2022 Eastern Nebraska Soil Health Conference Presentations - Paul Jasa

Deloris Pittman & Mike Kamm Author

02/10/2022 Added

31 Plays

Description

Planting Equipment for Cover Crops and Into Cover Crops - Paul Jasa, Nebraska Extension Engineer

Searchable Transcript

Search:

[00:00:08.320]When Gary first contacted me as a committee who was working on this, I says,
[00:00:11.760]well, I got an hour long presentation on planting,
[00:00:14.050]finding equipment was I got another hour long, one on planting, cover crops.
[00:00:18.640]He goes great. Do them both in 45 minutes.
[00:00:23.350]So I hit and we're gonna hit some highlights here.
[00:00:26.560]and when it comes to some of the highlights, Nathan said,
[00:00:29.110]I've been around for awhile. I've got to set a cover crop plots,
[00:00:33.610]or tillage plots,
[00:00:34.450]or the Rogers Memorial farm that I incorporated cover crops into a few years
[00:00:38.440]ago. Those plots started in 1981. I had harvest number 41,
[00:00:43.000]the show last year. So that's where my love,
[00:00:45.940]my no-till experience is coming from. And as Aaron talked this morning,
[00:00:49.450]and if you look at the tilt side on your left,
[00:00:52.720]there it's a lower elevation.
[00:00:54.700]That's all structure has been beat down the poor audacity. It's just not there.
[00:00:58.390]The right side being the no no-till, it looks a lot better there.
[00:01:01.570]That's what we're after. And again, that's part of the soul health.
[00:01:04.420]And that's where I started was with no, no-till added the cover crops later.
[00:01:09.310]and here's a planting and Stuart Hoff is a farm manager.
[00:01:14.140]And in the planner there a couple of visitors from the United Kingdom.
[00:01:17.080]You guys snap picture. We put down the old rows.
[00:01:20.170]That's the most biologically active area in the field when you're on row crops.
[00:01:24.100]Now, when you've got cover crops, you get roots everywhere.
[00:01:25.750]You got wheat and the rotation got roots everywhere.
[00:01:27.820]That's not near as critical,
[00:01:29.380]but I like planting down the old road because that's where he didn't drive.
[00:01:32.500]Last year. We don't drive on the standing residue from last year.
[00:01:35.650]So our tires last longer,
[00:01:37.570]and it does affect how I set up my planters.
[00:01:41.500]And I got to give some of these comments right up front, why we do what we do.
[00:01:46.210]And here's what that field looks like. I have to soybeans are coming up.
[00:01:49.480]We've got a lot of farmers say I can't plant down the roll.
[00:01:51.560]Cause the root ball rolls out. If the root balls rolling out,
[00:01:54.610]that means it's not deacon decomposing from below decomposing from below is
[00:01:59.410]because of solid biology. Those long-term tillage plots I had.
[00:02:03.090]This is when I went out in the early April,
[00:02:05.350]do the disking on the disc comparison. I grabbed hold of the corn stock,
[00:02:09.760]grabbed one out of the no tail, held them up.
[00:02:12.550]The one on the left is from the disc.
[00:02:16.000]The disc tillage every year is killed the soil.
[00:02:18.430]Biology such as roots are not decomposing. If you try no,
[00:02:21.550]tell him down that row, you will roll out a root ball.
[00:02:24.250]The one on the right is decomposing the nutrients and they're getting married
[00:02:28.090]and everything else getting cycled back into the soil. That's what we want.
[00:02:31.510]And that's why I plant down the old row. So again,
[00:02:34.060]you start thinking about things change as you're into the cover crops,
[00:02:37.600]as you're in the longer term. No, till for me, it was about after five years,
[00:02:41.170]I says, why would anybody till now,
[00:02:44.590]unfortunately some you have to keep a banker or a landlord happier.
[00:02:48.550]Maybe your lease isn't for five years.
[00:02:50.530]You may not get to that healthy soil that we'd like to see. so again,
[00:02:54.790]we think about it to get that soul apology going,
[00:02:57.700]just to increase the biological diversity, put wheat back in the rotation,
[00:03:01.420]Nathan's got some excellent programs getting wheat in the rotation.
[00:03:04.000]What it does. It gives you a, some opportunity for cover crops. You know,
[00:03:07.510]some papers say I can't make money on wheat. Well,
[00:03:09.370]if I got a cover crop and I'm gracing it now and giving pasture and range,
[00:03:12.580]land arrest,
[00:03:14.620]that'll make up for what you lost on potential profit from wheat. So again,
[00:03:19.120]depends, but forage is the rotation.
[00:03:21.100]Mary talked about using different covers for forages. For me,
[00:03:25.210]if it's being harvested by the livestock above ground, that's a forage.
[00:03:29.140]If it's being feeding the livestock in the ground, this whole biology,
[00:03:32.530]that's a cover crop. That's my bottom one there. And like I said,
[00:03:35.770]I took my plots and I had a no till with row crop cultivation treatment
[00:03:40.840]and a double disc versus a single disc. Back when I started the plots in 1981,
[00:03:46.420]about 2005, I says, when nobody's cultivate anymore,
[00:03:49.030]why do two disks in one disc?
[00:03:50.770]And next change that to two disking with cover crops and no-till with cover
[00:03:54.880]crops. So I've got cover crops with and without tillage they're determinate.
[00:03:59.410]And so again, it's changed a little bit over the years,
[00:04:02.110]we're seeing some huge increases in Seoul biology,
[00:04:04.450]getting the cover crop in there, corn soybean rotation, both warm season,
[00:04:09.670]grass broadleaf, my cover crop, Austin burpies and cereal rye,
[00:04:14.470]both cool season broadleaf and grass. So between my cover crop,
[00:04:18.950]my cash crop, I got all four crop types. Again, looking for diversity.
[00:04:23.770]Now here's the one that surprises a lot of people on the right side of the
[00:04:28.570]screen there that is corn residue.
[00:04:31.540]It was chiseled in the fall.
[00:04:33.910]I'm ready to come out and do the spring disk and to smooth that out so we can
[00:04:36.760]play it. A lot of people say, I go do utilities to get rid of my residue,
[00:04:40.540]but tillage gets rid of the soil biology.
[00:04:43.810]That's been shields with every year since 1981.
[00:04:46.000]And those corn stocks are still there on the right side is
[00:04:50.890]coordinated to do from a higher yield in corn crop, because that was the no,
[00:04:54.260]till I drove cover crops on that side.
[00:04:57.730]And then recover costs had been there since 2007.
[00:05:01.180]My sole biology has been stepped up so much of my corn residue is disappearing.
[00:05:06.370]I'm sorry. Left side left side. No tail with Cairo crop
[00:05:10.720]and no, this lighting here, you can't see it.
[00:05:13.750]The Sarah Rice just breaking dormancy there cereal right,
[00:05:17.100]is going to grow and give me back some more biomass there.
[00:05:20.800]But what I'm looking at as I fed the soul biology,
[00:05:24.880]that's over 200 bushel corn residue. Again, tillage.
[00:05:29.440]Why again, when you start looking at thinking about soul biology,
[00:05:33.400]I got a lot of people say, well,
[00:05:34.810]I got to go out and buy a vertical tillage tool. I go,
[00:05:37.180]why it cuts in sizes of the residue? So there's my drill. Well,
[00:05:41.470]it puts the residue in contact with the soil. So's my drill.
[00:05:45.160]My drill puts a living seed in the ground to feed the soil biology,
[00:05:48.100]but having a living road. So again,
[00:05:50.080]I like that we're using across muster drill depth controls behind.
[00:05:55.120]I like that because it leaves my residue standing.
[00:05:57.740]There's about 220 bushel of corn residue.
[00:05:59.900]The day after harvest about their seating Austrian, winter peas,
[00:06:03.830]see him down deep to get it over winter. Now this is the exact same field.
[00:06:08.630]Next March.
[00:06:10.730]Where'd all that corner has to go again.
[00:06:14.300]So apology Australia P is growing nicely there. I had one year,
[00:06:18.260]they got up about as high bluing,
[00:06:20.420]nicely because they had had a warm February and March like that. One.
[00:06:25.550]How deep you set that? [inaudible].
[00:06:31.910]I said, when I'm setting, this is peas only planted at four inches deep.
[00:06:37.040]When I do the P rye mix, I'm at three inches deep.
