05 Aquatic Pest Control - Recert 2022

Frank Bright Author

12/16/2021 Added

53 Plays

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05 Aquatic Pest control Recertification updated for the 2022 Season.

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[00:00:00.507](soft music)
[00:00:14.260]Hello, and welcome
[00:00:15.093]to the pesticide applicator recertification training
[00:00:17.720]on the aquatic pest control category,
[00:00:20.080]number 05 on your license.
[00:00:22.240]This category covers pesticide treatment
[00:00:24.410]of aquatic environments.
[00:00:25.960]Today, we will hear from experts discussing aquatic plants,
[00:00:29.580]their growth and control methods,
[00:00:31.810]as well as state industry professionals
[00:00:33.800]on chemical treatment methods.
[00:00:36.380]This training will provide a valuable review
[00:00:38.760]of practices you may have already been using,
[00:00:41.280]as well as more recent information, enjoy.
[00:00:52.090]Well, hi, my name's Kristopher Stahr.
[00:00:54.295]I'm the aquatic invasive species program manager
[00:00:57.500]for Nebraska Game and Parks,
[00:00:58.610]and today, I'm gonna be talking about
[00:01:00.540]some of the aquatic vegetation species we have
[00:01:03.480]here in the state of Nebraska.
[00:01:05.440]So yeah, we'll be talking about aquatic plants
[00:01:07.360]in the state of Nebraska.
[00:01:09.570]So my program here at Nebraska Game and Parks,
[00:01:12.580]we started doing surveys on our water bodies
[00:01:15.930]for aquatic plants in 2021,
[00:01:20.230]and it's really meant to document diversity
[00:01:23.030]and detect early invasive species infestations,
[00:01:26.160]and also the program does treat newly infested lakes,
[00:01:29.340]and comes up with and develops management plans
[00:01:34.930]for most of our lakes that have weed problems.
[00:01:37.930]So this is kind of a newer program that started in 2021.
[00:01:42.140]So why is it important to identify species correctly?
[00:01:48.800]So for one, it's critical to identify these species.
[00:01:53.170]Misidentification could result
[00:01:54.870]in the wrong riverside treatment
[00:01:56.710]and a waste of money and time and effort.
[00:01:59.300]So really here are the common species
[00:02:03.264]that the Game and Parks Commission has found
[00:02:06.356]in our water bodies.
[00:02:07.843]In 2021, we sampled 41 lakes,
[00:02:09.960]and these are kind of the most common species we found.
[00:02:12.780]So just kind of a grain of salt.
[00:02:14.510]So there are more species in this state,
[00:02:15.820]but these are just some of the common ones.
[00:02:17.920]And just a couple of other notes before we get started,
[00:02:20.020]for one thing,
[00:02:21.760]so any species came become a nuisance.
[00:02:24.813]So it's not just invasive species that are nuisance,
[00:02:27.220]so even our native species can become problems
[00:02:29.670]in some of our waterways.
[00:02:31.394]And if I say the word macrophyte,
[00:02:32.370]it's a synonym for the word aquatic plant.
[00:02:37.010]So if you hear me say macrophyte,
[00:02:38.610]it means the same thing as an aquatic plant.
[00:02:41.090]So now we're going to get started
[00:02:43.183]and see some of the species that we see around the state.
[00:02:46.100]So first we have a few native floating leaf species
[00:02:50.510]completely floating species.
[00:02:52.140]The first species I wanna talk about is watermeal.
[00:02:56.553]So watermeal meal is actually one of the world's
[00:02:58.828]smallest flowering vascular plants.
[00:02:59.990]So actually looks like little grains of sand on your,
[00:03:03.320]on your finger here, as you can see.
[00:03:05.220]So really, really individual kind of looks a lot like algae,
[00:03:07.830]but once you take a good look at it,
[00:03:09.140]you'll see that each individual tiny leaves
[00:03:11.403]and one other species that that's fairly common
[00:03:13.950]around our lakes is common duckwheed.
[00:03:15.720]So common duckweed,
[00:03:16.610]you see a lot of marshy areas as well.
[00:03:18.820]They had this really,
[00:03:21.250]this very distinct three leaf pattern,
[00:03:23.390]and also the roots flow underneath.
[00:03:25.210]So very, very tiny plant,
[00:03:26.300]as well as find a lot of our slower moving water areas
[00:03:29.757]and the final native species we have on
[00:03:32.450]that's a floating species, a star duckweed.
[00:03:34.600]So star duckweed is actually pretty unique species
[00:03:37.210]here in the state of Nebraska.
[00:03:38.730]So it's the only place that, sorry.
[00:03:41.950]So the only locations I've seen it in this state
[00:03:44.330]have been in Nebraska Sandhills and the Northwest,
[00:03:47.173]but it is also technically folding leaf species,
[00:03:49.508]but you can also see it on the bottom.
[00:03:52.180]It's not rooted, so all these species are floating leaves,
[00:03:55.120]they are not rooted in this substrate.
[00:03:57.280]So here are three species
[00:03:58.113]that are on our native species
[00:04:01.093]that we have on that flow, on top of the water.
[00:04:04.100]Next, we have a couple invasive species
[00:04:06.550]that flow on top of the water,
[00:04:08.401]both water lettuce, and water hyacinth.
[00:04:11.158]These are pretty prevalent in both.
[00:04:12.171]So in both the fish,
[00:04:14.359]so, excuse me.
[00:04:16.150]So the fish hobbyist industry
[00:04:18.030]and the landscape garden industry.
[00:04:20.020]In 2021, it was actually usually found in a lake
[00:04:23.350]for the first time in the state of Nebraska
[00:04:26.160]in Wilbur reservoir.
[00:04:27.420]So these are two species are commonly found
[00:04:29.380]that can be sold on the internet
[00:04:30.957]and we always encourage people not to dump species
[00:04:33.450]into a new lake or water body.
[00:04:35.410]So, these two species are fairly unique.
[00:04:37.900]Water lettuce gets its name because it does
[00:04:39.460]look like a head of lettuce growing in the water
[00:04:43.400]and water hyacinth has this very distinct,
[00:04:45.480]really colorful purple flowers, unfortunately.
[00:04:48.860]And that's why people like to move it around
[00:04:50.460]because it's a very fragrant and it looks nice,
[00:04:52.510]but these are two invasive species
[00:04:54.740]down the Southern United States.
[00:04:55.870]These are really, really huge problem right now,
[00:04:57.610]and they spend millions of dollars,
[00:04:59.692]some of the Southern states trying to control these species.
[00:05:02.050]So always be in the lookout for some of
[00:05:03.470]these floating leaf species.
[00:05:06.810]Next we're moving on to some of the summer species,
[00:05:10.104]these are species that are rooted in the substrate,
[00:05:13.221]but don't grow out of a water
[00:05:14.747]or have floating leaves specifically.
[00:05:18.990]And so the first species is Sago Pondweed.
[00:05:21.270]So Sago Pondweed is actually
[00:05:22.630]one of the most common species we see around the state
[00:05:25.460]in our lakes.
[00:05:26.293]So Sago Pondweed has this very distinctive
[00:05:28.220]branching pattern, as you can see here,
[00:05:30.260]where each stem will branch off into another,
[00:05:33.160]going down a line.
[00:05:34.680]And also these leaves are very, very needle-like leaves.
[00:05:36.920]They don't have a mid vein
[00:05:37.970]so they're very, very needle-like leaves.
[00:05:40.270]And these long branching stems,
[00:05:42.554]they can grow in very, very deep water as well,
[00:05:44.360]up to 10 to 20 feet.
[00:05:45.970]But it's one of our most common species we see ,
[00:05:48.060]is a native species,
[00:05:49.940]but definitely has potential to overgrow
[00:05:52.270]some smaller lakes and ponds and things like that.
[00:05:55.930]So next we have coontail,
[00:05:57.623]A tail is the other most common species
[00:05:59.700]we have in our water bodies.
[00:06:01.020]So it gets us name from raccoon tail
[00:06:03.150]cause it almost looks like a raccoon's tail, very bushy.
[00:06:06.050]However, it's not always very, very bushy.
[00:06:08.720]It can have very, very different growth forms
[00:06:12.280]throughout the state.
[00:06:13.113]Very, very bushy or it could almost be very, very sparse,
[00:06:16.700]but the big thing about croon tail,
[00:06:18.610]where most people get this confused with other species
[00:06:21.380]is the leaves.
[00:06:22.213]So the thing that you want to know about is with coontail,
[00:06:25.200]these fork leaves as you can see here.
[00:06:28.126]So fork leaves are dead a giveaway, this is coontail,
[00:06:30.270]and not some of our other species that look similar,
[00:06:32.706]which we'll discuss here on the next slide.
[00:06:36.100]So very, very common plant
[00:06:37.480]it's found on a lot of our lakes around the state.
[00:06:41.010]Next we have muskgrass or chara.
[00:06:43.077]So muskgrass or chara is actually not a vascular plant.
[00:06:46.890]It's actually a macro algae,
[00:06:48.730]but that grows very similar like a plant
[00:06:50.690]in the sub street.
[00:06:51.870]It gets us named muskgrass
[00:06:53.761]because it has a very distinct musky odor when it's sampled.
[00:06:57.240]So if you see something like that smells,
[00:06:59.180]it's a dead giveaway its muskgrass or chara,
[00:07:01.660]it looks very similar to coontail.
[00:07:03.670]But again, if you notice these leaves are not fork,
[00:07:06.500]there's a sprinkler leave off the stem.
[00:07:09.110]And also coontail seems to be kind of
[00:07:11.363]crunchy when you take it out of the water.
[00:07:13.760]So that smell and the lack of a fork leaves
[00:07:16.510]are a dead giveaway.
[00:07:17.900]This is muskgrass,
[00:07:20.818]and it's actually not a vascular plant,
[00:07:22.690]but it's actually a macro algae.
[00:07:24.893]It's very, very cool plant.
[00:07:26.414]It's found a lot in some of our on lakes
[00:07:29.320]that have really good water clarity.
[00:07:34.930]Next we have another one of our native species,
[00:07:36.860]which is Northern watermilfoil.
[00:07:38.780]So Northern watermilfoil and it's invasive cousin
[00:07:42.420]eurasian watermilfoil, look very, very similar.
[00:07:45.190]They have four leaves that are whirled around the stem
[00:07:48.100]and with Northern watermilfoil,
[00:07:50.560]one of the characteristics is it technically has
[00:07:52.830]between three to 10 leaflets per side of the leaf.
[00:07:58.970]So if you count all these leaflets,
[00:08:00.270]it's usually less than 10.
[00:08:02.460]So that's one giveaway that is Northern watermilfoil
[00:08:04.890]against some other species.
[00:08:06.620]One other thing with Northern watermilfoil
[00:08:08.450]is it tends to remain somewhat rigid
[00:08:10.090]when taken out of the water.
[00:08:11.120]When you compare it to some of the invasive species we have,
[00:08:14.904]but it looks very, very similar to the
[00:08:16.210]invasive Eurasian watermilfoil.
[00:08:18.800]So eurasian watermilfoil is found throughout the state
[00:08:22.880]and with eurasian watermilfoil, it looks very, very similar.
[00:08:25.894]It's the same four leaflets all around the stem,
[00:08:30.010]but usually these leaflets have 10 or more
[00:08:32.780]leaflets per side, compared to Northern watermilfoil
[00:08:37.277]and they grow very, very different.
[00:08:38.950]So eurasian really tends to, unlike this picture shows
[00:08:42.320]really overtake a lake or water body.
[00:08:44.450]So it's really important that the difference between
[00:08:46.878]our native Northern watermilfoil and eurasian,
[00:08:52.180]excuse me, ans invasive Eurasian watermilfoil,
[00:08:55.760]but they do look very similar, like I mentioned.
[00:08:59.100]So you see here on the picture on the left,
[00:08:59.933]we see two stems of Eurasian watermilfoil hybrid
[00:09:02.610]and on the right, we have our native Northern watermilfoil
[00:09:06.667]and you can also see these look very, very similar.
[00:09:08.040]Like I said, usually less than 10 leaflets per side
[00:09:10.970]for Eurasian, but we also have up to 21 leaflets
[00:09:15.390]per side for Eurasian,
[00:09:17.320]but for native, excuse me,
[00:09:18.840]for native Northern watremilfoil
[00:09:20.290]usually less than 10 leaflets per side.
[00:09:23.186]But one problem that we've been finding here,
[00:09:24.150]and this shows the picture,
[00:09:26.489]All the (chuckles) way onto this side is,
[00:09:29.013]is the hybrid Eurasian watermilfoil.
[00:09:31.920]So it's been found in several other states,
[00:09:34.090]including in Minnesota, in Montana.
[00:09:36.880]And it's been presumably found
[00:09:39.510]here in the state of Nebraska in 2021.
[00:09:42.430]So the reason this is kind of a new,
[00:09:45.690]so when you issue from Nebraska,
[00:09:46.940]is it shares characteristics of both species.
[00:09:49.530]So if you remember I said that Northern watermilfoil
[00:09:53.025]our Northern watermilfoil has less than 10 leaflets,
[00:09:55.640]can be rigid, our Eurasian wartermilfoil
[00:09:57.410]is usually more than 11 leaflets and is,
[00:09:59.810]can be a very, very limp when taken out of the water,
[00:10:04.720]these will have an intermediate number of leaflets
[00:10:07.100]and can be rigid or flacid like Eurasian watermilfoil.
