Oilseed Fatty Acid Modification For Biofuel And Aquaculture Feed

Marcus Abrams Jr Author

08/01/2021 Added

16 Plays

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Comparing fatty acid composition between the modified and wild type of the seed to determine if there is a yield increase.

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[00:00:00.900]Hello. My name is Marcus Abrams, Jr.
[00:00:03.210]And I am from the university of Alabama, a and M.
[00:00:06.450]And I had the pleasure of working with the university of Lincoln, Nebraska.
[00:00:09.630]This summer, I shall be presenting today,
[00:00:12.300]OilSeed Fatty Acid Modification For Biofuels and Aquaculture
[00:00:20.900]So the reasoning behind the experimentations were to test the fatty
[00:00:25.520]acid between both the modified in the wild types of
[00:00:30.410]soybeans and the camelina seeds.
[00:00:33.260]The soybean seeds were used for the agriculture feed. However,
[00:00:37.700]the camelina seeds are used for bio jet fuel production.
[00:00:41.960]The second reasoning behind the experimentation was to compare sea types to
[00:00:47.000]toward their wild counterpart,
[00:00:48.680]to determine if there was a significant rise in the yield.
[00:00:54.650]So here we have an in a example of a wild type seed
[00:00:59.300]in the engineered soybean,
[00:01:02.000]the wild type seed is on the left while the engineered is on the right,
[00:01:07.010]the wild type on the left is not suited for agriculture feed while the,
[00:01:11.510]while the modified on the right, is it the modified,
[00:01:16.670]the modified appears red due to the pigmentation that was added.
[00:01:21.080]And it is a gene that is just being expressed by the seed.
[00:01:25.160]And this in turn helps the developing fish
[00:01:29.600]develop that color or that pigmentation towards them.
[00:01:34.940]This picture on the right, however, is a picture of a camelina plant.
[00:01:39.200]And this is just to help get a feel of how a camelina
[00:01:44.060]planet appears.
[00:01:47.690]So here we are able to see the analysis of the fatty
[00:01:52.610]acids.
[00:01:54.050]We take the vegetable oil known as triacylglycerol,
[00:01:59.090]and we convert that into fatty acid,
[00:02:01.490]methyl esters also known as FAME.
[00:02:05.640]The triacylglycerol was extracted from the soybeans and from the camelina plant.
[00:02:10.850]They both start off in experimentation the same, but they have,
[00:02:15.890]different, they take different paths toward,
[00:02:20.420]towards the end.
[00:02:22.730]The vegetable oil is then converted by transesterification
[00:02:27.260]to the fatty acid methyl esters that is
[00:02:32.150]able to be, represented by this diagram on the right.
[00:02:36.260]It shows the
[00:02:39.830]it shows the fatty acid, methyl esters being,
[00:02:44.780]taken apart. And they are,
[00:02:47.360]then we are then able to add the glycerol,
[00:02:52.370]to them.
[00:02:54.260]And then they are then ran through this machine.
[00:02:58.670]That is the lift. This machine on the lift is known as the
[00:03:02.050]the gas chromatograph, and this machine.
[00:03:06.460]It analyzes the peak areas that allow me to go
[00:03:10.930]back and then analyze that data.
[00:03:17.130]So here we are able to see that the picture on the right is a picture of a
[00:03:21.330]soybean and the soybeans that
[00:03:26.310]are grown out in the wild.
[00:03:28.050]They are not suitable for our fish farms while the soybeans that we
[00:03:32.940]are modifying,
[00:03:34.500]we are hoping to develop a perfect soybean oil for the aquaculture
[00:03:39.270]feed,
[00:03:40.440]the normal wild type seed.
[00:03:44.640]It lacks the fish oil,
[00:03:47.490]omega three fatty acids known as EPA and DHA.
[00:03:51.750]And it also lacks the flesh pigments while the
[00:03:57.450]genetically modified soybeans.
[00:04:00.210]It has both EPA and DHA, and it,
[00:04:04.750]it presents that pigment in the form of color.
[00:04:09.330]So in our instance, our pigment is Red
[00:04:14.100]We are able to see that there are
[00:04:18.810]significant peaks between both seed types
[00:04:23.460]While this graph on the right here,
[00:04:27.600]we are able to see the red soybean is actually producing the EPA while the,
[00:04:32.250]while the wild type is not.
[00:04:34.710]And that is a significant improvement from
[00:04:39.840]0.7 to just zero is a small improvement,
[00:04:43.500]but it is a steady rise.
[00:04:45.360]And it shows a sign that we are going in the right
