Soybean Growth Staging

Lindsay Overmyer Author

09/02/2021 Added

119 Plays

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Soybean growth staging provides an overview of staging soybeans (Glycine max) from vegetative emergence to full maturity.

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[00:00:00.305](techno music)
[00:00:09.250]Soybean grow staging.
[00:00:11.460]understanding the growth stages
[00:00:13.100]of soybeans, glycine max, is important
[00:00:15.910]for making optimal management decisions,
[00:00:18.620]including irrigation, pesticide,
[00:00:20.910]and fertilizer applications.
[00:00:23.280]Soybean growth and development is divided
[00:00:25.800]into two main phases,
[00:00:27.820]vegetative stages and reproductive stages.
[00:00:31.080]During vegetative growth, stages are designated with a V
[00:00:35.350]plus the number of trifoliate leaves that have emerged.
[00:00:39.270]After there is an open flower on the plant,
[00:00:42.500]the soybean has reached reproductive stages.
[00:00:46.250]These stages are designated with an R
[00:00:49.240]and proceed through flowering,
[00:00:51.350]pod set, seed fill, and maturity.
[00:00:54.150]As soon as the soybean seed germinates
[00:00:56.480]and the cotyledons push above the soil surface,
[00:01:00.080]this stage is vegetative emergence, or VE.
[00:01:04.540]The first leaves to emerge are a pair of unifoliate leaves
[00:01:08.520]and this is the vegetative cotyledon stage, or VC.
[00:01:13.670]As the unit foliage leaves are fully expanding,
[00:01:16.420]the next leaves, or trifoliate leaves, begin to emerge.
[00:01:20.920]Trifoliate leaves consists of three leaflets
[00:01:23.950]and each trifoliate emerges
[00:01:26.440]from a different node on the main stem.
[00:01:29.360]The following vegetative stages are based
[00:01:32.090]on the number of unfolded trifoliate leaves,
[00:01:35.010]V1 V2, V3, and so forth.
[00:01:39.160]This is a V4 soybean plant,
[00:01:41.940]as four unfolded trifoliates are observed.
[00:01:46.420]The total number of trifoliates is dependent
[00:01:49.700]on the soybean variety and environmental conditions.
[00:01:54.220]Reproductive stages begin at flowering
[00:01:57.060]and continue through pod and seed development
[00:01:59.850]and to maturity.
[00:02:01.660]Reproductive stage one, or R1,
[00:02:04.440]marks the beginning of flowering,
[00:02:06.720]when one open flower is present
[00:02:09.920]at any node on the main stem.
[00:02:12.930]Full bloom, or R2, occurs when there is an open flower
[00:02:17.540]at one of the two upper most nodes on the main stem,
[00:02:21.810]with a fully- developed trifoliate leaf node.
[00:02:25.810]When the first pod at one of the four upper most nodes
[00:02:29.350]on the main stem is 3/16 inch
[00:02:32.450]or five millimeters in length,
[00:02:34.600]pod development, or R3 begins.
[00:02:37.820]Full pod, or R4, occurs on one pod is 3/4 inch
[00:02:43.110]or two centimeters long at one of the four upper most nodes
[00:02:48.270]on the main stem.
[00:02:49.860]The soybean plant begins see development at R5,
[00:02:53.670]when the seed is 1/8 inch or three millimeters in length
[00:02:57.960]in a pod at of the four upper most nodes
[00:03:01.030]on the main stem.
[00:03:02.670]At full seed, or R6,
[00:03:04.500]pods at one of the upper most four nodes
[00:03:08.220]will contain green seeds that fill the pod cavity.
[00:03:11.870]The plant begins maturity, or R7 stage,
[00:03:15.213]when the first normal pod on the main stem
[00:03:18.350]has reached its mature color.
[00:03:20.560]This is normally brown or tan, depending on the variety.
[00:03:24.090]The last growth stage, R8, is full maturity,
[00:03:27.900]when 95% of the pods have reached their mature pod color.
[00:03:32.870]After reaching R8, soybeans are ready to be harvested
[00:03:36.530]when moisture is at 15% or below.
[00:03:40.690]This typically takes five to ten days of drying weather.
[00:03:44.980]Understanding these growth stages
[00:03:46.940]and being able to distinguish between them
[00:03:49.890]will allow for more timely
[00:03:51.880]and effective management decisions.
[00:03:54.493](techno music)

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Tags:
soybean growth
soybean
glycine max
soybean growth staging

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Soybean Growth Staging

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