[00:10:11.260]The other issue is it will actually out-compete
[00:10:13.390]the pure Eurasian species resulting in sort of this
[00:10:16.460]hybrid Watermilfoil grown in, live on our lakes.
[00:10:19.320]So this year,
[00:10:21.950]but the only problem is
[00:10:23.160]it can only be a hundred percent determined
[00:10:24.960]by genetic analysis.
[00:10:26.650]So right now we've taken samples of all of our lakes
[00:10:28.940]in the state of Nebraska
[00:10:29.880]that have Eurasian watermilfoil
[00:10:31.120]that are presumably hybrid,
[00:10:32.700]they are currently pending,
[00:10:34.480]but kind of the other problem,
[00:10:36.107]and the fact that this can out-compete it,
[00:10:39.642]even our Eurasian watermilfoil
[00:10:40.730]is the fact that some hybrid genotypes of the species
[00:10:44.120]have found it to be resistant to fluridone or sonar,
[00:10:47.970]fluridone or sonar is the recommended treatment
[00:10:50.890]for Eurasian watermilfoil.
[00:10:52.660]So the problem is,
[00:10:54.060]so if this can be resistant to fluridone
[00:10:56.533]applicators may be wasting money and time
[00:10:59.690]by using sonar to treat Eurasian watermilfoil
[00:11:02.540]when it could in fact, be resistant.
[00:11:04.950]So game and parks,
[00:11:07.103]is currently doing research on this problem.
[00:11:10.180]And like I said, we are sending samples when
[00:11:13.196]and they be analyzed and we'll hopefully be,
[00:11:15.225]be able to determine the future,
[00:11:16.600]which of our lakes are our resistance to sonar,
[00:11:18.987]and which are not.
[00:11:20.320]If it is resistant to sonar,
[00:11:21.700]there's a new chemical here in 2021
[00:11:23.780]on the market called ProcellaCOR.
[00:11:25.690]So ProcellaCOR is actually on the label
[00:11:28.360]recommended for hybrid watermilfoil.
[00:11:30.780]And currently it's the only one here in 2021
[00:11:33.844]that is on the label for hybrid watermilfoil.
[00:11:37.123]But however, it can be more expensive to treat.
[00:11:40.750]So this again is very, very important that,
[00:11:43.177]you know what kind of Eurasian watremilfoil you have.
[00:11:46.420]If you find Eurasian watermilfoil,
[00:11:48.670]please be sure to contact Nebraska game and parks.
[00:11:52.090]And showing our current distribution in the state
[00:11:54.940]for Eurasian watermilfoil,
[00:11:56.747]You can see, we have a big pocket down here
[00:11:59.032]in Southeastern Nebraska,
[00:11:59.865]but it's also been all we've found up to Alliance.
[00:12:02.120]So we currently have 16 lakes in the state of Nebraska
[00:12:05.130]that have Eurasian watermilfoil.
[00:12:07.030]And some of these are hybrid likely, and some may not be,
[00:12:09.282]but currently all these lakes have been
[00:12:12.770]sampled for genetic analysis,
[00:12:14.280]and we'll probably be noting that in the future,
[00:12:16.970]but if you encounter Eurasian watermilfoil
[00:12:18.870]at any of these waters, not listed,
[00:12:20.600]please contact Nebraska game and parks.
[00:12:22.812]Then at the email and phone number
[00:12:25.340]at the bottom of this slide.
[00:12:29.800]Okay, so now to a couple of other native submerse species,
[00:12:33.720]one other common plant we have is called Southern Naiad.
[00:12:36.350]So Southern Naiad is one of the Naiad species.
[00:12:38.250]We have three species that are currently
[00:12:39.680]found in the state, one invasive,
[00:12:41.260]and Southern Naiad can look very similar
[00:12:43.680]to one of our native naiad species as well,
[00:12:47.100]but some of the characteristics of Southern naiad
[00:12:51.750]is the lack of teeth, or ridges on the leaves.
[00:12:55.990]So they all grew around the stem.
[00:12:57.360]They have a mid vein, but there's no teeth or ridges.
[00:13:00.200]Southern naiad has been found throughout the state
[00:13:03.320]and can become a nuisance plants as well.
[00:13:06.290]In the Western part of the state.
[00:13:07.510]We have another native Naiad species called Spiny Naiad.
[00:13:11.220]So you see compared to Southern naiad,
[00:13:13.370]we have several large ridges or spiny structures
[00:13:16.810]here on the leaf structure of spiny naiad.
[00:13:19.950]So it's found in a lot of, in our Western states,
[00:13:21.770]they can be kind of sharp too. (chuckles)
[00:13:24.183]They're not really fun to encounter
[00:13:25.850]when you're swimming and things like that.
[00:13:27.980]But they are found mainly on our Western lakes
[00:13:30.447]and some of our sand pits along interstate 80.
[00:13:32.240]So again, with spiny naiad,
[00:13:34.480]note the very, very large spines or ridges on the leaves.
[00:13:40.010]So again, and this is a native species we have here,
[00:13:43.810]and finally we have invasive Brittle Naiad.
[00:13:46.560]So Brittle Naiad was detected in Nebraska for the first time
[00:13:49.410]in 2021 at Kramper lake.
[00:13:51.810]So compared to Spiny Naiad and Southern Naiad,
[00:13:55.130]you can kind of see here that the ridges or spines
[00:13:57.980]on the leaves are kind of intermediate.
[00:14:00.410]So they're not very, very large.
[00:14:01.860]So one thing that I always looked for on
[00:14:04.850]with a Brittle Naiad is you can see how likes
[00:14:07.410]the bushes out all from the stem over and over again,
[00:14:09.690]especially here,
[00:14:10.523]down here in the water, it looks a little bit
[00:14:13.240]like, Sago Pineweed but all of these are individual plants.
[00:14:16.320]So this is a brand new invasive plant
[00:14:18.840]that we found here in the states.
[00:14:20.401]But we found in some of our other states right now,
[00:14:23.040]but again, but this is one species
[00:14:25.996]to be on the lookout for on the states.
[00:14:28.000]So far only confirmed in Kramper lake.
[00:14:33.040]So next we have another invasive plant.
[00:14:34.760]That's probably one of the most widespread,
[00:14:36.710]if not the most widespread plant we have in this state,
[00:14:39.560]Curly-leaf Pondweed.
[00:14:40.920]So Curly-leaf Pondweed is an invasive plant.
[00:14:43.760]It's found in many of our Southeast lakes
[00:14:45.277]and a lot of our lakes all the way around the states.
[00:14:47.420]Very, very prolific.
[00:14:49.370]It's actually one of the first plants to start growing.
[00:14:51.940]So often actually starts to grow underneath the ice.
[00:14:54.860]So you'll see this a lot.
[00:14:56.380]It has very low,
[00:14:57.213]I'm going to have to call lasagna like leaves.
[00:15:00.510]So these wavy leaves kind of reddish, brownish color at all.
[00:15:05.247]And again see here,
[00:15:08.170]especially towards the end of the season,
[00:15:10.072]you'll have these things called Toryons.
[00:15:11.040]So these are really hard.
[00:15:12.210]almost like pine cone light structure
[00:15:13.970]on the top of the plant, and this helps spread propagules.
[00:15:18.080]I mean, the seed bank of the settlement.
[00:15:19.350]So Curly-leaf Pondweed,
[00:15:20.720]it's one of our most widespread invasive species
[00:15:23.730]in this state.
[00:15:24.563]It's in a lot of our lakes and ponds as well.
[00:15:28.315]And it's often really hard to control
[00:15:30.210]just due to its widespread distribution.
[00:15:34.870]So next we gonna move on to some floating lead plant.
[00:15:38.287]So these are plants that are rooted in the strips,
[00:15:40.150]excuse me, in the substrate, but have floating leaves.
[00:15:44.430]So first we have Longleaf Pondweed.
[00:15:46.810]Longleaf Pondweed from the surveys we had in 2021
[00:15:49.550]is actually fairly widespread around the state.
[00:15:52.040]You see how these really characteristics,
[00:15:54.540]these really characteristic oval shaped leaves,
[00:15:57.010]and they have these flower spikes
[00:15:58.640]that come outside of the water.
[00:15:59.920]So again, no submerse leaves on Longleaf Pongweed,
[00:16:03.348]but only folding leaves kind of as an oval faction,
[00:16:07.680]usually found really close to shore.
[00:16:09.670]So yes, a really neat native species we have
[00:16:13.640]in a lot of our lakes around the state.
[00:16:17.034]So next we have White water Lily.
[00:16:18.440]So whitewater Lily.
[00:16:20.280]So we have one native White water Lily,
[00:16:22.460]although there are several, several ornamental varieties
[00:16:25.700]that I've introduced,
[00:16:27.750]all across the Midwest from water gardeners
[00:16:31.305]and hobbyist as well.
[00:16:33.730]So White water Lily has the white flower,
[00:16:39.120]but the way to tell Water Lilies
[00:16:41.040]from some of our other similar species
[00:16:44.100]is the shape of the leaves.
[00:16:45.210]So the shape of the leaf on all the way on the end here,
[00:16:48.890]is totally circular with a notch cut in.
[00:16:51.130]So it's a totally circular leaf
[00:16:52.770]that only floats on the top with a notch in it.
[00:16:54.567]And it will be very, very important compared
[00:16:56.670]to some of our other similar species.
[00:17:00.820]Like yellow water lily.
[00:17:02.070]So yellow water Lily is also found on the state.
[00:17:04.550]I've seen it mainly in Nebraska Sandhills,
[00:17:06.470]but it's certainly around the state.
[00:17:07.870]And you can see here compared to,
[00:17:09.250]and the first difference with this plant
[00:17:11.870]is obviously the yellow flower.
[00:17:14.720]And we also have,
[00:17:15.553]see the leaf structure is more like a heart
[00:17:18.575]with a notch cut into it.
[00:17:21.210]So it's not completely circular like water lily.
[00:17:23.450]And also a lot of the time yellow water lily
[00:17:26.185]will actually have plants growing out of the water.
[00:17:30.914]So again, not like water lilies per se,
[00:17:32.330]like white water lilies where they stay completely
[00:17:34.684]on the surface,
[00:17:35.517]but they actually grew out of the water
[00:17:36.799]and have a very different leaf shape.
[00:17:39.780]And another plant we have is,
[00:17:41.254]similar plant, we have as American Lotus,
[00:17:43.420]So American Lotus can often be a problem,
[00:17:46.250]in some of our lakes that grows very, very dense,
[00:17:48.830]and this one's very, very different
[00:17:50.870]than both yellow water lily, and white water lily
[00:17:53.400]So first we do have sort of these yellow,
[00:17:55.317]white flowers, but it grows usually outside of the water.
[00:17:59.910]You see how it's not perfectly around,
[00:18:03.015]but it does grow completely out of the water.
[00:18:04.200]So it kind of has this wavy structure here.
[00:18:06.230]So it's finding Carter lake,
[00:18:08.166]it's found in some of our other lakes as well.
[00:18:09.627]And this can be a nuisance in some of our water bodies
[00:18:12.220]as well, but excuse me,
[00:18:14.930]but with American Lotus just to know that
[00:18:17.299]it's sort of the circular leaf,
[00:18:18.370]that's not completely round that grows out of the water.
[00:18:21.030]It's likely American Lotus
[00:18:22.270]and not yellow water lily or white water lily.
[00:18:26.820]Next, we have Water Smartweed.
[00:18:28.280]So water smartweed is found next to
[00:18:30.530]a lot of our larger reservoirs for,
[00:18:32.730]and can look very, very different
[00:18:34.000]depending on where it grows.
[00:18:35.290]So when grow in the water,
[00:18:37.320]but it can also grow outside of the water,
[00:18:38.950]has these very distinctive pink flower spikes here.
[00:18:41.990]It's very, very popular for waterfowl.
[00:18:44.100]So often you see it start growing earlier,
[00:18:45.750]you're in the water and then after the water recedes,
[00:18:47.930]it still grows.
[00:18:48.763]So it's not always found just in the water,
[00:18:51.470]but can also be found on shore as well,
[00:18:55.810]but a very, very popular plant for waterfowl.
[00:18:58.940]It looks very, very similar to that longleaf pondweed.
[00:19:02.100]If you notice in the other picture I had,
[00:19:04.690]but not the completely,
[00:19:08.164]cylindrical flower spikes.
[00:19:10.832]These are, you can see here more widen
[00:19:12.320]and have pink on them.
[00:19:15.160]Next, we have another invasive plant called
[00:19:17.270]Creeping Water-primrose.
[00:19:19.590]It's kind of a newer invasive in this state.
[00:19:22.069]We've seen it in a number of lakes around the state,
[00:19:24.057]including at Louisville, and it has these.
[00:19:25.240]So the first thing about these plants is,
[00:19:27.137]has these yellow, small yellow flowers,
[00:19:29.740]but we also see it growing really close to shore,
[00:19:31.960]kind of creeping around the shoreline.
[00:19:33.750]This is where it gets its name.
[00:19:35.010]So you see kind of oval shaped leaves
[00:19:38.746]usually grows outside the shoreline
[00:19:40.530]sort of on binds on top of the water.
