Industrial Hemp Research at West Central Research, Extension and Education Center
MILOS ZARIC
Author
02/27/2023
Added
18
Plays
Description
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Searchable Transcript
Toggle between list and paragraph view.
- [00:00:00.780]The following presentation
- [00:00:02.250]is part of the Agronomy and Horticulture seminar series
- [00:00:05.820]at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
- [00:00:08.730]All right, good afternoon everyone.
- [00:00:10.620]Thank you so much for joining us for the seminar.
- [00:00:13.170]So before I introduce Milos,
- [00:00:16.350]I just wanna sort of as a point of business,
- [00:00:18.690]I'm gonna have this handy dandy little microphone.
- [00:00:21.540]So when we have Q&A at the end,
- [00:00:24.720]please wait until I can get around to you
- [00:00:26.970]and get kind of in proximity,
- [00:00:28.440]so that everyone online can hear your question
- [00:00:31.380]if you have questions at the end.
- [00:00:33.270]All right, so without further ado,
- [00:00:36.780]it's my great pleasure this afternoon
- [00:00:38.850]to introduce our speaker for today, Milos Zaric.
- [00:00:42.810]And so Milos is a graduate research assistant
- [00:00:45.480]in the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture.
- [00:00:47.850]He is supervised by Dr. Sam Wortman and Greg Kruger.
- [00:00:51.390]Milos is originally from the Republic of Serbia,
- [00:00:54.930]and he completed his undergraduate
- [00:00:56.610]and master's degree programs there in 2016 and 2017.
- [00:01:01.380]That was in the faculty of Faculty for Agriculture
- [00:01:04.350]at the University of Belgrade.
- [00:01:06.420]In 2017, Milos moved to the United States
- [00:01:09.450]and then he started his master's program
- [00:01:11.730]at the Pesticide application technology laboratory
- [00:01:14.760]over in Western Nebraska.
- [00:01:16.710]His research focused on the effects of tank contamination
- [00:01:20.280]and the impact of drift producing agents on weed control
- [00:01:23.970]in response to dicamba application.
- [00:01:26.460]Milos completed his master's degree in 2020
- [00:01:29.130]and he has two publications in revision.
- [00:01:31.980]So he's currently pursuing his PhD still at the PAT Lab,
- [00:01:36.270]and he studies various aspects of industrial hemp production
- [00:01:39.330]in Nebraska to reduce the risk for local growers.
- [00:01:43.110]And so he is going to be telling us more
- [00:01:45.060]about those efforts today,
- [00:01:47.460]and so welcome Milos, take it away.
- [00:01:50.220]Thank you, Christine, for introduction.
- [00:01:52.740]So there's many of you can see it from right now
- [00:01:55.350]that we'll be talking primarily about the industrial hemp
- [00:01:57.720]and the research that we conducted so far
- [00:01:59.760]in West Central Research and Extension Center.
- [00:02:02.820]It's really my pleasure to be here in front of you
- [00:02:04.650]and to share some of those findings
- [00:02:06.750]that we actually got so far.
- [00:02:09.870]So the overall outline of the presentation
- [00:02:12.480]will include talking a little bit more
- [00:02:13.860]about industrial hemp overview as a crop,
- [00:02:17.280]pretty much thinking about this hemp a new crop to Nebraska,
- [00:02:20.730]importance in versatility,
- [00:02:22.290]and also what's happening a little bit
- [00:02:23.790]with hemp area in Nebraska.
- [00:02:26.100]And then later on we'll move on
- [00:02:28.440]into a little bit of the research findings
- [00:02:30.480]and the research points kind of
- [00:02:31.773]that we actually all look forward.
- [00:02:35.160]So as part when we are thinking about industrial hemp
- [00:02:37.710]is general, it belongs to family cannabaceae.
- [00:02:40.830]We have two economically important crops there.
- [00:02:43.470]For many of you that they're not familiar with,
- [00:02:45.900]we have hemp is one of them,
- [00:02:47.970]but the second one is actually hops.
- [00:02:49.530]So they're two close relatives in this family.
- [00:02:52.830]But when we are looking right now about the hemp,
- [00:02:55.590]we actually have the species here
- [00:02:57.057]for primarily for their use,
- [00:02:58.860]we are looking for the cannabis sativa,
- [00:03:00.543]that is primarily grown for either grain,
- [00:03:03.090]fiber, oil and cannabinoids.
- [00:03:05.820]So this is a kind of the main thing how we make distinction.
- [00:03:08.850]And for those of you that they're actually wondering
- [00:03:11.250]what's the difference between hemp and marijuana,
- [00:03:13.710]this is primarily based on the THC levels within the plant.
- [00:03:16.470]So everything is considered hemp
- [00:03:18.270]that contains less than 0.3% of the THC
- [00:03:21.680]on the dry base in in this case.
- [00:03:26.940]So when we are thinking about this hemp a new crop
- [00:03:29.460]for Nebraska, straightforward answer is no.
- [00:03:34.230]So we used to grow hemp while back
- [00:03:36.660]and then there are a couple of resources
- [00:03:38.220]that I was able to get for this one,
- [00:03:39.840]even going back to 80, 87 that in Fremont area,
- [00:03:43.230]we used to have almost thousand acres of hemp grown
- [00:03:45.480]primarily for fiber use.
- [00:03:47.850]This actually started as part of the Illinois farmers
- [00:03:50.460]that they actually wanted to expand little bit production
- [00:03:52.797]and they brought those seeds here
- [00:03:54.510]to see how they drive in this one, in this environment.
- [00:03:58.290]And this was actually going pretty well until 1910,
- [00:04:00.477]but actually all the production
- [00:04:02.430]started to go down a little bit.
- [00:04:03.930]And then later on we got in and in part of the prohibition
- [00:04:07.590]that actually prohibited any kind of the reuse
- [00:04:10.230]for hemp for growing, for research,
- [00:04:12.660]and a lot of different things.
- [00:04:14.400]Little bit later on, as the part of the World War II,
- [00:04:18.000]there was a something that was called "Hemp for War"
- [00:04:21.300]war and there was a couple states here in the United States
- [00:04:24.510]that actually grew hemp,
- [00:04:25.590]and there was approximately about 400,000 acres grown here.
- [00:04:29.640]For Nebraska to that time,
- [00:04:31.650]someone is telling that it was grown,
- [00:04:33.630]but most of the report it was, even that was grown,
- [00:04:36.210]it was a pretty low acreage here.
- [00:04:38.700]And some of those things
- [00:04:39.533]that actually can be quite kind of the value
- [00:04:41.640]when we are talking about hemp,
- [00:04:43.037]it was primarily that was competing for a lot of the corn
- [00:04:45.750]and soybean acres that we actually have here in the states.
- [00:04:48.990]The other part from 1970,
- [00:04:51.780]we have actually part that for the cannabis species
- [00:04:54.090]there was a no distinction right now
- [00:04:55.620]between industrial hemp and mariajuana,
- [00:04:57.900]and then all of them, they're put in the same boat.
- [00:05:00.540]And then we couldn't do any growing, any research
- [00:05:04.350]pretty much until kind of the quite recent history.
- [00:05:07.920]Interesting part about the prohibition,
- [00:05:09.930]after prohibition started,
- [00:05:11.130]it's actually the 79 that actually the program
- [00:05:13.830]that started actually domestic cannabis eradication
- [00:05:16.320]and suppression program.
- [00:05:18.870]For all of those that travel across Nebraska,
- [00:05:20.790]there is a lot of those feral hemps or ditchweeds
- [00:05:22.830]that people commonly tell about this one,
- [00:05:24.477]and that's actually the main reason why everything started.
- [00:05:28.320]So the part about this one
- [00:05:29.760]that I actually just recently found about
- [00:05:32.850]is that people were complaining about,
- [00:05:34.980]yes, this is a eradication process,
- [00:05:37.470]and then for the most reports almost 30 million spent,
- [00:05:40.800]but plants that they were actually controlling
- [00:05:42.720]was actually deferral hemp.
- [00:05:44.310]No high THC hemp that were actually program
- [00:05:46.620]was leaning more toward.
- [00:05:48.270]But one of the things that's actually one of the research
- [00:05:50.250]recently got published here from University of Nebraska
- [00:05:52.770]is showing that some of those populations
- [00:05:55.200]that they're available is the feral hemp
- [00:05:57.813]that they actually possess
- [00:05:59.220]even though a little bit higher levels of THC.
- [00:06:01.170]From all of those counties that we actually have,
- [00:06:03.570]Douglas County is the only one that actually came back
- [00:06:06.390]with the higher levels of THC for the feral hemp
- [00:06:08.553]that they were able to find.
- [00:06:11.640]Later on about history,
- [00:06:13.530]when we actually started to kind of think
- [00:06:15.403]a little bit more about the hemp production,
- [00:06:17.400]what's happening with hemp and things about those,
- [00:06:19.860]when we actually even started
- [00:06:21.180]to do a little bit of the research is actually after 2019,
- [00:06:24.570]when actually Nebraska Hemp Farming Act got introduced.
- [00:06:27.690]You think about this one, when this one got introduced,
- [00:06:31.530]we started thinking about what, where we can utilize,
- [00:06:34.140]how we can utilize, and how we can contribute to growers
- [00:06:37.710]actually to grow hemp for different purposes.
- [00:06:41.760]I previously mentioned a little bit more
- [00:06:43.800]that we can grow hemp for grain,
- [00:06:45.960]but there are also a lot of different purposes.
- [00:06:47.670]We can grow for fiber,
- [00:06:49.140]and there are actually different categories of the fiber
- [00:06:51.090]that we can actually grow hemp.
- [00:06:52.920]The other part that is a really big on market right now
- [00:06:55.530]is the floral production and extraction of cannabinoids
- [00:06:58.590]that we can only hear about.
- [00:06:59.790]It'll be CBD, CBG, CBM,
- [00:07:02.160]a lot of those different type of the part.
- [00:07:04.830]And also quite a few growers that I know here in Nebraska,
- [00:07:07.920]there is a big market even for smokable buds
- [00:07:10.620]with low levers of THC that they're growing here
- [00:07:13.410]and selling to other states,
- [00:07:15.150]'cause it's kind of the lucrative crop right now
- [00:07:16.793]to grow here.
- [00:07:18.600]Primarily focus that we'll be having today,
- [00:07:21.360]in the research that we conducted,
- [00:07:22.700]we primarily investigated everything
- [00:07:24.540]associated with the grain and fiber production,
- [00:07:27.390]because there is a really big interest right now
- [00:07:29.370]to incorporate all of those things into building industry,
- [00:07:32.910]like building blocks.
