Qualitative Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in The Birth Outcomes and Water Study

Kaili Jorgens Author

04/05/2021 Added

3 Plays

Description

Participants of the Birth Outcomes and Water Study (BOW) were interviewed to determine the barriers and facilitators of their participation. Themes within the interviews were analyzed qualitatively and used to understand perceptions of participating in the BOW study.

Searchable Transcript

Search:

[00:00:00.190]My name is Kaili Jorgens,
[00:00:01.270]and I'm an undergraduate Biological Sciences student,
[00:00:03.880]who's working as part
[00:00:04.960]of the Birth Outcomes and Water Pilot Study
[00:00:07.950]under Dr. Martha Rhoades and Dr. Lisa Pytlik Zillig.
[00:00:14.850]The Birth Outcomes and Water Study, or BOW Study,
[00:00:17.770]seeks to understand
[00:00:18.820]how the presence of agricultural chemicals in drinking water
[00:00:22.430]may be related to the higher birth defect rates in Nebraska.
[00:00:25.860]The BOW Study involved three main activities,
[00:00:28.860]which is completion of an hour-long survey,
[00:00:31.100]collection of water and saliva samples
[00:00:33.400]during an in-home visit from a researcher,
[00:00:35.900]and the collection of a blood sample
[00:00:38.620]drawn by a medical provider.
[00:00:40.450]As part of a side study,
[00:00:41.630]I focused on understanding the barriers
[00:00:43.580]and facilitators to research participation
[00:00:46.260]for potential participants of the BOW study.
[00:00:50.080]Without an ample population,
[00:00:51.680]epidemiological case control studies
[00:00:53.670]cannot achieve study goals and be generalizable.
[00:00:56.860]Therefore, our objective was to understand
[00:00:58.890]the barriers and facilitators to individuals
[00:01:01.760]in order to develop a better protocol
[00:01:04.150]for a future full BOW study
[00:01:07.370]or for studies of similar populations or study protocols.
[00:01:14.010]In order to do this,
[00:01:15.010]participants who either fully completed,
[00:01:17.450]partially completed,
[00:01:18.460]or did not complete the BOW study
[00:01:20.410]were invited to be interviewed
[00:01:22.160]and were asked questions
[00:01:23.140]based upon their perceptions of the study.
[00:01:25.880]Questions in these interviews were based
[00:01:27.440]upon themes found in prior literature,
[00:01:29.860]as well as through emergent themes.
[00:01:32.670]Open-ended questions such as,
[00:01:34.590]what was attractive to you
[00:01:35.540]about participating in the BOW study
[00:01:37.530]or what was unattractive to you about participating
[00:01:40.250]were asked to the interviewees.
[00:01:41.850]The transcripts from these interviews
[00:01:43.310]were analyzed qualitatively with MAXQDA software,
[00:01:46.720]allowing us to code phrases and words in the interviews
[00:01:49.420]to analyze the themes which participants spoke about.
[00:01:56.450]Figure One is a code map
[00:01:57.770]of the major facilitators and barriers
[00:01:59.590]which emerged from the interviewees' responses.
[00:02:01.900]The major themes, which are bolded,
[00:02:04.630]were also broken down into sub theme categories,
[00:02:07.960]which were commonly spoke upon.
[00:02:10.000]The themes appearing in green
[00:02:11.370]were spoke upon by participants as being facilitators,
[00:02:14.790]while the themes and sub themes in red
[00:02:16.790]were spoke as being barriers.
[00:02:18.990]The size of each red or green code tag is representative
[00:02:22.350]of the number of times the code appeared in the interviews.
[00:02:25.510]The major themes found included,
[00:02:27.720]contribution to the greater good, contact with researchers,
[00:02:31.180]convenience, understanding/awareness, financial incentive,
[00:02:35.610]trust, personal benefit,
[00:02:37.810]and the blood draw component of the study.
[00:02:41.800]After analysis of the interviews,
[00:02:43.350]it was found that contribution to the greater good
[00:02:45.280]was a major motivator to participate in the BOW study,
[00:02:48.340]and it was more often spoke upon than personal benefit.
[00:02:51.700]Sub topics comprising the theme
[00:02:53.290]of contribution to the greater good
[00:02:55.080]consisted of participants valuing research
[00:02:57.600]and having an obligation to society or to their community.
[00:03:01.420]Participants viewed a personal benefit
[00:03:03.180]from completing the study
[00:03:04.360]in relation to their own personal interest
[00:03:06.450]in the study topics or in research generally
[00:03:09.520]as well as from the implications from the findings
[00:03:11.860]of the study once it is completed.
[00:03:14.970]Convenience of the study,
[00:03:16.750]including travel time and having to obtain a blood sample,
