the leader in Westside.
- [01:04:14.624]So down on the bottom it says, since we started,
- [01:04:19.779]which was a year and a half ago with FTF, we've taken 35,
- [01:04:25.051]the ASD Network has supported 35 teams through this.
- [01:04:29.085]They have all had a positive outcome.
- [01:04:32.422]They're not all done, right?
- [01:04:34.179]Progress, it's about peaceful progress.
- [01:04:36.444]What does that look like?
- [01:04:37.277]Some kids fly through this, some kids we celebrate,
- [01:04:39.069]their really small events along the way, and that's okay.
- [01:04:42.872]But that 35 doesn't include the school districts
- [01:04:46.967]that have kind of taken off on this.
- [01:04:48.560]So for those of you, if you're like, how do I get started,
- [01:04:51.872]we have your regional team members who will be there
- [01:04:55.588]to support you with this.
- [01:04:56.657]They're going to all hate me, right?
- [01:04:59.657]What did you say? (people laughing)
- [01:05:00.638]Anyway, so that seems great.
- [01:05:02.547]But we still have always had,
- [01:05:04.731]so then the three of us that were in that middle one,
- [01:05:06.952]then while we were doing our own individual cohort,
- [01:05:10.124]we then still met with FTF and they trained us as coaches.
- [01:05:13.585]So first they trained us as,
- [01:05:14.925]get your boots on the ground running,
- [01:05:17.438]is that what it is?
- [01:05:19.085]And do it with a student.
- [01:05:20.653]So we did, and then they trained us
- [01:05:22.598]on how to coach other people through it.
- [01:05:24.708]So we are able to do that, and have had a lot of training,
- [01:05:28.841]and still continue to learn, you guys,
- [01:05:30.867]because this is just a new phenomenon that has worked,
- [01:05:34.722]and there's just, I mean
- [01:05:35.910]we're constantly learning from that.
- [01:05:37.418]So, and we're going to leave you with
- [01:05:43.049]this, I think this is eight minutes and it's 11:40.
- [01:05:45.388]So if you want to leave early you can.
- [01:05:47.657]But this is a testimonial, these are the people running it.
- [01:05:51.785]Okay, teachers, principals that are like holy cow,
- [01:05:55.695]school sites, behavior specialists, paras,
- [01:05:59.008]this is them telling you how they feel about it.
- [01:06:01.855]That's close to them word wise.
- [01:06:03.794]I take most of them out.
- [01:06:05.464]Oh, you guys can in the handouts on there.
- [01:06:09.620]If you-- Overall movement.
- [01:06:12.907]Whatever you can watch this on your own time.
- [01:06:15.764]Oh yeah. Like he is so much calmer.
- [01:06:17.702]I am so much calmer.
- [01:06:19.459]Like we just don't have this tension that we used to have.
- [01:06:21.470]I agree, for sure.
- [01:06:23.857]I don't feel stressed coming to work with him,
- [01:06:26.088]because you don't know what he's going to do.
- [01:06:28.234]You don't know how many people
- [01:06:29.067]we're going to need at any moment.
- [01:06:32.007]I'm not constantly calling on the walkie for help.
- [01:06:34.479]Yeah, yep.
- [01:06:36.561]Honestly, it's been amazing.
- [01:06:37.543]Like I think he's happier,
- [01:06:40.119]he's more engaged. Yeah.
- [01:06:42.563]For my student,
- [01:06:44.253]I feel like it gave her exactly what she was wanting.
- [01:06:48.735]And for me,
- [01:06:49.798]I got the work out of her because she was earning
- [01:06:53.393]towards what she wanted.
- [01:06:55.530]Through her perspective, I think she trusts me more.
- [01:06:58.904]She was really aggressive, I think like my staff,
- [01:07:03.770]So the paras were scared to work with her.
- [01:07:06.317]I was scared to work with her sometimes,
- [01:07:08.616]because she was very aggressive.
- [01:07:11.415]You feel that she had,
- [01:07:13.245]did she maintain those skills of communication,
- [01:07:16.465]toleration and cooperation over the summer?
- [01:07:19.168]Every bit of it.
- [01:07:21.457]Yes. That's awesome.
- [01:07:22.290]She retained all of it,
- [01:07:23.590]and that was one of the things
- [01:07:25.039]she was looking forward to when school started.
- [01:07:27.649]And we have seen a tremendous difference.
- [01:07:31.399]So even, I'm the one that runs her program,
- [01:07:34.067]but even when she's working with paras
- [01:07:35.891]or other staff members, she's way less aggressive.
- [01:07:39.133]She's using her words more, she's requesting things more.
- [01:07:44.303]She's not as, she doesn't revert
- [01:07:48.248]to aggression hardly at all, which has been huge.
- [01:07:54.760]Her relationships with me and with other people
- [01:07:57.744]in the building have improved.