[00:04:49.950]direction here on this chart,
[00:04:52.710]we are able to see that we are measuring between different
[00:04:57.840]types of fatty acid oils of the fatty
[00:05:02.640]acid compositions. And we are measuring the red soy
[00:05:07.620]which are blue to the wild type that are orange.
[00:05:12.270]On the vertical line. We are,
[00:05:15.990]the vertical line represents the fatty acid composition.
[00:05:23.100]We are able to see here,
[00:05:26.460]we are able to see the vitamin E known as Tocopherol
[00:05:30.060]and Tocotrienol. The top,
[00:05:34.440]the top line shows the wild type, not the wild type.
[00:05:38.430]It shows the genetically modified type that we have
[00:05:43.380]engineered to produce the Tocotrienol
[00:05:45.540]while the wild type only
[00:05:50.490]produces the tocopherol.
[00:05:52.980]the Tocotrienol is then used to
[00:05:57.710]to prevent oxidation within the seed.
[00:06:02.240]this chart also shows a total of the vitamin E
[00:06:06.830]content as a significant increase compared to the wild type.
[00:06:13.880]All right, now, we are moving on to the camelina plant here.
[00:06:17.780]The cameilna plant
[00:06:20.000]it has potential for the biofuel production and its oil seed.
[00:06:24.500]It can be grown in large quantities where as fossil fuels,
[00:06:28.970]we will eventually run out of them. One day, the camelina plants,
[00:06:33.230]we can constantly replant and reharvest,
[00:06:37.130]so they are a sustainable source of biodiesel and bio jet fuel
[00:06:41.240]here.
[00:06:42.200]The goal was to engineer a camelina seed with different carbon chain
[00:06:46.970]links for the biofuel production.
[00:06:52.070]And here we are able to see by both graphs,
[00:06:56.450]there are significant peaks.
[00:06:59.480]So for instance, with this green bar,
[00:07:03.710]this green bar here represents high oleic.
[00:07:07.220]the high oleic bond,
[00:07:11.180]and here we are able to compare that to the wild type,
[00:07:14.690]which is this bar to the right of that.
[00:07:17.660]And as we can tell the high oleic has a 70% increase,
[00:07:22.610]which would in that seed type, that's what we were hoping to accomplish.
[00:07:28.070]So this chart overall just shows that there are,
[00:07:32.450]there are promising signs showing that we are able to genetically
[00:07:37.010]modify the fatty acid composition in the engineered Camelina seeds
[00:07:41.720]compared to the wild type seeds.
[00:07:44.240]And this chart on the bottom here shows the total
[00:07:49.130]fatty acid content of the engineered camelina seeds.
[00:07:52.970]So the Y axis is represents
[00:07:57.830]the fatty acid content.
[00:08:01.190]Where as the X axis is actually show the different seed
[00:08:07.770]the different types of fatty acids that we were trying to produce,
[00:08:13.070]which as we can tell,
[00:08:14.780]it still shows promising signs that we're able to significantly
[00:08:19.220]differ them from the wild type seeds,
[00:08:21.740]such as C10 compared to the wild type,
[00:08:25.040]where as the wild type is looking to be around 250 ish,
[00:08:30.440]the C10 is around is around 110,
[00:08:34.580]which that is still a promising sign showing that we are able
[00:08:39.470]to genetically modify the fatty acid contents inside of the camelina seed
[00:08:44.210]types.
[00:08:47.360]And then I just like to finish off by summarizing
[00:08:52.070]here that the soybean seeds were engineered to produce the
[00:08:56.850]fatty acid EPA that contain increased vitamin
[00:09:01.650]E antioxodent content, which we are showing a promising sign.
[00:09:06.690]And the Camelina seed was successfully engineered
[00:09:12.030]the fatty acids with different carbon lengths
[00:09:17.580]and both of these results.
[00:09:21.330]show promising signs that progressing towards the future,
[00:09:24.750]we should be able to produce soybean oil for agriculture feed and
[00:09:29.730]Camelina oil for bio jet fuel.
[00:09:34.570]And then I'd just like to close out today by just thanking Dr. Edgar
[00:09:38.400]Cahoon, Dr. Hyojin Kim Dr. Kiyoul Park, Dr.
[00:09:42.720]Timothy Nicodemus, and Tristen Mier.
[00:09:46.890]They all helped me throughout the project.
[00:09:49.620]And I'd just like to give them all a big thanks. Thank you for your time.
[00:09:53.820]And I hope you enjoyed

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Oilseed Fatty Acid Modification For Biofuel And Aquaculture Feed

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