Promoting Parent-Child Interaction and Parenting Efficacy During Early Childhood: What Support Strategies are Used by Teachers During Home Visits?

Evelyn Estrada Gonzalez Author

07/28/2021 Added

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The purpose of this study is to understand how the strategies used by teachers during home visits relate to parent-child behavior and parenting efficacy.

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[00:00:01.560]Hi, my name is Evelyn Estrada Gonzalez and I'll be presenting,
[00:00:05.640]promoting parent-child interaction and parenting efficacy during early childhood.
[00:00:10.470]What support strategies are used by teachers during home visits?
[00:00:14.250]My mentor for this project was Dr. Lisa Knoche there's.
[00:00:18.710]a rapid brain growth that occurs from birth to age three,
[00:00:21.930]which makes it a critical time for human development. Additionally,
[00:00:26.130]there's been an increase in parental employment,
[00:00:28.140]and the use a childcare which has caused children to become exposed to
[00:00:31.830]environments that are not their home before they turn one.
[00:00:35.130]This means that children are interacting with individuals that are not their
[00:00:39.060]parents before they turn one. During this time,
[00:00:43.800]children need stable and responsive relationships in order to have an optimal
[00:00:47.460]development.
[00:00:48.930]One way to ensure that all environments are meeting the children's needs is trough
[00:00:53.400]partnerships. In fact,
[00:00:55.890]teacher parent partnerships can provide a link between the classroom and the
[00:00:59.100]home and can encourage positive parent-child behavior
[00:01:04.020]one way in where partnerships can be introduced is in home visits.
[00:01:08.400]In fact, positive effects,
[00:01:10.260]have been fond between home visiting and parent child interactions,
[00:01:13.500]as well as with maternal self-efficacy and parenting efficacy is one's
[00:01:18.480]perceived ability to exercise positive influence on the behavior and development
[00:01:22.620]of one's children. In this study
[00:01:25.830]I will be exploring the following questions.
[00:01:28.590]What are the strategies used by infant and toddler teachers?
[00:01:32.190]How did the observed strategies used by teachers on home visits relate to the
[00:01:35.730]observed parent child behaviors?
[00:01:38.130]And how did the strategies use teachers during their home visits relate
[00:01:42.360]to parenting efficacy?
[00:01:45.390]All the families and teachers from this study were part of getting ready
[00:01:48.880]intervention,
[00:01:50.100]which is a study that focuses on strengthening relationships between parents and
[00:01:53.670]teachers to promote children's development.
[00:01:57.120]All the families are enrolled in early head start programs for infants and
[00:02:00.990]toddlers of low income for the parent demographic information
[00:02:05.970]about 50% of the sample were white and identify as not Hispanic.
[00:02:10.380]The majority of the parents were female.
[00:02:13.170]And about 28% of the parents had less than a high school diploma while
[00:02:18.180]while 33% of the sample had some college,
[00:02:21.030]but not a degree moving on to the teacher demographic information,
[00:02:26.010]the majority of the teachers were white and identify as not Hispanic and only
[00:02:30.810]about 50% of the teachers had a bachelor's degree or higher.
[00:02:36.150]Only about 65% of the,
[00:02:38.430]of the teachers had a degree in early childhood and overall
[00:02:43.200]teachers, uh, averaged eight years of experience working with young children,
[00:02:48.090]moving on to that measures in order to measure a parenting efficacy.
[00:02:52.260]I used the healthy families parenting inventory.
[00:02:55.380]This is a questionnaire that explores parental wellbeing.
[00:02:58.960]Only the parenting efficacy scale was used
[00:03:03.450]in order to measure the parent child behaviors.
[00:03:06.210]I used a parent caregiver involvement scale.
[00:03:09.270]This was used to code a 15 to 30 minute videos of structured play between the
[00:03:13.530]parent and the child
[00:03:16.590]the scale itself has 11 sub scales,
[00:03:19.530]but in order to analyze the data,
[00:03:22.650]the researchers factor analyzed there, the,
[00:03:27.610]the 11 sub scales into six factors,
[00:03:30.840]such as warmth and sensitivity adaptability and scaffolding,
[00:03:34.920]child's learning. Lastly, in order to measure it,
[00:03:38.940]the strategy used during home visits,
[00:03:41.910]I used the home visiting guide coding guide.
[00:03:45.330]This guide was created by that project itself to code the 60 minute home visit