[00:06:41.240]I don't plant anything less than two and a half grain sorghum included
[00:06:46.100]in my cover crop mixes as well.
[00:06:48.500]We found going deeper in well-structured no-till soil is a plus you're in a
[00:06:52.520]buffered, salt temperature, buffer, and soil moisture.
[00:06:55.220]And so you get more uniform stands, but again, like I say,
[00:06:58.440]a warm spring there in knee-high he had an Easter frost that killed him.
[00:07:03.260]That's all right. I was going to spray him out anyway, a cool spring.
[00:07:07.220]They'll get this high. And people say, how much nitrogen is you grow? Wow.
[00:07:11.000]This high,
[00:07:11.360]not much when they're knee-high we estimate over a hundred pounds of nitrogen.
[00:07:15.110]So again, when we start looking at cover crops differently,
[00:07:17.480]how you're going to use them,
[00:07:19.580]we put wheat back in the rotation so we can get that cool season grass in there.
[00:07:22.910]We put cover crops in all our wheat acres, either research or broad acres.
[00:07:27.230]This is already drilled to cover crop again, with the depth control behind.
[00:07:32.090]I like that. And this is what it looks like few weeks later.
[00:07:36.230]That's a nice mix of some warm seasons, some cool seasons, some of the gloom,
[00:07:39.670]some grasses, some flower implants, some brassicas for a taproot.
[00:07:44.090]I like a diverse mix in that diverse mix.
[00:07:49.040]Nina talked about termination and winter killing that diverse mix of mine.
[00:07:52.640]Winter kills here. I'm planting into that.
[00:07:55.190]The next spring that is wheat stubble. Whereas the volunteer wheat,
[00:08:00.860]there's no herbicide on that yet again,
[00:08:03.260]that volunteer weed is being controlled because I see the cover.
[00:08:07.070]The day the combine leaves the field.
[00:08:08.960]The cover crop is up and growing mother nature.
[00:08:10.790]Doesn't let the volunteer we get started. That's good.
[00:08:13.730]Weed suppression throughout the growing season, then
[00:08:18.620]switch gears back to my early days. No,
[00:08:20.300]till before I started doing cover crops and I started, like I say,
[00:08:24.560]the plot start in 1981 actually started in 78.
[00:08:27.110]We didn't have all the technology we have today.
[00:08:29.150]We didn't have the herbicides we have today.
[00:08:33.290]I learned real fast back then never let weeds get ahead of you.
[00:08:37.340]We put down a residual herbicide rained in activated.
[00:08:40.580]When we come in and plant we're playing in the weed free environment,
[00:08:44.720]it required a brain transplant.
[00:08:46.730]Almost when people said looks plant green into a cover crop.
[00:08:50.360]Cause I had 25 years saying never plant into growing weeds.
[00:08:54.590]They're different growing weeds are going to see their random in the field of
[00:08:57.600]cover. Crop is uniform high hope and we're controlling.
[00:09:02.460]We hadn't been some people look at that and they say,
[00:09:04.140]why don't you move the residue? I go, why right now,
[00:09:06.510]every seat is under the same residue. Cover the same soul temperature.
[00:09:09.870]That's going to be most uniform growth. We plant our corn.
[00:09:13.350]Well-structured no till souls, two, three and a half inches,
[00:09:16.560]deep beans at two and a half Milo two and a half.
[00:09:19.950]We get better stands when we don't move residue. Well, when it comes to uniform,
[00:09:24.690]you have the field where the combine run the year before harvest.
[00:09:27.540]And those soybeans,
[00:09:29.400]if you can see that you're going to have problems uniformity every day of the
[00:09:33.030]year is what I want. So let's go to the planning and equipment itself,
[00:09:36.900]piling it into covers.
[00:09:38.340]Four steps you think about first is cutter handle residue, disc openers,
[00:09:42.400]out there to do that. Now make sure the district sharp working together.
[00:09:45.930]They might be staggered. This one in front of the other,
[00:09:47.940]like on the Landoll planner, the Deloitte sellers planner case H planner.
[00:09:51.690]But again, those two dis are sharper than any colder ever found in the market.
[00:09:55.080]They will cut the residue and we might look something like this.
[00:09:59.400]This is back in the eighties I worked with about 50 farmers a year.
[00:10:03.660]People like yourselves, Randy priors, a cooperator in this project,
[00:10:07.350]it was energy project. We had farmers across the state.
[00:10:10.620]Next take you your soil, your management can, you know,
[00:10:14.250]till this actually one of the farmers down engaged county,
[00:10:17.250]he swears his corn is up growing faster than his neighbors because he plants
[00:10:21.390]down. The old row became roots, released the nutrients tied up last year,
[00:10:25.530]feeds a new crop. Decane roots gives root channels.
[00:10:28.380]These roots don't have to fight so hard to get into the soil.
[00:10:32.250]He said that row never washed, never crust. I can't drive that accurate,
[00:10:37.320]but if I had a residue, we've run that planner or a colder in that punter.
[00:10:40.380]You couldn't do that because you'd hit that root ball and you'd roll it out of
[00:10:42.990]there. So again, cut handler as he was at first step,
[00:10:47.070]second step penetrate sold his.
[00:10:48.780]I'd seen them get the seed down there where it belongs.
[00:10:52.560]That's where if we had a failure back there in the eighties,
[00:10:54.900]the planners were too light or we didn't have enough down pressure Springs
[00:10:57.360]transfer the weight to where we needed it. I showed doubled up Springs here.
[00:11:02.130]there's all sorts of different things out there. At that time. White,
[00:11:04.830]the 5,000 series of planet ran a colder up front. The cooler loosen the soil.
[00:11:08.970]Those little light duty Springs worked the 6,000.
[00:11:11.910]They went to the larger diameter disc.
[00:11:13.770]The 9,000 even went larger yet and thicker yet.
[00:11:16.920]They don't offer those little Springs anymore.
[00:11:18.610]They offer a forest spring package of 400 pounds row available down pressure.
[00:11:22.800]So again, get that planning unit down in the ground.
[00:11:25.320]We're seeing industry change for us, but you got to do a little math problem.
[00:11:30.300]Now this is actually Ridge hill.
[00:11:32.830]So for an irrigator who had super bridge cleaners up front on his planner,
[00:11:36.930]the sicker bridge guide was looking for 200 pounds a row available down
[00:11:40.560]pressure, heavy duty, Jennifer Springs,
[00:11:41.910]a deer was 300 pounds a row that's 500 times of six row planters,
[00:11:46.830]3000 pounds.
[00:11:48.420]And that toolbar did not weigh 3000 pounds or picking it up off the frame.
[00:11:53.800]Again, that's the old style. Five by seven bar planters have changed a lot.
[00:11:57.850]There's more building weight.
[00:11:59.170]Now I say that for you guys now associate university research.
[00:12:03.970]I have a little four row plot planner. There's not enough weight there.
[00:12:07.090]We've got to add weight. So again,
[00:12:08.980]we've got to think about what's going on out there in the field.
[00:12:14.590]All right.
[00:12:17.680]I hit a wrong button and it's fleshing at me and it's counting. Yep. Yep.
[00:12:22.540]Now I go, I set the timer. I have three minutes now till something happens
[00:12:30.100]again,
[00:12:30.400]the 5,000 series white had the cold runner eat that toolbar white says we just
[00:12:34.360]put the weight straight on the toolbar, get the colder in the ground.
[00:12:36.910]And the planner. You can go on the ground all the way to the toolbar.
[00:12:39.970]We'll work on a planner unit. If you got heavy duty down purchase Springs.
[00:12:43.060]That's why I say white changed when they went on
[00:12:48.130]hit a problem recent years that it didn't hit back in the eighties.
[00:12:52.270]Auto-steer RTK central seed hoppers were buying
[00:12:56.920]planters without markers, markers added a bunch of weight out there.
[00:12:59.410]And the end of the planner, add the way, make sure the weight is there.
[00:13:03.760]This is reduce producer. Visit up in South Dakota. You got 32 rows there.
[00:13:08.470]He needs that weight. Now the central part,
[00:13:11.260]he's got plenty of weight and I've seen where these kinds of planets go through
