Planting Green In Soybeans

Amit Jhala Author

07/08/2021 Added

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Planting Green In Soybeans, Field Day, June 2021

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[00:00:00.541](relaxed music)
[00:00:06.310]Hi, my name is Trey Stephens,
[00:00:07.610]and I'm a first year master's student
[00:00:09.440]in the department of agronomy,
[00:00:10.740]focusing on weed science
[00:00:12.010]under the advisor of Dr. Amit Jhala.
[00:00:14.700]And today I'm here
[00:00:15.830]to share with you guys about a research project
[00:00:18.180]that I've started working on this year,
[00:00:19.910]and it's in its first year,
[00:00:21.640]and we're really excited about it.
[00:00:22.750]It's a hot topic,
[00:00:23.970]and it's talking about planting green,
[00:00:27.701]and this specific topic to kind of define it
[00:00:30.080]is planting green soybeans into cereal rye.
[00:00:35.020]And so what that looks like is
[00:00:37.410]there's still an actively growing cereal rye cover crop,
[00:00:39.750]and we plant the soybeans directly into it.
[00:00:42.260]So we really wanna look at that.
[00:00:43.850]It's kind of a relatively new way of using cover crops
[00:00:48.070]and row crops, and it's a project that we really wanted
[00:00:50.850]to take head on this year and look at the differences.
[00:00:53.980]And so, how this project is set up
[00:00:56.820]is there's two different termination timings
[00:00:58.650]of that cereal rye.
[00:00:59.770]So there's a two weeks before planting termination.
[00:01:02.810]So you'll terminate the rye,
[00:01:04.160]and then you'll be planting basically
[00:01:05.540]into some residue of that rye.
[00:01:07.690]And then there's a two weeks after planting
[00:01:09.660]where you'll be planting the soybean
[00:01:11.040]directly into that actively growing cover crop,
[00:01:13.340]and then you'll terminate the rye
[00:01:14.550]two weeks after that planting.
[00:01:16.346]A couple of objectives and a couple of goals
[00:01:18.270]that we really wanna go after in this project
[00:01:20.620]were to look at pre-emergence herbicide interaction
[00:01:24.080]with that actively growing cover crop.
[00:01:26.100]So with that two weeks after planting termination
[00:01:28.180]of the cover crop,
[00:01:29.013]we're gonna be spraying pre-emergent herbicides
[00:01:31.010]directly into actively growing cereal rye,
[00:01:33.700]and we really wanted to look at that interaction.
[00:01:35.540]And then secondly, we want to look at a weed control
[00:01:38.920]with those two different termination timings
[00:01:41.000]and also three different kinds of herbicides systems.
[00:01:43.410]We wanted to look at pres, pres only, posts only,
[00:01:47.490]and then a pre followed by a post system as well.
[00:01:50.050]And we wanted to look at how we could control weeds
[00:01:52.800]with the two weeks before termination timing
[00:01:55.150]and the two weeks after termination timing.
[00:01:57.160]And we also wanted to look at soil properties,
[00:01:59.520]as well as looking at soybean yield,
[00:02:01.260]of course, in this project.
[00:02:03.810]Something important to note also
[00:02:05.570]is this cereal rye was planted in October.
[00:02:08.097]October 16th, I think, was the exact date,
[00:02:10.860]but we planted at pretty high seeding rate.
[00:02:12.860]We planted from 80 to 90 pounds per acre,
[00:02:15.460]and we know that it's probably a lot more
[00:02:16.680]than a lot of producers do, but we did that,
[00:02:18.520]especially for this research, because we know
[00:02:21.250]that we're looking at two different termination timings,
[00:02:23.280]and we wanna make sure if we had a dry spring,
[00:02:25.560]we would still have biomass to be able to compare,
[00:02:27.970]but we had a relatively wet May and temperatures rose.
[00:02:31.670]And so it took off pretty well,
[00:02:33.420]and we had pretty good biomass.
[00:02:35.010]And so that's just something important to note,
[00:02:37.070]especially when we're looking at doing this