[00:03:20.090]was also an important facilitator
[00:03:22.210]when interviewees were deciding
[00:03:23.600]whether or not to take part in the BOW study.
[00:03:26.560]Trust was found to be a facilitator of participation.
[00:03:29.310]No interviewees spoke about distrust in the researchers,
[00:03:32.410]the institutions involved in the study,
[00:03:34.280]or in research generally, however,
[00:03:36.750]the water and saliva collection,
[00:03:38.330]which included an in-home visit,
[00:03:40.350]did pose as a barrier for some participants
[00:03:42.660]due to the researcher being a stranger.
[00:03:46.410]Understanding and awareness of the BOW study,
[00:03:48.590]as well as contact with researchers,
[00:03:51.070]were two themes,
[00:03:51.903]which are not cited in the reviewed literature.
[00:03:54.530]Specifically, clear information, instructions,
[00:03:57.780]and goals of the study
[00:03:58.613]were found to facilitate participation,
[00:04:00.940]along with differing preferred contact methods.
[00:04:04.040]A notable finding is the use of reminders
[00:04:06.690]to complete study components
[00:04:08.570]and the ease of direct contact with the researchers
[00:04:11.720]when participants had any questions or struggles
[00:04:14.440]with completing any of the study activities.
[00:04:17.960]Additional facilitators, located in the bottom table,
[00:04:21.770]which were spoke upon less frequently by interviewees
[00:04:25.720]contained role,
[00:04:27.210]which was coded when interviewees spoke
[00:04:28.810]about having a knowledgeable research background,
[00:04:31.470]being a parent or their particular occupation
[00:04:33.870]leading them to participate in the BOW study,
[00:04:36.390]as well as social influence,
[00:04:39.090]which was coded when there was social influence
[00:04:41.680]from spouses, friends, or family,
[00:04:44.020]and this was also found
[00:04:45.220]to be a facilitator for participants.
[00:04:48.640]Over here on the table on the right,
[00:04:50.140]the majority of barriers that were detailed
[00:04:52.250]by study participants were related
[00:04:54.240]to the steps of the BOW activities, such as the blood draw,
[00:04:57.390]collection of the water sample, the survey,
[00:05:00.300]the invasiveness of the study, and COVID-19 related issues.
[00:05:13.060]Most participants did not solely base their decision
[00:05:15.600]off of financial incentive offered
[00:05:17.610]for completion of the study,
[00:05:19.340]but this financial incentive was one way
[00:05:21.210]to mitigate study barriers
[00:05:22.510]related to inconvenience, cost, or time.
[00:05:25.630]Based upon the analysis of the interviews,
[00:05:27.630]some recommendations were developed
[00:05:29.260]in order to optimize participation
[00:05:32.330]in a future full BOW study
[00:05:34.400]or studies with similar protocols or target populations.
[00:05:38.250]These recommendations were,
[00:05:40.100]establish and maintain regular responsive contact
[00:05:42.500]with study participants,
[00:05:44.190]provide contacts for some clinics
[00:05:45.960]that are aware of the BOW study
[00:05:47.430]and are willing to complete the blood draw component.
[00:05:50.430]Additionally, include further clarity
[00:05:52.200]about blood sample collection
[00:05:53.600]and shipment expectations for participants.
[00:05:56.500]Design an IRB protocol which includes
[00:05:58.660]starting reminders over at certain points.
[00:06:01.240]This could occur where a study participant is able
[00:06:03.690]to request further contacts
[00:06:05.070]due to still wanting to participate in this study.
[00:06:08.120]And four, capitalize upon the ability
[00:06:10.900]for participants to receive
[00:06:12.210]their individual biological and water sample results,
[00:06:16.410]as well as general study results during recruitment.
[00:06:19.760]This personal benefit will likely be
[00:06:21.350]a motivator to participants who are less concerned
[00:06:23.600]with participation for extrinsic reasons.
[00:06:30.890]The BOW website is listed here
[00:06:32.240]as a resource for additional information about the study,
[00:06:35.180]and I would like to acknowledge
[00:06:36.440]the BOW study participants who made this research possible,
[00:06:39.490]as well as funding from the
[00:06:40.620]University of Nebraska Collaboration Initiative Seed Grant,
[00:06:45.210]the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, and UCARE.

The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!

You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.

Comments

0 Comments

Qualitative Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in The Birth Outcomes and Water Study

Description

Searchable Transcript

Comments icon comment

Related Channels

Comments