[00:13:14.380]the field. The middle rows are planting perfect. They're down there.
[00:13:16.820]Two inches deep and the outside,
[00:13:18.880]the airbags are pushing and we're only planting three quarter inch deep.
[00:13:23.320]Get the weight out there to make sure it works again. Back in 81.
[00:13:27.880]When I started my plots, we had a John Deere maximum urge,
[00:13:31.780]300 pounds per available down pressure.
[00:13:33.760]Those fertilizer tanks are full of water to make sure we cut through that model
[00:13:37.870]I was doing or planting here down the old row.
[00:13:40.390]Add the weight to make sure you make it side view. That plan. When we bought it,
[00:13:44.620]it came with heavy duty. Damper Springs came with the colder.
[00:13:48.100]I'm convinced the Notel task was heavy duty dump her Springs.
[00:13:50.890]We took the coders off. When you get a wet clay soil,
[00:13:54.280]that colder brings up a little bit of mud starts balling up the depth gauge
[00:13:57.640]wheel here. You can't quite see it, but the press wheel and back he's got mud.
[00:14:01.660]The second row over it. Doesn't have it.
[00:14:03.400]We pulled the colors off of five rows left only one row on just to show we
[00:14:07.330]didn't need the colder. Now the coder is worn down a ways.
[00:14:12.040]You got a Sandy abrasive solar, a Rocky sole, the colder can take,
[00:14:15.340]wear and tear and use away from your disc openers. It's a trade off,
[00:14:19.390]but what's a Sandy abrasive soil is not one.
[00:14:22.360]That's going to be wet and sticky like a clay. So again,
[00:14:24.940]what's your sole tight again?
[00:14:27.580]Dumper Springs where the key there wait for the damper Springs to work against.
[00:14:32.710]But again, back in the eighties, I had a farmer Northeast. Nebraska says,
[00:14:36.370]don't even listen to JASA hook onto your planner, go out and try it.
[00:14:39.970]You'll be amazed.
[00:14:40.540]We can go through the old five by seven toolbar on a four row drawn planner.
[00:14:44.830]But no,
[00:14:45.250]till soybeans down the old corn row left the re for openers on there not
[00:14:50.080]to move residue just as wait. Did it change that minor a bit?
[00:14:55.160]Everything since then has been an improvement. So we're in good shape now.
[00:14:58.760]And this one is stands. Look like again,
[00:15:01.490]that's back in the eighties without all the modern technology. So again,
[00:15:05.600]think about those steps. Cut, handle it as do penetrate the soil. I said,
[00:15:10.580]Hamill residue. Well raised movers were invented in the nineties.
[00:15:14.870]I don't even know till 10 years without them. So I says, try it. You'll like it.
[00:15:18.870]And yeah, we tried them as we tried them.
[00:15:21.500]We found out we don't really like them.
[00:15:24.050]one of the producers we worked with up near Khaimah,
[00:15:26.630]he just moved over each year, a little bit, trying to accumulate some residue,
[00:15:30.530]trying to accumulate some soul structure.
[00:15:32.600]Remember you didn't have this whole biology yet.
[00:15:34.340]He's going to roll out root balls. If he goes down the row,
[00:15:36.830]after a couple of years getting sole biology,
[00:15:38.810]then you start going down the old row.
[00:15:41.150]And so plant is close to possible zeal row to reduce bounce until
[00:15:46.010]you get that soul structure built up. But again,
[00:15:48.770]when it comes to residue movers, in the early days,
[00:15:52.250]when they first came out, we ran a little too aggressive.
[00:15:54.260]Everybody did because they were used to for openers as you move that residue
[00:15:58.160]off, yes, it was pretty the day you planted.
[00:16:01.370]But if it went and blew that next day blew some residue back.
[00:16:05.030]You had some seeds, they were in warm dry environment with no residue.
[00:16:08.660]You had some under residue, cooler and wetter.
[00:16:10.910]You had some that come up and leafed out under residue because residue blew
[00:16:14.150]back. That's not uniform yields went down.
[00:16:17.540]Our yields went up when we quit running residue movers.
[00:16:21.120]I had a meeting where the one of the exhibitors says you're running the wrong
[00:16:25.580]brand. Okay? I says,
[00:16:30.440]we'll try it. This is a center pivot up at Mead. The research from there,
[00:16:35.660]we set up an eight year old planner. He only gave us four.
[00:16:39.110]So we had a colder residue, mover combination, but we went down and came back.
[00:16:44.060]We had eight rows. There are eight row combine. You could take out that plot.
[00:16:47.600]And we just did the entire field that way,
[00:16:50.000]where we either had the both of them down one or the other up or neither of
[00:16:54.980]them down. Also through the field, every few hundred feet,
[00:16:59.240]we had flags set.
[00:17:01.130]We told the planter driver when you're coming down and you get that flag.
[00:17:04.440]If you're on the row, shift off the row, next pass, we reconfigured came back.
[00:17:08.690]Did it again.
[00:17:10.940]Our worst stands are replanted down the old row with the residue mover.
[00:17:14.930]That was our worst yield.
[00:17:16.940]And you guys may look at that and you see these red balls rolled out. You go,
[00:17:20.600]why the hell would you even do that? Guys? We've done it for years in Ridge,
[00:17:24.890]till for furor irrigation run Rezi. We were just down the hill row at Mead.
[00:17:29.650]There we quit running residue movers. We no, till on top of the Ridge,
[00:17:33.980]we don't have that problem. We don't have residue plugging up the furrows.
[00:17:37.880]So again, a little things start to add up. Our best stands,
[00:17:41.840]where we planted beside the row with nothing.
[00:17:44.420]And this is a high yield study they were trying to do.
[00:17:46.430]This is a 44,000 stand on 44,000 corn on corn. For five years,
[00:17:51.660]I rallied hard and said they were going to raise 300 bushel corn in five years,
[00:17:55.440]2 87 was the best they did. But again,
[00:17:58.590]no residue movers beside the old row.
[00:18:01.440]Now this one rose stunted a little bit and he's on the edge of the wheel track.
[00:18:05.010]You really want to stand and put him in the heart of the wheel track and you
[00:18:08.010]wear out your tractor tires real fast driving on the residue.
[00:18:11.220]So we stay off the old residue plan as close to the old road as possible on
[00:18:16.110]that farm, we do have floating restaurant movers with debt bands,
[00:18:18.510]for the researchers who want to move residue.
[00:18:21.600]We prefer not to run them throughout his Memorial farm or dry farm.
[00:18:24.690]We don't run them. In fact, we have Wheaton rotation.
[00:18:28.140]A lot of people say you can't let no till in the week is it's too wet under that
[00:18:31.050]heavy wheat stubble. This was soybeans planted on April 15th,
[00:18:36.330]may one they're up and growing. We've got some people in an agronomy department.
[00:18:40.470]So you can't plant soybeans and conditional till tow bay one.
[00:18:42.960]Cause this whole it's not warm enough.
[00:18:44.640]Well-structured no-till solid good river residue.
[00:18:47.430]I got two extra weeks of growing extra yield because I'm using that spring water
[00:18:52.380]that's available. So again, good structured no-till soil.
[00:18:57.120]Let's go back to the planner and rescue pantry. So establish seed to soil,
[00:19:01.050]contact close the CV.
[00:19:03.990]Now some brands do those two steps together.
[00:19:06.810]And one other think about them as separate steps.
[00:19:10.980]This one of the farmers I worked with in about 1984, he had an old cycle,
[00:19:15.990]400 runner planner. He said, I put sand in the sec side hopper,
[00:19:20.760]I got a good sharp runner there. He said, I couldn't handle the rest.
[00:19:24.060]I can penetrate the soil a 400 cycle. If you're not familiar with it,
[00:19:27.600]had a press release about this. Widen back, did nothing for seed to soil.
[00:19:31.680]Contact did nothing to close the CV, this field cultivate next to it.
[00:19:37.380]Now it rained that night.
[00:19:41.400]It still did it and covered up all these seeds and his disc field cultivate was
[00:19:45.930]13 bushel breaker. Less than this, no,
[00:19:48.570]till he bought a new planner, he loves no till again.
[00:19:53.370]Think of those steps. As you're thinking of those steps,
[00:19:56.730]I can say some brands do them together.