[00:02:39.650]on a larger scale.
[00:02:41.280]In this plot, we're looking at Authority Supreme.
[00:02:44.560]It's a pre-emergence herbicide that we laid down,
[00:02:46.950]and denoted here is the two weeks before planting.
[00:02:50.690]So that's what that WBP stands for is weeks before planting.
[00:02:55.470]And we can see that the Authority Supreme
[00:02:58.630]gave some good broadleaf control.
[00:03:01.010]We see the grasses have definitely broken through.
[00:03:03.570]Now, this system is no till.
[00:03:04.648]And so there is quite a bit of residue there,
[00:03:07.150]and we can see that, yeah, the grasses were able
[00:03:09.320]to break through of that pre,
[00:03:10.640]but as we move over,
[00:03:12.040]we're gonna then go onto the same herbicide,
[00:03:14.670]but two weeks after planting
[00:03:16.630]is when this rye was terminated.
[00:03:18.440]And if you look in here, the grass pressure
[00:03:21.350]is not anything in comparison to that.
[00:03:23.870]There is some broadleaf still coming up.
[00:03:25.780]It's probably relatively same control of broadleafs,
[00:03:28.900]but the grasses are a lot farther down,
[00:03:30.980]and you can see the biomass difference of the rye
[00:03:33.560]compared here to over there.
[00:03:35.630]And so this is just a good side-by-side comparison
[00:03:38.320]to allow us to look at same herbicide,
[00:03:40.840]but different termination timings of rye
[00:03:42.810]and how they work on weed suppression.
[00:03:45.950]In this plot here, we're looking at Zidua Pro.
[00:03:48.780]Once again, this plot,
[00:03:50.145]the termination of the rye was two weeks before planting,
[00:03:54.610]and we can see that the broadleaf control,
[00:03:57.170]it started to break a little bit,
[00:03:58.680]and we can see that there's broadleafs coming through.
[00:04:00.690]There's some good sized palmer.
[00:04:02.390]And just to mention, again, there's some good residue here.
[00:04:04.710]So those pres have a tough time
[00:04:06.630]definitely getting through that residue,
[00:04:08.650]but it's actively working on the grass for sure.
[00:04:12.520]We see some good sized palmer breaking through.
[00:04:16.060]And just to reiterate,
[00:04:17.850]this is the two weeks before planting termination,
[00:04:21.200]and we're gonna transfer over here
[00:04:22.890]to the two weeks after planting termination.
[00:04:25.540]And we see
[00:04:27.170]that there's actually some really good weed control.
[00:04:29.490]We don't see any big palmer plants compared over there.
[00:04:32.510]And this plot's actually kind of a funny mistake.
[00:04:35.520]We didn't get to terminate the rye all completely.
[00:04:39.250]And so half of it is terminated.
[00:04:41.010]The other half is now gonna start dying,
[00:04:42.700]but we see that just the good differences in weed control.
[00:04:46.770]And the soybeans themselves,
[00:04:48.992]they look good in this two weeks after planting.
[00:04:51.730]The soybeans have good vigor.
[00:04:53.310]I would say maybe they're one trifoliate behind,
[00:04:56.530]but they're doing really well.
[00:04:57.580]They look good and healthy,
[00:04:59.420]and we just see some tremendous weed control
[00:05:02.750]from this standing cereal rye.
[00:05:05.010]That was terminated two weeks after planting.
[00:05:08.990]In this plot here, we're gonna see Prefix applied
[00:05:11.070]at an early POST at two pints per acre.
[00:05:13.680]This plot itself was terminated
[00:05:15.520]at two weeks before planting.
[00:05:17.520]And we see that the palmer itself
[00:05:19.810]has really been competing hard with the soybeans.
[00:05:23.100]So we see a lot of competition with the beans
[00:05:25.930]in this plot itself.
[00:05:26.950]And then we also have to think about palmer
[00:05:29.180]and its seed bank addition for the next year.
[00:05:31.240]So, not only is this an issue now,
[00:05:33.660]but it's also an issue in the future
[00:05:35.300]where we know palmer can put on a head at any time