[00:19:42.280]So this is another invasive plant
[00:19:44.390]can be hard to get rid of,
[00:19:46.270]but with some effective treatments out there for this.
[00:19:48.950]So again, so this is kind of a newer
[00:19:51.330]invasive around the state that we're just starting to see
[00:19:53.710]being somewhat widely distributed.
[00:19:56.885]And lastly, we have two more invasive species.
[00:19:58.680]We have Flowering rush here on the,
[00:20:01.641]here on the right and Purple loosestrife
[00:20:04.430]which is actually a nauseous weed
[00:20:06.860]here in the state of Nebraska
[00:20:08.690]for Purple Loosestrife.
[00:20:10.290]So both of these are commonly found
[00:20:11.900]on the shorelines of plants,
[00:20:13.550]not technically growing in the water,
[00:20:14.830]but I want to make you aware of these two invasive species
[00:20:17.680]that we are seeing.
[00:20:20.020]A few new spots around the state being spread.
[00:20:24.980]So Purple Loosestrife and Flowering Rush,
[00:20:27.300]both invasive species.
[00:20:30.860]So that's what I have for our most common species
[00:20:33.100]we have around the state.
[00:20:34.875]But I want to share a few resources you have,
[00:20:35.900]if you want to look up some of your plants.
[00:20:38.050]So the first one is an online resource
[00:20:39.820]called Aqua plant at Tamu,
[00:20:42.586]and you can actually see the website here
[00:20:44.667]has a really good identification tool
[00:20:48.190]where it's a click.
[00:20:49.023]So if it's a summer's plant, you click,
[00:20:50.670]but it also has really good recommendations
[00:20:52.300]for herbicide will show you
[00:20:54.190]which herbicides are rated best for which species.
[00:20:56.500]So this is a really, really great resource.
[00:20:59.390]I highly recommend it.
[00:21:00.240]And then there are two guides here
[00:21:01.670]that I recommend,
[00:21:03.673]Through the Looking Glass,
[00:21:04.506]it's not currently in print, but it was before.
[00:21:06.250]It's a really good, basic, really good,
[00:21:08.863]easy to understand guide.
[00:21:10.210]This is what I recommend to a lot of the first time people
[00:21:12.230]that are trying to identify aquatic plants.
[00:21:14.030]And then one of the newer guys, which is
[00:21:15.480]Wetland and Aquatic Plants of the Northern Great Plains.
[00:21:18.330]This one obviously is more of a key,
[00:21:20.430]more in depth, but also a good resource.
[00:21:23.710]So these are just a few guides that you have.
[00:21:27.439]If you want to be sure what plant you have
[00:21:31.310]that you're trying to treat.
[00:21:34.110]So just to wrap things up here,
[00:21:35.810]so sampling aquatic plants.
[00:21:37.919]So now you kind of know what plants we have,
[00:21:39.560]but how do you sample them?
[00:21:40.730]So this is what game and parks uses.
[00:21:42.649]It's a double-sided sampling rake,
[00:21:45.610]it's two a garden rakes wall together with an eyeball.
[00:21:48.710]And this really allows us to sample
[00:21:52.700]from a boat or from shore.
[00:21:56.365]So there are a number of,
[00:21:57.198]weed rakes commercially available, I should mention
[00:21:59.970]but this one's fairly low cost and easy to construct.
[00:22:03.870]So the big thing is to make sure
[00:22:05.860]that your rake can touch the bottom.
[00:22:09.010]So I mean that in 20 feet of water,
[00:22:11.560]your sampling tool can touch the bottom
[00:22:13.510]and I'll explain why in the next slide.
[00:22:15.510]But the biggest thing is planted virtually
[00:22:17.370]will change depending on depth.
[00:22:18.940]And if you're trying to treat a lake,
[00:22:21.340]based on percent cover,
[00:22:23.270]I mean, you want to make sure that you're knowing
[00:22:24.730]that there's plants growing in 10, 20 feet of water,
[00:22:28.640]but whatever you use, you want to be confident
[00:22:31.782]that if a plant is there, that you sampled it.
[00:22:33.410]So that's the biggest thing is,
[00:22:35.897]if you sample your plant,
[00:22:37.720]whatever tool you use,
[00:22:38.643]that you're confident that
[00:22:40.290]if a plant was there, you sampled it,
[00:22:42.318]but really when you ask yourself,
[00:22:44.510]is what is your objective for sampling plants?
[00:22:48.860]So here are kind of two surveys,
[00:22:50.300]a quality argument parks samples for aquatic plants,
[00:22:54.030]more investigative survey, and a treatment survey.
[00:22:56.750]So an investigative survey is what we're trying
[00:22:59.360]to document new infestations,
[00:23:01.110]and just to figure out what is growing in a lake.
[00:23:03.240]So this one will go
[00:23:05.400]to perimeter sites just along the shoreline,
[00:23:09.640]trying to capture as many points as we can
[00:23:12.240]to be confident that we sample
[00:23:14.100]all the plant species in that lake.
[00:23:16.613]So that's what basically the survey does.
[00:23:19.690]These are often the two that we use as a first step,
[00:23:22.970]for, excuse me,
[00:23:24.980]for detection of early infestations of invasive species.
[00:23:29.730]And then once we find something we wanna treat,
[00:23:31.970]then we do a treatment survey.
[00:23:33.500]So now we're going to do transects around the lake
[00:23:35.880]and actually sample in the middle of the lake.
[00:23:37.370]So this is why I say,
[00:23:38.971]you want to make sure your rake can touch the bottom.
[00:23:41.190]And this is critical because you want to make sure
[00:23:42.230]if you're doing a treatment
[00:23:43.490]that you can correctly identify
[00:23:47.006]on how much of your lake is covered by the weed
[00:23:50.680]that you wanna treat.
[00:23:51.930]So for instance, if we wanna see what our target plan is.
[00:23:55.520]You can see here on the left with investigative survey.
[00:23:58.040]All right, so actually,
[00:23:59.924]a majority of our sites here,
[00:24:01.822]if you see here, didn't have this target species.
[00:24:03.740]So you might think of might not be so bad,
[00:24:05.370]but then we go to our treatment survey
[00:24:07.665]and you'll see actually here,
[00:24:08.660]more than half the lake is covered with this target plant.
[00:24:11.550]So again, it's very, very important
[00:24:13.010]that you use the right kind of survey method
[00:24:14.990]for what your objective is.
[00:24:16.190]If you just want to know on
[00:24:17.670]what's growing in a lake,
[00:24:18.960]you can certainly go on the perimeter shoreline and sample.
[00:24:22.640]But if you really want to treat,
[00:24:24.760]and know what percent coverage you have
[00:24:27.060]for your acre feet treatment.
[00:24:28.290]So definitely want to do
[00:24:29.893]a treatment survey using transects
[00:24:33.310]all the way around the shore.
[00:24:34.890]So yes, so thank you for your time.
[00:24:37.690]So if you have any
[00:24:39.440]questions regarding AIS,
[00:24:42.140]if you wanna report new infestations
[00:24:43.630]or for help with the quality plant ID,
[00:24:45.860]please contact Nebraska and parks of the AIS program
[00:24:50.440]at 402-471-7602
[00:24:53.350]and at ngpc.ais@nebraska.gov thanks.
[00:24:58.428](soft music playing)
[00:25:06.160]Hi, my name's Katie Pekarek,
[00:25:07.940]and I'm an extension educator
[00:25:09.340]with the university of Nebraska.
[00:25:11.190]Today we're out at Holmes lake,
[00:25:12.747]and we're gonna talk a little bit about
[00:25:14.630]aquatic vegetation, biology, and identification.
[00:25:17.960]So we really talk about three types of algae.
[00:25:20.570]One is filamentous algae.
[00:25:21.990]So that's the ones that you think about
[00:25:23.400]having the big, long strings.
[00:25:25.130]The other one would be planktonic algae.
[00:25:27.530]So you might think about something like a piece soup algae.
[00:25:30.140]So when you get in the water
[00:25:32.503]and you can't see through the greenness,
[00:25:34.010]and then the third one is actually not a true algae,
[00:25:36.970]it's more of a primitive bacteria,
[00:25:39.880]but it has the powers of photosynthesizing like algae.
[00:25:43.460]And that's what we call blue-green algae
[00:25:45.590]or toxic blue-green algae.
[00:25:47.700]So the big difference between the aquatic vegetation
[00:25:50.320]and the algae is going to be that
[00:25:53.140]the algae is not going to need that soil requirement.
[00:25:56.010]It's getting its nutrients
[00:25:57.500]and its food source from the floating
[00:25:59.660]and the available phosphorus and nitrogen
[00:26:01.590]that's within the water column.
[00:26:03.700]In Nebraska, the main time that you're going to see
[00:26:05.890]an algae bloom is in the spring runoff season.
[00:26:08.610]So when rainfall events are the greatest
[00:26:11.440]and they're actually carrying the water
[00:26:12.947]and the nutrients off of the soil surface
[00:26:15.110]into the ponds and the lakes,
[00:26:16.640]giving the algae a greater food source to grow
[00:26:19.950]is when you're going to see the algae blooms
[00:26:22.280]most often occurring in Nebraska.
[00:26:25.180]So aquatic weeds are like any other vegetation you might see
[00:26:28.280]on the banks are not in a pond situation.
[00:26:30.870]They require certain things for them to grow successfully.
[00:26:34.640]The first of which is going to be
[00:26:36.490]the proper soil temperature conditions.
[00:26:39.010]So you have to have the right soil temperature
[00:26:40.950]that lets the seeds from these aquatic weeds start growing.
[00:26:44.240]You also have to have the proper light conditions.
[00:26:47.000]So you have to have sunlight during the day,
[00:26:49.080]and you have to have enough of a day length
[00:26:50.610]for these to begin growing.
[00:26:52.650]And then you also have to have some
[00:26:54.220]of the proper water conditions.
[00:26:55.650]So in the case of aquatic vegetation,
[00:26:58.110]that water has brought in the nutrients
[00:27:00.130]or the food source for the plants.
[00:27:02.600]And so when it has those three things combined,
[00:27:04.810]it has a water source and a food source.
[00:27:06.830]It has lights, so it can complete photosynthesis
[00:27:09.650]and it has the proper growing temperatures.
[00:27:11.780]Then the aquatic weeds can grow
[00:27:13.830]and sometimes they go to a exciting amount
[00:27:17.140]and sometimes they grow in excess.
[00:27:19.390]So when managing for aquatic vegetation,
[00:27:21.950]they really don't begin growing in Nebraska until June.
[00:27:25.100]And sometimes they really don't need to be managed
[00:27:27.080]for until mid June or July.
[00:27:29.080]That's because these are when the soil temperatures
[00:27:32.160]and the light conditions and the water conditions
[00:27:34.490]have become ideal for their growth.
[00:27:36.830]Now, these plants will continue to grow on
[00:27:38.670]through the summer.
[00:27:39.503]They'll have a little bit of a lull during the summer
[00:27:41.690]and can grow excessively again,
[00:27:44.230]going straight into the fall.
[00:27:46.170]The best benefit we have in Nebraska is that in the winter,
[00:27:49.850]the aquatic weeds will die back,
[00:27:52.050]can be cut back and they'll actually overwinter
[00:27:56.020]and then begin their whole growth cycle again,
[00:27:58.130]come again in the spring.
[00:28:00.550](soft music playing)
[00:28:08.090]The first thing we're going to talk about today
[00:28:10.340]is rooted aquatic vegetation.
[00:28:12.980]So the first thing you can do to prevent an excess
[00:28:15.880]of aquatic vegetation is prevention.
[00:28:18.710]So the number one thing you can do is
[00:28:20.420]prevent nutrients from entering your water body source.
[00:28:24.270]So in in this case,
[00:28:25.270]not fertilizing around the immediate are of a water body,
[00:28:28.649]will prevent fertilizers and the nutrients such as
[00:28:32.214]nitrogen and phospherus from running off with stor water
[00:28:35.740]into the water body.
[00:28:37.340]By preventing those nutrients from entering the water body
[00:28:40.580]you can prevent some of the aquatic vegetation
[00:28:43.750]and excessive weed growth in your lake.
[00:28:47.200]Another thing you can do to prevent
[00:28:49.240]some of the aquatic vegetation growth
[00:28:51.410]is to reduce the amount of animals
[00:28:53.490]that are in contact with your water body.
[00:28:55.600]So by preventing an excess number of waterfowl,
[00:28:58.410]such as geese or ducks
[00:28:59.970]by preventing livestock from entering
[00:29:03.160]or being nearby and crossing water bodies,
[00:29:06.370]and by preventing animals such as pets and wildlife,
[00:29:09.930]as much as possible from entering and,
[00:29:12.760]and excluding their waste in the water,
[00:29:15.830]you can prevent the growth of some of this vegetation.
[00:29:19.770]So another thing you can do
[00:29:21.050]to prevent excessive aquatic weed growth
[00:29:24.270]is to make some habitat alterations.
[00:29:27.040]So one of the things you can do
[00:29:28.410]is put riprap along the sides of the banks.
[00:29:31.120]This will reduce or prevent erosion.
[00:29:33.400]You can also do things like
[00:29:34.970]put down erosion control matting,
[00:29:36.940]or other vegetation that will actually hold
[00:29:39.310]the soil in place.