- [00:07:34.170]That will be one of the thing,
- [00:07:35.220]and it's actually we have quite a few producers here,
- [00:07:37.860]even in Nebraska that they want actually
- [00:07:40.699]to push this one along.
- [00:07:42.120]The other part will be the seed
- [00:07:43.890]either as part of the protein or oil
- [00:07:46.440]or stalks to be used for different kind of the purposes,
- [00:07:49.290]because we can separate those fibers
- [00:07:51.660]and we can potentially get even the roping industry, fibers,
- [00:07:55.650]like even some of the car modelers can use this one.
- [00:07:58.157]I know for sure in Germany, Mercedes, BMW,
- [00:08:01.410]they're actually pushing those fibers
- [00:08:03.150]to be incorporated as part of the building industry.
- [00:08:05.970]That's actually quite interesting aspect
- [00:08:08.550]for what everything at hemp can be used for.
- [00:08:11.550]Oh!
- [00:08:14.010]Canadians. Oh, Canadians.
- [00:08:15.270]Yep. I saw actually interesting thing
- [00:08:17.310]about the Canada, they build the first airplane
- [00:08:19.530]that is actually built completely of the hemp
- [00:08:21.810]and is running based on the hemp products
- [00:08:23.670]that they are actually having.
- [00:08:24.930]That's actually-
- [00:08:25.768](indistinct) Having that hemp in the cars.
- [00:08:31.290]Well, the Dubai don't have any clue
- [00:08:33.390]about this one.
- [00:08:34.223]That will be interesting to see but as long,
- [00:08:37.680]the part that actually if you want to transport it,
- [00:08:40.440]any type of the hemp with you,
- [00:08:42.150]you will need to have the certificate of analysis with you
- [00:08:44.910]that is actually tied back with a lot,
- [00:08:46.800]that you actually grow your hemp
- [00:08:48.510]and is actually have the specification what you have there
- [00:08:51.090]in terms of the all the cannabinoid profile.
- [00:08:54.870]So I think yes they can stop you,
- [00:08:56.280]but then you need to follow.
- [00:08:57.300]I think Trevor can address this one later on
- [00:09:00.166]regardless of how you can transport hemp.
- [00:09:01.727]We are primarily just doing research
- [00:09:03.660]to understand what's happening.
- [00:09:06.150]So further on when we are thinking about the hemp,
- [00:09:08.820]how it can be grown for,
- [00:09:10.080]I mentioned that we can grow for fiber or grain
- [00:09:13.560]and also for the floral production.
- [00:09:15.540]Quite distinct how those plants even look like in the field.
- [00:09:19.380]So we can see here for the grain production,
- [00:09:21.990]the planting population can grow anywhere
- [00:09:23.850]from 250,000 plants per acre up to 400,000 plants per acre,
- [00:09:28.830]so quite broad.
- [00:09:30.030]And the main reason for this one for the processors
- [00:09:32.370]that they actually want to utilize this hemp,
- [00:09:34.680]they want to have the uniform stalks, slander, tall,
- [00:09:38.220]because they're after fibers.
- [00:09:40.170]When we are talking about the grain production,
- [00:09:42.660]it's a little bit less planting population per acre,
- [00:09:45.930]and this is primarily about, I would say,
- [00:09:48.480]typically we plant in North Platte
- [00:09:49.950]up to 150,000 plants per acre
- [00:09:52.320]at 13 short spacing using precision planters
- [00:09:55.137]that we have available there.
- [00:09:57.510]For floral production, it's completely different right now.
- [00:10:00.210]Different row spacing, wider row spacing,
- [00:10:03.240]and plus we can get maybe up to 5,000 plants per acre,
- [00:10:06.930]like some of the growers that they actually can go
- [00:10:08.790]even with the lower population
- [00:10:10.410]if they want to have little bit more bushy trees
- [00:10:12.900]so they can harvest little bit more flowers from them.
- [00:10:16.230]And this is actually a picture from Milford, Nebraska.
- [00:10:20.250]So thinking little bit about cultivated,
- [00:10:24.270]what's happening in Nebraska right now in terms of the area,
- [00:10:28.020]how many people are interested in this one,
- [00:10:30.540]over the years from 2020 to 2022,
- [00:10:33.210]we can see decrease the cultivator
- [00:10:36.840]that they're actually after to grow industrial hemp.
- [00:10:39.900]There is actually quite a few reasons,
- [00:10:41.670]and I believe this one later on
- [00:10:43.350]for someone to ask question why is this.
- [00:10:45.780]But part about this one that we are seeing
- [00:10:47.430]in terms of the planting area,
- [00:10:48.870]yes, we are seeing that number of growers is decreasing,
- [00:10:52.110]but actually the area is pretty much
- [00:10:54.660]all kind of the keeping concept about 380 or almost.
- [00:11:00.420]Well, the first year was 280
- [00:11:02.640]and right now we are looking about 200 acres
- [00:11:05.250]that is actually getting there.
- [00:11:07.350]Big thing that is changing over time
- [00:11:09.153]that we are seeing here from 2020
- [00:11:12.540]primarily was grown for the floral production.
- [00:11:16.200]That's kind of the main thing, primarily indoor,
- [00:11:18.750]with the small percentage of the grain
- [00:11:20.430]and fiber component here.
- [00:11:22.290]But this time kind of the moves on, we can see
- [00:11:24.930]that actually the proportion of the grain and fiber
- [00:11:27.660]is increasing slowly.
- [00:11:29.400]And the main reason why
- [00:11:30.390]is actually this one getting increasing
- [00:11:32.190]because there is a lot of processing facilities
- [00:11:35.100]across kind of that we have one in Kansas,
- [00:11:37.260]we have one in Colorado, couple of them for Texas,
- [00:11:40.590]but they are actually contracting our growers
- [00:11:42.750]to get their kind of the fibers
- [00:11:45.540]and then they are processing and selling later on.
- [00:11:48.030]So it's in Nebraska here,
- [00:11:49.380]we still don't have any processing facilities
- [00:11:51.240]and I think that's kind of the main reason
- [00:11:53.250]why we actually didn't see the picking up
- [00:11:55.350]of those cultivator licenses.
- [00:11:56.910]It's besides the other things.
- [00:11:59.970]So right now we'll move a little bit
- [00:12:01.440]to talk about the research that was conducted
- [00:12:03.450]at the West Central Research and Extension Center.
- [00:12:05.790]We'll be primarily focusing
- [00:12:07.170]about how actually hemp can thrive next to corn and soybeans
- [00:12:11.730]'cause the second part
- [00:12:13.447]will be a little bit about the herbicide screening.
- [00:12:15.960]And if there is enough time on the end,
- [00:12:17.413]I will talk a little bit about implications,
- [00:12:19.860]little bit when we are thinking
- [00:12:20.910]about growing industrial hemp for grain purpose.
- [00:12:24.300]That will be a little bit later on,
- [00:12:25.557]and this is just kind of the photo
- [00:12:27.270]that we're showing little bit
- [00:12:28.290]about the simulated drift studies
- [00:12:30.000]that we did screening on herbicides, ACCase indoor, outdoor
- [00:12:35.670]and plus a little bit screening that we have actually
- [00:12:38.460]for the control of the volunteer hemp in the field,
- [00:12:40.410]that we need to think a little bit more closely
- [00:12:42.480]about this one.
- [00:12:43.980]So to start little bit first about this one,
- [00:12:46.620]we'll start with assessment of first study
- [00:12:48.810]that I did back in 2020.
- [00:12:50.070]It would be assessment of industrial hemp susceptibility
- [00:12:53.190]to off-target movement of commonly applied corn
- [00:12:56.040]and soybean herbicides.
- [00:12:57.840]And the main reason how I actually we go to this idea,
- [00:13:01.410]just sitting one day in the lab cleaning some samples
- [00:13:05.340]and then reading the articles later on
- [00:13:07.440]re-associated with cannabis hemp implication in California.
- [00:13:12.660]So big challenge how we are applying a lot of those things,
- [00:13:15.570]especially in the vineyards, there is a pretty big emphasis
- [00:13:19.920]on a lot of the fungicide application
- [00:13:21.960]that can be really challenging,
- [00:13:23.550]because nothing is actually registered
- [00:13:25.110]to be used in cannabis or industrial hemp there.
- [00:13:28.470]Close proximity
- [00:13:29.580]where we are making all of those applications
- [00:13:32.190]can really bring the importance of thinking
- [00:13:34.860]about how we are applying products
- [00:13:36.037]and where those products are going up.
- [00:13:40.562]To Nebraska, quite dominant cropping systems
- [00:13:43.710]that we have here, corn and soybeans,
- [00:13:46.200]and knowing that from 96 we are starting to overly
- [00:13:48.960]on a lot of those things
- [00:13:50.100]when first actually herbicide tolerant rate
- [00:13:52.410]got introduced here.
- [00:13:54.060]We can actually see the quite increase over the time
- [00:13:56.760]here in herbicide tolerant soybean and corn as well.
- [00:14:00.210]So majority of the area is planted
- [00:14:02.610]with herbicide tolerant traits.
- [00:14:06.360]Thinking about what's happening
- [00:14:07.950]when we are applying those type of the products,
- [00:14:09.900]ideal scenario where there is no drift incidence,
- [00:14:12.960]it's pretty much nonexisting.
- [00:14:15.420]So how we address this one and what will happen,
- [00:14:18.030]it's pretty much determined
- [00:14:19.560]how we address those kinds of good things.
- [00:14:21.780]Having hemp grown next to this one
- [00:14:23.490]can really bring a lot of the challenges,
- [00:14:25.230]because first we don't have any clue.
- [00:14:27.930]First, there is nothing registered yet for hemp
- [00:14:30.420]to be used as type of the product.
- [00:14:32.520]The second part that we can see here,
- [00:14:35.940]there is a drift that is generated,
- [00:14:37.680]and when we generate drift,
- [00:14:39.000]this one is to be intercepted by something.
- [00:14:42.630]Thinking a little bit more about the complexity
- [00:14:44.970]of the pesticide application here
- [00:14:47.130]and having this field here in Nebraska,
- [00:14:49.710]this creates a really big scenario
- [00:14:51.660]when we are thinking about the implications.
