Mathias 2021 Ucare presentation

Mathias Schulte Author

04/06/2021 Added

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My presentation for my 2021 ucare project.

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[00:00:00.930]My UCare project was over the microbials located in the maze rhizosphere my professor that I worked under was Dr. Van Dijk.
[00:00:09.390]The purpose of this research was the utilization of soil born microbials,
[00:00:13.740]isolated from various soil samples to increase growth efficiency of maize plants.
[00:00:19.080]This in practice would reduce the amount of nutrients that would be supplied to the plant
[00:00:23.470]artificially potentially affecting several economic and environmental concerns.
[00:00:29.070]The microbials being studied and inhabit the rhizosphere of maize.
[00:00:32.760]This is the seven or eight millimeters of soil surrounding.
[00:00:36.000]The roots is typically a diverse microorganism community.
[00:00:40.350]One specific quality we were looking for in these microorganisms was the
[00:00:44.910]capacity of supplying nitrogen to the maize plant.
[00:00:50.010]One of the first experiments I was a part of was utilizing azotobacter in the
[00:00:54.990]greenhouse where the maize plants were inoculated with the azotobacter in the
[00:00:59.760]soil to observe its effects on maize plants with varying nitrogen being
[00:01:04.020]supplied. The first observation was that
[00:01:08.730]when the rhizosphere was collected,
[00:01:10.680]azotobacter was not visually present after five weeks of growth in the
[00:01:14.430]greenhouse. The other bacteria in the soil dominated
[00:01:19.280]what grew on the plate.
[00:01:20.660]Making it impossible to tell if there was azotobacter, with our resources, in
[00:01:25.640]the rhizosphere during collection and due to no significant
[00:01:30.260]difference in growth.
[00:01:31.280]The possible presence of azotobacter did not have an effect.
[00:01:35.870]The only other significant observation made was the difference in color of
[00:01:40.850]the plants between nitrogen groups,
[00:01:43.160]but no numbers were recorded from chlorophyll analysis due to the leaves being
[00:01:47.690]shriveled up at collection time.
[00:01:51.620]The next set of experiments were done by inoculating maize plants in a
[00:01:55.490]Hogland's agar.
[00:01:57.050]This experiment was done in sterile environment to directly track the
[00:02:01.130]grouth of the inoculated
[00:02:01.880]microorganism at the rhizosphere in a solid media. In the first run
[00:02:06.740]of this experiment,
[00:02:07.790]different nitrogen concentrations were used to see differences in growth due to
[00:02:12.050]nitrogen availability. However,
[00:02:14.900]due to the time period that this experiment was ran over,
[00:02:19.070]no difference in plant growth were observed. However,
[00:02:23.300]CRH one, two, three, four, eight,
[00:02:27.410]50%4, azotobacter, Sr, and nine mile were all
[00:02:32.030]observed at the roots. It worth noting that over the course of the experiments,
[00:02:36.860]the amount of colony forming units in the roots increase from the amount in the
[00:02:41.510]inoculum, initially,
[00:02:44.240]These are visuals of the plants grown in the ice cream containers with
[00:02:48.590]microorganisms isolated from prairie and pasture soil samples.
[00:02:54.320]This is one of the graphs used to form equations to relate the optical density
[00:02:58.880]of microorganism cultures, to the amount of colony forming units
[00:03:03.250]of the cultures. The equations made for each microorganism were used
[00:03:08.230]to make each inoculum approximately the same amount
[00:03:13.150]of colony forming units before inoculation of maize plants,
[00:03:19.240]The last experiments we were,
[00:03:20.950]moving out of agar into a glass bead hydroponic system.
[00:03:25.750]The key difference we were trying to observe was if these microorganisms could
[00:03:30.490]or would stay in the rhizosphere since they can move more, and the liquid
[00:03:34.780]was drained every day. The draining of the liquid forced
[00:03:38.950]all of the microorganisms to cling to the roots or be removed from the system.
[00:03:44.200]This experiment was done to see the retention of microorganisms at the
[00:03:48.970]roots, not to see the increase in colony forming units of the
[00:03:53.650]microorganisms at the roots. Of the strains previously tested
[00:03:58.420]azotobacter and nine mile were tested in the system,
[00:04:01.310]and showed diminishing numbers over the course of the rhizosphere
[00:04:05.530]collection. Due to the collection being longer than that,
[00:04:09.460]of the agar experience, root length, shoot length,
[00:04:13.150]and shoot mass were collected. However,
[00:04:15.700]there was no significant difference in any categories.
[00:04:21.280]Some of the issues that arose in our experiments limited how much we were able
[00:04:25.510]to get results. First was the germination of corn plants.
[00:04:29.830]The seeds used to produce the corn plants did not have a good germination rate.
[00:04:34.120]And when the seeds did germinate,
[00:04:36.100]they did so sporadically the sporadic germination resulted in
[00:04:40.960]plants of varying ages,
[00:04:42.820]not allowing for comparison of growth in later experiments,
[00:04:46.870]the microorganisms we were working with also have
[00:04:51.640]not been handled for a long time,
[00:04:53.770]making it difficult for us to find the best way to culture these microorganisms.
[00:04:58.510]We had to try several different methods of culturing to get microorganisms,
[00:05:02.560]to grow,
[00:05:03.070]including several types of solid and liquid media to make inoculums.
[00:05:08.110]Their growth rate was also sporadic causing problems,
[00:05:11.380]with having microorganism cultures ready for experiments.
[00:05:16.480]Finally,
[00:05:17.080]COVID-19 also caused significant problems by limiting the amount of time
[00:05:21.610]available to conduct research and limiting the personnel available in person.
[00:05:27.210]Continuing research on microorganisms.
[00:05:31.290]in the maize rhizosphere has several topics of these previous
[00:05:35.380]experiments can and should be expanded upon. First,
[00:05:39.700]these experiments should keep moving towards experiments in soil.
[00:05:43.300]This will make their results be more significant for field applications.
[00:05:47.170]Since there will be the competition of natural microorganisms in the soil
[00:05:52.210]of fields.
[00:05:53.620]These natural microorganisms will alter how the microorganisms, used in the
[00:05:58.320]inoculum
[00:06:01.010]to increase growth, will grow in the rhizosphere. Soil
[00:06:05.510]experiments
[00:06:06.140]well get the treatments using microorganisms closer to the application
[00:06:11.000]infields that are meant to produce agricultural goods.
[00:06:15.140]Next more repetitions of the experiments already ran need to be done. Due
[00:06:20.030]to some of the issues mentioned earlier,
[00:06:22.190]not many replications were ran making the gathering of significant results,
[00:06:26.780]difficult. Specifically, the hydroponics system needs more
[00:06:33.520]repetition since not all microorganisms have been used in that experiment.
[00:06:37.250]The expansion of our microorganism library
[00:06:41.210]would also be beneficial towards the goal of using microorganisms to increase
[00:06:45.770]the growth of maze.
[00:06:47.150]More soil samples have been collected from my own family's pastures,
[00:06:52.050]but have not been processed yet due to the lack of manpower at working on this
[00:06:55.460]project. Dr.
[00:06:57.030]Van Dijk also did an outreach project this last summer,
[00:07:01.430]where soil samples were collected,
[00:07:03.710]across Nebraska and out of state
[00:07:07.010]and these have also not been processed.
[00:07:10.000]Thank you for listening to my 2021 UCare presentation.

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Mathias 2021 Ucare presentation

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