ACL Tear Knee Biomechanics Research

Brandon Bakenhus Author

04/05/2021 Added

40 Plays

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A case study looking at data from an athlete's ACL tear and the knee biomechanics associated with the injury.

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[00:00:01.050]Hello, my name is Brandon and,
[00:00:03.810]and my research presentation is on ACL tears in me,
[00:00:08.160]biomechanics.
[00:00:13.110]Uh, first of all, if I just want to start a little background information, um,
[00:00:16.850]on the anatomy of the knee, which is what we'll be looking at, um,
[00:00:20.580]everyone knows about the ACL, but there are also the MCL, PCL and LCL.
[00:00:25.170]And then on this slide is just a little information about, uh,
[00:00:29.280]the anatomy and then what each it does,
[00:00:35.010]um, and is well known. Like an ACL tear is a very big problem for, uh,
[00:00:39.780]athletes. Um, there's obviously like the extreme pain,
[00:00:44.520]but the issue is the loss of stability in the knee, which makes it, um,
[00:00:50.100]like need surgery to be replaced,
[00:00:52.740]which usually has a timetable of lengthy recovery. And then,
[00:00:58.230]um, the athlete may also never be the same.
[00:01:01.590]And then just a little interesting fact, casinos are five times more likely, uh,
[00:01:06.010]than males, terrible ACL, which we'll talk about later.
[00:01:10.830]So.
[00:01:11.100]For my research, I'm doing a case study on his 22 year old male,
[00:01:14.940]and then he has had four ACL tears in the left knee
[00:01:19.830]and, um, just a little information about his us.
[00:01:26.690]So I kinda, uh,
[00:01:28.760]conducted my research project in the athletic performance lab,
[00:01:33.230]which, um,
[00:01:39.650]Uh, has very many, uh, technology,
[00:01:42.740]advanced technology and tools that I'll be able to, uh,
[00:01:46.250]look at to see if there's any atrophy or, um, also function in the me,
[00:01:51.200]and then the programs that I personally use for, uh, for stacks qual,
[00:01:54.740]SIS biomarkers, EMG capture pro, and then, uh,
[00:01:59.070]high speed camera, motion capture.
[00:02:01.220]As well.
[00:02:04.130]Um, so here's just a little demo of, uh, kind of Roman jumps that we,
[00:02:09.410]uh, suburbs do for us.
[00:02:14.360]And here you can see the background of the high-speed cameras going off with the
[00:02:17.270]biomarkers on his legs and then the, uh,
[00:02:19.940]EMG capture on the quads and hamstrings.
[00:02:25.310]Um.
[00:02:25.880]So you're just going to show a little program [inaudible],
[00:02:30.260]which we use the biomarkers to, um, uh,
[00:02:34.490]label of skeleton, which really just gives us like the, uh,
[00:02:39.170]frame of the human or the subject.
[00:02:45.110]Uh.
[00:02:45.560]Angle of it, as you can see,
[00:02:47.300]like the wide direction is the angle or the direction that we're going to be
[00:02:51.830]most
[00:02:53.990]concerned about because that shows like deviation in the, uh,
[00:02:59.500]in the knee laterally, which is what is the main cause of AC.
[00:03:04.380]Y'all terrace.
[00:03:08.910]Um, so using our force decks program,
[00:03:12.780]you can see the forest vectors in the last slide, but here is the, uh,
[00:03:17.940]uh, results or phrase symmetries, which we're looking for because of the, uh,
[00:03:23.790]um, ACL injury to the left knee. So due to this injury, this,
[00:03:28.710]um, athlete compensated, as you can see,
[00:03:33.300]uh, like in this,
[00:03:35.340]you could see almost 30% in the first,
[00:03:39.030]but an average of about, uh,
[00:03:42.420]10 is what we would consider to be, uh, alarming according to, uh,
[00:03:47.340]the NAPL staff,
[00:03:48.900]which we can see here that there's in the landing force in the
[00:03:53.670]Atlantic impulse, there is, um,
[00:03:56.250]heavy strain on the right leg compared to the left on
[00:04:00.900]average, just because the overcompensation for the injury
[00:04:06.840]And then doing a drop jump,
[00:04:09.210]which would be dropping off an elevated surface to drop down, um,
[00:04:13.110]just to accentuate the, uh, like the spring face off,
[00:04:18.450]which would be a quicker movement for the ACL.
[00:04:20.880]And that also showed the similar results of just
[00:04:25.650]highest asymmetry with loading on that, right. That light that, right.
[00:04:30.420]Like,
[00:04:33.090]and then we also did single leg jumps,
[00:04:35.550]which we can sell on the right would be these orange dots,
[00:04:39.060]but just more peak power and more like jump height
[00:04:43.500]here. And this would be, um,
[00:04:46.200]just due to more stability and more strength in that right knee.
[00:04:52.830]So with the data that I was given,
[00:04:56.010]I was able to take the EMG data and put it in into MATLAB
[00:05:00.870]and then, uh, pro program, uh,
[00:05:04.980]this is the RA and this program, the data and the,
[00:05:07.590]in the raw data that shows up on the left is, um,
[00:05:12.360]like just the EMG.
[00:05:13.260]But a lot of we received a lot of feedback that didn't really tell us too much
[00:05:18.000]about, uh,
[00:05:19.620]any shortcomings that the knee would have,
[00:05:23.100]but the data would show it when the hamstring and the quads muscles would
[00:05:27.570]fire, which would hopefully tell us maybe if through multiple,
[00:05:32.340]if we had more, uh, studies and more, uh,
[00:05:36.270]subjects could maybe tell us a little more information,
[00:05:39.480]but the EMG data was, was pretty inconclusive.
[00:05:43.380]Yeah.
[00:05:47.280]So even with this inclusive data,
[00:05:50.220]it is well known like that there's a valgus angle that,
[00:05:53.620]that may trigger up increased risk of STLs and or
[00:05:58.460]ACL injuries. So using the, uh,
[00:06:02.180]qual programming, um,
[00:06:04.280]we were able to use the Excel file and look for this Q angle. Um,
[00:06:09.100]so after manipulating all the Excel data,
[00:06:11.180]we looked for the maximum angle and the right knee,
[00:06:14.750]which was uninjured had an more, a larger valgus angle,
[00:06:18.590]which was surprising to us.
[00:06:21.350]But also we had to realize that there's a lot of
[00:06:25.520]compensation being done for the left knee because the left knee is
[00:06:30.410]so has gone through so much atrophy and has not, uh, been replaced.
[00:06:35.210]We think that's due to the stability.
[00:06:37.090]Reasons.
[00:06:40.480]Um, so it was inclusion.
[00:06:42.310]We really think that the valgus angle is something to be looking at looking at,
[00:06:46.780]but as in all, uh, injuries,
[00:06:51.220]there's a lot of differences that just every single human skeleton has different
[00:06:55.660]moments of the knee and different in the angles,
[00:06:59.200]which some could lead to a higher,
[00:07:02.830]a predisposition for injury, but does not cause an injury.
[00:07:07.570]So it just would, this case study should give us a lot of, uh,
[00:07:11.440]helpful information, but it would definitely take some more,
[00:07:16.090]um,
[00:07:17.440]subjects to determine any solid and conclusive data.
[00:07:24.790]And then.
[00:07:25.900]Thank you for listening to my presentation. I'd like to think my advisor, Dr.
[00:07:30.760]Tom Savage and, uh,
[00:07:34.120]the NAPL facility and staff for letting me research.
[00:07:38.890]Thank you.

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ACL Tear Knee Biomechanics Research

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