[00:29:40.740]By that soil from entering the lake,
[00:29:43.400]you will prevent some of the nutrients
[00:29:45.070]that bind to our soil.
[00:29:46.320]Especially in Nebraska, we have phosphorus
[00:29:48.420]that binds very tightly to our clays.
[00:29:51.120]So by preventing that clay soil
[00:29:52.820]from entering a lake or a pond,
[00:29:54.920]you can prevent a lot of the nutrient source
[00:29:57.230]that the aquatic weeds need to grow.
[00:29:59.330]Some other physical habitat alterations
[00:30:01.440]that can be done to manage aquatic weed growth,
[00:30:04.700]include lowering your pond so that in the winter
[00:30:07.510]you can actually kill off some of that vegetation.
[00:30:10.440]You can also deepen and dredge the pond
[00:30:13.310]by taking upon to a three to one side slope,
[00:30:15.920]you can reduce the amount of soil that's eroding,
[00:30:18.120]and by creating the proper depths
[00:30:20.210]and a varied amount of depths throughout the pond,
[00:30:23.370]you can also reduce the amount of places
[00:30:26.080]that weeds can actually grow in the pond.
[00:30:29.480]Another thing that can be done
[00:30:30.860]to prevent aquatic weed growth
[00:30:33.350]is to use shading within the pond.
[00:30:36.060]So by using things like aquatic dyes,
[00:30:38.650]you can actually limit the amount of sun
[00:30:40.660]that is entering the pond.
[00:30:41.950]And by limiting the amount of sun,
[00:30:44.010]you limit the amount of photosynthesis
[00:30:46.410]that can actually occur by the plants,
[00:30:48.230]thereby limiting the growth of aquatic weeds.
[00:30:51.640]Aeration systems have also been found
[00:30:53.510]to reduce the amount of algal blooms
[00:30:55.000]and aquatic weed vegetation within a pond.
[00:30:58.300]Assuming they've been installed properly,
[00:31:00.650]and aren't turning up more nutrients,
[00:31:02.710]such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
[00:31:04.620]These systems have been shown
[00:31:06.040]to reduce the amount of algal blooms.
[00:31:08.690]So next, we're going to talk about
[00:31:10.100]manual or mechanical control.
[00:31:12.370]One of the best options for managing weeds,
[00:31:14.570]especially in a smaller area,
[00:31:16.940]is to use a mechanical control.
[00:31:19.070]You can actually go in and do some hand polling.
[00:31:21.600]If you combine lowering the water level
[00:31:24.170]and mechanical controls such as raking,
[00:31:27.290]hand polling and weeding all at the same time,
[00:31:30.070]you can actually reduce the amount of vegetation
[00:31:32.330]that grows back once you've done the mechanical polling.
[00:31:36.120]So another option to control aquatic vegetation
[00:31:39.050]is to use biological controls.
[00:31:41.230]So things like putting in beneficial feeder fish,
[00:31:44.051]you can use something like a grass carp to put in the lake.
[00:31:47.990]And the idea here is that you're going to control
[00:31:50.430]the amount of vegetation growing
[00:31:52.570]and other unwanted species.
[00:31:54.510]Unfortunately, grass carp is not something that we recommend
[00:31:57.890]with a regular basis due to the potential
[00:32:01.200]for the grass carp to get out of control.
[00:32:03.830]Another biological option
[00:32:05.380]is to use something like a bio bag.
[00:32:07.150]The idea is that you'll use beneficial bacterias
[00:32:09.950]that you have in a bag
[00:32:11.760]that sets in the pond for about a month.
[00:32:14.020]And at that point, those beneficial bacterias
[00:32:16.020]will actually control the algae.
[00:32:17.880]The research on these different varieties of bio bags
[00:32:21.070]is not necessarily conclusive.
[00:32:22.770]So it's something that is worth a look at,
[00:32:25.690]but it needs to be tailored
[00:32:27.010]to a specific pond or lake situation.
[00:32:30.190]Next, we're going to talk about chemical control
[00:32:32.680]of algae and aquatic vegetation within a pond.
[00:32:36.420]So one of the most common chemicals used to treat pond algae
[00:32:41.250]and aquatic vegetation
[00:32:42.840]is a copper plate or a copper sulfate.
[00:32:45.640]While this is an effective use,
[00:32:47.450]it is important to remember that
[00:32:48.940]it is only a first step
[00:32:51.240]and should be considered along with the many other options
[00:32:54.810]of treating and managing for aquatic vegetation.
[00:32:58.530]Contact herbicides are one method of chemical control
[00:33:01.400]that are often used.
[00:33:02.790]They are easy to apply,
[00:33:05.130]readily available locally,
[00:33:06.930]and have a good advantage of being able to target
[00:33:10.130]a specific plant species while leaving others on effective.
[00:33:13.940]They give a homeowner or a pond owner,
[00:33:16.120]great control over what vegetation remains within a pond.
[00:33:20.400]Some potential disadvantages and precautions
[00:33:22.850]when using herbicides include
[00:33:24.130]that they are potentially expensive.
[00:33:26.830]They also require that the applicator
[00:33:28.530]know exactly what plant species it is being applied to,
[00:33:32.280]and that you know the specific treatment area
[00:33:34.730]that the contact herbicide is being applied to.
[00:33:37.790]They also pose some risk to the applicator themselves,
[00:33:41.320]and it is most common that these chemicals
[00:33:44.910]need to be applied multiple times throughout the season.
[00:33:47.960]Because there's a potential for risk,
[00:33:49.980]it is important that you follow safety precautions,
[00:33:52.570]always read and follow the label
[00:33:54.400]and be sure to follow PPE requirements.
[00:33:57.710]So most aquatic herbicides
[00:33:59.100]will not harm fish or wildlife populations.
[00:34:01.720]However, applying at an incorrect dosage
[00:34:04.550]or applying too much to too much of the surface area
[00:34:07.840]of the pond and thereby killing too much
[00:34:10.090]of the aquatic vegetation at one time
[00:34:12.600]can result in some hazards.
[00:34:14.410]Too much of a certain chemical can result in
[00:34:16.591]fish dying or aquatic habitat modification.
[00:34:20.490]And by applying too much herbicide
[00:34:23.180]to the entire surface area of the pond,
[00:34:25.380]you may kill all the algae or aquatic vegetation
[00:34:27.930]at one time.
[00:34:29.160]This results in an oxygen use by the algae,
[00:34:31.950]that's dying and decomposing
[00:34:33.820]and thereby the Fish are no longer able to get the oxygen.
[00:34:37.240]This results in a fish kill.
[00:34:39.410]If incorrect formulations or application rates are used,
[00:34:42.520]there poses a significant risk to both wildlife
[00:34:45.910]and the environment.
[00:34:47.430]This can result in targeting non target species,
[00:34:50.680]killing off aquatic vegetation,
[00:34:53.460]that is potentially beneficial,
[00:34:56.180]or interfering with spawning and fish populations.
[00:35:01.150]Be sure to always read and follow the label.
[00:35:03.620]Some restrictions for certain chemicals apply to swimming,
[00:35:07.510]to contact with the water, to drinking water
[00:35:10.860]or to the potential harvesting
[00:35:12.438]and eating of the fish populations within the water.
[00:35:15.900]So now we're going to talk a little bit
[00:35:17.550]about toxic algae or blue-green algae.
[00:35:21.120]And the name itself has a little bit of a misnomer
[00:35:23.610]because blue-green algae is actually a bacteria.
[00:35:26.900]The interesting thing about this bacteria though,
[00:35:29.190]is that it actually functions
[00:35:32.335]like an algae and that it can photosynthesize.
[00:35:34.900]So blue-green algae most typically
[00:35:37.030]looks like a paint sheen on the surface.
[00:35:39.060]It kind of has that John Deere bright green sheen to it,
[00:35:42.930]and is very often easily noticed in the pond system.
[00:35:48.410]Blue-green algae needs similar requirements
[00:35:51.290]as other aquatic vegetation to grow.
[00:35:54.210]One of the main things that will result
[00:35:56.470]in blue-green algae is an excess of nutrients,
[00:35:59.260]such as phosphorus and nitrogen.
[00:36:01.630]Blue-green algae has a growing prevalence
[00:36:03.890]throughout Nebraska and the rest of the United States.
[00:36:06.870]Unfortunately with blue-green algae,
[00:36:09.170]we're not sure what requirements
[00:36:11.440]are needed to make toxic algae.
[00:36:14.810]So there are several different strains
[00:36:17.110]of the bacteria that are considered blue-green algae.
[00:36:20.250]Some of these strains and specific species are always toxic.
[00:36:24.890]Others of these species become toxic
[00:36:27.210]only given certain environmental conditions.
[00:36:30.720]And there is a lot of research
[00:36:32.040]that is continuing to be done
[00:36:34.000]on blue-green algae to determine
[00:36:35.830]what levels of toxicity occur and how these occur.
[00:36:39.900]If you have a blue-green algae bloom,
[00:36:41.680]it is important to refrain from contact with the water.
[00:36:44.930]Most commonly pets are the first ones
[00:36:46.810]to go into the water with blue-green algae.
[00:36:49.480]When they come out, they're covered with the algae spores.
[00:36:52.250]As they licked clean themselves,
[00:36:54.370]they actually break open the spores and create the toxins
[00:36:58.070]as they're cleaning themselves,
[00:36:59.307]and they ingest those toxins.
[00:37:01.420]Then those toxins attack the liver system,
[00:37:05.140]and eventually result in the death of most pets.
[00:37:08.620]This is also a problem in having blue-green algae
[00:37:12.080]with livestock, with wildlife
[00:37:14.170]and especially swimmers or others come in contact
[00:37:18.110]with the blue-green algae.
[00:37:19.670]The best thing that can be done to control blue-green algae
[00:37:22.380]is to use prevention.
[00:37:24.040]So similar to the other algae control methods
[00:37:26.650]that we've mentioned before,
[00:37:28.000]things like soil testing, buffer strips,
[00:37:31.070]and erosion protection,
[00:37:32.540]can really help at managing the growth
[00:37:35.050]and introduction of blue-green algae.
[00:37:37.206](soft music playing)
[00:37:44.570]Hi, I'm Dave Ford.
[00:37:45.720]I'm the irrigation manager
[00:37:46.810]at the Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District
[00:37:49.981]in Holden, Nebraska.
[00:37:50.814]We're outside here today,
[00:37:51.920]along the Phelps canal out north Northeast old Ridge.
[00:37:55.690]I'm Steve Osterbuhr, Central Nebraska Public power.
[00:37:58.680]And I guess I worked with Dave on the aquatic weed control.
[00:38:03.760]We look at two main pests for us in our irrigation canal.
[00:38:07.500]We look at some type of algae filamentous algae,
[00:38:10.680]and then Sago pondweed is, are the two,
[00:38:14.240]two pests that we battled the most.
[00:38:17.340]We mainly use a couple different algae asides.
[00:38:19.440]We use the copper products,
[00:38:21.060]and then we also use the Teton as an algaecide.
[00:38:24.216]The end of all product we use it's called cascade
[00:38:28.950]has been a very good product.
[00:38:29.880]We use that product mainly for Sega Pondweed
[00:38:32.440]and American Pondweed.
[00:38:34.004]And then the algaecide is,
[00:38:35.550]the algae that you see floating
[00:38:36.770]on top or the filamentous algae
[00:38:38.340]that's growing up from the bottom.
[00:38:40.500]We use a copper products and the Teton for that.
[00:38:42.440]So both have been,
[00:38:44.080]we've found both of those very effective,
[00:38:45.490]very cost-effective, and they're a safe product to use.
[00:38:49.041]They're not hazardous materials,
[00:38:51.580]and doesn't require any special licensing,
[00:38:54.581]that type of thing,
[00:38:55.414]you have of course have to have your applicator's license,
[00:38:56.880]but you don't need a hazmat, that type of thing.
[00:38:59.310]So we've set up a trailer here
[00:39:01.160]to apply our algaecide and the stuff
[00:39:05.230]that we use to control the pondweed.
[00:39:07.670]It provides a very efficient way to apply the product.
[00:39:10.660]Everything is all in the same trailer
[00:39:12.270]and compact and easy to move around
[00:39:14.400]from one site to another.
[00:39:16.025]The other thing it provides is an element of safety.
[00:39:17.540]We can go ahead and start applying this.
[00:39:19.560]We can lock that trailer up for security reasons
[00:39:21.650]and this type of thing.
[00:39:22.483]So I'm going to have Steve talk about some of the processes
[00:39:25.510]they do to set that trailer up and get it ready to run.
[00:39:28.240]What we usually do is we figure out
[00:39:30.260]when we're setting up the trailer,
[00:39:31.480]we figure out our canal CFS.
[00:39:34.300]So we know how much product to apply
[00:39:36.490]at the parts per million rate,
[00:39:39.470]and for the contact time that we want.
[00:39:41.670]And we carry two different tanks in here.
[00:39:44.000]One, we use Teton and the other one we use cascade
[00:39:46.850]and they both hold a hundred gallon.
[00:39:48.670]And we use these float boxes,
[00:39:50.790]which is little float that's in there that controls
[00:39:53.430]the depth of the water.
[00:39:56.940]And then we have a dial on the side
[00:39:58.760]that we control and we can set them up cause we need
[00:40:03.302]a contact time of about six hours.