- [01:08:00.550]Like the relationship with him has grown tremendously.
- [01:08:03.911]Like he loves giving more hugs
- [01:08:06.480]or loves communicating with us more.
- [01:08:08.904]Is it them? Yeah.
- [01:08:10.194]This is a teacher-para combo.
- [01:08:11.990]Warm because it's like-- Tag team down.
- [01:08:13.636]Like this is just easy, you know,
- [01:08:15.600]this is nice to be able to work with him and have fun
- [01:08:17.733]with him in our sessions, so it's awesome.
- [01:08:20.886]I've seen that huge growth there, so that's really cool.
- [01:08:24.029]Yeah.
- [01:08:25.032]It gave us a fresh start as a team.
- [01:08:28.300]But we've had new VAs start,
- [01:08:30.673]and I haven't been able to train him
- [01:08:32.673]on our like intensive behavior program or like,
- [01:08:36.259]you know, what to do when this behavior happens,
- [01:08:37.894]because he hasn't done anything.
- [01:08:39.773]He hasn't done those behaviors in a long time.
- [01:08:42.068]Yep. Which has been amazing.
- [01:08:44.126]Like my data looks great.
- [01:08:46.224]This training really helped revitalize
- [01:08:48.057]energy for our team and provided a shift in perspective
- [01:08:50.665]and treatment when working
- [01:08:51.669]with students with behavior needs.
- [01:08:54.711]We started the PFA process last spring
- [01:08:57.128]with a kindergarten student, non-verbal autistic,
- [01:09:00.850]some pretty extreme behaviors,
- [01:09:03.251]defiant, aggressive self-harm, flopping,
- [01:09:07.015]just kind of all the things,
- [01:09:08.358]and since we've started this process with him,
- [01:09:11.915]the amount of growth has been absolutely amazing.
- [01:09:15.868]Makes me bring tears to my eyes.
- [01:09:17.773]It's just so cool to not only see the growth
- [01:09:19.876]and to see how far he's come already,
- [01:09:22.970]but just to be a part of this process
- [01:09:24.512]has just been such an amazing experience.
- [01:09:27.415]He is now, we're pulling in some more peer time.
- [01:09:30.356]He's getting interactions multiple times throughout the day.
- [01:09:33.044]He is successfully attending specials with his class.
- [01:09:37.174]We're able to take him outside for recess,
- [01:09:40.952]just kind of all the things.
- [01:09:42.494]He's working at his table spot without flopping.
- [01:09:46.449]He's using his device, he's able to complete multiple tasks.
- [01:09:50.054]It has truly made a difference with this kid,
- [01:09:52.695]and I am so excited to continue this process with him
- [01:09:55.505]and see where we end up.
- [01:09:57.366]As well as, I want to keep going with more kiddos.
- [01:10:00.490]It's just so amazing, so amazing.
- [01:10:03.958]So we've seen a huge, a huge benefit to this program.
- [01:10:07.754]I'm almost sad that we didn't have this program
- [01:10:09.733]when Hayden was in kindergarten.
- [01:10:11.178]Because I think, gosh, just how,
- [01:10:13.106]where could we be if we had started,
- [01:10:14.860]you know, so much earlier.
- [01:10:16.307]Doing the my way sessions with my student
- [01:10:18.162]has helped tremendously.
- [01:10:20.362]It has given us a common language to use
- [01:10:22.669]both in sessions and in the classroom.
- [01:10:25.418]It's given him the ability to tell us how he's feeling
- [01:10:29.532]before getting to major problem behavior.
- [01:10:32.346]It's helped him to grow in his skills and his abilities,
- [01:10:36.844]and he is starting to transition back to his classroom,
- [01:10:39.554]which I do not think would've been possible
- [01:10:41.390]without the my way sessions.
- [01:10:43.670]It has been great.
- [01:10:44.581]It's given us an amazing relationship and it has helped
- [01:10:47.539]kind of set those building blocks for his continued success.
- [01:10:52.670]When it comes to PFA and SBT,
- [01:10:54.390]there are a million positive things that I could tell you,
- [01:10:57.542]and reasons why I have really enjoyed, loved it.
- [01:11:00.279]You've already heard me talk about how much I love it.
- [01:11:01.764]I wanna say that I--
- [01:11:03.901]I talk a lot.
- [01:11:04.954]Just you coaching. This is the parent.
- [01:11:11.510]Process and seeing all the positive things
- [01:11:13.755]that comes from it.
- [01:11:17.882]Hi, so I'm making this short clip
- [01:11:21.313]to talk about progress I've seen in my son
- [01:11:23.931]since he began working with my way.
- [01:11:26.580]He began displaying some pretty extreme behaviors
- [01:11:30.654]when he didn't understand any directions.
- [01:11:32.312]Parent, yeah.
- [01:11:33.281]Or thought that he was following them.
