Embryology 101 - Lesson 3: Build-A-Chick

Elizabeth Janning, Melissa Mracek, Sarah Paisley, and Melinda Vlieger Author

02/24/2021 Added

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This is the third out of a series of four lesson from the Embryology 101 Curriculum. In the manual this is lesson 2. It explores the physical characteristics that are passed down from parent to offspring.

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[00:00:00.341](upbeat music)
[00:00:10.340]Hello again,
[00:00:11.173]and thank you for continuing with us
[00:00:13.070]on our exciting journey
[00:00:14.320]as we learn more about embryology
[00:00:16.450]through the Nebraska 4H Embryology 101 program.
[00:00:20.370]This is the third of four lessons
[00:00:22.220]that will guide you through the development
[00:00:23.720]of embryos in chicken egg.
[00:00:26.780]As I said, in our previous videos,
[00:00:28.260]my name is Sarah Paisley
[00:00:29.430]and I am the extension educator
[00:00:31.050]for Garden and Morrill Counties.
[00:00:32.850]I am excited to be your host again as you continue
[00:00:35.240]this virtual journey of embryo development.
[00:00:38.270]Today, we are going to have
[00:00:39.870]the exciting opportunity to be geneticists.
[00:00:43.680]However, before we start the lesson,
[00:00:45.880]I need you to get out your questions page
[00:00:47.880]from the last time we met.
[00:00:49.560]Remember the one that I told you to keep
[00:00:51.330]in a safe place.
[00:00:52.940]At the end of that lesson,
[00:00:54.620]I asked you to add any more questions that you still had
[00:00:58.610]and to answer the ones that we may have answered
[00:01:01.830]or covered during the lesson.
[00:01:04.385]Take a look at your list of questions and reread them.
[00:01:08.830]Do you still have a lot of questions?
[00:01:11.150]Pause the video if you need to.
[00:01:14.810]Did looking at these questions spark up another idea?
[00:01:18.400]Write it down if it did
[00:01:20.330]'cause we're going to take another look
[00:01:21.720]at some pictures today.
[00:01:23.640]You will do the same thing.
[00:01:26.250]Write down any questions that pop into your head.
[00:01:30.050]We are going to have two different pictures
[00:01:33.360]of adult chickens,
[00:01:35.100]and then one picture of some baby chicks.
[00:01:39.220]Are you ready to write any questions you have
[00:01:41.890]about these pictures?
[00:01:44.480]Okay, here we go.
[00:02:28.160]Thanks for thinking about these pictures today.
[00:02:30.470]Don't put this paper too far away
[00:02:32.210]as we will be using it again
[00:02:33.820]at the end of this lesson.
[00:02:35.580]One other thing I wanted to do
[00:02:37.510]was to look at our chart
[00:02:38.700]to see how our embryos have developed
[00:02:40.450]over the last few days.
[00:02:41.790]Are you curious to see what has been happening?
[00:02:44.660]I sure have been.
[00:02:47.850]So as we see on our chart,
[00:02:49.170]we started off with our egg just being,
[00:02:52.900]looking at the yoke and we had our germ spot.
[00:02:55.410]And then we started to see our circulatory system
[00:02:59.000]which is all of our blood vessels developing.
[00:03:01.530]Then it really started to look like an embryo
[00:03:03.940]with the development of the eyes
[00:03:06.240]and we start seeing the wings and the feet coming about.
[00:03:10.634]And of course we actually candled our eggs on day nine.
[00:03:15.640]And so we've seen a lot of development happening since then.
[00:03:19.960]So on day 10, we see that our feathers
[00:03:22.730]are actually starting to appear.
[00:03:24.560]Our egg tooth begins,
[00:03:26.220]which we found out was very important
[00:03:27.890]for cracking open the egg shell.
[00:03:30.010]Our eyelids have overgrown the eyes.
[00:03:32.739]The bones actually start to calcify on day 12.
[00:03:36.660]We start to see the thighs
[00:03:38.360]and the wings being more present
[00:03:40.410]and visible in that aspect.
[00:03:43.090]Then on day 13,
[00:03:44.690]we have the appearance of scales on the legs,
[00:03:48.080]the comb, which is the part on the head
[00:03:50.290]and the waddle, which is underneath the beak,
[00:03:52.530]become apparent.
[00:03:54.370]And the embryo acquires a more chick like appearance
[00:03:57.450]as it begins to grow developing very very quickly
[00:04:02.980]as it gets all the way up to day 21
[00:04:05.880]which is when it will actually hatch.
[00:04:08.930]I want you to pause the video
[00:04:10.180]if you need to take a better look
[00:04:11.810]at any of those pictures.
[00:04:14.880]Now that we know a little bit more about
[00:04:16.960]how our embryos are developing inside
[00:04:19.280]of our incubator right now,
[00:04:20.860]we're gonna go ahead and move on
[00:04:22.130]with our lesson for today.
[00:04:23.860]But first I want you to see what that objective,
[00:04:25.560]our objective for today is going to be
[00:04:27.550]on our third lesson which is called Build A Chick.
[00:04:30.130]By the end of the day,
[00:04:30.963]you will be able to identify
[00:04:32.760]that parental genetics determine
[00:04:35.300]the physical characteristics of their offspring.
[00:04:41.710]As we get started with this third lesson
[00:04:44.470]of Embryology 101 called Build A Chick,
