Nebraska 4-H "Aspects of Ag" - Dairy

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08/31/2021 Added

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Nebraska 4-H "Aspects of Ag" - Dairy Melisa Konecky, Nebraska Extension 4-H Assistant

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[00:00:14.040]Welcome! My name
[00:00:14.960]is Melisa Konecky and I work for the University of Nebraska Extension.
[00:00:18.500]And you are in this session today and we are going to talk about dairy.
[00:00:21.830]Most people are really familiar with the word, um,
[00:00:24.140]but don't know exactly what it means.
[00:00:26.030]So the cool thing is we live in Nebraska and you've probably driven down the
[00:00:29.030]road and seen cows out in a field, out in a pen, something along those lines.
[00:00:34.190]But did you know that there's actually two types of cows in the state of
[00:00:37.490]Nebraska? They have two totally separate jobs.
[00:00:40.880]The one that you're going to see most often is called a beef cow.
[00:00:44.480]And you'll learn about that in a different presentation.
[00:00:46.970]The one I'm going to talk about today is a dairy cow.
[00:00:49.550]The dairy cow is the one that you're going to see. For example,
[00:00:52.910]on a Chick-fil-A commercial, they're typically black and white,
[00:00:55.880]but there's actually seven different breeds of dairy cows, all various colors.
[00:01:00.770]So we're going to jump right into that.
[00:01:03.920]So we've got the seven breeds of dairy cows, like I said,
[00:01:06.920]the black and white one is the most common that's called a Holstein.
[00:01:10.550]Can you say the word Holstein? Perfect.
[00:01:13.730]So that's actually the biggest breed and makes up about 85% of all
[00:01:18.560]dairy cows in the United States.
[00:01:20.570]The next most common is actually going to be a Jersey.
[00:01:23.390]You can see there there's smaller brown cows. They have black faces,
[00:01:26.690]black tails, black feet. Um, they are the second most common,
[00:01:29.990]but they're actually the smallest in stature.
[00:01:32.810]The other breeds will include the red and white Holstein, the Ayrshire,
[00:01:37.550]the Brown Swiss, the Guernsey and the Milking Shorthorns.
[00:01:41.120]All of those cows are cows that we use to produce milk.
[00:01:45.560]So if you had milk today with your breakfast or your lunch,
[00:01:50.750]how did it get there? How did it get into your refrigerator?
[00:01:55.070]How did he get to your school? That's the question? Well,
[00:01:58.640]the cool thing about dairy products are it takes about 48 hours or
[00:02:03.440]two days for milk to leave the farm,
[00:02:06.470]to get into the grocery store or your refrigerator. That's it two days,
[00:02:11.060]what a cool thing. So the milk starts out at the farm with the cows.
[00:02:14.720]That's where they live. It's where they spend all their time.
[00:02:18.050]Cows are going to get melts anywhere from two to three times each day.
[00:02:22.940]And we don't milk with our hands anymore. We actually use machines.
[00:02:25.940]The reasons we're going to use machines are that it's faster and it's cleaner.
[00:02:30.050]Both of those are very, very important.
[00:02:32.600]So the cows are going to be milked twice a day.
[00:02:35.300]All of that milk will come out of the cow and be put into a large
[00:02:39.920]bulk tank or holding tank where it's going to get stored and cooled.
[00:02:45.050]Obviously, when we, we, when we drink milk, we want it to be nice,
[00:02:48.890]cold and refreshing. So that tank has to be nice and cool
[00:02:53.930]about every couple hours to every other day, depending on the farm,
[00:02:58.040]the milk will be picked up by a giant truck. The truck,
[00:03:01.150]then we'll take the milk to the processing plant.
[00:03:04.900]What happens at the processing plant? Well, that milk will either.
[00:03:09.070]The first thing that's going to happen is it gets pasteurized.
[00:03:11.590]Pasteurization is a process that was invented hundreds of years ago, uh,
[00:03:16.330]where we take the milk, we heat it up to about 161 degrees for 15 seconds,
[00:03:21.370]and we immediately cool it back down.
[00:03:23.650]All this does is kill any possible bacteria that is in the milk.
[00:03:28.210]Not that there is any,
[00:03:29.830]but if there was it's been killed and that milk is totally safe to drink,
[00:03:34.420]pasteurization is a great thing.
[00:03:36.760]Then that milk will go through and either become all of the products that we
[00:03:40.660]love,
[00:03:41.560]or it'll get bottled into a bottle and be taken to a store or grocery
[00:03:46.440]store or your school.
[00:03:48.210]So once those have been either processed into products or put in jugs,
[00:03:53.100]obviously then they make their way into the store,
[00:03:55.200]which is where you're going to pick them up.
[00:03:57.390]But before we get ahead of ourselves,
[00:03:59.610]let's go ahead and talk about what some of these dairy products are,
[00:04:03.000]who can name some dairy products that are made almost entirely from milk that I
[00:04:07.380]could buy at the grocery store.
[00:04:11.070]So some of those products obviously will be milk, cheese,
[00:04:16.170]yogurt, ice, cream, cream, cheese, cottage, cheese,
[00:04:21.600]sour cream. Is there any more than I'm missing Greg?
[00:04:26.130]I work a lot of people ask questions about the milk that you buy at the store,
[00:04:30.630]all up, all types of milk, whether it be whole 1%,
[00:04:34.560]2% or skim do come from a cow,
[00:04:38.100]but does chocolate milk come from brown cows?
[00:04:43.710]It does not all milk that comes out of all cows,
[00:04:47.190]regardless of their breed or their color is white.
