The Diffusion of Colored Food Dye into Hard-Boiled Egg Whites

Carson Emeigh and Luke Bak Author

04/03/2021 Added

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In this presenatation we will invetigate the ways temperature affects diffusion as well as how to show diffusion in a visual manner to STEM students

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[00:00:01.260]Hi, my name is Carson Emeigh,
[00:00:02.610]and I am a mechanical engineering student here at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
[00:00:07.020]Hi, I am Luke Bak.
[00:00:08.060]I'm mechanincal engineering student in University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
[00:00:11.990]And today we are going to give a presentation on the
[00:00:14.290]diffusion of colored food dye into hard boiled egg whites.
[00:00:18.290]We are first going to start with the goals for our experiment.
[00:00:20.750]Then we're going to move on to the experimental setup.
[00:00:23.120]Then we're going to talk about image processing. After that,
[00:00:25.790]we will talk about the results.
[00:00:27.200]Then we'll move on to the discussion and we will finally end with our
[00:00:29.630]acknowledgements.
[00:00:32.920]The goal for our experiment.
[00:00:34.610]We wanted to develop an experiment for STEM students that can show them
[00:00:38.510]diffusion in a visual manner.
[00:00:40.310]We also wanted to make sure that our experiment was easy to do at home so that
[00:00:44.030]kids can learn diffusion on their own.
[00:00:46.430]What is diffusion? Diffusion is the process by which particles from an area of
[00:00:51.200]high concentration move into an area of low concentration.
[00:00:55.400]Diffusion theory tells us that the distance the particles are allowed to travel
[00:00:59.120]is proportional to the time that they're allowed to travel
[00:01:01.460]raised to the 0.5 power. If you can look at our figure,
[00:01:05.570]the blue is supposed to represent egg whites, and the red dots are supposed to
[00:01:09.680]represent our dye particles.
[00:01:11.570]You can see at time 0 that there are no dye particles in our egg white.
[00:01:15.650]And as we allow time to pass,
[00:01:17.540]the dye particles are able to penetrate our egg whites deeper and deeper.
[00:01:22.520]This is our experimental setup. It is consist of,
[00:01:26.720]as you can see in the picture peeled hardboiled egg and red dyed water.
[00:01:32.513]So first step is place eggs in the water. After predetermined time,
[00:01:37.910]so we took out the eggs and slice it in half, and
[00:01:42.680]we placed the sliced eggs in the camera studio.
[00:01:47.660]So in the camera studio,
[00:01:49.220]we have to make sure the surface of eggs is parallel with camera lens.
[00:01:54.920]We conducted this experiment at 4 °C and room temperature
[00:01:59.810]and 60 °C.
[00:02:02.510]This is example picture at room temperature.
[00:02:06.440]So as you can see,
[00:02:07.610]the red ring is getting thicker as time goes, and
[00:02:12.530]we stopped the experiment at 48 hours
[00:02:17.120]because the red ring is almost reached to the egg yolk.
[00:02:23.930]And we also put the scale on the surface of
[00:02:28.370]the eggs is because of,
[00:02:31.160]so we can easily convert from the pixel to millimeter.
[00:02:36.260]After taking image, we have to do the image processing.
[00:02:39.920]What is the image processing? Image processing is method of taking
[00:02:44.810]the,
[00:02:45.650]the measurement objectively so we can measure the thickness by
[00:02:50.360]hand, but it is not objective at all.
[00:02:53.480]So we have computer code to measure the thickness.
[00:02:58.340]Those pictures shows the step of image processing.
[00:03:04.060]The first of all,
[00:03:04.900]we input the original image and MATLAB code cannot
[00:03:10.030]change to grayscale image.
[00:03:13.300]And the grayscale image gonna be changed to black and white image
[00:03:17.840]in this step. So we have to input threshold (T) value,
[00:03:22.260]which is determined from which pixel is white from which
[00:03:26.720]pixel is black. So on black and white image,
[00:03:31.810]the MATLAB code is measuring the minimum distance of
[00:03:36.430]between inside and outside.
[00:03:40.130]So that is the,
[00:03:42.580]our final processed image.
[00:03:45.790]So results going to show mean value of the thickness.
[00:03:51.630]As a result,
[00:03:52.750]we can show those three graphs with raw data. Based on raw data
[00:03:58.230]MATLAB code can find trendline and equation for
[00:04:03.310]the trend line. Those three,
[00:04:05.950]the egg picture taken at the same point,
[00:04:09.820]but different temperature. As you can see,
[00:04:12.760]the 4 °C case is the
[00:04:18.320]thinnest and the 60 °C case is thickest. It's because
[00:04:23.760]the molecule is more active at a higher temperature.
[00:04:29.500]Then what we did is we took our 3 cases,
[00:04:31.232]and we plotted them on the same figure.
[00:04:33.480]The line in green represents the slope and trend for the 60 degree case.
[00:04:37.920]The line in blue represents room temperature,
[00:04:40.010]and the line in red represents 4 °C.
[00:04:43.141]We also put the equations for these lines above them.
[00:04:46.790]A thing to note is the exponent on our t.
[00:04:49.550]So diffusion theory says that the exponent and our t should be around 0.5.
[00:04:54.210]And as you can see for each of our curves,
[00:04:56.250]the exponent for our t's are also pretty close to 0.5.
[00:04:59.610]What these equations also show is that diffusion occurs at different rates
[00:05:04.290]depending on the temperature that we are at.
[00:05:09.850]And now for our discussion section.
[00:05:11.690]The first question we want to ask is do our results make sense?
[00:05:14.940]So we know that theory of diffusion says that the exponent on our t value should
[00:05:19.860]be around 0.5 and on our graphs,
[00:05:22.650]although our t, the exponent on our t value is not exactly 0.5,
[00:05:26.160]they were pretty close.
[00:05:27.430]The reason that they were not exactly 0.5 is because theory never follows
[00:05:31.270]real-world conditions.
[00:05:33.450]Another thing we want to think about is how would the dye color affect our
[00:05:36.270]results. In all of our trials, we used red food dye,
[00:05:39.900]but if we had used other colors,
[00:05:41.460]we believe that the diffusion curves would be different.
[00:05:44.600]We think that the diffusion curves will be different with different colors,
[00:05:47.430]because different colors will have different particle sizes and properties
[00:05:51.152]that will affect diffusion.
[00:05:53.730]Another question we want to think about is why does temperature affect diffusion?
[00:05:57.344]So we think that temperature affects diffusion because at higher
[00:06:01.665]temperatures, atoms will have more energy and therefore will move around more.
[00:06:06.140]And since diffusion is about the movement of particles,
[00:06:09.361]particles that are able to move better at higher temperatures will be able to
[00:06:13.076]diffuse faster.
[00:06:14.619]So the key takeaways from our experiment, is that diffusion depends on
[00:06:18.701]temperature, and that we are able to find new and creative ways to show how
[00:06:23.700]diffusion works.
[00:06:26.952]And finally for our acknowledgement,
[00:06:28.030]we would like to thank the UCARE office for making this project possible.
[00:06:31.674]And we would also like to give a special thanks to our friends Dilziba, Haipeng,
[00:06:34.602]and Dr. Ryu for all of their support in the completion of this project.
[00:06:37.830]Thank you for watching. Thank you.

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The Diffusion of Colored Food Dye into Hard-Boiled Egg Whites

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