Parental well-being during early childhood: How does it relate to parental behaviors?

Evelyn Estrada Gonzalez Author

04/05/2021 Added

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The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between parental well being and parental behavior. It also aimed to explore the consistency of observed and self-reported measures of parental behavior in parents of infants and toddlers.

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[00:00:02.010]Hi, my name is Evelyn Estrada,
[00:00:04.237]and I will be presenting my project over parental wellbeing
[00:00:07.900]during early childhood
[00:00:09.080]and its relationship to parental behaviors.
[00:00:12.520]My mentor for this project was Dr. Lisa Knoche.
[00:00:17.390]Parental efficacy has been defined
[00:00:19.230]as the parents' expectations about the degree
[00:00:21.443]to which they are able to perform completely
[00:00:24.230]and effectively as a parent.
[00:00:26.400]On the other hand, parental stress has been defined
[00:00:28.960]as the difficulties that arise from the demands
[00:00:31.780]as being a parent.
[00:00:33.640]Both parental efficacy and parental stress have been linked
[00:00:36.667]to children's developmental outcomes.
[00:00:39.867]Previous literature has also identified a limited range
[00:00:43.615]of research on the relationship between self-reported
[00:00:47.170]and observed parental behavior measures with mixed findings.
[00:00:50.691]With that being said, the objective of this research is
[00:00:54.180]to understand the relationship between parental wellbeing
[00:00:56.835]to parental behaviors and the consistency of observed
[00:01:00.650]and self-reported measures of parental behaviors.
[00:01:04.838]My first question is how does parental wellbeing,
[00:01:08.062]measured as stress, parental efficacy, and social support,
[00:01:12.008]relate to their parental behaviors?
[00:01:14.540]My second question is
[00:01:15.810]how do parents' self-reported behaviors relate
[00:01:18.180]to observed parental behaviors?
[00:01:21.624]The sample of this study consisted
[00:01:23.360]of 152 parents and 152 children.
[00:01:26.865]The data was drawn from a longitudinal study
[00:01:30.110]of the Getting Ready intervention that focuses
[00:01:32.887]on getting children ready for school.
[00:01:36.963]All families from this study have a low-income status,
[00:01:40.360]and the children are enrolled
[00:01:41.860]in center-based childcare programs.
[00:01:45.561]In order to measure the observational parental behaviors,
[00:01:49.027]the Parent/Caregiver Involvement Scale was used
[00:01:52.190]to code 15 to 30 minute videos.
[00:01:54.569]It is composed of 11 subscales,
[00:01:57.050]all rated on amount, quality, appropriateness.
[00:02:00.030]The 11 subscales were then factor analyzed
[00:02:02.630]into six different factors,
[00:02:04.080]including amount factors, with constructive behaviors,
[00:02:07.613]quality factors, with warmth and sensitivity,
[00:02:11.200]harsh and abrupt parenting, and adaptability.
[00:02:14.540]And lastly, the appropriateness factors,
[00:02:17.040]with anticipation of child's needs
[00:02:19.490]and scaffolding child's learning.
[00:02:22.299]The Healthy Families Parenting Inventory
[00:02:24.970]is a self-reported measure and was used
[00:02:27.355]to measure both parental wellbeing,
[00:02:30.227]using the subscales of parental efficacy
[00:02:33.210]and social support.
[00:02:34.572]And it was also used
[00:02:36.690]to measure the self-reported parental behaviors
[00:02:40.060]using the parent-child interaction subscale.
[00:02:44.330]Finally, the Parenting Stress Index was used
[00:02:47.700]to measure the parental wellbeing.
[00:02:49.720]It was scored on a 5 Likert scale.
[00:02:54.865]Here is parent's gender and marital status.
[00:03:01.000]And as you can see, the mean age
[00:03:02.797]of the parents was approximately 29 years old.
[00:03:08.310]As you can see, almost half
[00:03:09.675]of the parents spoke a language other than English
[00:03:13.320]to their child.
[00:03:14.288]About half of the sample were parents of color,
[00:03:17.582]and about half of the parents were Hispanic.
[00:03:22.601]Almost half of the sample had some college and associates,
[00:03:27.021]or a four-year degree,
[00:03:28.862]and some parents were employed and/or going to school.
[00:03:35.150]Here is my child sample.
[00:03:36.785]Overall, the mean age of the children was
[00:03:39.820]about 14 months old.
[00:03:42.920]Here are my descriptives for parental wellbeing.
[00:03:45.803]And as a summary, stress,