- [00:14:53.310]We have grower that is trying here to grow hemp,
- [00:14:56.850]at least learn about this one.
- [00:14:58.650]And then we have part here that we have the soybeans
- [00:15:01.350]in quite close proximity here.
- [00:15:03.630]So the implications about this one
- [00:15:05.104]that we talked a little bit recently about this one
- [00:15:07.980]is actually when we have the drift,
- [00:15:09.840]when drift is generated,
- [00:15:11.340]it needs to be intercepted by something.
- [00:15:13.227]And in this case here,
- [00:15:14.610]if wind is prevalent to go over the hemp,
- [00:15:17.550]can create really big issues, like having these small,
- [00:15:20.370]maybe 60, 70 feet wide.
- [00:15:22.770]Spans here that we have pretty much,
- [00:15:25.320]it can wipe up everything.
- [00:15:28.860]Herbicide registered that we have here in a,
- [00:15:31.380]well, that we actually have globally here
- [00:15:32.940]across of the United States, they're quite limited.
- [00:15:35.670]And going back from 2019 to 2022,
- [00:15:38.640]we have 98 different kind of the pesticide
- [00:15:41.670]that they are registered to be used in hemp.
- [00:15:44.130]But when we are thinking about the herbicide,
- [00:15:45.360]they are just actually pretty much one that we are using.
- [00:15:49.560]In corn and soybean, they're not registered.
- [00:15:52.110]The only two that they are actually registered
- [00:15:53.820]will be caprylic acid and then we have the vinegar
- [00:15:56.790]that is actually registered for this one,
- [00:15:58.170]but at the same time, yes,
- [00:16:00.030]the those products are just applied over the hemp.
- [00:16:02.850]Well, actually they're not allowed
- [00:16:04.050]to be applied over the hemp.
- [00:16:05.820]So on the end we don't have any of the produce,
- [00:16:08.430]that they are registered for this one.
- [00:16:10.950]So to address couple of those things
- [00:16:13.050]and to understand a little bit more
- [00:16:14.460]about implications associated with this one,
- [00:16:19.920]we developed the study that is controlled
- [00:16:22.110]that is actually conducted the indoor.
- [00:16:24.630]And for primarily for this one,
- [00:16:25.757]we use the dual purpose variety
- [00:16:28.710]coming from the New West Genetics
- [00:16:30.210]that is actually high cannabinoid,
- [00:16:32.910]high grain and high fiber,
- [00:16:35.070]so growers can use this one for multiple purposes.
- [00:16:38.130]Industrial hemp variety
- [00:16:39.177]has grown other controlled environment,
- [00:16:41.730]and what we actually wanted to see
- [00:16:43.590]how commonly applied herbicide,
- [00:16:45.693]that they're registered for corn and soybean,
- [00:16:48.330]may actually influence growth and development
- [00:16:50.490]of industrial hemp.
- [00:16:52.299]To address this one,
- [00:16:53.190]we actually wanted to test two different scenarios.
- [00:16:56.010]We wanted to see the high risk scenario
- [00:16:57.960]that we'll see a little bit later on the photo,
- [00:17:00.330]and the low risk scenario with the other nozzle type here.
- [00:17:04.140]So that's kind of the main reason
- [00:17:05.790]that we actually wanted to see difference
- [00:17:07.410]between two nozzle types,
- [00:17:09.060]so we can actually see the difference
- [00:17:10.590]if how actually industrial hemp reacts to this one.
- [00:17:13.950]The other component that is really important to consider
- [00:17:17.340]is the plant height.
- [00:17:18.330]We actually, for the kind of the layout
- [00:17:20.670]that we have available in our plant,
- [00:17:22.530]we can only use kind of the plant height
- [00:17:24.540]that is a quite kind of the eight to 10 inch in the range
- [00:17:28.530]and the wind velocity was about, when we tested this one,
- [00:17:30.960]was about eight mile, one miles per hour.
- [00:17:33.930]The layout that we used in the wind tunnel
- [00:17:37.710]under controlled environment,
- [00:17:39.360]we can see here that there are actually plants position
- [00:17:42.690]of the up to 36 feet down wind.
- [00:17:46.110]And then we wanted to see what are the implications
- [00:17:48.393]when we are testing commonly used herbicides from soybean
- [00:17:53.700]that can be applied in corn and soybeans including 2,4-D,
- [00:17:56.972]dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate,
- [00:17:59.812]imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione.
- [00:18:02.430]So all of those products,
- [00:18:04.200]they're applied at the full recommended label rates
- [00:18:07.020]according to the manufacturer label.
- [00:18:09.810]And then we just wanted to see
- [00:18:11.340]what's actually happening with hemp in this case.
- [00:18:13.740]So we actually, first, what we wanted to see ,
- [00:18:15.810]what's happening with hemp,
- [00:18:17.220]and also what's happening with the passage deposition
- [00:18:20.100]inside of the wind tunnel.
- [00:18:22.080]Inclusion of two different nozzle types
- [00:18:23.970]is coming primarily associated with this one.
- [00:18:26.730]We can see for the TP nozzle,
- [00:18:28.980]it is presented here on the top of the PowerPoint slide.
- [00:18:31.950]We can see quite kind of the small droplets,
- [00:18:35.010]but actually thinking about the droplet sizing,
- [00:18:36.990]smaller the droplets it actually have the possibility
- [00:18:39.270]to be carried further away.
- [00:18:41.580]So that's one of the scenario
- [00:18:43.470]and the second scenario that we actually have
- [00:18:45.930]with the bigger droplets.
- [00:18:47.790]So bigger droplets ultimately means
- [00:18:49.800]that we'll be mitigating this drift a little bit better
- [00:18:53.790]just to see what's actually happening,
- [00:18:56.280]and the main reason
- [00:18:57.450]why we actually included those two nozzles
- [00:18:58.700]is actually to separate to see how actually hemp reacts
- [00:19:01.740]to this one.
- [00:19:03.450]For your information,
- [00:19:04.470]just to think about different kind of the deposition
- [00:19:07.350]from those two nozzles when we are thinking about this one,
- [00:19:10.890]this chart here represent on the x-axis
- [00:19:13.020]is there are two different nozzle types
- [00:19:14.670]and the y-axis is distancing feet
- [00:19:17.850]that correspond variable would expect to see
- [00:19:20.550]5% of the deposition of pulled across all of the herbicides.
- [00:19:24.630]And we can see here for the TP nozzle,
- [00:19:27.330]we can see that it can go up to weight in feet.
- [00:19:30.210]I know it's quite important thing about the risk
- [00:19:32.700]and the drift implications.
- [00:19:34.140]Versus for the AI nozzle type,
- [00:19:36.240]just changing the nozzle type,
- [00:19:37.620]how actually we actually decreased the amount of drift
- [00:19:40.583]that is actually coming from this nozzle
- [00:19:42.600]that potentially will have the influence
- [00:19:44.760]what we are actually seeing on the hemp, hemp plants.
- [00:19:49.080]Looking to deposition data, little bit more about this one,
- [00:19:52.710]we can see on the left side will be for the TP nozzle
- [00:19:57.240]and on the right side it'll be for the AI nozzle.
- [00:20:00.360]On x-axis here is presented the distance,
- [00:20:03.060]I should probably convert this one to feet,
- [00:20:05.010]is going from zero and their increments of six feet here
- [00:20:07.800]up to 36 feet on the x-axis.
- [00:20:10.950]And on the y-axis is the position that we observed
- [00:20:14.340]from the herbicides we apply.
- [00:20:16.080]This is something that we would actually expect to see
- [00:20:18.720]in terms of the deposition.
- [00:20:21.817]As we increased the distance,
- [00:20:24.090]we actually decreased the pesticide deposition here
- [00:20:26.790]in this case.
- [00:20:27.930]And having the comparison between two nozzle types,
- [00:20:30.840]looking how those slopes looks here,
- [00:20:33.810]we can see for the TP nozzle
- [00:20:35.430]that there is a way more higher risk
- [00:20:37.740]in terms of the deposition that we are getting over
- [00:20:41.430]if compared with the AI nozzle type.
- [00:20:44.310]All of the progression, mentioned this a little bit earlier.
- [00:20:46.830]Different color codes correspond to different herbicide
- [00:20:50.190]that we actually applied here.
- [00:20:52.290]Part about this one that is really a little bit interesting,
- [00:20:56.160]if we are just looking here
- [00:20:57.390]for those two kind of the products that we are seeing here,
- [00:21:00.330]for the AI nozzle type, for glufosinate
- [00:21:02.910]and for glyphosate in this case,
- [00:21:05.400]that even though that we changed the nozzle type,
- [00:21:08.310]there is a little bit interaction
- [00:21:09.630]between the solution that we use
- [00:21:11.097]and the nozzle that we actually applied, this one,
- [00:21:13.383]that actually resulted in these two nozzle types to get,
- [00:21:16.527]and those two herbicide to get a little bit higher
- [00:21:19.230]compared to the other ones that we can see here.
- [00:21:22.080]And the main reason for this one
- [00:21:23.640]is actually how those two products are formulated.
- [00:21:26.400]So for glufosinate, there is a lot
- [00:21:27.767]of the pretty high surfactant load inside
- [00:21:30.540]that actually potentially create the bubbles,
- [00:21:32.820]and then when it's coming out from the nozzle,
- [00:21:35.220]they're more prone to drift.
- [00:21:39.180]The part that is interesting here right now
- [00:21:40.980]going how actually hemp responded to this one.
- [00:21:43.710]On the top side, we have the TP nozzle type,
- [00:21:47.370]the layout would be similar.
- [00:21:49.770]Then on the bottom figure
- [00:21:52.530]we have now the AI nozzle type in this case.
- [00:21:56.730]On X-axis, on the y-axis,
- [00:21:58.470]in this case we have x-axis will be the distancing feet
- [00:22:02.010]that we that correspond to the where actually hemp
- [00:22:05.400]was positioned within the wind tunnel,
- [00:22:07.860]and on the y-axis is actually the biomass reduction
- [00:22:10.250]in this case.
- [00:22:12.000]First things that we see here, I previously mentioned
- [00:22:15.150]associated with the nozzle type that we are using
- [00:22:18.180]and the deposition that we have,
- [00:22:20.970]we saw the kind of the complete difference
- [00:22:23.490]between two nozzle type.
- [00:22:24.690]And in this case for the TP nozzle type,
- [00:22:27.120]we consider this one as a high risk scenario
- [00:22:29.070]that I previously mentioned.
