Trait Expression: Translation

Amy Hauver Author

07/19/2022 Added

8 Plays

Description

Trait expression is the process by which genes becomes proteins, and it occurs in two parts: transcription and translation. This video describes the process of translation.

Searchable Transcript

Search:

[00:00:09.161]In this video, we'll discuss the second stage
[00:00:12.420]of trait expression, translation.
[00:00:15.780]Transcription was the first step
[00:00:17.340]that we discussed in trait expression,
[00:00:19.440]where a specific gene is transcribed
[00:00:21.300]into complimentary messenger RNA.
[00:00:24.300]This happens in the nucleus.
[00:00:25.950]The nucleotide sequence of the messenger RNA
[00:00:28.500]is read and translated
[00:00:30.390]to determine a specific amino acid sequence
[00:00:32.850]that forms a protein.
[00:00:35.010]We'll start our focus on translation
[00:00:36.840]by looking closer at messenger RNA.
[00:00:39.780]RNA is a single strand of nucleotide subunits.
[00:00:43.140]After transcription,
[00:00:44.340]the messenger RNA moves out of the nucleus
[00:00:46.770]and into the cytoplasm.
[00:00:48.990]This is where the messenger RNA will encounter a ribosome.
[00:00:52.530]The ribosome is a large macromolecule
[00:00:55.050]designed to universally translate mRNA nucleotide sequences
[00:00:59.250]into specific amino acid sequences that form a protein.
[00:01:04.350]Messenger RNA nucleotides
[00:01:06.060]are read by the ribosome in groups of three.
[00:01:09.000]This group of three nucleotide forms a codon
[00:01:12.180]and corresponds to a specific amino acid.
[00:01:16.170]The first codon pictured here
[00:01:18.090]is made up of guanine, uracil, and cytosine,
[00:01:21.420]and a ribosome pairs this with the amino acid valine.
[00:01:26.820]The second codon is made up of adenine and two uracils,
[00:01:30.000]and this is paired with the amino acid isoleucine.
[00:01:34.110]One codon, AUG, always acts as a start codon
[00:01:38.040]to signal the beginning of protein construction.
[00:01:40.800]This is denoted simply as START.
[00:01:43.320]Ribosomes assemble around the mRNA
[00:01:46.080]and bind to the start codon to initiate translation.
[00:01:50.250]As the ribosome reads the codons,
[00:01:52.470]it adds the corresponding amino acid
[00:01:54.690]to the growing polypeptide chain.
[00:01:57.450]There are also stop codons that signal the ribosome
[00:02:00.630]when a protein amino acid sequence is complete.
[00:02:03.930]Every codon between the stop and start codon
[00:02:06.870]specify which amino acid
[00:02:09.180]the ribosome should add to the chain.
[00:02:11.670]At the stop codon of the messenger RNA sequence,
[00:02:14.490]the finished polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome
[00:02:17.880]and translation is complete.
[00:02:19.920]After being released,
[00:02:20.970]the chain folds into its 3D shape for that specific protein
[00:02:24.660]and is moved in the cell
[00:02:26.010]to where it may perform its function.

The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!

You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.

Comments

0 Comments

Trait Expression: Translation

Description

Searchable Transcript

Comments icon comment

Related Channels

Comments