[00:03:48.601]which was analyzed using a t-score,
[00:03:51.536]had a mean average of 43.90
[00:03:54.450]and a possible range of 0 to 100.
[00:03:57.072]This means that parents were below average on their stress.
[00:04:00.712]Social support's mean average was 21
[00:04:04.740]with a possible range of 5 to 25.
[00:04:07.460]And parental efficacy's mean average was 24.72
[00:04:12.199]with a possible range of 6 to 30.
[00:04:14.855]So overall, both social support
[00:04:17.701]and parental efficacy levels were relatively high
[00:04:21.139]in this sample.
[00:04:23.840]For the descriptive of the Parent-Child's Behaviors,
[00:04:26.757]the orange are all the observational parental behaviors,
[00:04:31.739]and the blue one is the self-reported behavior.
[00:04:35.300]So overall,
[00:04:36.133]all the observational variables had a possible range
[00:04:38.750]of 1 to 5, and all their means were relatively high.
[00:04:42.660]The self-reported measure had a mean of 45.04
[00:04:46.790]and a possible range of 10 to 50.
[00:04:50.470]And so, in this case, the mean was also relative high.
[00:04:55.387]Moving on to my results.
[00:04:57.332]So for the first question
[00:04:59.648]on how does parental wellbeing relate
[00:05:03.570]to their parental behaviors?
[00:05:09.080]So I ran a regression analysis.
[00:05:12.469]And overall, no significant associations were found
[00:05:17.540]between any of the wellbeing measures
[00:05:20.270]and the observed parental behavior measures.
[00:05:22.309]However, there were some significant results when looking
[00:05:25.211]at the self-reported measures.
[00:05:28.710]So higher parental stress levels were associated
[00:05:31.670]with lower parent-child interactions
[00:05:34.156]and higher parental efficacy was associated
[00:05:37.131]with higher parent-child interactions.
[00:05:40.830]However, this was only true
[00:05:42.500]for the self-reported parental behavior measure.
[00:05:46.419]For my second question
[00:05:48.050]on how did parents' self-reported behaviors relate
[00:05:51.250]to their observed behaviors?
[00:05:52.853]So for this one, I ran a correlation analysis.
[00:05:58.064]And overall, no significant results were found.
[00:06:02.350]So observed parental behaviors was not related
[00:06:05.560]to self-reported parent-child interactions.
[00:06:10.113]So overall, like previous research,
[00:06:12.880]higher parental efficacy led
[00:06:14.720]to higher parent-child interaction scores,
[00:06:17.119]and higher stress levels led
[00:06:19.380]to lower parent-child interaction scores.
[00:06:22.140]However, this was only true for the self-reported measure,
[00:06:25.360]as no relationship was found on the observed measures.
[00:06:28.517]And contrary to previous research,
[00:06:31.230]no relationship was found between social support
[00:06:33.890]and self-reported or observed parental behavior.
[00:06:37.948]Also, like previous research, self-reported
[00:06:41.370]and observed parental behaviors were not
[00:06:43.820]significantly correlated.
[00:06:45.650]Some possible reasons of why this happened in this study is
[00:06:49.050]that both measures could have considered different things
[00:06:51.730]when looking at parental behavior.
[00:06:53.574]Another reason is
[00:06:54.940]that the observed measures only considered parental behavior
[00:06:58.090]from a 15 to 30 minute video,
[00:07:00.295]whereas the self-reported measure considered
[00:07:02.710]overall parental behavior.
[00:07:04.114]And lastly, parents could have overscored their behavior
[00:07:07.380]in order to fulfill social norms.
[00:07:10.770]With this being said,
[00:07:11.830]future research to identify more consistent measures
[00:07:14.550]of parent-child interactions
[00:07:16.172]in order to have more accurate data,
[00:07:18.690]and early childhood programs should focus
[00:07:21.027]on reducing parental stress and improving parental efficacy
[00:07:24.343]in order to improve parent-child interaction.
[00:07:29.450]I would like to thank anyone who partnered
[00:07:31.270]with Getting Ready, as well as the Getting Ready staff.
[00:07:33.803]I would also like to thank UCARE for providing me
[00:07:36.610]with this grant to conduct my own research.
[00:07:39.100]Lastly, this research is supported
[00:07:40.582]by Early Head Start University Partnership grant,
[00:07:43.579]awarded to doctors, Lisa Knoche and Susan Sheridan.
[00:07:49.490]Thank you for watching my presentation.

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Parental well-being during early childhood: How does it relate to parental behaviors?

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