[00:03:49.560]videos, zero equals a miss opportunity to use this strategy.
[00:03:54.690]And a one equaled that the strategy was used during the home visit.
[00:04:00.090]There are eight total strategies,
[00:04:02.010]including communicating openly and clearly making mutual end joint
[00:04:06.330]decisions and modeling and suggesting. Moving on to
[00:04:11.250]my results for the first question of what strategies were used. Overall,
[00:04:17.910]most of the teachers use this strategy to focus parent's attention on child's
[00:04:21.570]strengths with about 88% of the sample use in it.
[00:04:26.400]Um,
[00:04:27.060]the least common strategy used was to encourage parent-child interactions where
[00:04:31.920]only about 35% of the teachers use it during their home visits.
[00:04:36.780]Moving on to my second question on how did the strategies
[00:04:41.670]relate to the parent child behavior? Overall,
[00:04:46.860]only two of the six parent-child behavior regression analysis models
[00:04:52.290]were statistically or marginally significant.
[00:04:56.160]So only those two are being reported
[00:05:00.120]for the adaptability model. It was statistically significant.
[00:05:04.230]And as you can see,
[00:05:05.790]only the strategy to focus parent's attention on child's strengths was predicted
[00:05:09.660]to parents adaptability
[00:05:11.580]so that more of the strategy to focus parent's attention on child's strengths
[00:05:14.790]was used. The more likely parents were to adapt to child's needs.
[00:05:19.470]Additionally parent's education was also predictive to parents adaptability
[00:05:24.570]So parents with higher education were more likely to adopt to their child's
[00:05:28.860]needs. Moving on to the scaffolding regression model.
[00:05:34.200]The model itself was marginally significant and as
[00:05:37.350]You can see only parents education was predictive to parents scaffolding.
[00:05:41.970]So once again,
[00:05:43.020]parents with higher education or more likely to scaffold to their child
[00:05:47.190]learning. Now, moving to my last question, uh,
[00:05:51.690]how do the strategies teachers use during their home visits relate to the
[00:05:56.400]parenting efficacy levels?
[00:05:58.880]So overall the parenting efficacy regression model itself was
[00:06:03.500]marginally significant. And as you can see,
[00:06:06.560]only a strategy to make mutual and joint decisions was
[00:06:11.170]predictive to parenting efficacy.
[00:06:13.690]So the more the strategy to make mutual and joint decisions was used,
[00:06:19.210]the less efficacious parents felt.
[00:06:21.880]So parents felt less confident in the parenting skills.
[00:06:26.500]The more the strategy to make mutual decision was used.
[00:06:32.500]Additionally parents age was also predictive to parenting efficacy where younger
[00:06:37.450]parents were more likely to have higher parenting efficacy levels.
[00:06:43.150]So overall these results add to the understanding of home visits.
[00:06:47.380]And the use of partnership strategies. Lke previous research.
[00:06:51.580]There were some associations between home visits and parent child interactions.
[00:06:55.690]However,
[00:06:57.100]this was not the case for a for parenting efficacy
[00:07:01.630]as strategy use was negatively associated with parenting efficacy.
[00:07:05.890]This does not align with previous research on home visits.
[00:07:09.370]One possible explanation for this could be that parents felt less confident on
[00:07:13.270]their parenting skills when they had to make a joint decision with,
[00:07:18.600]with another individual on their child's development. However,
[00:07:22.150]more research needs to be explored
[00:07:25.720]Additionally like previous research parents with a higher education were more
[00:07:29.890]likely to show more positive parent-child behaviors.
[00:07:33.460]A future direction could be to explore, uh,
[00:07:38.260]at the implementation effects on teachers who receive training on the getting
[00:07:42.100]ready strategies as this research looked at all teachers,
[00:07:45.760]regardless of any training they received.
[00:07:49.150]I will like to state that this research is supported by an early head start
[00:07:52.750]university partnership grant. I would like to thank Dr.
[00:07:56.410]Lisa Knoche as well as the McNair Program for all the support in this
[00:08:00.160]research. Thank you.

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Promoting Parent-Child Interaction and Parenting Efficacy During Early Childhood: What Support Strategies are Used by Teachers During Home Visits?

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