- [01:11:38.034]Since utilizing my way,
- [01:11:39.817]he's gotten better at verbalizing
- [01:11:41.951]when he is getting upset and agitated.
- [01:11:45.994]He's getting better at asking for breaks reasonably,
- [01:11:50.714]and he's excelled in most of the things he has been doing.
- [01:11:54.741]So we're really happy with the progress we've seen.
- [01:11:56.943]Thank you.
- [01:11:57.776]This is her son.
- [01:11:58.750]Okay, Luke, I wanted to ask you
- [01:11:59.924]about your my way sessions.
- [01:12:01.449]What do you do in these sessions?
- [01:12:03.597]I play on my iPad and do some games,
- [01:12:07.773]and also I have to do some stuff
- [01:12:11.171]when Mr. Sylvie gets up and says to go to a desk.
- [01:12:17.055]Cool, do you think doing these sessions
- [01:12:18.721]with Mr. Sylvie has helped you?
- [01:12:20.942]Yeah.
- [01:12:21.775]How have they helped you?
- [01:12:23.602]Yesterday, I got 100 percent.
- [01:12:26.488]So your behavior's getting better at school?
- [01:12:28.538]Yeah.
- [01:12:29.371]Oh, are you happy at school? Mm-hmm.
- [01:12:31.655]Do you like coming to school every day?
- [01:12:33.533]Mm-hmm. Awesome.
- [01:12:35.184]Is there anything else you wanna say
- [01:12:36.377]about my way sessions?
- [01:12:40.876]They really do help me calm down
- [01:12:45.098]because they have a ton of things that will calm me down.
- [01:12:49.381]Okay, awesome.
- [01:12:56.558]So it's just cool to hear from people that are out there,
- [01:13:02.908]their success stories and again that's, you know,
- [01:13:06.072]our next session is,
- [01:13:09.169]is going to show more in detail five case studies.
- [01:13:12.351]So yeah, we'll-- How is this meant
- [01:13:15.717]to balance with, because I really--
- [01:13:17.707]Yes, great question. Yeah.
- [01:13:19.603]So if you went to the balance session yesterday,
- [01:13:22.077]so balance is for kids like three to five, six,
- [01:13:24.631]seven, and eight, maybe a little bit,
- [01:13:27.167]for emerging problem behavior.
- [01:13:29.161]So if it's severe problem behavior,
- [01:13:32.090]this is the route you want to go.
- [01:13:33.779]Similarities between some steps, yep,
- [01:13:38.336]but emerging versus severe is the difference.
- [01:13:42.012]And age kind of a little bit too, yeah.
- [01:13:47.507]What else?
- [01:13:48.460]I know we're over time so I get if you don't want to stay,
- [01:13:50.475]and we're like between you and lunch,
- [01:13:54.921]thanks for being here, you guys.
- [01:13:57.754]Yeah, hopefully you stay and want to hear.
- [01:14:01.960]Thank you, Zoom, for being on.
- [01:14:03.541]You guys are awesome, is there any questions on Zoom?
- [01:14:08.105]I think if you are focusing for this, we'll go...
- [01:14:14.991]Okay. Tell them.
- [01:14:16.479]We'll get to your specific question.
- [01:14:20.264]Yes, same room
- [01:14:21.555]if you're coming to session two, so leave your stuff.
- [01:14:24.157]We won't steal it.
- [01:14:27.342]You're fine, I don't even know how to turn it off.
- [01:14:29.921]Okay. Yes, yes.
- [01:14:33.799]A fine job. Yes, let's do it.
- [01:14:36.409]Is that what you were going to say?
- [01:14:40.214]Okay, so I know...
- [01:14:43.735](indistinct)
- [01:14:54.518]What's coming, you know, is this it?
- [01:14:59.007]No, no he has not. Does he need this?
- [01:15:02.088]I think he would, I think he could use it.
- [01:15:04.693]So when we first talked about programming and stuff,
- [01:15:07.317]for him here, this was something that we were like,
- [01:15:10.298]if we put in some things in place and it doesn't work.
- [01:15:13.049]And he went to going from school for 30 minutes
- [01:15:15.097]to three hours, so big chunk right there even.
- [01:15:17.213]And won't he stop because,
- [01:15:19.014]won't he age out at this age?
- [01:15:22.018]I don't know all the details for that.
- [01:15:24.026]I'm pretty sure they don't go past five,
- [01:15:25.921]fifth grade. Maybe.
- [01:15:28.685]So he, I think we probably would have done,
- [01:15:32.801]the team is a little bit, it's so
- [01:15:35.817]future-thinking.
- [01:15:37.738]I don't know that that was something that we were
- [01:15:39.997]going to approach this year, and then,
- [01:15:43.205]but hopeful if he, no matter was spending time
- [01:15:45.810]or like were working. Understand.
- [01:15:48.757]I don't, I may have some--
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