- [00:22:30.900]Looking all of those figures we can see the slopes
- [00:22:34.050]based on those curves that they're actually way higher
- [00:22:36.600]than those here for the AI nozzle type.
- [00:22:39.240]And kind of the pretty much
- [00:22:41.100]how what this one is actually giving us,
- [00:22:43.560]we can use those parameters log logistic model parameters
- [00:22:47.850]to determine the sensitivity of industrial hemp
- [00:22:50.520]in this case.
- [00:22:51.990]So in general what those number mean,
- [00:22:55.140]the greater the distance
- [00:22:56.370]that we are actually observing here
- [00:22:57.413]for the 50% of the biomass reduction for industrial hemp,
- [00:23:01.920]the more sensitive industrial hemp was.
- [00:23:05.190]Sensitivity in terms of the different products that we use,
- [00:23:08.340]high sensitivity was observed for glyphosate,
- [00:23:11.340]glufosinate, and mesotrione.
- [00:23:13.500]And then between two synthetic auxins that we actually use,
- [00:23:17.550]2,4-D and dicamba, we actually,
- [00:23:19.650]there was a pretty minimal difference in terms of those,
- [00:23:21.750]but we'll get to this one later on.
- [00:23:24.720]And in terms of the different type of the products,
- [00:23:27.784]imazethapyr, lactofen, we can see quite decrease
- [00:23:30.540]in terms of the reduction.
- [00:23:32.340]So when we are looking this one for example,
- [00:23:34.350]just by changing nozzles in terms of the implications
- [00:23:37.036]that we actually have for glyphosate.
- [00:23:39.180]We actually needed to estimate here because industrial hemp
- [00:23:42.180]was really sensitive to glyphosate applications.
- [00:23:44.730]And we can see here,
- [00:23:45.630]estimations is going way beyond that we evaluated here.
- [00:23:49.050]So this is just what we needed to extrapolate
- [00:23:51.480]based on the data points that we used to have here.
- [00:23:54.240]But the important thing to consider here
- [00:23:55.757]is the actually the time of the application,
- [00:23:57.990]what kind of the nozzle we have utilized.
- [00:24:01.020]It can really help with this one.
- [00:24:02.730]Changing from the TP to AI nozzle type,
- [00:24:05.370]we can see significant difference
- [00:24:07.020]in pretty much every single scenario here.
- [00:24:10.500]For example for the glyphosate here,
- [00:24:12.360]we have almost five fold decrease
- [00:24:14.910]based on the estimation that we were able to make.
- [00:24:18.870]Looking visually right now,
- [00:24:23.280]what's happening and how this one is lay out,
- [00:24:25.530]we can see this scenario.
- [00:24:27.450]In this part here, for the plants that were exposed,
- [00:24:29.790]that order on the pictures will be three,
- [00:24:32.940]six, nine, 18 and 36 feet, and on the right hand side
- [00:24:38.580]there'll be always being non-treated control
- [00:24:40.170]for the every single photo.
- [00:24:41.730]This is just how actually plants looks like 40 days,
- [00:24:44.850]14 days after application.
- [00:24:47.340]As we increase the distance that those plants were exposed,
- [00:24:50.070]we can see a little bit decrease in the biomass,
- [00:24:53.268]the individuals that we are seeing,
- [00:24:54.737]but at the same time also in the biomass reduction
- [00:24:57.713]that we are observing for glyphosate, glufosinate,
- [00:25:00.000]mesotrione, dicamba, 2,4-D, lactofen, and imazethapyr.
- [00:25:05.700]So we can see quite difference here
- [00:25:07.200]in terms of the what we are applying, how we are applying,
- [00:25:10.290]in terms of the what kind of the products we are applying.
- [00:25:13.020]Looking the previous estimations
- [00:25:14.970]for the TP nozzle type in this case,
- [00:25:17.400]we can really see quite separation
- [00:25:19.260]between all of those products that we actually used.
- [00:25:22.140]So for glyphosate, pretty high sensitivity
- [00:25:25.590]and also for glufosinate and mesotrione.
- [00:25:28.020]And thinking about how often those products
- [00:25:29.970]are applied here in corn
- [00:25:32.790]and some of those as well in soybean,
- [00:25:34.890]we really need to think about where we are placing,
- [00:25:36.990]how we are applying those type of the products.
- [00:25:41.273]Just to little bit explain here
- [00:25:43.440]for the deposition side of the story,
- [00:25:46.290]we can see on those water sensitive papers
- [00:25:49.320]that we expose them across of the different distances,
- [00:25:52.350]we can see how gradient is actually decreasing
- [00:25:54.600]from left to right.
- [00:25:55.830]But for the TP nozzle type here,
- [00:25:57.570]even at the 36 feet downwind,
- [00:25:59.970]we can see a lot of the small droppers
- [00:26:02.370]that they are reaching this one.
- [00:26:03.510]That can be a really challenging,
- [00:26:05.220]because nothing is registered right now
- [00:26:06.750]for the industrial hemp.
- [00:26:08.130]That's actually really big challenge
- [00:26:09.330]especially for the states
- [00:26:10.770]that they are doing pesticide residue analysis
- [00:26:12.980]on the things that they're actually coming to be used.
- [00:26:16.830]Changing nozzle to AI, we can see as distance increase,
- [00:26:23.190]we can see significant decrease in the droppers,
- [00:26:25.410]that they're actually reaching 36 feet,
- [00:26:27.660]but at the same time we still can see
- [00:26:29.583]that there is a part that is actually smaller droplet,
- [00:26:32.370]smaller percentages reaching there.
- [00:26:34.160]It actually lead us that we need really to pay attention,
- [00:26:37.020]even if we change the nozzle types,
- [00:26:39.090]we need to think about is there anything additional
- [00:26:41.370]that we can do about this.
- [00:26:43.530]Looking further about this one,
- [00:26:46.680]same layout like on the previous PowerPoint slide,
- [00:26:49.500]we can see pretty, pretty much here really difference
- [00:26:53.580]when we change the nozzle type.
- [00:26:55.230]We are mitigating drift.
- [00:26:56.850]Even for the glyphosate we can see significant decrease
- [00:27:00.090]in what we are observing on the plants.
- [00:27:02.670]Like even in these distances here,
- [00:27:04.920]after 18 feet we barely can see something on those plants
- [00:27:08.820]if compared with the previous.
- [00:27:11.040]What we actually observed,
- [00:27:12.030]significant decrease in plant height
- [00:27:15.780]but at the same time for the biomass reduction
- [00:27:18.210]that we observed.
- [00:27:20.280]Looking more forward,
- [00:27:22.890]this was actually little bit those response study
- [00:27:25.860]that we conducted,
- [00:27:27.120]and this will be just one PowerPoint slide.
- [00:27:29.310]I just wanted to point out
- [00:27:30.690]what's actually happened with glyphosate
- [00:27:32.167]when it's applied across different varieties.
- [00:27:36.150]Glyphosate, Dr. Knezevic class, well actually two weeks ago,
- [00:27:38.970]explained quite, quite well about this one,
- [00:27:41.340]how it's working within the plant.
- [00:27:43.470]And for this part, particularly here,
- [00:27:46.260]what we are actually looking,
- [00:27:48.897]even going from the 4x of the applied rate that is a 1x,
- [00:27:52.590]and for 1x we consider 32 fluid ounces.
- [00:27:55.680]But when we decrease to almost 1%
- [00:27:58.530]of the applied rate of the glyphosate,
- [00:28:00.450]we still see those differences
- [00:28:03.000]within the industrial hemp plants.
- [00:28:04.980]So pretty high levels of sensitivity
- [00:28:07.710]when we are thinking about industrial hemp.
- [00:28:09.207]And the main reason for this one,
- [00:28:10.740]when we are thinking about what's happening within the EPSPS
- [00:28:15.360]that we are actually having
- [00:28:16.470]the aromatic substances creation,
- [00:28:20.160]like it's really important to think about
- [00:28:22.203]that those plants actually really need a lignin to grow.
- [00:28:25.710]And when we apply this one over the top of the plants
- [00:28:28.560]or if this one gets exposed,
- [00:28:30.240]there are a couple components that they are missing
- [00:28:32.610]for the creation of those,
- [00:28:33.840]and that's pretty much why industrial hemp is sensitive
- [00:28:37.980]to those type of the products.
- [00:28:42.210]So in general, what you observe with this study
- [00:28:45.540]that actually industrial hemp biomass reduction
- [00:28:48.090]is really influenced by the nozzle selection,
- [00:28:50.580]but as well by the active ingredients
- [00:28:52.200]that we applied in this one.
- [00:28:53.880]When it's actually grown here in Nebraska
- [00:28:56.250]or otherwise there is kind
- [00:28:57.617]of the pretty dominant corn and soybean acres,
- [00:29:00.510]we really need to think about
- [00:29:02.610]where we are placing those crops in like industrial hemp,
- [00:29:06.270]and we really need to think about the mitigation side,
- [00:29:09.060]how we are actually mitigating drift
- [00:29:11.280]to prevent kind of the bad things from happening.
- [00:29:13.830]Some of the additional things we just did,
- [00:29:15.510]the simulation, the two different nozzle types
- [00:29:17.670]just to see high risk scenario and the lowest scenario.
- [00:29:21.930]There are additional things that can be used
- [00:29:23.460]if we want to mitigate this one even more.
- [00:29:25.560]For example, to use the different type of the adjuvants
- [00:29:28.530]within the spray solution to decrease even more on this one.
- [00:29:32.310]The other segments would be the use of the hedgerows
- [00:29:35.310]and also to use the buffer zone or even hooded sprayers
- [00:29:38.370]within the applications growers can apply.
- [00:29:40.890]So it really kind of the brings down
- [00:29:42.570]if we want to grow this crop here in Nebraska,
- [00:29:44.970]we need to think about where we are placing
- [00:29:47.460]to avoid the negative consequences
- [00:29:49.410]of the pesticide application.
- [00:29:51.960]So just about this one I think we can make just,
- [00:29:57.690]if someone have question or two about this one,
- [00:30:00.270]maybe we can start with this one right now here
- [00:30:02.910]and then we'll move to the second study that we conducted.
- [00:30:08.400]Dr. Benziger.
- [00:30:14.400]How large does hemp have to be as a crop
- [00:30:18.690]before the herbicide companies
- [00:30:20.430]would start looking for herbicides specifically for hemp,
- [00:30:25.500]'cause as I understand there's very few registered ones now,
- [00:30:28.290]is that correct?
