Interseeding Wheat With Soybeans

Amit Jhala Author

07/01/2022 Added

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[00:00:01.208](upbeat music)
[00:00:06.240]Welcome to 2022,
[00:00:08.550]Nebraska Extension Weed Management Field Day
[00:00:10.980]at South Central Ag Lab near Clay Center.
[00:00:14.382]I'm Amit Jhala, Extension Weed Management Specialist
[00:00:18.900]and this year we had number of projects
[00:00:20.730]about chemical and non-chemical control methods
[00:00:23.790]for management of herbicide-resistant weeds
[00:00:28.350]in corn and soybean, particularly.
[00:00:30.690]So, this project I'm going to discuss about is
[00:00:36.150]interseeding wheat in soybean.
[00:00:38.220]So, how best we can take advantage of interseeding wheat
[00:00:42.090]which was planted a month before planting soybean
[00:00:47.370]and then at the time of planting soybean.
[00:00:50.910]And before I discuss the project
[00:00:53.280]I just want to let you know,
[00:00:54.480]like we had a very significant hail event on June 7th
[00:00:59.370]that has significantly damaged our soybean.
[00:01:04.710]A lot of soybean was stunted and stand loss.
[00:01:08.070]So, soybean this year was not very good
[00:01:10.740]in this part of the state.
[00:01:13.890]A lot of growers are considering
[00:01:15.390]replanting soybean and corn.
[00:01:17.370]Right now, we didn't do replant in this project
[00:01:20.550]because herbicides were already applied.
[00:01:23.160]So, some of the slow growth and stunting you will see
[00:01:26.940]is not actually any herbicide effect.
[00:01:29.280]It is just because of the hail events
[00:01:31.560]and some windstorms that we had early in the season.
[00:01:36.120]So, the idea of this interseeding wheat is, you know,
[00:01:39.630]just to suppress weeds by providing biomass from wheat crop
[00:01:44.340]that is being interseeded in 30-inch row spacing of soybean.
[00:01:50.610]So, for example, this wheat
[00:01:53.970]which was planted four weeks before soybean planting,
[00:01:58.140]and then we planted soybean after a month of planting wheat,
[00:02:02.220]and then pre-emergence herbicide was applied.
[00:02:05.100]And then we terminated wheat
[00:02:07.620]after a month from planting soybean.
[00:02:11.160]So, in this plot,
[00:02:12.420]we are seeing relatively less wheat pressure.
[00:02:15.150]There are some palmer amaranth is emerging now
[00:02:17.910]because we have a lot more space
[00:02:19.800]because of the lack of the soybean,
[00:02:22.440]a lot of the stand loss of soybean.
[00:02:24.240]And then we do not have very good competition from soybean.
[00:02:28.470]So, now some palmer amaranth has started emerging
[00:02:31.890]in this plot because of the space availability.
[00:02:36.090]Otherwise, wheat, that you can see, it's now been terminated
[00:02:41.790]by applying glyphosate and it's been about a month
[00:02:45.720]but it has provided good weed suppression.
[00:02:48.450]If you compare with that plot
[00:02:50.010]where we didn't interseeded wheat
[00:02:53.430]and we didn't use any herbicides.
[00:02:55.380]So, if you compare with non-treated control
[00:02:58.260]this has reduced number of palmer amaranth emergence.
[00:03:01.710]And that is, I believe
[00:03:02.543]because of the competition from wheat
[00:03:04.739]during early in the season.
[00:03:06.900]This treatment we included just to give a message
[00:03:09.240]like once you interseed any crop,
[00:03:12.180]including wheat, you have to terminate at some point
[00:03:14.790]because for example, here,
[00:03:16.860]wheat was planted at the same time as soybean planting
[00:03:20.160]and then we didn't terminate this wheat.
[00:03:23.130]So, this is our message to growers.
[00:03:25.080]Like whether you consider cover crop
[00:03:27.630]or interseeding any crop
[00:03:29.160]you have to terminate at certain growth stage
[00:03:32.040]to make sure it will not provide too much competition
[00:03:35.010]with our main crop, which is soybean here.
[00:03:37.380]So, we did not terminate just by purpose
[00:03:40.440]just to see the effect
[00:03:42.330]on weed suppression as well as on crop.
[00:03:44.700]So, it has kind of very successful on suppressing weeds
[00:03:48.930]but at the same time,
[00:03:50.910]soybean was also, had a pretty significant competition.
[00:03:55.530]And that's why soybean was not much emerged in this plot.
[00:04:01.260]So, these two plots are good comparison
[00:04:03.690]because here wheat was planted
[00:04:07.890]at the same time of soybean planting
[00:04:09.600]and sharpen was applied pre-emergence
[00:04:12.540]compared with this plot where wheat was planted
[00:04:16.710]four weeks before soybean planting.
[00:04:18.480]So, wheat basically in this plot
[00:04:20.460]had like two months total to grow
[00:04:23.850]and develop compared with that plot
[00:04:26.790]that had only like one month
[00:04:29.250]because it was planted at the same time of soybean planting.
[00:04:33.840]Where we are seeing more weed suppression here
[00:04:36.570]compared with that plot.
[00:04:38.610]And now this is some late emergence
[00:04:41.010]of palmer amaranth
[00:04:41.850]because of lack of competition with soybean
[00:04:44.220]because soybean only in the season
[00:04:45.780]was damaged by hail and windstorms.
[00:04:50.670]So, the take-home message
[00:04:51.720]from this interseeding wheat project is number one,
[00:04:55.020]we have to terminate interseeded wheat
[00:04:58.440]by using glyphosate or some other herbicide
[00:05:00.690]at certain point to make sure
[00:05:03.270]it will not take over.
[00:05:04.710]Number second, wheat which was planted a month before
[00:05:08.850]planting soybean was better in terms of
[00:05:12.600]weed suppression compared with wheat planted
[00:05:15.180]at the time of soybean planting
[00:05:16.680]because of more biomass production.
[00:05:19.620]So, this is something
[00:05:20.850]we will continue to conduct
[00:05:22.140]this research next year.
[00:05:23.280]And once we have two-year data
[00:05:24.750]we will share this information to growers.

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Interseeding Wheat With Soybeans

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