[00:19:58.380]John Deere had the angled closing wheels.
[00:20:00.180]These are cast iron and don't recommend cast iron for spring planning.
[00:20:03.750]That's for dry double cropping. The wheat stubble in Southern Illinois, Indiana,
[00:20:07.380]Kentucky. When it comes to those angle closing, as they gave you,
[00:20:10.560]see the Sockeye heck close the CV at the same time.
[00:20:13.860]But what they do that by squeezing down on the soil, the claps,
[00:20:17.970]the soil around the seed get, see the sole contact,
[00:20:20.310]but lead the soil directly above the seed loose.
[00:20:22.620]That's part of the name for Mexican emergence and Randy,
[00:20:26.070]I think this was one of your slides
[00:20:29.760]as you're planting with those angle, closing he on the corn player.
[00:20:32.940]When corn planters are designed to plant two to three inches deep.
[00:20:36.660]Now I'm going to plant my load. One inch deep. I'm squeezing down here too.
[00:20:41.520]You pack below the seed, the seed get get out earlier. I said,
[00:20:45.270]we don't pay anything less than two and a half inches.
[00:20:46.920]We're using our corn planter to plant our Milo and beans.
[00:20:49.990]It was designed to plant two to three inches deep.
[00:20:51.970]So that's why we it two to three inches deep. You don't pack little the seed.
[00:20:55.000]Then you pack around the seed for seed to soil contact.
[00:20:59.530]He is evaluated seed to soil contact that seeding depth separate from closing
[00:21:03.550]the top of the CV. If it's already there at seeding depth,
[00:21:07.060]don't tighten trying to close the top cause you're going to over-pack the CV.
[00:21:12.130]So again, stink of as separate steps.
[00:21:16.420]If you're having trouble hosing the CV, this is in tilled soil.
[00:21:20.380]One of the first things I look at are you're in the planner, nose down.
[00:21:23.560]If the planner goes nose down,
[00:21:25.690]the tail stock back here goes tail down and you lose the pinching action.
[00:21:30.520]Those wheels, if you don't believe me, you walk up behind one of these planters,
[00:21:34.050]just pick up the tail stock and watch the relative positions wheels.
[00:21:39.490]As you get a tail down this run level, you do a better job of closing.
[00:21:44.800]The other thing is if you're planting too shallow, remember I said,
[00:21:47.530]this was designed for two to three and spraying depth.
[00:21:49.870]If you're planning to shallow, this pivot points up higher,
[00:21:52.270]the tail stock goes tail down. You won't close the CV up at the RDC.
[00:21:57.220]We used to have these. We still have the plots there for, crop measure,
[00:22:01.240]diagnostic clinics set up the planner there and ran. These two rows are planted.
[00:22:05.680]One inch deep. You can't see it on this picture,
[00:22:08.200]but when you're there in the field, you can actually see the seeds.
[00:22:11.140]It would not even close the CV. These two rows were three inches.
[00:22:14.920]Deep worked fine. This row.
[00:22:17.380]And another row up here were two inches deep worked fine. Two,
[00:22:21.490]three is plenty depth with those angle. Holes and rules were designed for
[00:22:26.410]now. Here's a CV that here's closed.
[00:22:29.560]And this little spot here with no snow residue, it opened your
[00:22:34.540]first year of no, till you don't have sole structure,
[00:22:37.000]you got to shrink swell clay as they call it. It closed the CD. Perfect.
[00:22:40.720]Today when it's what? Three days of hot, dry wind,
[00:22:43.540]if it's exposed it dries and shrinks may open back up.
[00:22:48.070]That's the sole structure problem could be a planner problem. Again,
[00:22:51.610]if I plant a little deeper, I do a better job of closing. But again,
[00:22:54.760]this is where a lot of people are not. They're buying attachments now.
[00:22:57.760]Hard Martin hit the market with Martin Spader wheels,
[00:23:01.000]Martin Spader wheels tilt in the soil. So it wouldn't open back up.
[00:23:04.030]The loose soil is there.
[00:23:05.950]The conventional John Deere wheels gave you seed to soil contact and close the
[00:23:09.310]CV. This closed the CB, but didn't give you seed to soil contact.
[00:23:14.590]No problem. Hard. Martin's afraid of Jean.
[00:23:16.210]Keaton's put a Keaton seed from around there to get seed to soil contact. Again,
[00:23:20.020]think of the steps separately.
[00:23:22.360]Now heard Martin he's in Kentucky, Steve Martin.
[00:23:26.410]Now his son's taken over that tillage back here loosened up the soil so much
[00:23:31.270]that it dried out. Well, 15 inches of rainfall. He wants to dry it out.
[00:23:35.110]I asked you guys how many you want to dry extra seeds on a dry, a planning time.
[00:23:39.460]Even for them, they said it's too much.
[00:23:41.170]The Martin till pat now includes a drag chain behind. So fills that in.
[00:23:45.500]So does drought near as much, but now get an intense rain.
[00:23:50.360]That's going to crush just like a tilled soil.
[00:23:53.150]I don't like those Spader tilling Spader wheels doing the tillage. So again,
[00:23:58.070]we are in the standard John Deere wheels,
[00:24:00.950]or you go to a different company rather than what are they really aggressive?
[00:24:04.340]Martin Spader wheels. Here's the Thompson. [inaudible],
[00:24:08.300]it's a little triangle. Doesn't get near as aggressive.
[00:24:12.290]Keith Thompson's out in Kansas where he's got a shrink, swell clay.
[00:24:16.880]He wants to lose soil, but he doesn't want to till beacon dry it out.
[00:24:20.660]He's got a Keaton seed firmer in their Heidi.
[00:24:22.250]And to give them seed to soil contact, he's got that loose soil.
[00:24:24.680]There is that solid rice. It's never going to open back up.
[00:24:28.010]So there's all different kinds of wheels out there. My latest count,
[00:24:31.190]looking through farm magazines and online,
[00:24:33.620]there's about 38 different ones to choose from. Which one do you want?
[00:24:39.860]Look at their conditions. Why do they invent that wheel?
[00:24:44.330]Do you have those conditions?
[00:24:46.220]The shrink saw clay of Keith Thompson's little shallow teeth, just loose soil.
[00:24:50.960]What soil you need air in there. Open it up. Martin Spader Hills. Again,
[00:24:55.670]what's their conditions. Now, as you start paying for these wheels,
[00:24:59.660]they start to give me expensive.
[00:25:01.520]We got some guys say I'm going to buy half as many, half as many.
[00:25:05.300]This is a producer I met up in central South Dakota,
[00:25:10.760]and you can stay here. The wheels one in front of the other,
[00:25:15.500]on some of these planters.
[00:25:17.090]He's got the spoke wheel in front to give salute soil.
[00:25:20.660]He's got this wheel in back to from the soil and in dry conditions.
[00:25:24.950]I like that arrangement. I get my loose soil, but I from it enough.
[00:25:27.740]So it doesn't dry out too much. It's got the Cate and seed firmer in there.
[00:25:31.880]These times on these Martins where he used to be an inch and a half longer
[00:25:37.250]in your mind, inch and a half longer,
[00:25:40.340]it's going to pick every seat out of the seed for all.
[00:25:43.940]He took the cutting torch, cut one inch off every tooth inch and a half,
[00:25:47.150]roughly across a 16 year old planner. It took him a little while.
[00:25:53.240]If he would've read the directions,
[00:25:56.330]they say he put a spacer in there to move that wheel out.
[00:26:00.350]So doesn't dig out the seeds, read the directions.
[00:26:05.960]Now this is a producer in Eastern South Dakota where it's wetter.
[00:26:10.580]He's got his solid wheel in front help get seed to soil contact.
[00:26:13.880]He's got the spoked one in back to give them loose soil.
[00:26:16.970]So it doesn't open back up when it dries. So yeah,
[00:26:20.870]I've seen him arrange different ways,
[00:26:22.910]but I liked the stagger because when it does,
[00:26:25.610]it tends to over close the CD one way or close the other way,
[00:26:28.670]less likely to open back up. Even if you're using two conventional river wheels,
[00:26:32.450]stagger them, it'll fix that problem.
[00:26:37.730]You heard about Dan Gillespie. This is his planner. A few years ago,
[00:26:41.630]shared this picture with me. Notice the tailstock here running level.
[00:26:46.170]Then you get the pinching action. Then the standard rubber wheels worked fine.
[00:26:49.620]When I first met Dan, he was renting these resonate. We were pretty aggressive.