- [00:30:29.123]So right now there is no herbicide
- [00:30:30.780]registered in hemp.
- [00:30:33.030]Typically what I was able to find
- [00:30:35.310]across of kind of even talking
- [00:30:36.323]between different working groups.
- [00:30:38.250]So hemp is a little bit wimpy
- [00:30:40.020]until eight to 10 inches in height.
- [00:30:42.240]After this one is actually entering into fast growing stage
- [00:30:45.240]that can easily out compete in different kind of the weeds.
- [00:30:48.000]But I think until we don't have actually, we need to have,
- [00:30:51.450]I'll come a little bit later with a couple things
- [00:30:53.340]that we actually did at the part of the herbicide screening,
- [00:30:56.520]but we need really to start with the clean fields,
- [00:30:59.130]and that's really important.
- [00:31:00.780]But I think at least until eight to 10 inches of growth,
- [00:31:04.560]we need to have weeds controlled,
- [00:31:06.150]but I think this is something that needs to be conducted.
- [00:31:08.820]At least I know that there is not as much research right now
- [00:31:11.460]done in the, especially the expertise of the Dr. Knezevic,
- [00:31:14.460]for the critical period of weed removal.
- [00:31:19.890]That's not really what you're asking.
- [00:31:21.540]You were asking him how many acres
- [00:31:24.180]does Nebraska needs to have
- [00:31:25.680]before the chemical companies may go to IR4,
- [00:31:29.370]because that's really the avenue,
- [00:31:31.590]you know, the IR4 will have to handle that and I.
- [00:31:35.193]Oh, I think I misunderstood question.
- [00:31:37.320]Right. Yeah, that's okay.
- [00:31:39.060]So anyway I would imagine that we need
- [00:31:43.410]to have probably at least 100,000 acres
- [00:31:46.890]before the company get interested in it.
- [00:31:49.260]So right now in United States
- [00:31:50.850]there is probably around 50,000 acres grown,
- [00:31:54.240]so they don't have right now justification
- [00:31:56.490]to get their couple produce that they're doing
- [00:31:58.320]prior for right now. Like, even Canada.
- [00:31:59.182]But even Canada, as far as I know,
- [00:32:04.020]that has all this legalized,
- [00:32:05.700]I think they have only like Ost and Asure,
- [00:32:09.150]which are two gram herbicides for grass control registered,
- [00:32:12.810]but no broad leaf compounds, you know, and.
- [00:32:16.756]So they have a trifluralin as a pre sonalan.
- [00:32:22.407]And I know in China there is acetyl chloride,
- [00:32:24.780]I think, registered for this one,
- [00:32:25.984]but we are still far from this one.
- [00:32:27.333]Have you checked
- [00:32:28.166]some of the European countries,
- [00:32:29.430]because Europe has been allowing this to grow from day one.
- [00:32:32.130]They never really stopped.
- [00:32:34.470]You know, there's some European countries
- [00:32:36.330]that grow these things primarily for fiber
- [00:32:40.380]and then the car industry and some of the stuff
- [00:32:42.330]that Miller talked about, so.
- [00:32:50.100]You gave the example of vineyards
- [00:32:54.570]adjacent in California and it'd be,
- [00:32:59.400]if I understood you correctly,
- [00:33:00.720]it's almost impossible to grow hemp next to vineyards
- [00:33:04.170]because zero tolerance of.
- [00:33:08.130]And so we in Nebraska, with our vineyards,
- [00:33:12.120]worry about drift from other target,
- [00:33:16.650]other plants to damage grapes,
- [00:33:20.220]but I had no idea that the sprays that we would,
- [00:33:25.230]the vineyards would be applying here
- [00:33:27.870]could also be a problem for the hemp growers in Nebraska.
- [00:33:32.730]Is that correct?
- [00:33:33.780]Yep, potentially,
- [00:33:35.130]but depending for what they're growing for.
- [00:33:37.672]So if they're growing for flower production
- [00:33:39.720]that they're actually doing a lot of the testing
- [00:33:41.580]on the fungicide and insecticides,
- [00:33:43.380]it can be really challenged.
- [00:33:45.180]But right now majority of the acres
- [00:33:46.920]that they're grown for flower production, they are indoor.
- [00:33:50.490]So there is a couple of the growers
- [00:33:51.810]that they're growing outdoor,
- [00:33:53.160]and I didn't necessarily see any grape yard near them.
- [00:34:01.260]I think for the sake of the time,
- [00:34:03.240]we'll just move to talk a little bit about the second part,
- [00:34:06.390]and then we'll have discussion after this one.
- [00:34:10.140]So the second part,
- [00:34:11.250]we are right now getting little bit on herbicide screening
- [00:34:14.220]that we did indoor and part of it outdoor,
- [00:34:16.680]but for the sake of the time
- [00:34:17.850]I will just talk about the indoor screening
- [00:34:19.620]for the industrial hemp
- [00:34:20.700]that we actually did for the control of the grass weeds.
- [00:34:25.320]So the part about this one,
- [00:34:27.300]it's everyone is talking that hemp
- [00:34:28.920]is kind of the quite competitive with weeds,
- [00:34:31.860]so that's pretty cool idea to think about this one
- [00:34:34.410]until you don't experience those things
- [00:34:36.000]directly in the field.
- [00:34:37.590]Part about this one that we are seeing,
- [00:34:40.260]field is quite clean.
- [00:34:41.880]We are actually getting to plants
- [00:34:43.200]that they are right now about seven feet tall.
- [00:34:45.480]But there is a challenge here.
- [00:34:46.680]Yes, we out competed weeds,
- [00:34:48.540]but there is a really big problem how we got to this point.
- [00:34:52.110]So one of the strategies that we are actually using
- [00:34:54.690]in West Central Research and Extension Center
- [00:34:57.060]is actually to plant hemp late.
- [00:34:59.370]So part about this one we are typically aiming planting
- [00:35:02.250]about first week of June.
- [00:35:04.140]So part of we can see here, for example,
- [00:35:06.930]for the Palmarama that showed up,
- [00:35:09.060]we sprayed paraquat over the top
- [00:35:11.490]that actually controlled everything
- [00:35:12.750]to start with the clean fields.
- [00:35:15.510]Last year it was pretty dry.
- [00:35:17.670]Yes, we planted hemp late.
- [00:35:19.170]We terminated weeds here that were actually happen in the,
- [00:35:22.770]and then we got two weeks after we got rain.
- [00:35:26.820]Everything that was possibly that we controlled here
- [00:35:29.730]started to emerge,
- [00:35:31.170]so created a really big problem in terms of the management,
- [00:35:33.720]what we actually can do.
- [00:35:35.490]So the kind of the part of the flexibility
- [00:35:37.620]that we can actually part do as a researcher,
- [00:35:40.170]actually I didn't want to have interns go out
- [00:35:42.180]and to hand weed for at least a month.
- [00:35:44.400]I actually build the small sprayer
- [00:35:46.470]to go out to control weeds.
- [00:35:48.360]So yes, it's completely prohibited application
- [00:35:51.050]to have this one out,
- [00:35:52.200]but it's actually working quite well in the weeds.
- [00:35:54.960]So part about this one that we can actually see,
- [00:35:58.020]yes, hemp can be competitive, but way later in the stages
- [00:36:03.240]that we can actually provide with something.
- [00:36:05.400]The part that we are actually using here
- [00:36:07.770]is that actually it's completely off label right now,
- [00:36:10.770]but depending how we apply those type of the products,
- [00:36:13.380]can really help with those type of the weeds
- [00:36:16.470]and to get to this point.
- [00:36:18.120]Part as I want to point out really here with this one
- [00:36:20.730]that we have quite limited adoptions
- [00:36:22.860]for the broad leaf control
- [00:36:23.850]that Dr. Knezevic mentioned a little bit earlier
- [00:36:26.670]that they're pretty much just a couple of products
- [00:36:28.530]that they are registered for the grasses.
- [00:36:30.360]A lot of screening has been conducted here
- [00:36:32.370]in the United States, and so far there is non products
- [00:36:36.090]that potentially will move forward for broadly weed control.
- [00:36:40.470]Challenges about this one.
- [00:36:41.393]When we started to develop this type of the studies
- [00:36:44.940]that typically was overseen in terms of the what's happening
- [00:36:48.450]in the developmental stage of the industrial hemp.
- [00:36:52.200]In this part here, this is coming from the New York State
- [00:36:55.110]and it's primarily associated with the timings
- [00:36:57.450]when we are actually applying,
- [00:36:59.160]when we are actually planting those type of the crops.
- [00:37:01.860]When we have more desirable conditions, we can see that hemp
- [00:37:05.130]is actually quite thriving in this area.
- [00:37:07.050]But when we have a little bit less desirable conditions
- [00:37:09.960]with the dry conditions,
- [00:37:11.430]we can see how easily wheats can take over.
- [00:37:15.120]Segment about this one that I got interested after this,
- [00:37:18.030]looking is pretty hard to see from in this part here
- [00:37:21.480]there is a lot of different grass species
- [00:37:23.190]that can be found here going from different oxtails,
- [00:37:26.820]Johnson grass, Barner grass and a lot of different things.
- [00:37:30.870]And I can see this one is a problem,
- [00:37:32.640]because everyone that is right now
- [00:37:34.320]applying those ACCase inhibitors or the herbicide,
- [00:37:38.460]they're controlling grass, weeds,
- [00:37:40.440]they're just typically testing one rate.
- [00:37:44.190]Thinking about those type of the weeds that we have here
- [00:37:46.860]and looking at the product labels for some of them
- [00:37:49.140]will require six fluid ounces per acre,
- [00:37:51.930]some of them will acquire eight fluid ounces per acre,
- [00:37:54.660]some of them will required 12 fluid ounces per acre,
- [00:37:57.540]and this is actually something that was not explored.
- [00:38:03.060]ACCase inhibitors in general,
- [00:38:05.250]they're registered for broadleaf crops.
- [00:38:08.190]So how they work in this part here,
- [00:38:11.040]it was shown on corn when we apply them,
- [00:38:14.580]they're actually affecting those, the many stems,
- [00:38:17.965]we can see those kind of the how they work here.
- [00:38:21.780]But the challenge about this one
- [00:38:23.010]that was commonly kind of the misunderstood
- [00:38:25.920]for the ACCase inhibitors that is, oops,
- [00:38:29.730]I went a little bit ahead of myself.