[00:40:05.230]So it's a dripping that a hundred gallon for six hours.
[00:40:09.190]And so the guys right now
[00:40:10.410]are setting up the trailer with that.
[00:40:12.760]So for an application.
[00:40:15.120]One of the things that those slow boxes
[00:40:16.630]that you mentioned do,
[00:40:19.050]they provide a very uniform pressure,
[00:40:21.410]a very uniform application of the chemical,
[00:40:25.900]as your tank is full,
[00:40:26.850]it's got more head pressure as it gets lower.
[00:40:28.890]You're gonna reduce that.
[00:40:30.350]And so the stream of chemicals gonna change
[00:40:31.930]the float boxes, even that out.
[00:40:34.497]One of the things that we use also is a drip system.
[00:40:37.220]And we found this to be very effective
[00:40:39.580]as a preemptive control method is to
[00:40:44.090]put a solution of copper product in these 30 gallon barrels.
[00:40:47.940]And we put it at a check where we incorporate the water
[00:40:50.440]where the water mixes very well as it's applied,
[00:40:53.270]and it'll take several hours for that,
[00:40:55.150]to that product to go in there.
[00:40:56.650]And so as that water is moving downstream,
[00:41:00.390]the algae that is in that section
[00:41:02.710]will take that chemical up.
[00:41:04.580]And actually, it does a very good job of taking it all up.
[00:41:08.080]There's very little goes beyond where we want it to go,
[00:41:10.645]but it provides a very good control method.
[00:41:13.970]Very good control for the algae in that section.
[00:41:17.170]The other thing that we have is,
[00:41:18.700]is our truck that has set up and we'll use this to spray,
[00:41:22.250]not only along the banks,
[00:41:23.510]but if we're applying chemicals directly on the water,
[00:41:25.970]if we have a situation where we can shut the water off
[00:41:28.750]and just have standing water,
[00:41:29.980]we can apply some copper on there
[00:41:31.530]and just increase our exposure time.
[00:41:33.457]The way we have our truck set up
[00:41:35.280]back here is we have adjustable wounds
[00:41:37.560]so we can raise and lower.
[00:41:38.550]So that way the guy can watch,
[00:41:40.400]the operator can watch the spray pattern
[00:41:44.080]and make sure he's applied it
[00:41:45.360]only where he needs to.
[00:41:46.920]And if he needs to, we put,
[00:41:48.790]a longer boom on it to get it out over the canal.
[00:41:52.610]So that way we can get the exposure in the water contact or
[00:41:56.960]the bank contact that we're after.
[00:41:58.960]And then he can adjust it accordingly because,
[00:42:01.590]the roads changed and the heights of roads.
[00:42:03.870]And the other thing we have,
[00:42:06.810]is a hose reel that we can come out
[00:42:09.450]and we've got a hand gun that we can actually target it.
[00:42:12.026]Specific spots that we can't get to with the truck.
[00:42:16.058]Sometimes you have to go about 20, 30 feet.
[00:42:18.100]In addition to the chemical control that we've shown you.
[00:42:21.010]We also use mechanical methods to get to our results.
[00:42:27.110]And one of them would be with
[00:42:28.210]the hydraulic excavators, backhoes,
[00:42:30.570]and you dip the material out of the canal
[00:42:34.150]and get rid of it, escarvate it out.
[00:42:36.130]Another one is a sloper where we can slope the canal,
[00:42:39.310]reshape it, make it a little bit deeper.
[00:42:41.450]So you don't have the sunlight penetration.
[00:42:43.780]And then it pulls the product to the sides and up and out.
[00:42:48.090]And another thing that we introduced this year,
[00:42:50.680]and we had pretty good success with in the right canals
[00:42:53.870]is what they call a bump blower.
[00:42:55.860]It's a feed bunk blower.
[00:42:57.360]And it blows air out with a blower
[00:43:01.370]over 300 mile an hour into the bottom of the canal.
[00:43:04.240]And if you can get that close, it'll blow everything.
[00:43:06.280]Even the dirt out to a certain extent.
[00:43:08.590]And it does very well in certain conditions.
[00:43:10.910]A very effective way of nutrient management,
[00:43:14.590]keeping getting those nutrients out of the canal.
[00:43:16.781]And so we're excited to have an additional,
[00:43:20.190]a tool in our toolbox to work on that.
[00:43:23.910]We've also done some a pre-emergent where we've had,
[00:43:27.700]maybe we've used some of these things we've talked about
[00:43:29.850]and got all the nutrients,
[00:43:32.150]all the crop residue out of the canals.
[00:43:35.870]And then we're able to go in with a pre-emergent
[00:43:37.950]and spray that canal, maybe one time
[00:43:40.440]prior to the irrigation season,
[00:43:41.960]and then have a year long weed control.
[00:43:45.650]Year long aquatic vegetation control as all of that.
[00:43:50.711]We're just getting into that a little bit more,
[00:43:54.310]trying to be very conservative
[00:43:55.440]and making sure that it's going to accomplish
[00:43:57.250]what we want to, and it's,
[00:43:59.440]it's an expensive thing to do that.
[00:44:02.300]But so is all this other stuff
[00:44:03.990]that we're talking about as well.
[00:44:05.030]So there are some conditions that,
[00:44:07.680]that maybe is going to be your best option,
[00:44:09.670]and it's been a very effective for us
[00:44:13.190]in the trials that we've run.
[00:44:14.690]We talked about de-watering it,
[00:44:16.000]of course we do water
[00:44:17.170]in the off season each and every year,
[00:44:19.480]but during the irrigation season,
[00:44:20.830]after a big rain event,
[00:44:22.230]or maybe early in the season,
[00:44:24.190]when irrigation is very light or non-existent,
[00:44:27.400]we can reduce the water in the canals
[00:44:30.530]and we can either take it all out and dry that up,
[00:44:34.410]dry that stuff that's growing up
[00:44:36.550]without the use of Indy chemicals.
[00:44:39.020]But even if we can only get the water out for a few days,
[00:44:41.350]and maybe it's still wet,
[00:44:42.250]we can go in there and we can spray something on top of that
[00:44:44.960]in standing water
[00:44:46.770]and get very effective control doing,
[00:44:49.500]using that method.
[00:44:51.200]One of the most important things
[00:44:52.720]in dealing with all these chemicals is safety.
[00:44:55.770]The PPE that the guys use when applying the products
[00:44:59.370]or working around the products is crucial.
[00:45:01.520]You need to look at your MSDS
[00:45:03.530]and not always list to what you have to use,
[00:45:06.280]but sometimes you you'll choose
[00:45:08.100]to go a little bit farther than that.
[00:45:10.720]Just to be on the safe side,
[00:45:12.910]a rubber gloves, face shields, goggles,
[00:45:16.030]respirators on certain chemicals.
[00:45:18.230]the MSDS you need
[00:45:24.876]to research that before you using any chemicals.
[00:45:27.980]And we use, if you have a short sleeves on,
[00:45:30.280]like we do today, we have a rubber gloves,
[00:45:33.500]and then we have these a sleeve deals that we put on.
[00:45:36.220]So that way, and then you wear long pants
[00:45:38.600]and face shields, and like, say goggles,
[00:45:41.630]if you're worried about splashing
[00:45:43.770]and some things with the respirator.
[00:45:47.580]Looking at off target impacts of
[00:45:51.350]to what you're applying.
[00:45:54.060]We're fortunate here.
[00:45:55.690]Our system is a closed system.
[00:45:57.250]We're not returning water back to the stream
[00:45:59.040]or to the river.
[00:46:00.060]And so we're able to
[00:46:00.893]contain that with some chemicals, as you read the label,
[00:46:05.030]you will know that you have risks there,
[00:46:07.400]and if you have restrictions in regard to
[00:46:09.470]returning water to a stream,
[00:46:11.140]and so you need to be aware of that.
[00:46:13.990]The other thing that we are aware of
[00:46:15.470]is what crops are out there.
[00:46:16.730]And so we have to read those labels
[00:46:18.240]and understand the chemicals that we're using.
[00:46:21.670]If they're impacting the crops,
[00:46:22.810]that our producers are growing,
[00:46:24.610]and make sure that we're not having
[00:46:27.050]an adverse impact with that.
[00:46:29.486]As we talk about all these things,
[00:46:33.372]probably the most important part,
[00:46:36.000]every part is important.
[00:46:36.960]I guess, as you go through this process,
[00:46:38.680]everything has got a high level of importance.
[00:46:42.660]Personal safety is probably the highest level,
[00:46:45.600]but the other thing is,
[00:46:46.630]as you look at rates and you look at the labels,
[00:46:48.780]make sure those rates are correct
[00:46:50.650]not to overplay and not to underplay.
[00:46:52.430]There's detrimental effects,
[00:46:55.300]consequences to both of those.
[00:46:57.330]If you don't apply enough,
[00:46:58.950]you've wasted your money and your time
[00:47:00.790]and your effort to control.
[00:47:02.660]Also plants will start to build up resistance
[00:47:06.330]to those chemicals by under applying.
[00:47:08.980]And obviously the impacts of over application
[00:47:11.390]are to the environment and to the people
[00:47:13.190]that applying it are very hazardous as well.
[00:47:15.290]So just make sure you understand that again,
[00:47:18.800]you've got a big investment in equipment
[00:47:21.190]and manpower and chemicals.
[00:47:24.040]You want to put them to the most cost effective use
[00:47:26.320]that you can and
[00:47:28.260]get control of what you're after
[00:47:30.820]and do it safely.
[00:47:31.653]And so everybody can go home at night
[00:47:33.576]and enjoy their families and come back to work tomorrow.
[00:47:36.722](soft music playing)
[00:47:45.207]Hi, I'm Phil Chvala.
[00:47:46.140]I'm a fisheries biologist,
[00:47:47.520]the Nebraska game and parks commission
[00:47:50.585]out of our Norfolk office.
[00:47:51.770]Today, I'm gonna talk to you about
[00:47:53.860]vegetation treatment primarily,
[00:47:57.880]and how to deal with excessive amounts of it potentially.
[00:48:02.930]I want to start though by saying that
[00:48:05.200]some vegetation in a lake is required,
[00:48:08.070]you need that out there,
[00:48:09.070]the fish need it out there, they need cover,
[00:48:11.870]it provides fruit production.
[00:48:14.600]So it's a real necessary attribute
[00:48:16.700]on any of our lakes systems and waterways.
[00:48:20.860]But at times whether it be the species
[00:48:22.980]or just the abundance of it,
[00:48:25.220]it becomes a problem and it needs to be dealt with.
[00:48:28.250]And so, there are three methods you can use
[00:48:31.360]to try and control vegetation.
[00:48:32.820]There's physical, biological, and chemical.
[00:48:37.410]Physical involves going out there with equipment
[00:48:41.370]and removing it physically as the name implies,
[00:48:45.370]raking the vegetation out up on the bank.
[00:48:48.500]It's a lot of hard work.
[00:48:49.640]And a lot of times it's pretty short term.
[00:48:52.330]As far as that goes biological,
[00:48:57.280]the main one people think of is grass carp,
[00:49:00.660]they'll eat the vegetation,
[00:49:03.870]but they're kind of a tough one to deal with
[00:49:06.600]cause it's hard to get that balance
[00:49:08.600]of what you want numbers wise for grass carp in the system.
[00:49:13.150]If you don't have enough,
[00:49:14.240]they won't have an effect and you get too many,
[00:49:17.160]they'll eat everything
[00:49:18.962]and you won't have a rooted vegetation in there,
[00:49:21.290]but you'll end up having algae blooms pretty regularly.
[00:49:25.380]What nature is trying to do is
[00:49:26.480]balance that submergent vegetation,
[00:49:29.320]and algae that's out there,
[00:49:31.920]whether it be planktonic or filamentous,
[00:49:34.260]there are nutrients in the water
[00:49:37.110]to be used nitrogen, phosphorous.
[00:49:39.610]And at certain times of the year,
[00:49:42.220]your rid of vegetation may die back,
[00:49:44.961]which we see in not all of our lakes
[00:49:47.641]with curly-leaf pond weed,
[00:49:48.800]it'll die back substantially
[00:49:50.640]in fairly short order on its own.
[00:49:54.260]And then there's no rooted plants using
[00:49:57.357]the nutrients out there.
[00:49:59.870]So then it shifts over to algae and you end up with the lake
[00:50:02.520]looking like pea soup for a little while then too.
[00:50:06.843]But today I'm gonna talk a little bit
[00:50:07.700]about some of the chemicals that we use,
[00:50:09.400]because that sign of our preferred method
[00:50:11.410]for dealing with vegetation problems.
[00:50:16.369]If there were another option other than chemical,
[00:50:18.440]that'd be one I lean towards,
[00:50:19.640]but this is the best way to deal with it.
[00:50:22.670]And in the business we're in,
[00:50:25.290]we're just trying to open up some areas.
[00:50:27.240]We're not doing a whole lake treatment, typically,
[00:50:30.090]we're trying to open up areas for fishing access,
[00:50:33.880]trying to open up boat ramp areas,
[00:50:36.530]not only for aesthetics,
[00:50:37.880]but we have our clean drain and dry lawn now
[00:50:40.920]where people can't take,
[00:50:42.910]move vegetation or water from one water body to another.
[00:50:46.020]So we wanna help out as best we can with that.