[00:05:38.300]and really start to produce seeds.
[00:05:39.840]And so, we see that there's a lot of competition here,
[00:05:42.490]and you definitely wanna get after your weeds
[00:05:45.100]a lot quicker than this,
[00:05:46.270]but we see that there's two weeks before planting.
[00:05:49.210]There wasn't a lot of suppression of weeds.
[00:05:51.280]We have some good growth coming through.
[00:05:53.900]And as we transfer into the next one,
[00:05:55.650]we'll be able to see the two weeks
[00:05:56.900]after planting termination timing.
[00:05:59.020]And here, we can see some differences.
[00:06:01.290]We see that there's not as much palmer.
[00:06:03.251]There's some poking through.
[00:06:04.720]There's a couple of grasses poking through,
[00:06:06.570]but there's not the competition that you saw there.
[00:06:08.640]There's not the height that you saw there.
[00:06:10.570]And we see that the beans, once again,
[00:06:12.180]they look pretty good.
[00:06:14.400]They probably look even better than those,
[00:06:16.160]because of less competition later in the season
[00:06:19.670]after that termination.
[00:06:20.890]So, once again, we get to see the cereal rye going to work,
[00:06:25.050]providing some good weed suppression,
[00:06:27.620]and also providing just some good ground cover as well.
[00:06:31.550]That's another thing that we've been seeing
[00:06:33.070]is the ground that the cereal rye has stayed on longer,
[00:06:36.360]it's been moister, and I'm sure that the soil temperatures
[00:06:39.790]have been a little bit cooler there as well.
[00:06:42.430]This plot is the last plot that we wanna show you,
[00:06:44.760]and it's Zidua Pro applied pre,
[00:06:47.070]and then a post following it with Xtendimax.
[00:06:50.440]And we really wanted to look at the two pass program
[00:06:53.900]in this project, as well as we know a lot of producers
[00:06:57.730]are using a program like that.
[00:06:59.460]And so, once again, we see that there are some broadleafs
[00:07:02.540]that have broken through that pre,
[00:07:04.680]and we just applied late post actually today.
[00:07:08.080]And so we'll start to see the control on those,
[00:07:10.580]I'm sure, pretty soon.
[00:07:11.440]But once again, we see the pres are breaking,
[00:07:13.400]and we see that broadleafs are picking up as well.
[00:07:16.240]And as we saw in the one before, earlier,
[00:07:18.500]we saw some grasses were really coming through as well.
[00:07:23.420]And we know that palmer and foxtail,
[00:07:27.190]they can emerge the same time as soybeans and corn.
[00:07:29.800]And so we know that it's good to get ahead of them.
[00:07:32.760]And as we transfer over into the last plot,
[00:07:35.590]which is the one with two weeks after planting termination,
[00:07:38.940]the rye is still standing here.
[00:07:40.630]We see that there's a lot better weed control.
[00:07:42.470]We do see some palmer poking through here,
[00:07:45.290]but it's not to the size of that over there.
[00:07:47.830]And what we really have seen from this project so far
[00:07:50.580]in its first year,
[00:07:51.660]we've seen that the rye has been able to suppress weeds,
[00:07:54.980]and it is because of that early emergence
[00:07:58.070]of palmer and foxtail.
[00:08:00.350]When it comes up at the same time as corn,
[00:08:02.020]when it comes up at the same time as soybeans like here,
[00:08:05.390]we see that the rye that is still actively growing,
[00:08:08.250]it's being able to suppress those weeds,
[00:08:11.090]and it's being able to work alongside the herbicide as well
[00:08:14.740]and to be able to get some good weed control.
[00:08:17.210]And so this project has been a really good way
[00:08:19.010]to put side-by-side comparison of seeing how pres work
[00:08:22.350]on those early emerging weeds,
[00:08:23.680]and then how pres plus a cover crop can definitely help
[00:08:26.850]in weed suppression as well.

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Planting Green In Soybeans

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