- [00:38:32.040]That is hemp is a broad leaf crop,
- [00:38:34.980]and typically we are actually tying this one back
- [00:38:37.290]that can potentially be used safely in industrial hemp,
- [00:38:41.310]and we'll see this one later on, what's actually happening.
- [00:38:43.703]for the ACCase inhibitors and in terms of the selection
- [00:38:47.220]that we are actually having,
- [00:38:50.310]we can see quite diverse amount of the products
- [00:38:53.580]that can be applied looking for the fops, dims
- [00:38:56.640]and also dens in this part here.
- [00:38:59.190]For one of the products that potentially will be registered
- [00:39:01.387]here in the United States is quizalofop,
- [00:39:03.690]ACCase is inhibiting herbicide,
- [00:39:05.790]and we can see a couple of the trade names here.
- [00:39:08.760]The challenge that they can see
- [00:39:10.230]when this product gets registered here
- [00:39:12.780]is its actually it's used across the multiple crops.
- [00:39:15.510]So we can use this one in soybeans.
- [00:39:17.550]We can use this type of the products in corn
- [00:39:20.340]or at least a tree corn, for example, that is tolerant.
- [00:39:24.000]And we need to think about how this one will affect
- [00:39:26.070]little bit selection pressure
- [00:39:27.330]even if hemp becomes crops feasible to Nebraska.
- [00:39:31.689]For the objectives that we wanted to see here
- [00:39:34.350]is the current state of the knowledge
- [00:39:35.910]that the ACCase herbicide,
- [00:39:37.380]they are used for selective wheat control,
- [00:39:39.330]to control grasses in the broad leaf crops.
- [00:39:43.860]We wanted to evaluate the safety of the ACCase herbicide
- [00:39:47.460]when it's used in industrial hemp,
- [00:39:49.620]so we wanted to explore different active ingredients,
- [00:39:52.200]different traits, as well different varieties in this case.
- [00:39:56.190]Selected herbicides that we use for this part here
- [00:39:59.190]included pinoxaden, clethodim, sethoxidim,
- [00:40:01.380]quizalofop, fluazifop, fenoxaprop,
- [00:40:04.920]and the mixture of fluazifop and fenoxaprop applied.
- [00:40:07.980]We can see rates here,
- [00:40:08.907]and the rates presented here in this table
- [00:40:11.610]represent one x of the label array
- [00:40:13.650]that is currently recommended in broad leaf crops.
- [00:40:16.680]So as a part of those studies,
- [00:40:18.540]what was a really kind of the main idea of this one
- [00:40:21.600]is to see is there any other product
- [00:40:23.730]that we potentially can use, safely industrial hemp
- [00:40:27.120]that potentially can help with the diversification
- [00:40:29.460]of the program that will be used
- [00:40:30.750]at some point down the road.
- [00:40:33.240]So in part of the how we conducted this one,
- [00:40:36.120]we can see plants
- [00:40:36.953]that they are eight to 10 inches in height.
- [00:40:39.210]We apply this one in a single truck research spray chamber
- [00:40:42.300]with the products that they're actually mixed
- [00:40:44.520]in 15 gallons per acre.
- [00:40:47.850]So the part about this one,
- [00:40:49.980]what we actually wanted to see
- [00:40:51.840]will be first will be the visual response
- [00:40:54.390]and the second part will be how those applications
- [00:40:56.730]of the products influence the biomass reduction.
- [00:40:59.160]I just forgot to mention here
- [00:41:01.440]is that actually we applied all of those products
- [00:41:03.390]across of the four different traits,
- [00:41:05.353]0.5, 1, 2 and 4x, just to see what's happening
- [00:41:09.030]when we are applying those things
- [00:41:10.710]across of different traits and how hemp will respond.
- [00:41:14.670]Table that we are seeing here,
- [00:41:17.100]it's a visual response 21 day after application
- [00:41:20.580]for different type of the herbicides,
- [00:41:22.620]that for active ingredients that we use here
- [00:41:25.850]on the left hand side applied across the different traits.
- [00:41:29.760]One of the things that we wanted to see
- [00:41:32.040]how different products that we are applying
- [00:41:34.470]is actually influencing the hemp growth and development.
- [00:41:37.530]And in this part here means, followed by the same letter,
- [00:41:42.630]within the column they do not differ
- [00:41:45.480]and across lowercase letter across of the different traits
- [00:41:49.260]they do not differ as well.
- [00:41:51.330]So things that we are seeing here
- [00:41:53.100]for different type of the products for fluazifop,
- [00:41:56.250]we'll just use this one is a base product for comparison.
- [00:41:59.610]We can see that when it's applied at 0.5,
- [00:42:02.790]1 and 2x of the label rate,
- [00:42:05.820]we can see in this part here, I'm just,
- [00:42:08.550]parts that we are seeing for when it's applied
- [00:42:11.610]up to 2x of the label rate.
- [00:42:14.940]We can see that is a quite minimal impact of those.
- [00:42:18.180]But when you're looking for pinoxaden,
- [00:42:20.130]so when we are actually looking for those kind of the things
- [00:42:23.520]typically when we are looking for,
- [00:42:26.070]or in this case, if we take quizalofop
- [00:42:28.310]is the base for the comparison.
- [00:42:30.540]We typically want to see same or lower injury in this case
- [00:42:34.890]than when it's applied across of different things.
- [00:42:37.167]For quizalofop for example,
- [00:42:38.670]here when it is applied at 0.5, 1 and 2,
- [00:42:42.818]2x of the label rate, an hour 1x label rate
- [00:42:45.240]was 12 ounces per acre,
- [00:42:47.280]we can see quite minimal difference
- [00:42:48.960]between all of those three rates.
- [00:42:51.180]However, when we applied something
- [00:42:53.640]like pinoxaden or clethodim,
- [00:42:56.280]as we increase the rate of those products,
- [00:42:58.320]we can see the significant increase in injury
- [00:43:00.990]in this part here for the industrial hemp.
- [00:43:04.800]The other seconds, the other part
- [00:43:06.840]that actually we want to compare the other things,
- [00:43:10.290]we can see that even up for 2x of the label rate applied
- [00:43:14.550]for the other products,
- [00:43:16.020]we can see that there was a no difference
- [00:43:18.120]between quizalofop, fluazifop, fenoxaprop,
- [00:43:21.120]and the mixture of those two among,
- [00:43:23.670]well, even if compared with the non-treated control.
- [00:43:26.880]How those plants look like on the top panel,
- [00:43:29.850]we can see the pinoxaden application
- [00:43:32.130]across to the two different varieties.
- [00:43:34.259]On the bottom we have for the clethodim
- [00:43:36.021]for two different varieties.
- [00:43:37.890]And then we can see the first variety
- [00:43:39.450]that we actually tested was the multipurpose variety,
- [00:43:42.810]high CBD, high grain and fiber variety
- [00:43:45.720]versus the second one that was just high grain variety.
- [00:43:49.590]As we on the left side here, there is a untreated control
- [00:43:53.790]and going from left to right in this case,
- [00:43:57.450]we can see as the dose increase,
- [00:43:59.820]we see the decrease in the biomass.
- [00:44:02.880]That's the first thing.
- [00:44:03.840]But as well we see the increase in the injury
- [00:44:06.060]in this part here.
- [00:44:09.300]In terms of the comparison that we have
- [00:44:11.190]between the clethodim and pinoxaden,
- [00:44:13.410]when we are looking in terms of the responses,
- [00:44:15.120]there are a couple things.
- [00:44:15.990]If we are growing this one for grain on fiber,
- [00:44:17.850]we don't want to see in the field.
- [00:44:20.010]For example, for the pinoxaden
- [00:44:21.510]that we are actually applying here for the grain variety,
- [00:44:24.863]that we can see a lot way more branching
- [00:44:26.760]that is producing here even when it's applied
- [00:44:29.610]2x of the label rate.
- [00:44:32.670]So going more to the biomass reduction in this case
- [00:44:36.780]for the parts that we are actually seeing here,
- [00:44:39.450]the layout will be the similar.
- [00:44:41.010]On the left hand side there will be the active ingredient
- [00:44:44.430]apply across of different rates.
- [00:44:46.500]And for the similar that we are seeing
- [00:44:48.180]when all of the products they are applied
- [00:44:49.530]at the 4x of the label rate,
- [00:44:51.420]we can see the highest amount of the injury
- [00:44:53.610]or highest amount of the biomass reduction in part.
- [00:44:56.940]And the things that they are separating
- [00:44:58.500]when we are actually applying the pinoxaden and clethodim,
- [00:45:01.650]we can see as well as dose increase
- [00:45:04.263]that we are actually seeing the increase
- [00:45:06.200]in the biomass reduction in this part here.
- [00:45:08.460]For quizalofop, for example,
- [00:45:09.900]that we are actually mentioning as a standard,
- [00:45:12.120]in this case going from 0.5 to 2x of the label rate,
- [00:45:17.160]we can see quite minimal difference
- [00:45:19.140]in the biomass reduction,
- [00:45:20.760]ut the part that we are seeing as well
- [00:45:23.550]when it's applied at 2x of the label rate,
- [00:45:25.710]we don't see difference between them and fenoxaprop
- [00:45:28.350]and as well between the all of those three products
- [00:45:30.503]that we are applying.
- [00:45:33.510]So just a little bit, let me just, I will just go right here
- [00:45:41.340]so we can have a little bit more time for question.
- [00:45:44.760]This ones. Yep.
- [00:45:46.980]So for this part here, what we actually did
- [00:45:49.500]in this part here is just the comparison
- [00:45:51.690]between the pinoxaden and clethodim.
- [00:45:54.990]So what we wanted to see actually the parameter
- [00:45:57.720]for the ED50 values for those two products
- [00:46:01.165]that we actually applied,
- [00:46:02.340]and those are the only two products
- [00:46:03.750]that we were able to get those two, those response graphs.
- [00:46:07.350]So the part about this one that we are seeing
- [00:46:09.360]for the pinoxaden and clethodim
- [00:46:11.923]when it's compare across the two different varieties
- [00:46:14.820]in this case, we can see that for the clethodim,
- [00:46:17.400]there was a pretty minimal difference
- [00:46:19.140]as we increased the dose.
- [00:46:21.060]For the pinoxaden in this case,
- [00:46:23.040]we can see the quite separation among those two varieties.
- [00:46:26.130]And looking when 1x of the label rate
- [00:46:29.160]is applied in this case,
- [00:46:30.900]we can see quite separation between those two.