[00:26:53.070]I told him, raise him up. And he like anybody.
[00:26:55.410]Else's only a quarter inch a year.
[00:26:58.080]And after a few years he had them up high enough that all they do is kick out
[00:27:01.080]piles. He's got a starter fertilizer line. There's a little blue line down here.
[00:27:06.420]He's got extra nitrogen out front
[00:27:09.810]good boost to get the corn started.
[00:27:11.810]Then he puts on some through the pivot when it comes to planting into cover
[00:27:15.480]crops. When it comes to planting in wheat, stubble, corn residue,
[00:27:17.850]the heavy carbon, get some nitrogen close to the row.
[00:27:22.890]That's going to help that young crop get going. Now it's not extra nitrogen.
[00:27:27.600]If I put on 30 pounds here,
[00:27:28.980]it's 30 pounds less through the pivot later or 30 pounds,
[00:27:32.310]less side dressed, or however you put on your rest of your nitrogen.
[00:27:36.810]But to keep it close to the row.
[00:27:39.720]Now this picture looks a little washed out here, but that is a foggy morning.
[00:27:45.420]As far, you weren't even at the Rogers Memorial farm,
[00:27:47.250]we had a planning eight study and on the calendar was a day plan.
[00:27:52.680]Went out there that day. It rained about an inch a quarter of the day before
[00:27:58.110]we're going to plant because that's the day we're supposed to plan.
[00:28:01.260]I plan to work fine. It's because we got nothing in front.
[00:28:06.420]You can just, well, like I say, the exposure here, you can't quite see it.
[00:28:09.360]Here's the fun picture of that day though. Review that planner.
[00:28:14.190]Look at the depth gauge wheels rained an inch and a quarter of the day before.
[00:28:18.510]And we're out planting. Very seldom.
[00:28:21.180]Do we get rained out because we got good soul structure.
[00:28:24.120]Let's excess water soak. Wait, we got residue on the top.
[00:28:26.370]We right on that residue. We can go now pick it up a little bit.
[00:28:31.400]My back here best. Cause I got nuts.
[00:28:32.970]Closing wheels here to give me the loose soil.
[00:28:34.710]So it doesn't open back up in the soul dries. Very seldom.
[00:28:38.280]Do we get rained out because we had nothing in front of the planner,
[00:28:43.020]extra weight for penetration.
[00:28:45.750]I got seed corn sex there to protect the paint.
[00:28:48.540]It's up to you and my protecting the green or the red.
[00:28:54.000]I said red match closers. Here's a producer. I met who's a little cheaper,
[00:28:57.150]only about one notch closer again. That's the standard case H wheel. But again,
[00:29:01.590]it gives that loose off is less likely to open back up,
[00:29:05.450]got the Shephard rebounder in here, Shephard rebounded.
[00:29:09.930]Here's the original one that fastened to the seed tube and the rebounder
[00:29:14.850]and the Keaton will both get the seed to the bottom of the seed.
[00:29:17.640]V I'm to the point I won't plant corn without one or the other on there.
[00:29:21.600]I want the corn of the bottom of CV for good uniform emergence. Now,
[00:29:25.500]if you want seed firming in dry soils,
[00:29:28.260]you're going to buy the Keeton seed firmer. If you've got wet soils,
[00:29:33.030]that's where the shepherd rebounder works better because it doesn't drag but
[00:29:35.850]soil. So again, it depends where you're at,
[00:29:40.020]but what it does is voids this problem.
[00:29:41.740]This is a dry land corn planted beside the old row.
[00:29:45.880]Here's a corn plant that's way behind his neighbors.
[00:29:49.570]He was up on the side of the CV, sitting in dry soil,
[00:29:52.480]waiting for a rain compared to his neighbors were in good moisture. So again,
[00:29:56.380]that's where a Keaton or rebound or pay for themselves and more uniform
[00:29:59.380]emergence is get that seed down deeper, good seed to soil contact.
[00:30:04.510]You get better root system.
[00:30:06.220]These were two adjacent plants to Jason ears on those plants on a planet that
[00:30:10.390]had bounce problems going through the field, reduce bounce problems,
[00:30:14.260]build soil sole structure, add some weight, throw unit, reduce,
[00:30:17.680]see bounce problems, put on a Keaton. Her rebounder beginnings,
[00:30:21.270]how much we're giving up here, because that seems too shallow.
[00:30:24.280]This is about an inch and a quarter deep.
[00:30:25.810]This one was about two and a half inches, deep wounded.
[00:30:27.820]They dug and found the seed. So again, think about it.
[00:30:32.080]Switch gears a little bit narrow rows.
[00:30:36.670]I may ask my cover crop, Cedar, maybe it's my grain drill.
[00:30:38.800]Maybe it's soybean drill head or Hannah residue penetrate.
[00:30:42.050]The solid is seed to soil contact close the seed V
[00:30:46.570]divide by four. When it comes to residue flow,
[00:30:50.080]seven half inch rows versus 30 inch rows. There's only one fourth of space.
[00:30:54.340]This is not a drill problem. That is a combine problem.
[00:30:57.010]Didn't spread the residue properly at harvest time. Spread the residue,
[00:31:01.900]make it work for you. Not against you.
[00:31:06.220]Multiply by four. When it comes for weight for penetration.
[00:31:10.960]This is again, back in the eighties. When the cooperating farmers we had says,
[00:31:14.440]yeah, I'm going to look at drilled soybeans. And that was when it was drill.
[00:31:17.470]Beans really were of interest.
[00:31:19.450]I would say they didn't really catch on in Nebraska. Like they did back east.
[00:31:23.290]This company is trying to sell their drill. He brought it up left.
[00:31:27.130]Every soybean seed on top of the ground dealer said, no problem.
[00:31:30.910]I'll tighten dump her Springs here.
[00:31:32.230]And they'll give you 300 pounds of row available down pressure. I'm in my head,
[00:31:35.980]300 pounds, row 24 openers and a 15 foot drill is 7,200 pounds.
[00:31:40.930]I said, what's your drill away? He says, oh, 5,000 pounds.
[00:31:42.970]So you can pick it up 5,000 pounds this way,
[00:31:46.210]7,200 pounds this way. And this driver goes six inches off the ground.
[00:31:50.110]And that's how many volunteers it took. I don't recommend that one.
[00:31:55.870]Industry's responded. We're getting weight built in. We got cross muster drill.
[00:32:00.700]I told you I've got a full set of suitcase weights on there and make sure it
[00:32:04.420]penetrates. Cross Buster now fills this beam, this beam here,
[00:32:08.380]and this beam here with flat steel to build in. Wait,
[00:32:11.860]I'm not hitting anything you can't plant through yet because I got that extra
[00:32:14.530]week. I put markers on too. I don't use the markers that often,
[00:32:17.830]but this entire marker assembly add another 800 pounds. So again,
[00:32:22.040]get the weight if you need it again.
[00:32:24.190]I showed you that there's even some extra 90 pound weights back here.
[00:32:28.420]Freshly harvested coroner. You no problem leaves the residue standing.
[00:32:31.540]No problem.
[00:32:33.730]A John Deere came out with the drill about the same time there in the eighties.
[00:32:37.420]They had depth control next to a single good down pressure.
[00:32:40.340]Looked like single disc and cut residue.
[00:32:42.920]Nicely good depth control right there. Well,
[00:32:46.270]what happens is this wheel runs over some residue. The space here,
[00:32:49.940]there's another gang in back with a depth of Neil filling in that space.
[00:32:56.300]He runs over a little bit of residue and your fields might look like this when
[00:32:59.450]you're drilling beans, drilling beans in the spring. That's all right.
[00:33:02.990]Cause I want flattened residue, absorb rain,
[00:33:04.490]drop impact drilling wheat in the fall.
[00:33:07.700]When I want Jenny and residue to catch snowed or it is winter kill. I hate that.
[00:33:13.430]So again, depends. Where are you using? What are you trying to accomplish?
[00:33:16.640]There's ways to improve, leaving some more residue standing.
[00:33:20.780]Maybe you want to roll down the residue from Ramit and Kansas.
[00:33:24.440]He's planting Milo there into a heavy cover crop seeded in the wheat sub last
[00:33:28.430]year and winter killed.
[00:33:30.560]And he's had some starter there and that it's never going to crest or wash out
[00:33:35.450]or dry out because he's got a good residue cover.
[00:33:37.430]They're never going to have weeds cause he's got a good residue cover.