[00:50:50.770]If we can get that boat ramp clear of vegetation,
[00:50:53.920]then it's less likely that they're going to be pulling some
[00:50:56.630]down the road on their trailer or,
[00:50:58.880]and making it less work for the angler
[00:51:00.620]or recreational boater also.
[00:51:04.280]So, number one,
[00:51:05.180]you need to know what kind of plant you're dealing with,
[00:51:07.920]what the problem plant is,
[00:51:09.220]whether it's a rooted submergent plant,
[00:51:12.240]an emergent plant, or say filamentous algae,
[00:51:17.390]all those things require different.
[00:51:20.030]Either chemicals or methods for applying the chemical.
[00:51:24.140]Let's start it off with algae.
[00:51:25.880]Pesticide of choice with that is usually
[00:51:28.460]a copper based compound or solution,
[00:51:32.900]copper sulfate was used for a long time and still is.
[00:51:36.710]And it works well,
[00:51:37.940]but it can build up in the environment over time.
[00:51:40.120]And it's a fairly toxic to fish, especially young fish,
[00:51:43.470]potentially in the shallows and such.
[00:51:45.510]So we switched to a key laded copper compound,
[00:51:49.860]such as cutrine plus,
[00:51:51.820]like I said, it doesn't build up
[00:51:52.970]in the environment and it's not quite
[00:51:54.920]as toxic to other critters.
[00:51:59.600]And it's very effective for our use.
[00:52:03.230]And usually we don't do the planktonic LG treatment so much.
[00:52:07.100]It's mainly dealing with the bouts of filamentous algae.
[00:52:09.660]Once they start floating around. (clears throat)
[00:52:12.850]If we catch it early on,
[00:52:14.810]we'll tend to treat it as it's growing up off the bottom.
[00:52:18.320]It starts growing on the bottom
[00:52:20.080]and then catches air released from those bottom sediments.
[00:52:22.630]And then it turns into a floating mat.
[00:52:25.070]And if we catch it early enough,
[00:52:26.330]we can use the granular herbicide
[00:52:28.530]and we'll just walk the shore
[00:52:30.510]and kind of broadcast that out by hand
[00:52:32.370]or use a hand spreader.
[00:52:34.210]But if it gets to that point where it's matted up,
[00:52:37.470]we pretty much switch over to the liquid.
[00:52:39.840]And we use a setup like this.
[00:52:41.340]We've got a spray tank here,
[00:52:43.113]a 12 volt spray tank, like on an ATV,
[00:52:45.820]and we hook it up to this boom
[00:52:47.810]and we'll drive over and
[00:52:50.350]kind of turn the mats blue, essentially.
[00:52:52.410]We'll measure out the area and kind of figure out
[00:52:55.430]how much chemical we need to cover that specific area,
[00:52:58.530]and then dilute it with water and work our way across it
[00:53:02.380]and treat it that way.
[00:53:04.290]We also have a wand if it's thick enough
[00:53:05.970]that the boat's not going to go through it real effectively,
[00:53:08.500]we'll hook up the wand and we can spray out to 20, 25 feet
[00:53:11.570]with that potentially.
[00:53:14.130]Moving on, we'll go onto rooted vegetation,
[00:53:16.450]rooted submerged vegetation.
[00:53:19.020]Tribune reward, that's a dye quad based herbicide.
[00:53:23.220]Those are one we lean towards.
[00:53:25.200]It's very effective, once again,
[00:53:27.630]the nice thing about both of those chemicals
[00:53:29.650]is they have little or no waiting period.
[00:53:33.430]You can go right after treatment.
[00:53:35.130]You can fish there.
[00:53:36.040]You can go swim in there, things like that.
[00:53:38.547]And what we'll do is mix the gallon,
[00:53:40.520]of the dye quad and cutrine together,
[00:53:44.330]because a lot of our veg problem,
[00:53:46.460]rooted vegetation requires a two gallon per acre treatment.
[00:53:51.580]And the dye quad's a little more expensive.
[00:53:54.500]And cutrine is relatively inexpensive.
[00:53:58.340]But if you combine these two,
[00:54:01.810]the cutrine acts like a synergist for the dye quad,
[00:54:06.310]and you'll be treating,
[00:54:08.340]it'll be like a two gallon per acre treatment,
[00:54:10.810]even though you only use one gallon of Tribune.
[00:54:13.010]And plus you'll be treating the algae at the same time.
[00:54:15.970]So you get a real bonus there by doing that.
[00:54:19.970]Another chemical we have here is sonar.
[00:54:23.870]That's more of a volume metric herbicide.
[00:54:27.330]That's something that will rid pretty much
[00:54:30.240]the entire lake of vegetation.
[00:54:32.550]And sometimes as desired,
[00:54:33.940]most of the time in our business, it's not.
[00:54:37.130]Also you need to be a little concerned with that because it,
[00:54:39.940]if you have trees growing close to the pond or something,
[00:54:42.606]it can kill those also if they're in close enough proximity.
[00:54:46.550]So move on to emergent vegetation,
[00:54:49.140]such as cat tails, arrowhead, things like that,
[00:54:51.860]things that are sticking up out of the water,
[00:54:53.800]what's worked well for us as a mixture of habitat and rodeo.
[00:54:58.120]Rodeo is the aquatic form of Roundup.
[00:55:00.710]Glyphosate is the base chemical in that.
[00:55:04.530]And you need, when you're treating emergent vegetation,
[00:55:07.220]it usually has a waxy surface on it.
[00:55:09.920]So you need to add a surfactant
[00:55:12.240]to get that chemical to adhere
[00:55:14.377]and affect the plant like you need it to.
[00:55:17.970]Person needs to be cautious though, because you,
[00:55:21.310]you don't want to treat too much
[00:55:22.360]of the surface area at once.
[00:55:23.720]Especially if you have a heavy vegetation infestation,
[00:55:28.620]you only want to treat a quarter to a third
[00:55:30.600]of the surface area at a time.
[00:55:33.330]Otherwise if you treat the whole lake or too much of it,
[00:55:36.690]that decomposing plant matter
[00:55:38.130]can actually create an auction sag,
[00:55:40.360]and you can actually end up having a fish kill
[00:55:42.890]through that process.
[00:55:44.510]Sometimes, there are certain species of fish
[00:55:47.903]that we don't like in lakes, and we do.
[00:55:50.710]There are times when we do purposefully kill fish,
[00:55:53.630]that's using another chemical called rotenone.
[00:55:56.590]We'll talk about that in later segment in the video,
[00:55:59.870]but that's something that we do also.
[00:56:04.610]other than fish problems.
[00:56:07.410]We do have other animals in the state
[00:56:11.210]that are coming on and creating problems.
[00:56:14.520]The zebra mussel is a good example of that.
[00:56:17.490]We have some suspect lakes.
[00:56:19.180]We have three of them around Omaha that
[00:56:23.183]we veligers in, which is the microscopic form of that.
[00:56:27.940]The lifecycle of the zebra mussels.
[00:56:29.560]You have an adult, the female lays eggs,
[00:56:32.760]and they can release 30 to 40,000 at a time
[00:56:35.950]and up to a million over a one-year period.
[00:56:39.140]So you can see them expanding fairly quickly
[00:56:42.190]once they get into a system.
[00:56:43.910]But anyway, so they released the eggs,
[00:56:47.140]those hatch into veligers, which are free swimming.
[00:56:49.950]They can get into a boat, water,
[00:56:53.230]your life tank water and stuff like that.
[00:56:55.330]That's why our clean drain and dry
[00:56:57.370]protocol is so important.
[00:56:59.100]That's one of the big issues
[00:57:00.400]that we deal with is zebra mussels.
[00:57:04.140]The best way to limit their expansion right now,
[00:57:08.460]it is well and always is, is education.
[00:57:11.790]And that's kind of what we're leaning on.
[00:57:13.460]Making people aware of,
[00:57:14.840]of how these things move around and why, like I said,
[00:57:18.300]it is so important to clean drain and dry your watercraft.
[00:57:21.450]There are chemical techniques have been tried
[00:57:24.610]for treating them.
[00:57:26.120]They've been fairly effective,
[00:57:28.680]but have not provided a 100% kill.
[00:57:31.581]So we kinda,
[00:57:33.460]we don't spend our time on that much.
[00:57:36.990]In these big systems, I mentioned,
[00:57:39.050]we've got some suspect lakes down there, Omaha.
[00:57:42.380]We've also got some infested areas.
[00:57:44.170]We have Lewis and Clark lake up on the Missouri river,
[00:57:47.610]west of Yankton.
[00:57:48.920]And then the whole Missouri river downstream
[00:57:51.610]of Gavin's point dam is infested with them also,
[00:57:55.070]and off at air force base in Omaha has also infested.
[00:58:01.930]A few years ago Lake Sirinski in Omaha
[00:58:04.200]was a live, adult muscle was found there.
[00:58:08.560]And to treat that,
[00:58:10.980]we knew it from our experience at off at that the
[00:58:14.660]chemical wasn't a real,
[00:58:15.980]wasn't effective enough for our liking.
[00:58:19.390]So what we worked with the core
[00:58:21.390]and they drained the lake in the winter time,
[00:58:24.680]after all reproduction was done, obviously,
[00:58:28.240]but they drained the lake down
[00:58:31.130]as far as they could and froze out
[00:58:34.070]and desiccated those zebra mussels.
[00:58:36.340]And it stayed clean since then, for the most part,
[00:58:39.720]there was a positive veliger sample
[00:58:42.400]this year for the first time.
[00:58:44.840]And that drawdown actually occurred in 2010.
[00:58:47.260]So it was fairly effective for six years anyway.
[00:58:50.889]So we'll have to see where it goes from there with that.
[00:58:54.100]If we were to treat this lake today,
[00:58:56.870]you can see the equipment we've got set up here.
[00:59:00.750]We've got the 12 volt ATV sprayer,
[00:59:03.010]and we hook it up to this boom here.
[00:59:06.360]We're going to account for drift today.
[00:59:09.120]We've got a little bit of a wind.
[00:59:10.770]What we try to do as is have these droppers down
[00:59:13.670]and have those near the surface.
[00:59:15.060]So we don't have to deal with drift,
[00:59:16.950]don't have to be concerned with that too much.
[00:59:19.920]Not only is that a concern for non target organisms,
[00:59:25.340]but also it's a concern for us applying the chemical,
[00:59:32.200]so we can control drift things like that,
[00:59:35.780]controlled droplet size,
[00:59:37.720]but also to protect ourselves,
[00:59:40.030]we're wearing personal protective equipment or PPE
[00:59:43.330]as it's referred to oftentimes.
[00:59:47.248]Depending on the chemical you're working with,
[00:59:50.270]different chemicals require different PPEs.
[00:59:53.680]Some, maybe just a pure, just a small dust mask
[00:59:56.800]like this would be sufficient.
[00:59:58.730]Other times you need a carbon filtered,
[01:00:02.340]organic filter, full respirator,
[01:00:06.050]to protect our hands and skin we'll wear nitrile gloves
[01:00:09.390]are the best to use nice, long cuff on them.
[01:00:14.030]If you didn't have anything else,
[01:00:15.900]these disposable nitrile gloves will work.
[01:00:20.537]These are latex gloves.
[01:00:23.350]Typically they are not recommended for chemical application.
[01:00:26.500]So you want to stay away from those.
[01:00:30.970]These are another good choice for protecting your hands,
[01:00:35.160]but they get awful hot.
[01:00:37.095]So, it's situational.
[01:00:39.060]Just make sure it's chemical resistant
[01:00:41.700]and nitrile is one of the better ones.
[01:00:44.100]To protect eyes may use goggles or a face shield.
[01:00:49.870]We have a couple of different types of goggles.
[01:00:52.860]There are ones that are sealed up all the way around.
[01:00:55.940]No air can get in there.
[01:00:57.490]This one it's breezed a little bit better.
[01:00:59.370]So it'll be cooler on a hot day,
[01:01:02.290]but different chemicals may require
[01:01:04.660]that you wear a sealed up Goggle.
[01:01:10.800]To protect ourselves entirely,
[01:01:12.490]or the rest of our body,
[01:01:15.060]say reward here or the dye quad based chemical.
[01:01:18.820]It requires that you wear coveralls
[01:01:21.120]over anything else including,
[01:01:22.850]even if you're wearing long pants and long shirt,
[01:01:24.770]the label says to wear coveralls of some sort.
[01:01:27.610]So you can buy something like this, the white Tyvec suit,
[01:01:32.290]or a lot of times we'll just put on a rain gear.
[01:01:36.560]And I tend to have a set of rain gear
[01:01:39.610]that is designated for chemical application,
[01:01:43.610]and that's all I use it for.
[01:01:46.210]For those times, when action is required,
[01:01:49.110]just remember that it is important to ID the,
[01:01:51.660]the problem organism correctly,
[01:01:55.760]and then apply the that's produced
[01:01:59.380]to deal with that organism.
[01:02:01.640]Like I said, we've got a variety of, chemicals here.
[01:02:04.660]We've got algaecide,
[01:02:05.990]we've got chemicals to deal with submerse plants
[01:02:10.150]and always remember label's the law, read your label,
[01:02:14.320]wear your protective gear,
[01:02:16.460]account for wind, things like that,
[01:02:19.270]because it's about taking care of the problem,
[01:02:21.820]but also not creating another problem.