- [00:46:33.240]For example, for the high CBD grain or fiber variety,
- [00:46:38.100]we can see that was actually a little bit more tolerant
- [00:46:40.980]to the application of this one,
- [00:46:42.300]while grain variety was a little bit completely different.
- [00:46:45.600]We needed way lower rate,
- [00:46:47.280]but is even lower than 1x of the label rate of this one.
- [00:46:52.230]So part that we actually just I wanted to include the,
- [00:46:55.290]as part of the discussion here
- [00:46:57.000]that we actually can see there is a possibility
- [00:46:59.730]to incorporate couple of different ACCase herbicides there,
- [00:47:02.760]but we need really to think about
- [00:47:04.590]what type of the herbicide we'll incorporate.
- [00:47:07.620]For the quizalofop, what we know so far
- [00:47:10.410]that actually it's kind of the moving forward
- [00:47:12.510]in terms of the registration
- [00:47:14.190]that there was a no or minor visual response
- [00:47:17.130]in the biomass reduction
- [00:47:18.660]when it's applied up to two x of the label rate.
- [00:47:21.510]But I think we really need to think about
- [00:47:23.580]what are the other things that we can use
- [00:47:25.260]besides the quizalofop as part of those studies just to see,
- [00:47:29.190]to reduce this pressure,
- [00:47:31.980]but to reduce the resistance risk assessment in this case.
- [00:47:38.460]So the part about this one that we can actually see,
- [00:47:41.880]there is a possibility to incorporate as well
- [00:47:43.860]and kind of to move forward with the sethoxidim,
- [00:47:46.255]fenoxaprop, fluazifop and fenoxaprop
- [00:47:49.710]to be incorporated as part of the further screening
- [00:47:52.230]that potentially can be used in for industrial hemp.
- [00:47:55.560]So for pinoxaden and clethodim, in general,
- [00:47:57.813]what we are seeing that they may not be as acceptable
- [00:48:01.710]to be used in industrial hemp,
- [00:48:03.240]primarily because we are seeing quite high levels of injury.
- [00:48:08.220]That's one of the things.
- [00:48:09.960]And the good thing about this one,
- [00:48:12.503]what we actually can think about for the clethodim at least
- [00:48:15.930]is that at least there are various formulations
- [00:48:18.150]that they're available in the market.
- [00:48:19.980]So I think we were just limited to bar formulation
- [00:48:22.740]to use in this study,
- [00:48:24.150]but we potentially can think
- [00:48:25.350]about incorporating the other ones
- [00:48:27.540]as part of the herbicide screening
- [00:48:29.100]to see whether or not those formulations
- [00:48:31.740]are really different.
- [00:48:33.840]Couple things just to think about what else
- [00:48:36.330]can be problematic when we are growing for those type,
- [00:48:41.310]for hemp at least.
- [00:48:42.810]So we need to think about when we are growing for fiber, oil
- [00:48:48.300]but as well as the oil in cannabinoids form.
- [00:48:51.600]And the main reason for this one
- [00:48:53.310]is if we are thinking about the ACCase inhibitors
- [00:48:56.040]in this case, when we are applying them,
- [00:48:57.977]we are actually directly interfering with the cycle
- [00:49:01.020]that they are producing those kind of the fatty acids
- [00:49:04.230]within the plants and we don't know the consequences,
- [00:49:07.710]how those are applied, when those are applied,
- [00:49:10.260]how this one is influencing down the pathway
- [00:49:12.480]creation of those minor and major cannabinoids,
- [00:49:15.870]but as well as potentially the levels of the THC
- [00:49:19.740]that potentially can be found within the plants.
- [00:49:22.800]Something similar can be applied as well for the seeds
- [00:49:25.740]that when we are thinking about,
- [00:49:27.000]because all seeds as well have a lot of different things,
- [00:49:30.030]omega-3, omega-6, fatty acid,
- [00:49:31.860]and how this one is actually influencing
- [00:49:34.440]the production side.
- [00:49:36.900]Couple of the kind of the main things
- [00:49:38.520]that we were actually able to find from this study
- [00:49:41.070]that potentially industrial hemp response can be influenced
- [00:49:45.480]by the active ingredients that we are selecting
- [00:49:47.370]as well as the rate that we are applying.
- [00:49:49.770]And in terms of the variety,
- [00:49:51.300]we only tested two varieties across of those.
- [00:49:53.850]So there is a lot of varieties,
- [00:49:55.020]that they're available on the market
- [00:49:56.340]and some of those may not apply for all of them.
- [00:50:00.630]Kind of the main takeaway of this study
- [00:50:03.186]from the kind of the perspective of the screening,
- [00:50:05.790]but industrial hemp may be influenced
- [00:50:07.710]by some of the ACCase herbicide we applied.
- [00:50:11.550]But we need actually really to determine
- [00:50:14.250]besides the visual response that we are getting,
- [00:50:17.250]how this one is influencing something
- [00:50:18.840]that we are really growing for in terms of the seed makeup,
- [00:50:22.560]and also even what's actually happening
- [00:50:24.480]within the cannabinoid content within the plants.
- [00:50:28.650]So I think that's pretty much what I have for today.
- [00:50:32.310]There was a third part as well,
- [00:50:33.840]but I don't think that we'll go into this one
- [00:50:35.673]just for the sake of the time.
- [00:50:36.840]Is there any questions?
- [00:50:40.980]Yeah, sorry,
- [00:50:41.813]this is really not a complex question.
- [00:50:43.890]So can you go back to your graphs?
- [00:50:48.330]Can you tell us what the,
- [00:50:50.730]like what do those points represent?
- [00:50:52.260]Are those individuals like individual pots,
- [00:50:54.930]are they, like what do they represent?
- [00:50:58.740]So the part about this one on x-axis
- [00:51:00.830]is it's represented dose. No.
- [00:51:02.637]And the every single point is actually representing the dose
- [00:51:05.820]that we tested,
- [00:51:06.687]and the every single point is contained in this case here
- [00:51:09.750]from 14 different replications, 14 different plants.
- [00:51:13.860]So it's the average
- [00:51:15.330]among 14 applications? Yes.
- [00:51:17.130]So why not report the variance among those?
- [00:51:20.940]I'm just curious why you reported the mean
- [00:51:22.950]and not the variance in those.
- [00:51:25.320]Well it's actually, there is a part here
- [00:51:29.400]that we are actually reporting for the things,
- [00:51:31.470]for the value that we were after here, it'll be the dose
- [00:51:35.100]that is actually causing the 50% of the biomass reduction,
- [00:51:38.367]and the part that variants that we are actually reporting.
- [00:51:40.710]Just here, it's possible to get all of those,
- [00:51:42.990]and I actually like this part ,
- [00:51:45.060]because working little bit with hemp,
- [00:51:47.610]it's really important to account for this variability.
- [00:51:51.720]For the sake of this presentation,
- [00:51:53.190]I just reported as a single point.
- [00:51:55.410]Okay.
- [00:51:56.243]But the part about this one,
- [00:51:57.570]I can see a little bit difference
- [00:51:58.830]between when we are growing plants in the spring
- [00:52:01.110]versus fall versus summer.
- [00:52:04.680]Okay, thank you.
- [00:52:05.730]Yep.
- [00:52:07.410]So stay on that slide.
- [00:52:10.290]You know, I like statistics.
- [00:52:12.900]So why would you go, actually, let me rephrase this.
- [00:52:17.760]I understand you go with ED50,
- [00:52:19.530]because that's one of the parameters
- [00:52:23.177]in the log logistic curve, so it's given out there.
- [00:52:27.570]But what is your threshold value for the biomass reduction?
- [00:52:31.650]If you're saying that any of these herbicides
- [00:52:33.870]we'll have detrimental effect on your hemp,
- [00:52:38.760]so what do you mean by detrimental effect,
- [00:52:40.830]and what's tolerable level?
- [00:52:42.420]Is your threshold 50%
- [00:52:44.280]or is your threshold some other number?
- [00:52:47.070]And if that was the case, now if you go back,
- [00:52:49.560]this will be kind of a follow up,
- [00:52:51.570]if you go back one more slide
- [00:52:53.340]and you show me your dry weights,
- [00:52:56.280]that's a biomass reduction,
- [00:52:59.550]and you told us earlier you couldn't fit the curves?
- [00:53:02.760]I can fit the curves to each one of those lines there.
- [00:53:06.180]Each of those lines in the table,
- [00:53:07.890]you see how you have a trend going
- [00:53:10.350]from for let's say fenoxaprop goes three to 10, 25,
- [00:53:14.880]I have fit the line there.
- [00:53:16.740]And then I can go to fenoxaprop
- [00:53:18.608]and I can go 20, 21, 23 and 40.
- [00:53:21.390]I can fit the line there
- [00:53:23.310]and use the threshold level for your tolerance,
- [00:53:27.360]so therefore you can have tolerance level
- [00:53:30.960]for each one of those herbicides,
- [00:53:32.850]and not to conclude, like you said earlier, oh only three,
- [00:53:37.170]and we obviously can see that the first two or first three
- [00:53:40.710]were pretty bad, especially on the high rates,
- [00:53:43.260]but you see what I'm heading with this?
- [00:53:46.230]You know, what would be your threshold
- [00:53:49.440]for the tolerance levels?
- [00:53:51.450]What's would be acceptable?
- [00:53:54.660]Well, the acceptable,
- [00:53:56.190]depending on what type of the production
- [00:53:57.870]we are looking right now for the hemp, but-
- [00:54:00.090]Sure. Yep.
- [00:54:03.240]This is I think is li really dependent
- [00:54:05.580]from which side are overlooking this one.
- [00:54:07.833]But, for example, even in some instances,
- [00:54:11.100]even 10% for some of the growers wouldn't be acceptable.
- [00:54:15.720]But in this part we just wanted to see
- [00:54:17.580]the relative tolerance between what we actually have there.
- [00:54:24.300]So I think that that was kind of the main thing.
- [00:54:26.190]I think potentially establishing those kind of thresholds,
- [00:54:28.830]it will be really important,
- [00:54:29.820]but we didn't look this one end at this point.
- [00:54:32.580]Actually really easy.
- [00:54:33.420]You have all the data, it's just got fit ED10 or ED5,
- [00:54:38.620]it's a 5% threshold level or a 10%,
- [00:54:41.657]you can present all those numbers
- [00:54:43.800]and let somebody who wants to use this product,
- [00:54:46.680]let them decide whether it's acceptable
- [00:54:49.170]by them or not. What's acceptable for them.