[00:33:39.830]There you'd be amazed how much these things can go through when that residue is
[00:33:43.760]anchored attached, standing up. Right? Well, the worst thing you can do is cut.
[00:33:47.870]Rezdy loose or make a Mac because now when you hit it,
[00:33:51.320]it's going to move the plug. Yet.
[00:33:55.790]One of the things that you and the John Deeres switched to a narrower seed press
[00:33:59.420]wheel,
[00:34:00.350]John Deere original one was inch and a quarter wide because it was designed for
[00:34:03.290]tilled soil. You don't get enough seed to soil contact in no,
[00:34:06.620]till the narrower ones are a half inch,
[00:34:09.260]three quarter inch to be on which brand you buy the spoked wheels they're
[00:34:12.830]available for the deer drills and air seeders. Again, it depends.
[00:34:17.570]Do you have the soul's going to dry and open back up.
[00:34:19.910]Spokes are good if you've got dry. So you need extra help. Closing force,
[00:34:23.720]maybe sticking the standard cast wheels. I love this producer.
[00:34:27.380]I met up central South Dakota. He put on the narrow depth gauge wheels.
[00:34:31.820]It leaves a lot more as you're standing,
[00:34:34.640]he put on a real narrow press wheel,
[00:34:37.370]which is good in dry conditions to get good seed to soil contact and the notch
[00:34:41.480]to area, which is good for wet conditions over here, he's got the wide wheel.
[00:34:45.260]That's good until conditions. He's got the cast iron,
[00:34:47.510]which is good and dry conditions. And I'm like, oh, which one do you like best?
[00:34:51.230]He goes, I don't know how you say. There's a lot of bottle on the market.
[00:34:55.940]Just think about what you're trying to accomplish. Again.
[00:34:58.940]The narrow wheel and the narrow depth gauge wheel will help
[00:35:04.970]again.
[00:35:05.360]I said it looked like a lot of weight building in those down purchase Springs.
[00:35:09.800]Start to lift the back. You may have to add weight.
[00:35:13.850]And John Deere has a bracket add weight in the back. I'm air seeders.
[00:35:17.780]They have a bracket. They put the bracket in the front.
[00:35:20.840]That's not where you need the weight.
[00:35:22.480]Put the weight in the back is Josh Lloyd out of Kansas. He's got weights there.
[00:35:26.360]He's got weights in the wings. Get a hold.
[00:35:28.730]That tail that drilled down the way that swing arm works is going to pick up the
[00:35:32.570]back of the drill, not the front of the drill. So again, put it in back.
[00:35:37.470]Mark Watson out Alliance, K Sage SDX, 30 foot wide,
[00:35:42.330]seven half inch space.
[00:35:43.170]And he's got 36 front end weights across the back of that drill.
[00:35:48.360]He's always planting in dry conditions.
[00:35:50.730]He's always planting into brand new no-till when he's doing some custom work,
[00:35:55.050]he needs that extra weight. In fact,
[00:35:58.620]he added three tanks. They're staggered. When they're empty,
[00:36:02.340]the drill folds up all three in her line looks pretty.
[00:36:05.070]I don't have that picture where those three tanks on there,
[00:36:08.100]when he's doing custom work,
[00:36:09.180]he gets to a farm with no whole structure and is dry and hard.
[00:36:12.060]He blows in 600 gallons of water for extra weight.
[00:36:17.040]It works.
[00:36:18.720]The vantage is he can take it back out when he doesn't need the extra weight.
[00:36:22.380]The advantage is it's 600 gallons lighter going down the road,
[00:36:25.440]safety and transport. So again,
[00:36:27.570]we've got to think about handling the weight safety Mark's planner.
[00:36:31.770]He's got cast iron weights back here in these row units, the front row units,
[00:36:35.160]insecticide hopper is filled full of sand. When he's planting his beans,
[00:36:39.300]he's got his fertilizer. These two tanks are water for weight when he needs it.
[00:36:44.940]When he's planting corn, he detaches the back and he may have insecticide.
[00:36:49.630]He needs the weight. So again, depends by the conditions you're in. Now.
[00:36:53.910]The 15 inch bean planters were popular back east in Nebraska.
[00:36:57.750]They're catching on some
[00:37:00.750]here's a field of wheat plant or the Kinsey 15 inch planter
[00:37:05.820]or a presenter from Iowa said metering with the wheat wheat with a soybean
[00:37:10.680]plate. There's little foams, filler strip.
[00:37:12.900]It works on the Kenzie's and the brush meter.
[00:37:15.540]But now you only own the one planner for all of your crops.
[00:37:19.890]I give you some extra opportunities, perhaps he has,
[00:37:23.430]you have to work with your weed control now though,
[00:37:25.230]because you have some gaps here that it's going to be a little harder to get
[00:37:27.990]good weed control. But we start thinking about these 50 inch planters.
[00:37:32.370]They brand Ohio.
[00:37:34.950]He uses 15 years planner as his cover copper owner, knock you down. Hairy vetch,
[00:37:40.530]Terry Taylor, no lie again. It's 15 years planter box down.
[00:37:45.390]He's only using every other rope on his corn in thirties.
[00:37:49.020]When his cover crop roller is knocking it down.
[00:37:50.610]Now both of them use a herbicide to finish killing the cover crop. So again,
[00:37:54.630]different ways of terminating the cover crops. As you terminate the cover crop.
[00:37:58.870]This is a little washed out, but that is good.
[00:38:01.890]Tall cereal rye plant right down through there with John Deere air seeder,
[00:38:06.600]rolling it down.
[00:38:09.150]This one is a little more extreme sorghum Sudan in wheat.
[00:38:13.290]Stubble got up nice and tall and he's planting a fall seeded crop there,
[00:38:17.730]but again, pretty effective and rolling it down.
[00:38:20.460]You'd be amazed where those things can go through. Cover.
[00:38:23.910]Crop holders mentioned those fraternity and cover crops is from the Rodale
[00:38:28.380]Institute. They put a cover crop Rover up front, roll the cover crop down,
[00:38:31.560]put a planter and back and pet your plots for old plots for works fine.
[00:38:37.060]I've not seen a cover crop roller the amount up front they'll handle your 16 row
[00:38:40.210]planner. So again, you gotta be careful,
[00:38:42.940]but for a cover crop roller to work effectively terminate the cover crop.
[00:38:46.390]It needs to be in the reproductive stage.
[00:38:49.840]Here's Steve Groff using a Buffalo rollingstock chopper is his cover crop roller
[00:38:53.350]determinated cereal rye.
[00:38:55.390]He plants pumpkins into that pumpkin's girl on the ride. They don't get dirty.
[00:38:59.830]Kids can walk out there and pick your own pumpkins without getting their feet
[00:39:02.680]muddy. And I think Aaron tries some of that himself.
[00:39:08.200]I don't see him right now. Oop, don't hit that button.
[00:39:15.010]Hit that one.
[00:39:17.110]Here's my CRI at planning time cover crop roller.
[00:39:21.880]Won't terminate that when I'm planting in mid April,
[00:39:25.990]it depends upon the spring. It depends when you're planting your cash.
[00:39:29.500]Crop depends a lot of conditions. I'm not a fan of cover crop rollers.
[00:39:33.520]Cause by the time we get to reproductive stage,
[00:39:35.170]my cover crops away plan past planning season. So you're right.
[00:39:38.860]That growth stage. I don't even use glyphosate.
[00:39:42.910]We use Lumax corn program has atrazine with Callisto,
[00:39:47.170]with duals, generic duel.
[00:39:49.510]That's what Lumax is between the Callisto and the atrazine they'll take out
[00:39:53.290]right that size. And I got my residual down with terminating my cover crop.
[00:39:57.730]So yeah, little things start to add up Dan Glasby.
[00:40:02.710]When he was acting with NRCS,
[00:40:04.390]he actually helped run a cover crop program for Laurel corn NRD based up there
[00:40:07.720]in Norfolk. It was actually in Dan's farm seed,
[00:40:10.630]even cover crop airplane to get earlier growth. My Sheryl,
[00:40:14.580]where I was only this fall. Cause I see that in after corn harvest,
[00:40:17.910]get it started a month earlier. Now it gets some more growth. Now in Nebraska,
[00:40:22.600]we see a lot of aerial seeding in a seed corn production.
[00:40:27.160]We don't see near as much in commodity corn, commodity beans.
[00:40:31.390]And here's Dan combining on dry land farm.
[00:40:34.450]And this is the first year he tried it and he thought this was great.