[00:04:50.160]That chocolate or that flavoring is added once they get to the processing plant.
[00:04:56.640]But we know that the most important part of this whole thing is the dairy cows.
[00:05:00.450]So what is the day in the life of a cow look like? So, as you can see,
[00:05:04.650]a cow is actually going to spend most of her time over half of her day,
[00:05:08.520]just resting and napping, what a great life.
[00:05:11.670]So she's going to be hanging out with all of her cow friends, um, sleeping,
[00:05:16.530]napping, running around,
[00:05:18.330]doing whatever she would like the next part of her day.
[00:05:22.020]Next largest part of her day is going to be eating.
[00:05:25.380]Cows are going to eat about 90 pounds of feed every day. That's just one cow.
[00:05:30.630]So that's the equivalent of about 480 cheeseburgers.
[00:05:34.830]That's a lot. So next she's eating a lot,
[00:05:38.790]but it's also important that she drink a lot of water cows,
[00:05:41.520]drink water to make milk.
[00:05:43.530]So she's going to drink anywhere from 30 to 50 gallons of water
[00:05:48.390]every single day. That's about if you fill up your bathtub full to the top,
[00:05:52.260]that's how much one cow would drink in one day.
[00:05:55.110]The last part of her day is going to be spent just milking or waiting to be
[00:05:59.660]milked. Well, it doesn't take much time. Sometimes it's like,
[00:06:02.450]when you're waiting to use the bathroom, you got to wait and be patient.
[00:06:05.360]So she's gotta be patient before she can get milked. So cows have a,
[00:06:09.350]really a pretty great life.
[00:06:13.570]So what are you drinking? You know,
[00:06:16.300]we go to the grocery store and there's all these types of milk. Okay.
[00:06:19.540]So let's talk about the very first one here.
[00:06:22.480]It says that it contains milk vitamins
[00:06:27.310]and it costs about 2 49 per half gallon.
[00:06:30.910]That's going to be milk that comes from what animal,
[00:06:35.320]a cow. Great job. Now,
[00:06:37.540]what makes you it more confusing is that there's also different things now
[00:06:41.120]called soy milk, almond milk and coconut milk. Do those come from cows?
[00:06:48.170]The answer is no, they do not.
[00:06:50.780]So really the main ingredient in most of those other milks is going to be water
[00:06:55.790]and then either byproducts from corn or coconut
[00:07:00.260]almonds or soybeans.
[00:07:02.270]So there is no cows milk in any of those other milks.
[00:07:06.650]And as you can see,
[00:07:07.370]they're actually more expensive and they contain more ingredients.
[00:07:10.730]So basic is best. And the cows milk is always a great choice.
[00:07:18.430]Lastly, we'll talk about a little bit of,
[00:07:20.500]the technology that's been used within the industry. As we can see,
[00:07:24.670]there has been many great inventions, in terms of pasteurization,
[00:07:29.470]machines,
[00:07:30.220]did you know that they used to bring milk to your door once a week?
[00:07:35.050]And he was literally called the milk, man. He would bring milk to your door.
[00:07:38.440]How crazy is that? Now we get it at the grocery store,
[00:07:41.740]but there's so many cool things that the dairy industry has done in order to be
[00:07:45.520]more sustainable and more efficient at what we do.
[00:07:49.120]A couple of those things include something like a cow Fitbit.
[00:07:53.440]So basically Fitbit, just like the humans have a,
[00:07:57.130]it does go on their feet and it tracks their steps, their activity for the day.
[00:08:01.870]and anything else,
[00:08:03.190]how many times they were up at the bunk eating how many times they were laying
[00:08:06.490]down. All of that actually will write up a report and send to the farmers,
[00:08:11.440]iPhone or computer where he can look and see and determine whether or
[00:08:16.270]not that cow is feeling sick or she needs to be checked. Um,
[00:08:20.950]because cows are creatures of habit.
[00:08:22.570]So if something changes within her daily routine,
[00:08:25.360]that typically means something is wrong.
[00:08:27.520]So it's a great way for us to be able to more efficiently monitor our
[00:08:32.500]cows. Another really cool thing is the use of robots.
[00:08:36.280]So there actually are robotic milkers. Now that are being used,
[00:08:39.910]there are some right here in Nebraska. They're very, very cool.
[00:08:43.510]They were required, no human hands.
[00:08:46.000]The cows actually walk into the robotic milker.
[00:08:49.570]And then the robot will clean them off,
[00:08:52.750]pre prep, them milking hookup, the machines,
[00:08:57.420]take the machines off and then let the cow out.
[00:09:00.000]It also checks how many times the cow comes in,
[00:09:02.820]how much milk she produces and things along those lines. It's a really,
[00:09:06.750]really cool thing that has saved a lot of dairy farms, um,
[00:09:11.010]from needing more help into hiring more people.
[00:09:14.040]So those are just a couple of the cool new technologies that are within the
[00:09:18.540]dairy industry. So now, you know, a little bit more about dairy.
[00:09:23.340]It is here in Nebraska, which is awesome.
[00:09:26.310]You'll probably see a farm you've probably seen a farm. You probably will.
[00:09:29.820]So make sure though,
[00:09:30.660]when you go to the grocery store that you look for those dairy items,
[00:09:33.840]they are delicious. They are incredibly nutritious and good for you.
[00:09:38.070]And always going to be a great option. So if you have any questions,
[00:09:41.520]just let me know. Thanks.

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Nebraska 4-H "Aspects of Ag" - Dairy

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