[01:02:24.760]So the methods we've talked about today
[01:02:27.200]should help you manage for a quality experience
[01:02:30.020]on whether it be fishing or other sorts of recreation
[01:02:34.410]on the lake system.
[01:02:36.467](soft music playing)
[01:02:45.580]I'm Jeff Schuckman,
[01:02:46.936]I'm with Nebraska game and parks commission
[01:02:48.320]and fisheries division.
[01:02:49.410]I'm the fish manager for the Northeast district,
[01:02:52.920]which is the Northeast Nebraska,
[01:02:54.720]and about half of north central Nebraska.
[01:02:57.310]And I'm here to talk a little bit today
[01:02:59.780]about the use of rotenone,
[01:03:01.700]which is to create an intentional fish kill.
[01:03:04.750]Occasionally we have problems with fish populations
[01:03:07.620]that get out of balance
[01:03:08.590]or might get contaminated with some
[01:03:10.010]rough fish or some invasive fish.
[01:03:12.240]And we need to basically start over
[01:03:14.730]with the process of managing that water body.
[01:03:16.940]And we use a chemical called rotenone,
[01:03:19.752]to kill the fish and start over.
[01:03:22.220]Rotenone is made from the root of the Doris plant.
[01:03:25.400]It's imported from South America,
[01:03:27.780]and it's very effective at killing fish.
[01:03:32.060]We put that chemical in the water
[01:03:34.030]and it doesn't take the oxygen out of the water
[01:03:36.730]like a lot of people think,
[01:03:38.100]it inhibits the oxygen uptake
[01:03:40.230]in the fish at the cellular level.
[01:03:42.030]So they get it within their system
[01:03:44.030]and then they basically can't can uptake the oxygen.
[01:03:46.910]And then they suffocate and it kills them.
[01:03:50.060]It's very effective.
[01:03:51.660]There's some things it's dependent upon
[01:03:53.350]to make it more effective.
[01:03:54.900]And the breakdown of it after you apply it.
[01:04:00.700]But main thing with it is it has to be put on evenly,
[01:04:04.470]many times, you want to draw the lake down.
[01:04:06.360]You don't wanna have a lot of shoreline vegetation
[01:04:08.500]that you have to treat
[01:04:09.880]or areas that you maybe you can't get the rotenone to.
[01:04:13.040]So there's a lot of factors that go into a good renovation.
[01:04:15.670]And we recently did a renovation.
[01:04:19.300]It's been a few years ago up at Pierce at Gilman park lake.
[01:04:22.690]And we demonstrated how we put this chemical on.
[01:04:26.540]And we used a system of application
[01:04:29.510]that utilizes a tank and the boat
[01:04:31.890]and a pump system where we basically siphoned off
[01:04:36.490]the chemical and mix it with lake water
[01:04:38.830]and pump it into the lake.
[01:04:40.990]And it's a very effective method of applying rotenone.
[01:04:48.110]And at this time, I probably should mention too,
[01:04:50.420]that rotenone is strictly controlled chemical,
[01:04:54.970]in order to use it, for private citizen to use it.
[01:04:57.920]Even though you might have a commercial applicator license,
[01:05:00.730]you have to have permission from gaming park
[01:05:02.640]before you apply this chemical,
[01:05:04.580]because it is a fish toxicant.
[01:05:06.870]And we are very concerned.
[01:05:08.170]We don't want people out there killing a bunch of fish.
[01:05:10.660]And there are certain applications where
[01:05:12.250]we will allow the use of this chemical
[01:05:14.850]and certain application where we will not allow
[01:05:16.700]the use of this chemical.
[01:05:18.519]So always contact gaming parks prior to doing
[01:05:20.480]any fish renovation with the product called rotenone.
[01:05:24.130]To do a renovation, successful renovation,
[01:05:27.840]with chemical called rotenone,
[01:05:29.660]there are some pre-planning things that need to be done.
[01:05:32.130]Number one, you need to know the volume of the lake,
[01:05:34.620]and that is determined by acre feet.
[01:05:37.000]And as simply the surface area divided
[01:05:38.810]by the average or times of the average depth
[01:05:41.050]gives you the number of acre feet in the lake.
[01:05:44.330]And we try to, on a general renovation,
[01:05:49.010]go with the three to five part per million treatment.
[01:05:51.650]Normally three parts per million,
[01:05:53.030]unless this real heavily organic water
[01:05:55.914]will be sufficient to kill all the fish in the lake.
[01:06:00.010]So we do our calculations first.
[01:06:02.570]I have the appropriate amount of chemical,
[01:06:05.352]and when it comes time to apply it,
[01:06:06.780]generally, what we do is apply it in a grid fashion.
[01:06:10.210]You want to get it on fairly evenly.
[01:06:12.035]And some of the video from Gilman park at Pierce,
[01:06:16.060]we're actually doing just as
[01:06:18.139]what we call a surface application.
[01:06:19.300]So basically we'll circle the lake,
[01:06:21.680]do the perimeter lake first,
[01:06:22.930]try to drive the fish out of the shallows.
[01:06:25.390]The liquid formulation of this chemical
[01:06:27.990]does have a carrier with it
[01:06:29.410]to keep this chemical in suspension and solution.
[01:06:32.570]And those fish can kind of detect that.
[01:06:34.950]So we'll hit the shore lines first,
[01:06:36.280]drive them out of the shoreline areas and then,
[01:06:38.610]and then do a grid pattern back and forth
[01:06:40.850]widthwise and lengthwise across lake
[01:06:44.390]to get that chemical on evenly
[01:06:46.810]until we've got the prescribed amount of chemical on.
[01:06:49.890]A neat tool that we use now are the GPS depth finders.
[01:06:53.330]As we go back and forth across the lake,
[01:06:55.840]you have the tracking capability on those,
[01:06:58.430]and we can follow our pattern
[01:06:59.900]and make sure we're not leaving any gaps
[01:07:01.840]in coverage in there.
[01:07:02.930]This chemical does spread out in the water
[01:07:04.840]pretty good by itself,
[01:07:06.000]but you still want to try to get an even distribution on it.
[01:07:09.220]Also, if a lake is deeper than say 12 to 15 feet,
[01:07:14.020]we always recommend pumping down
[01:07:16.270]and that's just simply putting a weighted hose down
[01:07:19.260]and pumping your chemical down deeper
[01:07:20.950]to get to those deeper areas of the lake.
[01:07:23.580]With that being said,
[01:07:24.570]there are considerations for the time of the year
[01:07:26.910]you do the treatment.
[01:07:28.870]If you're doing it in the summertime in a deeper lake,
[01:07:31.070]you've got to check for stratification
[01:07:32.630]because of those layers of water will not mix.
[01:07:35.640]And if you put chemical in the lower cold bottom layer,
[01:07:39.200]it will not mix with the top layer.
[01:07:41.580]So you have to do additional calculations
[01:07:43.670]to make sure you get the amount of chemical down below.
[01:07:46.460]A lot of times in the lower parts of the lake
[01:07:49.590]and stratified lake, there's no oxygen there,
[01:07:51.400]but that doesn't mean you can skip treating those areas.
[01:07:55.480]Fish can go in and out of those areas at times,
[01:07:58.020]and live on half a part per million
[01:08:00.340]or a 10th of a part per million of oxygen for a short time.
[01:08:02.890]So you still want to treat those areas.
[01:08:05.560]In the winter time,
[01:08:07.060]right before ice up or even an under the ice treatment,
[01:08:09.800]which we've done before,
[01:08:11.230]stays toxic for a long time, and it's a good way to treat,
[01:08:14.240]and it could stay for up to seven weeks.
[01:08:16.740]So based on the time of year,
[01:08:18.980]there are some different considerations on,
[01:08:21.060]on putting on rotenone and getting a successful treatment.
[01:08:24.320]The other thing you need to do is
[01:08:26.630]avoid a lot of flooded vegetation along the shoreline
[01:08:29.790]during the renovation,
[01:08:31.692]it's always a good idea to draw the lake down
[01:08:33.540]or pond down as low as it will be,
[01:08:36.020]or renovate during a drought period.
[01:08:38.930]You don't want small fish, especially carp or some,
[01:08:41.660]some rough fish undesirable fish hiding up in those weeds
[01:08:44.570]and you can't get the chemical to them.
[01:08:46.860]If you've got extensive shallow areas
[01:08:49.100]and flooded vegetation,
[01:08:51.450]it's best to probably have an airboat.
[01:08:53.620]We do have a nozzle.
[01:08:55.720]We affectionately called the carp Canon,
[01:08:58.150]that we can shoot chemical 60 feet off of one of our pumps.
[01:09:01.660]And we can get back into some of these areas
[01:09:03.360]and saturate it with rotenone,
[01:09:05.220]but that's something to really keep in mind.
[01:09:07.240]You have to treat all areas of a lake
[01:09:10.340]with rotenone to make it successful and get a good kill.
[01:09:14.360]The other thing you want to avoid is outflow.
[01:09:18.380]If there is outflow,
[01:09:20.900]we may or may not, game of parks speaking.
[01:09:23.880]We may or may not let you treat that body of water
[01:09:26.350]with an outflow.
[01:09:27.183]And if you do,
[01:09:28.490]and we can come up with a plan to treat that
[01:09:31.402]you have to detoxify the water as it
[01:09:35.250]leaves the lake or pond that you're working on.
[01:09:37.900]And that's to the use of potassium permanganate
[01:09:40.170]in a drip station.
[01:09:41.580]And again, a whole bunch of series of calculations
[01:09:44.040]on how to determine that,
[01:09:45.600]because otherwise you could kill fish from miles down
[01:09:47.970]that stream, and nobody wants that.
[01:09:49.870]And we can't have that, we can't allow that.
[01:09:52.810]So, try to avoid outflow at all costs.
[01:09:57.500]If you have inflow coming into a lake with no outflow,
[01:10:01.220]which is a situation sometimes that you can do,
[01:10:03.760]if you can draw it down, pump it down enough,
[01:10:05.720]you actually have to treat some of that inflow also.
[01:10:08.820]And if you have seeps,
[01:10:09.880]you have to treat those with what we call drip stations.
[01:10:12.970]And we'll show some, an example of a drip station,
[01:10:16.380]how to set that up,
[01:10:17.700]because if you have fresh water coming into a pond or lake,
[01:10:20.470]those fish are gonna get their nose up there,
[01:10:22.680]and they're not gonna get the toxicity
[01:10:26.500]from the rotenone and they will get by.
[01:10:28.510]So there are a number of factors involved
[01:10:30.822]in planning and carrying out a successful fish renovation.
[01:10:36.430]So we're going to talk about some different techniques
[01:10:38.830]and applying rotenone now that applied to a renovation
[01:10:42.120]and that's the drip station,
[01:10:44.290]low dose treatment and powdered rotenone.
[01:10:47.100]Many times we use liquid rotenone,
[01:10:48.940]which is a 5% active ingredient formulation.
[01:10:52.070]It's easy to work with, easy to put on,
[01:10:54.865]actually easy for the applicator also.
[01:10:58.610]But in some instances we use powdered rotenone.
[01:11:02.084]Powdered rotenone is about 25% of the cost
[01:11:04.920]of liquid rotenone now,
[01:11:06.880]but there are special methods to apply powder rotenone,
[01:11:10.950]and especially in PPEs that you to wear
[01:11:13.660]to avoid inhaling the dust.
[01:11:15.650]Powdered rotenone simply what it implies, it's a powder,
[01:11:18.390]it's a five to 7% powder,
[01:11:20.660]it's put on at the same application rate
[01:11:22.970]in terms of parts per million
[01:11:25.000]as the liquid formulation is,
[01:11:27.840]but we use a suction system or a Venturi system
[01:11:32.770]based on a Utah design.
[01:11:34.960]State of Utah has been in the forefront of this
[01:11:38.750]very specific on how to put this in.
[01:11:41.220]I know you can read on the internet,
[01:11:42.720]they talk about,
[01:11:43.553]you can put it in a burlap bag and drive around,
[01:11:45.350]dragging around the lake, things like that.
[01:11:46.940]And that'd probably be pretty well effective,
[01:11:49.460]but in order to save money on large scale renovations,
[01:11:53.170]it's probably best to use some powdered.
[01:11:55.240]Also the fish don't seem to detect the powder
[01:11:57.970]like they do the carriers
[01:11:59.190]that are involved with the liquid rotenone.
[01:12:01.500]So sometimes we'll use liquid around the edges
[01:12:03.870]and then put the powder in the middle
[01:12:05.210]after we drive them into the middle of the lake.
[01:12:07.360]But if anybody is thinking about using
[01:12:09.070]powdered rotenone, check with us here at the game and parks,
[01:12:12.440]and we can give you our techniques
[01:12:14.610]and our expertise on dealing with powder.
[01:12:17.240]The other thing that a new technique has been developed
[01:12:20.010]here lately is called, low dose rotenone treatment.
[01:12:23.330]And that is basically if you're targeting certain species
[01:12:25.893]that that can be killed with rotenone with a very low level.
[01:12:29.890]And we're talking nine to 10 parts per billion
[01:12:33.410]and species like white perch, gizzard shad,
[01:12:35.860]even common carp can be killed
[01:12:37.500]with the very low dose amount of rotenone.