[00:40:38.020]And he was convinced that that much cereal rye growth there,
[00:40:41.560]the extra residue on the Sandy soil next year,
[00:40:44.530]it kept the soil cooler and he thinks the corn did about 20 bushels breaker
[00:40:48.580]better. Cause he had that cereal arrived there on a sand.
[00:40:51.340]And a lot of people say you don't have enough moisture in the sand. Well,
[00:40:53.560]if you keep it cooler and you keep your moisture there,
[00:40:55.690]cause you don't have any operation, he can pay.
[00:40:58.990]Now he will admit it worked perfect that year.
[00:41:01.750]Cause it rained right after the airplane king.
[00:41:04.960]He's had enough years of experience with it.
[00:41:07.540]And there's Dan sitting there in a soil pit.
[00:41:10.600]He's had enough years experience with it that he says I've just been away from
[00:41:14.380]it.
[00:41:14.740]He's putting his cover copy under the drill is here's the field that was flown
[00:41:18.370]on without a rain here's a month and a half later.
[00:41:22.180]And it's still almost no cover crop there. So again,
[00:41:25.270]flying it on becomes risky in seed corn production. The risk.
[00:41:28.360]I see it because they're running the pivot in another time to finish the seed
[00:41:31.810]corn, you'll get the cover crop up. So again, we think about it.
[00:41:36.440]Dan worked with a bunch of farmers one year and they went out on Monday,
[00:41:42.170]put out one ton totes of a cover crop mix,
[00:41:46.580]50 pounds per acre or at one time Topo seed 40 acres.
[00:41:49.670]And that's what they cost share did was for 40 acres,
[00:41:52.640]they distributed all the totes and they had a helicopter come in.
[00:41:56.540]The age of the helicopter for aerial seeding is they don't have to return to the
[00:41:59.480]airport and they come back.
[00:42:03.080]All the totes were delivered and the day the helicopter showed up,
[00:42:07.340]they had a trailer it's off the side here.
[00:42:09.020]They had the forklift and the skid steer helicopter never had a land.
[00:42:13.910]He just hovered to the side. They'd dumped in. He went and spread as he spread.
[00:42:18.260]And that one, they loaded that up,
[00:42:19.880]went to the next field and they did something like a neighborhood with almost a
[00:42:24.500]thousand acres in one afternoon because they were organized.
[00:42:28.610]Get together with a neighbor. If you're going to try something like this,
[00:42:31.970]if you've got a helicopter, your neighborhood,
[00:42:35.450]or maybe it's a dry fertilizer spreader. This is back in 2013, Marty max,
[00:42:39.150]Northeast, Nebraska,
[00:42:40.850]when soybeans are just starting to the yellow on the leaves,
[00:42:43.370]get the seed out there. When the leaves drop, it'd be a mulch.
[00:42:45.740]The next rain will bring it up. If you go earlier than that,
[00:42:48.860]you don't get enough sunlight penetration. If you go later than that,
[00:42:51.350]you get too many seeds on top of the leaves, not touching the soil,
[00:42:55.670]but he hadn't fertilizer, spreader cheap and easy,
[00:42:59.660]borrowed some slides here from Missouri. They did some research on it.
[00:43:02.930]It's hard to do research plots with an airplane.
[00:43:04.880]They don't like little 10 foot wide plots.
[00:43:07.460]So they simulate that by spreading just how a little 12 volt spreader.
[00:43:10.910]Here's a couple of different projects,
[00:43:12.530]short corn that told word spread to work pretty good on tall corn.
[00:43:15.500]Not quite so well again, an airplane's higher.
[00:43:19.550]As some seed got caught in the world when it rained that seed germinated,
[00:43:26.090]when it dried out, but C died, it didn't do much good.
[00:43:29.900]That's one of the problems with airplanes on corn now and seed corn production.
[00:43:36.440]The female inbreds don't have near as much leaf material.
[00:43:39.260]Their male rows may already be destroyed.
[00:43:41.630]We get a lot more seed to the ground when they did their work there. They said,
[00:43:45.380]if the corn was dry up to about the ear leaf,
[00:43:49.100]you get enough seed and sunlight to the ground. It worked fare with beans.
[00:43:53.270]They said the same with us. When you get to yellow leaves, it works pretty good.
[00:43:58.670]So again, the timing becomes important if you're in a flight on,
[00:44:01.760]but more important. The timing of that next rain or your last irrigation
[00:44:07.910]in Nebraska, like I say,
[00:44:08.780]we got a lot of guys doing at mail road destruction and seed corn.
[00:44:12.740]Here's one here in central Nebraska.
[00:44:14.120]Just spit it on where they're destroying the male rows.
[00:44:17.600]Here's one new male rows are destroyed. This is flown out with an airplane.
[00:44:21.620]And this is after corn harvest with the cover look like. And again,
[00:44:24.890]there was an extra irrigation to finish off that corn.
[00:44:26.840]So the cover come up nicely. Some of the guys say, well,
[00:44:30.800]let's build a high boy rather than get the seeds in the world.
[00:44:33.810]Let's put the seeds down below. Here's a guy with a detasseler.
[00:44:38.820]He put an area in it back here and blows the seeds up in the road.
[00:44:41.280]When he's detasseling, he is already exceeding this cover crop.
[00:44:45.810]He stood there and looked at us, commodity corn. He says, you know,
[00:44:49.170]after the ears Pawnee, do you even need the tassels anymore?
[00:44:53.220]He runs it on his commodity corn as well. Now it's not very wide.
[00:44:57.810]It takes awhile and its covers look like that.
[00:45:01.620]He's back over in Indiana where he gets some rain to get it up and going.
[00:45:06.330]So again, careful on surface seating. Here's someone who built one.
[00:45:11.520]He's got little mini action here. It goes up and down. Get,
[00:45:14.240]see down to the ground. Matt van Tinbergen,
[00:45:17.760]120 feet wide. And you see a lot of acres in a hurry. He's in Ohio.
[00:45:21.900]He gets rained to get it to come up. Don Berkey.
[00:45:27.060]He got the award for,
[00:45:28.470]I built the best his knee action here.
[00:45:32.100]He can get that up to 10 foot.
[00:45:35.760]The boom is more than 14 foot up. I grew up in Northeast Nebraska.
[00:45:41.250]We farmed some 25% slopes.
[00:45:44.310]I'd love to see that on a 25% slope,
[00:45:48.700]when they actually look at it, he's releasing it out of the air, boom,
[00:45:51.780]above the crop canopy. He doesn't even get to see to the ground.
[00:45:56.820]He doesn't even be in an airplane other than he built the best,
[00:46:02.970]but Hagy has one commercially available. Now you have the Hagy your sprayer.
[00:46:07.170]It's only about a $60,000 option to put it on depending how wide you're going,
[00:46:11.430]but they get them out there to a hundred, 120 feet wide. So it's available.
[00:46:16.590]This one's a little dim to see, but it's a, up in South Dakota.
[00:46:21.120]I almost messed up. I say, oh, well messed up this.
[00:46:24.630]They call it the turnip truck. They're putting turnips on wheat.
[00:46:28.530]When they combine the wheat, the turnips are up and growing.
[00:46:31.440]I say I messed up because they offered that to me for $20,000,
[00:46:34.470]they were getting rid of it. At that time,
[00:46:37.470]our research arm didn't have the 20,000.
[00:46:39.030]I didn't think I was going to do cover crops because that was in the early two
[00:46:42.540]thousands. I wish I would have spent that money. Now I did bill Cedar.
[00:46:47.130]I do some companion type crop and a relay crop.
[00:46:49.560]And here is wheat and plant soybeans there. When you combine this wheat,
[00:46:54.330]soybeans are up and growing. Get two crops a year off the same acre.
[00:46:58.050]Some people are interested in that for cover crops.
[00:47:01.560]Talk to your crop insurance provider. When I did that,
[00:47:05.280]the wheat is no longer insurable cause another crops in there.
[00:47:08.010]The soybeans are not insurable because the wheat was already there. So again,
[00:47:12.270]you gotta be careful with crop insurance, gay brown. He's out there interceding.
[00:47:17.190]He's doing cow into his corn. He's a cattle man.
[00:47:20.910]The copies now added forage value. When he's grazing those corn stocks,
[00:47:25.830]organic producers, they're out there cultivating anyway,
[00:47:28.560]blow some on Hullavator plants at forum and then grow some nitrogen,