- [00:54:50.991]Yep.
- [00:54:52.306]I think that that would be important part.
- [00:54:54.029]Yeah.
- [00:54:56.130]I think in general here,
- [00:54:57.420]why I present a ED50 value suggest the general sensitivity
- [00:55:01.140]just to compare.
- [00:55:02.910]But I think it's quite relevant to look even those,
- [00:55:05.700]because for hand production, for example,
- [00:55:07.740]for 10% on the biomass can be a huge number
- [00:55:11.100]for some of them.
- [00:55:13.230]Because if we are looking about 2.5 tons per acre
- [00:55:18.120]that we are actually getting
- [00:55:20.190]can be really significant on them,
- [00:55:22.890]2.5 tons per acre of the fiber that they can actually get.
- [00:55:26.520]Right, but if you can have in those 10,
- [00:55:28.770]maybe you can tolerate that.
- [00:55:30.240]I'm playing a double advocate here now,
- [00:55:32.460]because you can tolerate maybe 10%.
- [00:55:34.710]In fact, if I can have 80% wheat control, you know?
- [00:55:39.900]Yep, but I think everything comes back to perspective
- [00:55:44.130]what one wants to do
- [00:55:45.627]and how much one is willing to tolerate.
- [00:55:52.350]Have any other questions
- [00:55:53.730]right now in the room?
- [00:55:56.040]Do you have any online?
- [00:56:03.360]No more questions for Milos?
- [00:56:05.160]You have there.
- [00:56:09.120]All right.
- [00:56:09.953]Should've said it before you.
- [00:56:11.089]Oh, I'm sorry.
- [00:56:12.193]All right, I was just curious where hemp might fit into,
- [00:56:17.490]you know, like a crop rotation or something.
- [00:56:20.370]You know, you mentioned hedgerows
- [00:56:23.250]and things as mitigation measures.
- [00:56:27.210]Could you tell us a little bit about that?
- [00:56:30.600]So right now what at least I'm seeing
- [00:56:33.960]while working with growers and those kinds of things,
- [00:56:37.200]most of them are actually just planting
- [00:56:40.620]either after corn or soybeans.
- [00:56:42.630]So grower that they have here in Columbus area,
- [00:56:45.000]he's planting after corn.
- [00:56:47.400]The Grower that is actually,
- [00:56:48.870]that I'm working south of North Platte
- [00:56:50.610]is actually planting after soybeans,
- [00:56:52.680]what we are doing as well.
- [00:56:54.420]But the challenge about this one,
- [00:56:55.253]where it can fit besides this one,
- [00:56:57.990]I think it can fit normally next to every rotation,
- [00:57:01.050]but the part about this one
- [00:57:02.370]is actually just understand the implications,
- [00:57:04.770]what potentially can bring where we are including this one
- [00:57:07.770]as a part of the rotation
- [00:57:09.240]or maybe even when we are placing our own fields.
- [00:57:11.940]I think it's a really, really complex compass,
- [00:57:14.130]because everyone is trying right now
- [00:57:16.250]to at least learn how to grow.
- [00:57:18.390]But we can see a lot of growers
- [00:57:20.100]actually starting one year to grow,
- [00:57:22.080]then something happened, they won't come back.
- [00:57:24.690]So I don't know how to address this one.
- [00:57:27.120]It's quite challenging topic.
- [00:57:30.360]Thank you.
- [00:57:36.000]Sorry, can you repeat that again?
- [00:57:37.470]I said would it be, which part of the state
- [00:57:40.020]would be more or less suitable and why or why not?
- [00:57:43.890]So I think for in general, we have a limited understanding
- [00:57:47.640]on how it's performing in this environment.
- [00:57:50.160]So going from east to west,
- [00:57:51.600]I can see for east part that maybe will get into a challenge
- [00:57:54.810]just a little bit having the higher precipitation,
- [00:57:57.510]higher humidity in this part here.
- [00:57:59.670]And if you're growing those more kind of the tight canopies,
- [00:58:02.070]the potential will trigger even some disease problems here.
- [00:58:05.550]So I think across of the states it's feasible
- [00:58:07.950]to like even us in that they're growing there,
- [00:58:11.880]it's kind of working quite well,
- [00:58:13.980]but I think it's, and I have quite a few growers even here,
- [00:58:16.650]they're growing outdoor for grain and fiber,
- [00:58:19.020]but the density I think will be really,
- [00:58:20.670]and for what they're growing for will be really important.
- [00:58:24.540]But I think it's suitable across of the state
- [00:58:26.250]pretty much everywhere.
- [00:58:27.090]Just I think more western we go more that we are increasing,
- [00:58:31.023]that we'll get the hail damage about from those.
- [00:58:33.420]And I know that North Platte
- [00:58:34.800]is a kind of the quite nice area there
- [00:58:36.600]because we are kind of the threshold, hail, no hail,
- [00:58:40.320]and that's the additional part we need to consider
- [00:58:42.600]because right now we are growing for something,
- [00:58:45.210]but they're pretty limited insurance program for this one.
- [00:58:48.930]That's the first thing.
- [00:58:49.763]An the second part that we are growing here in Nebraska.
- [00:58:52.770]When you think also where we'll be selling
- [00:58:57.120]those type of the things.
- [00:58:58.650]So for Western Nebraska, for example,
- [00:59:00.960]closest market will be Monte Vista, Colorado
- [00:59:04.110]or Eastern part will be Kansas.
- [00:59:06.630]So I think the is lot of things that play a role
- [00:59:08.677]whether or not where it will be working.
- [00:59:12.090]But part of your work,
- [00:59:13.440]are you doing any economic analysis of the, you know,
- [00:59:17.820]the whole production cycle?
- [00:59:19.680]What's the cost of seeds, cost of chemicals, you know,
- [00:59:22.950]what's profit on the end and those types of things
- [00:59:25.350]or not really?
- [00:59:26.610]We didn't include this one.
- [00:59:27.870]Okay, sure.
- [00:59:30.027]So we have one more question over here
- [00:59:31.590]and I think that will be the last question for today,
- [00:59:34.350]so that we are respectful of everyone's time.
- [00:59:38.570]This is a little bit of a strange question,
- [00:59:42.360]but when I was a boy growing up on a farm
- [00:59:46.650]in northeast Nebraska,
- [00:59:47.910]we had one particular field in a river bottom
- [00:59:51.390]that was really heavily infested with hemp.
- [00:59:55.230]And almost invariably, if it was planted to corn early,
- [01:00:03.900]then you'd get lots of different sorts of weeds,
- [01:00:08.040]different species growing.
- [01:00:10.470]But when we planted it late,
- [01:00:13.530]the primary weed that we had in the field was hemp, in fact.
- [01:00:19.440]And I guess the question is, you know,
- [01:00:22.954]is there management techniques
- [01:00:25.860]that would combine with herbicide selection
- [01:00:29.820]and one thing and another
- [01:00:31.080]that would make hemp culture easier?
- [01:00:38.363]I don't think that they understood the question,
- [01:00:39.643]especially the last part.
- [01:00:48.030]If hemp growers would choose to plant later,
- [01:00:53.730]would they have as much a weed problem
- [01:00:57.060]or would it change the choice of herbicides
- [01:01:02.250]they might choose to use as opposed to early planting?
- [01:01:07.620]And then I don't understand, you know,
- [01:01:10.080]the yield response planning date and those sorts of things.
- [01:01:15.480]I've never dealt with hemp.
- [01:01:17.130]That was actually the thing
- [01:01:18.240]that I don't think that anyone explores right now so far
- [01:01:21.690]in terms of what's happened with different planting dates.
- [01:01:24.480]I know the couple universities are just starting
- [01:01:26.430]to start working on this one.
- [01:01:28.320]For us, the main reason why we actually decided
- [01:01:30.420]to shift little bit later
- [01:01:31.650]is primarily associated with the weeds,
- [01:01:34.050]but we can actually get rid of the part of the weeds
- [01:01:36.540]and then potentially even cultivate later on
- [01:01:38.910]if it's feasible, or like in our case,
- [01:01:41.730]we were able to apply something in this one.
- [01:01:44.250]In terms of the herbicide selection of what one can use
- [01:01:47.940]early versus late, right now is none.
- [01:01:50.850]So that's actually the really challenging part
- [01:01:53.823]that we don't have the chemistries that they're available.
- [01:01:57.060]So potentially if something gets registered at some point,
- [01:02:00.900]hopefully we'll need to start thinking about this one,
- [01:02:02.970]but right now I think it can really change what we can use.
- [01:02:10.230]All right.
- [01:02:15.660]All right, I don't the mic.
- [01:02:17.616]My voice toned up.
- [01:02:19.830]I guess, you know,
- [01:02:21.150]I don't know how many states we have now in the nation
- [01:02:24.540]that have registered use or that allow growth of marihuana
- [01:02:30.510]or do we have about 12 states or 15 states?
- [01:02:32.790]I would say 15.
- [01:02:34.015]15.
- [01:02:34.848]I guess this comes back to Steve's question earlier,
- [01:02:37.260]how many acres can we allow in the state
- [01:02:40.620]before the industry goes for it?
- [01:02:42.690]You know, if they allow growth to marijuana
- [01:02:44.610]all over the country, I guarantee you, you know,
- [01:02:47.190]there's gonna be a lot of acres planted,
- [01:02:48.930]a lot of industry will go for it.
- [01:02:52.620]So one of the ways to actually solve this problem
- [01:02:57.090]is just to legalize the weed.
- [01:02:59.820]Don't put me to jail for saying that, but anyway.
- [01:03:04.470]Thank you. All right.
- [01:03:05.940]So again, I just wanna thank you all.
- [01:03:08.737]Thank you to everyone for joining us today
- [01:03:11.460]and thank you to everyone online
- [01:03:13.890]and we'll see you again next week.
- [01:03:15.570](audience applauding)
The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!
You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.
Log in to post comments
Embed
Copy the following code into your page
HTML
<div style="padding-top: 56.25%; overflow: hidden; position:relative; -webkit-box-flex: 1; flex-grow: 1;"> <iframe style="bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; border: 0; height: 100%; width: 100%;" src="https://mediahub.unl.edu/media/20472?format=iframe&autoplay=0" title="Video Player: Industrial Hemp Research at West Central Research, Extension and Education Center" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div>
Comments
0 Comments