[01:12:41.260]And what that does is it saves you from killing
[01:12:44.200]all the fish in a lake,
[01:12:45.990]even though sport fish that you don't
[01:12:47.560]necessarily want to target.
[01:12:49.750]And you just say,
[01:12:50.583]you want to wipe out to try to get the gizzard shad
[01:12:53.010]under control and wipe them out
[01:12:54.410]and kill some common carp and white pertch things.
[01:12:58.660]There's a lot of calculations and data needed to do a
[01:13:01.480]successful low dose operation,
[01:13:03.900]but it is a valuable technique that we're looking at here
[01:13:07.030]in the future and,
[01:13:08.450]and doing it this time in certain lakes in Nebraska,
[01:13:11.440]but involves a very good volumetric data on a lake.
[01:13:15.000]So you gotta have a good lake map of it
[01:13:17.300]and the average depth, and,
[01:13:18.680]and then you have to apply the rotenone very slowly,
[01:13:21.930]very evenly at the different depth,
[01:13:24.230]different sections and dilute it perhaps two or 300 to one.
[01:13:28.000]So you don't develop any hotspots.
[01:13:30.100]And there's still a chance
[01:13:31.420]you're gonna get some non target kill.
[01:13:33.740]You might see some catfish and property wildlife stuff like
[01:13:36.930]that would be killed with it.
[01:13:38.630]But for the most part,
[01:13:39.790]we're just targeting certain sensitive species for that.
[01:13:42.910]So that's something that's new on the horizon.
[01:13:45.800]And we've been working with
[01:13:46.950]and shows a lot of promise going forward.
[01:13:49.810]Another technique to use if you've got inflow
[01:13:52.150]or seeps coming into a body of water again,
[01:13:54.730]we've got it drawn down.
[01:13:55.790]So we don't have an outflow,
[01:13:56.880]but you need to treat some seep areas,
[01:13:58.580]or perhaps a little stream that's coming in
[01:14:01.230]is a drip station.
[01:14:02.550]And that simply is putting a steel barrel
[01:14:04.576]with a PVC stand pipe on it, with a ball valve on it.
[01:14:08.760]So you can calculate or drip,
[01:14:11.010]the right amount of chemical to treat that water
[01:14:14.580]and keep it toxic.
[01:14:15.550]So as it enters that water body,
[01:14:17.560]you're trying to treat fish,
[01:14:18.930]don't have a source of fresh water
[01:14:21.240]where they can get by and escape the renovation.
[01:14:23.910]There's some calculations to do on that for flowing water.
[01:14:27.880]A lot of times they're on the label,
[01:14:31.040]on these rotenone containers, or you can find those online,
[01:14:34.800]but it's pretty simple calculation to do,
[01:14:37.010]shoot for your three to five parts per million treatment.
[01:14:39.910]The duration of time you want to treat
[01:14:41.530]whether it's 10 or 12 hours,
[01:14:43.490]and then put the desire to monitor chemical
[01:14:45.227]and the barrel fill the rest of it up with water,
[01:14:47.620]calibrate your drip tube by your valve valve.
[01:14:51.598]And that's simply you can do with a stopwatch,
[01:14:54.620]in a graduated container.
[01:14:56.720]And once you get things calibrated
[01:14:58.850]and set up all you got to do is set that barrel
[01:15:00.850]there over that water and have it set right
[01:15:03.380]and walk away for 12 hours and that'll do its job.
[01:15:06.760]So again, if you need help
[01:15:08.040]with some of the calculations and expertise on that,
[01:15:11.668]the guys at the game and parks fishery divisions,
[01:15:14.390]would be glad to help you out on that.
[01:15:17.169]One of the last things we want to cover other PPEs
[01:15:19.318]or personal protective equipment needed for rotenone.
[01:15:22.030]And remember the label is a law.
[01:15:23.950]So read the label carefully.
[01:15:27.106]And when working with concentrated rotenone,
[01:15:29.120]whether it's liquid or powder,
[01:15:30.950]you have to wear a respirator,
[01:15:33.200]make sure you're not breathing that stuff up.
[01:15:34.597]And there are certain requirements on the type of cartridge
[01:15:37.110]and filter you have to put in that, it's on the label.
[01:15:39.560]Read that carefully.
[01:15:40.400]When you go to your local ag supply dealer
[01:15:43.360]and look for a respirator,
[01:15:45.440]make sure you get the proper cartridges on that.
[01:15:48.030]They other thing you want to wear,
[01:15:49.040]chemical resistant gloves.
[01:15:50.750]Make sure you don't get any of that stuff on your hands.
[01:15:53.110]Be careful of that, you want to wear long sleeves,
[01:15:55.440]long pants, rubber boots, and keep that stuff off you.
[01:15:59.670]If you get any of the rotenone on you,
[01:16:02.226]change your clothes.
[01:16:05.212]And if you get a lot of it on you,
[01:16:06.045]get soiled pretty good with it.
[01:16:07.310]I change my clothes immediately.
[01:16:09.290]If not wait until the end of the day,
[01:16:11.790]you can actually wash that off too.
[01:16:13.920]With some clean water while you're out there,
[01:16:17.260]working with this chemical,
[01:16:18.340]the best thing is to keep it off you,
[01:16:20.798]at the end of the day,
[01:16:21.753]wash those clothes separately from the rest of the laundry.
[01:16:23.420]So you don't get any of that chemical on your other clothes.
[01:16:26.120]Other things that you have to worry about
[01:16:28.440]when handling a rotenone
[01:16:30.840]and this is with the concentrated liquid chemical
[01:16:37.081]and with the powder,
[01:16:38.410]you have to wear some type of eye protection.
[01:16:40.970]You'd have to wear goggles,
[01:16:42.270]or I kind of prefer the face shield with the hard hat
[01:16:46.740]in case there is any splash coming off of that.
[01:16:49.760]You won't get that on your scalp or on your hat or anything,
[01:16:52.920]but you have to wear some eye protection with that.
[01:16:55.650]Once you, when you're dealing with liquid,
[01:16:59.640]once you mix the chemical,
[01:17:02.210]and this is why we put it in tanks on our boat
[01:17:04.100]and mix the liquid rotenone with water,
[01:17:06.050]it relaxes some of those PPE requirements.
[01:17:08.940]In other words, you don't have to have a
[01:17:10.240]respirator on at that time.
[01:17:11.810]So when we're out in the boat, applying chemical,
[01:17:14.070]we don't have to wear a respirator all day.
[01:17:16.050]If you're applying powder, that's a different story.
[01:17:18.030]You have to continue to wear your respirator.
[01:17:20.890]But always, always encourage people to wear eye protection,
[01:17:24.100]wear their gloves.
[01:17:25.350]And like I said, long sleeves and long pants
[01:17:28.060]and protect yourself while you're out there.
[01:17:30.200]But read the label, it'll tell you on there,
[01:17:32.420]what you need to use, the label's of law.
[01:17:34.960]So in summary,
[01:17:35.970]we've talked about the different techniques of applying
[01:17:38.410]rotenone, which is effective chemical for killing fish,
[01:17:41.620]talked about drip stations.
[01:17:42.950]We've talked about using liquid.
[01:17:44.240]We talked about using powder.
[01:17:45.980]We talked about applying it with our carp cannon,
[01:17:48.260]one of our favorite tools.
[01:17:49.920]And we talked about the PPEs and protecting yourself.
[01:17:54.590]Also, I just want to remind you in summary,
[01:17:56.760]that you cannot use rotenone without permission
[01:17:59.530]from the game and parks commission.
[01:18:01.160]And also there are certain requirements for keeping records,
[01:18:06.990]if you use this chemical.
[01:18:09.414]And that's probably covered in some other sections,
[01:18:11.970]of your initial and recertification training,
[01:18:14.470]but don't forget to keep your records,
[01:18:16.070]get permission from game and parks
[01:18:17.570]before you put the chemical on.
[01:18:19.350]And we'd be glad to give you our expertise
[01:18:21.920]to make a renovation successful for you.
[01:18:25.449](soft music playing)
[01:18:33.770]Hello, I am Libby Smith,
[01:18:35.330]the pesticide certification specialist for
[01:18:37.440]the Nebraska Department of Agriculture.
[01:18:39.640]I'm here today to go over with you,
[01:18:41.350]a few of the laws and regulations
[01:18:43.270]in regards to the aquatic pest control category.
[01:18:46.766]First off, who needs a license?
[01:18:49.590]Anyone who is applying restricted use products
[01:18:51.930]to an aquatic site,
[01:18:53.230]will be required to hold a pesticide applicator license
[01:18:56.290]with the O5 aquatic certification.
[01:18:59.050]There are three types of licenses available in Nebraska,
[01:19:02.260]commercial, non-commercial and private.
[01:19:04.670]Which does not apply for aquatic sites.
[01:19:10.020]What is the difference between a commercial
[01:19:11.490]and non-commercial license?
[01:19:13.080]A commercial license is required by anyone
[01:19:15.750]who will be doing work to the property of another,
[01:19:18.250]for hire or compensation,
[01:19:20.360]while a non-commercial license is for those
[01:19:22.870]who will be applying products strictly on property
[01:19:25.240]owned or leased by their employers.
[01:19:27.430]While both of these are individual licenses
[01:19:30.060]in both situations,
[01:19:31.770]the non-commercial license is specific to an employer,
[01:19:35.150]and you must notify NDA.
[01:19:36.850]If your employer changes.
[01:19:38.550]An example of this would be going from working to
[01:19:41.190]from parks and recs to the natural resource districts,
[01:19:44.660]or perhaps switching jobs from one golf course to another.
[01:19:50.650]There are a variety of targeted pests
[01:19:53.620]for the aquatic pesticide applique
[01:19:55.320]that would require an aquatic pesticide application,
[01:19:58.850]such as vegetation, phragmites, or cattails,
[01:20:02.710]algae, undesirable, fish species, and invasive species,
[01:20:07.150]such as zebra or quagga mussels.
[01:20:11.810]There are also a variety of aquatic sites,
[01:20:14.910]site applications, such as rivers, irrigation canals,
[01:20:18.380]ponds, lakes, drainage ditches,
[01:20:20.600]and virtually any site with surface water present.
[01:20:26.240]Knowing your application site
[01:20:27.650]and your product is very important.
[01:20:29.730]Even though some products may have
[01:20:31.320]the exact same active ingredients,
[01:20:33.490]such as short clear, and Roundup,
[01:20:35.510]both which contain glyphosate,
[01:20:37.510]short clear is safe for aquatic sites.
[01:20:39.640]While the Roundup label specifically states,
[01:20:42.507]"Do not apply directly to water."
[01:20:44.900]This is due to the products,
[01:20:47.885]in our ingredients being different.
[01:20:50.040]Which brings us to my next topic.
[01:20:52.250]The label is the law.
[01:20:53.960]And there is a statement on every label
[01:20:55.960]provided by the EPA that states:
[01:20:57.877]"It is a federal violation of federal law to use
[01:21:01.120]this product in a manner inconsistent with the labeling."
[01:21:04.760]It is the applicator's responsibility to read,
[01:21:07.400]understand and follow the label directions
[01:21:09.730]when applying pesticides.
[01:21:13.360]Label language.
[01:21:14.690]Labels contain both mandatory and suggestive languages,
[01:21:18.670]mandatory words like "must" and "do not"
[01:21:22.529]must be followed according to the label.
[01:21:27.290]Not following these could lead to a label violation.
[01:21:30.840]Suggestive languages, such as "may" and "should",
[01:21:34.900]are more of a suggestion by the manufacturer.
[01:21:39.900]Always store your pesticides in a safe,
[01:21:41.950]secure storage space and in their original containers
[01:21:45.293]in a way that they will not come into contact with water
[01:21:49.650]in the event of a flood or leak spill.
[01:21:55.510]As with every RVP application,
[01:21:59.400]records of the application must be completed
[01:22:01.700]within 48 hours of the application
[01:22:04.170]and be retained for a minimum of three years.
[01:22:07.780]The record requirements have recently been updated
[01:22:10.540]to no longer include target pest, rate of application
[01:22:14.060]and method of disposal.
[01:22:18.720]Along with needing to keep records
[01:22:20.810]in the event of a pesticide complaint or lawsuit.
[01:22:23.390]It is also a useful tool for applicators
[01:22:25.880]to help determine which pesticides are the most efficient,
[01:22:29.400]the amount needed for future orders and to reduce waste.
[01:22:33.340]It can also be provided to hospital staff
[01:22:35.540]in the event of an exposure.
[01:22:39.560]Thank you all for your time and attentiveness.
[01:22:41.600]And if you ever have any questions
[01:22:43.220]or seeking more information
[01:22:44.710]regarding pesticide laws and regulations,
[01:22:46.980]please do not hesitate to call us.
[01:22:49.488](soft music playing)
[01:22:57.980]This concludes recertification training
[01:22:59.890]for the category 05 aquatic pest control.
[01:23:03.090]We hope this video has provided new insights for your work,
[01:23:06.740]as well as offering a review
[01:23:08.260]of important pest management principles.
[01:23:11.120]Visit us anytime at pested.unl.edu
[01:23:14.890]for more information on a variety
[01:23:16.760]of pesticide safety topics.
[01:23:18.760]Thank you for your time and be safe out there.
[01:23:21.862](soft music playing)

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05 Aquatic Pest Control - Recert 2022

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