[00:47:32.890]grow some residue, or again, here's near on a rotary hoe,
[00:47:37.990]different deflectors there, but your crop row goes there.
[00:47:41.950]This guy Moses' seat on in front of his fertilizer applicator.
[00:47:46.120]When he side dressing different ways of doing it,
[00:47:51.100]here's the grain drill. He just took off every fourth opener.
[00:47:55.750]When the corn shortage can work, another guy did the same thing.
[00:48:00.160]Penn state says, you know what? We can actually develop this.
[00:48:03.310]They did a double hopper, one for cover crop seed, one for dry fertilizer,
[00:48:07.360]and then a liquid tank up there for herbicide. They can do fertilizer,
[00:48:10.780]herbicide and a cover crop all at the same time as commercially available now
[00:48:15.490]by, the inner seeder is, is called,
[00:48:20.930]the rescue service.
[00:48:25.300]I just get their name wrong.
[00:48:26.950]Nature Conservancy has one it's based on York, the NRD,
[00:48:31.400]they're their suburb, several people using this to put up cover crops.
[00:48:35.230]So if you're in that York NRD, talk to them,
[00:48:38.200]you might build borrow it or there's commercially available rigs coming out on
[00:48:42.460]the market. Now Henniker high toolbar.
[00:48:44.800]There you'd go through tolerant corn hair delivery.
[00:48:48.460]this is the Dawn dual row inner seeder on a Miller sprayer.
[00:48:51.340]Millers are work in quite a bit on this as well as you start getting these more
[00:48:55.600]rows, actually putting the seed in the soil. You get better seeds,
[00:48:58.150]so contact better growth,
[00:49:00.010]but you can't go near as wide because those booms just won't support you
[00:49:05.080]or put it on. When you combine, there's all sorts of ones showing up.
[00:49:08.260]Now you blow it behind the head. When you're doing beans,
[00:49:11.770]blow it under the head when you're doing corn,
[00:49:13.540]cause then snap and rolls and mulch it for you. And again,
[00:49:17.080]in corn under the head on beans,
[00:49:19.000]anywhere into the combine work cause the back does your mulching for you
[00:49:24.730]or maybe you're spreading fertilizer. There's some guys in Southern Iowa,
[00:49:27.910]Northern Missouri, they mix the cover crop seed with their mapping. DEP.
[00:49:31.630]When they're doing the fall applications seed the cover crop seed.
[00:49:34.570]It works for them because it rains here.
[00:49:37.930]It may not rain to bring that up. I'd rather put the seed in the ground.
[00:49:42.400]And again, a producer. I know who's got, he can put cover crop seed in there.
[00:49:45.520]He can put, ATS, 10 30, 4 O anhydrous.
[00:49:49.360]He can do his full fertilizer program while he's seen his cover crop.
[00:49:52.600]Or he does his full fertilizer program for his cash crops to justify the cost of
[00:49:57.220]the air seeder. So you had different options out there
[00:50:01.840]where commercial for crop watch. It's been mentioned already. Rapace at UNL.
[00:50:05.850]You attend field days. Look at the soil,
[00:50:09.640]look at what's happening out there with that.
[00:50:14.080]I'm 34 minutes past whenever I hit that button, whatever that is,
[00:50:23.080]question or two as the panels getting set up for.
[00:50:26.620]Painless. You want to make your way up, but we'll take questions.
[00:50:29.360]Specific questions for Paul here quick.
[00:50:40.250]Do I need a hydraulic down pressure system for my.
[00:50:44.960]The planner when it comes to the hydraulic down pressure systems for the
[00:50:49.850]planters or air pneumatic system, whatever,
[00:50:53.750]if you have a lot of variability across the field,
[00:50:57.500]they might pay for themselves pretty fast.
[00:50:59.780]If you've got good soil structure across the field,
[00:51:03.260]I see no need for them because good solid structure will support you.
[00:51:06.980]You don't need to put extra force on or remove force.
[00:51:10.400]Now the place that really selling the heck out of them is the guys who had those
[00:51:13.100]variable fields and they got this wet spot over here and they got this dry clay
[00:51:17.270]knob over here.
[00:51:18.800]You'd take off and go actually negative down pressure in that wet spot and put
[00:51:21.980]extra in that spot over here. But again,
[00:51:24.980]depends upon the field conditions we have been no till long enough,
[00:51:29.360]we never even loosened up or down versus the Springs that even pro tight,
[00:51:33.140]we run them. We run them that tight everywhere. Now Mark Watson,
[00:51:38.210]he has that plus or minus the water is his adjustment and his
[00:51:43.160]hydraulic is the pump pump the water in and out.
[00:51:47.720]Now the advantage though is they do have a sensor on there can just that
[00:51:51.140]automatically for me with Springs, I got to do that manually.
[00:51:56.750]Paul,
[00:51:57.290]what's your suggestions for farmers in the room that aren't going as deep as you
[00:52:01.460]with corn and beans and getting the uniform stands that you are,
[00:52:06.800]a lot on the line. You know, you're used to what you're doing in the past.
[00:52:10.940]I, when it comes to planning depth on corn in particular, I said,
[00:52:13.280]we go three and a half inches.
[00:52:15.140]If you've got a history of tillage and Aaron said this morning that he can still
[00:52:19.670]find the remnants of a disc pan down here, four to six inches.
[00:52:24.740]If I add that pan here and I'm in first year, no,
[00:52:27.680]till I guarantee that panel was pretty dense up here.
[00:52:33.230]If I put that seed at three and a half and I get that two inch rain tonight and
[00:52:37.370]that rain can't soak through that pan. It sits there.
[00:52:40.220]I guarantee that seed's going to die. Cause lack of oxygen,
[00:52:43.670]you can't go three and a half. Your first year.
[00:52:47.480]What I tell people is go,
[00:52:49.130]whatever your normal plan that is set at half inch deeper plant a couple of
[00:52:53.570]rounds, but flags there follow through to yield. I'll bet you it's better.
[00:52:59.930]Then the next year you go a half inch deeper again because now the entire farms,
[00:53:04.640]half inch deeper and go a half inch and you prefer another round set the flags.
[00:53:08.960]After about four or five years, moving a half inch at a time.
[00:53:12.020]You're going to be from the inch and a half down to three and a half.
[00:53:14.870]But you're also going to build social structure between freestyle wedding,
[00:53:17.900]drying, roots, worms, everything else.
[00:53:21.440]That's where we can get away with it going deeper because our social structure
[00:53:24.260]is such excess water drains away.
[00:53:26.430]I said an inch and a quarter or any of the day before it straight away,
[00:53:28.590]we can plan. So again, step at a time.
[00:53:34.350]Have you tested the STP blades from position tillage?
[00:53:37.920]STP blades says Antilles for those aren't familiar with it.
[00:53:40.680]They are basically a heavy duty disc opener, but they are notched.
[00:53:45.580]Serrated,
[00:53:46.620]not quite like a saw with clothes.
[00:53:51.210]A lot of people say it's going to do great cutting residue.
[00:53:53.760]Everyone I've ever talked to says that does do great cutting residue.
[00:53:57.840]I have talked to about half of the users of them say that those serrations
[00:54:02.640]in a wet soil pulls up too much wet, sticky soil creates problems,
[00:54:06.750]not a good Christmas seed VI. And so they're not fans of,
[00:54:10.390]I know a lot of guys who tried them, took them off.
[00:54:12.900]I got another guys who say they swear by them.
[00:54:16.890]Now there were some people say they were longer.
[00:54:20.040]Others say they wear out faster. I have no idea, which is true on that.
[00:54:24.690]The STP,
[00:54:27.060]Jeff sells them in dry hard soils.
[00:54:31.630]He probably gets by fine. He doesn't have wet, sticky,
[00:54:33.690]clays like we do in Eastern conditions. So again, it depends on your conditions.
[00:54:38.400]I myself have not tried them.
[00:54:39.960]We've not seen a reason to try them in our well-structured soils.

The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!

You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.

Comments

0 Comments

2022 Eastern Nebraska Soil Health Conference Presentations - Paul Jasa

Description

Searchable Transcript

Comments icon comment

Related Channels

Comments