[00:04:47.930]we're gonna get started talking about genetics
[00:04:51.560]and some of the things that get passed on
[00:04:54.770]from parents to their offspring.
[00:04:58.050]And so the first thing
[00:04:59.260]that we're going to take a look at
[00:05:02.550]is going to be our pictures again.
[00:05:05.623]So these are actually Barred Rock chickens.
[00:05:09.250]We have a hen on our left-hand side
[00:05:11.730]and a rooster on the right hand side.
[00:05:14.750]And when they meet,
[00:05:16.240]they will produce chicks
[00:05:17.910]that look like these at the bottom.
[00:05:21.020]Now, do they look alike?
[00:05:23.410]No, not really.
[00:05:25.010]But what about what happens when they get older?
[00:05:27.830]Are they going to look alike then?
[00:05:30.490]Chances are, yes.
[00:05:31.460]They will look a little bit closer to their parents.
[00:05:33.640]Right now, we tend to see that offspring
[00:05:36.360]will look completely different
[00:05:38.580]from their parents until they grow,
[00:05:40.410]they develop their adult feathers.
[00:05:42.510]Right now they just have the downy feathers
[00:05:45.330]that keep them nice and warm
[00:05:46.870]as they get used to their new environment.
[00:05:49.890]But once they get older
[00:05:50.910]they're going to develop the body feathers
[00:05:52.970]the wing feathers, and the tail feathers
[00:05:55.290]that resemble something closer
[00:05:57.270]to their parents sometimes.
[00:05:59.720]Sometimes they don't look like their parents.
[00:06:03.240]And why would you think that would be?
[00:06:05.620]Well let's take a look at you.
[00:06:07.220]Do you look exactly like your parents?
[00:06:10.190]Even when you get older,
[00:06:11.500]do you think you'll look exactly like your mom
[00:06:13.580]or exactly like your dad?
[00:06:16.440]Some of you may be able to say
[00:06:17.580]that you do look very similar to your parents.
[00:06:20.110]I know that my two kids
[00:06:21.710]look almost exactly like their father,
[00:06:24.550]but even though they look more like their dad,
[00:06:27.070]they do get traits from me too.
[00:06:30.460]Offspring will inherit traits from their parents
[00:06:35.740]whether we can see them or not.
[00:06:38.090]So some of the traits that we can see,
[00:06:39.970]we call them physical traits
[00:06:41.760]are things like eye color.
[00:06:44.300]We can talk about the shape
[00:06:45.780]and the look of your chin,
[00:06:47.750]the shape and size of your nose.
[00:06:50.820]We can also talk about your hair color,
[00:06:53.150]how tall you are,
[00:06:54.730]even whether or not you're going to have hair.
[00:06:57.380]When you get older,
[00:06:58.320]you might develop baldness.
[00:07:00.030]Those are traits that are passed on from your parents.
[00:07:04.240]There are some traits that we can't see.
[00:07:06.828]Things like your blood type,
[00:07:09.520]whether or not you're prone to diabetes, high cholesterol.
[00:07:14.040]Those are all traits that can be passed
[00:07:16.050]on from your parents.
[00:07:18.270]And so all living things are actually the same
[00:07:22.270]in the regards that they get some traits from their mom
[00:07:24.990]and some traits from the dad.
[00:07:26.710]And sometimes these traits actually work together
[00:07:30.830]to get a combination of traits.
[00:07:33.070]So even though you have a father that has brown hair
[00:07:38.550]and a mother that has blonde hair,
[00:07:40.740]sometimes we don't have a complete dominance
[00:07:44.150]and that color, the shading is somewhere in between.
[00:07:48.070]And so those genes can actually work together
[00:07:50.950]to show those different traits.
[00:07:54.440]So I just actually said a word
[00:07:56.150]that we need to talk about,
[00:07:57.210]and that is genes, okay?
[00:07:59.230]Now I'm not talking about the jeans
[00:08:00.850]that you might be wearing.
[00:08:02.310]I am talking about genes that are found in your DNA.
[00:08:06.690]So all of your genetic information that you have
[00:08:11.160]or that your body works with
[00:08:12.970]to say that you're gonna have brown eyes
[00:08:14.940]or you're going to have brown hair is found in DNA.
[00:08:18.770]And this is the genetic information that's passed on.
[00:08:22.670]So in this picture,
[00:08:23.980]we actually have a picture of a cell.
[00:08:26.400]And inside that cell is the center
[00:08:29.520]of the cell called the nucleus.
[00:08:31.850]Now in the nucleus is some very vital information
[00:08:36.110]in the form of chromosomes.
[00:08:37.960]So chromosomes are actually going to be DNA
[00:08:41.110]that's all packed up and nicely packed together.
[00:08:46.400]And they form these kind of X shapes
[00:08:48.920]when we take a look at them,
[00:08:50.240]but it's all DNA packed together, okay?
[00:08:55.860]And all living things have a million cells
[00:09:00.660]that are all full of these chromosomes
[00:09:03.210]and the DNA that makes up those chromosomes.
[00:09:06.430]Now, the coolest thing
[00:09:07.720]is that when we take a look at our DNA,
[00:09:11.880]we can actually see the genetic code
[00:09:16.104]in these different little structures
[00:09:17.960]that are held together.
[00:09:19.250]Now here's the problem, though.
[00:09:22.250]It takes a really high powered microscope to see cells.
[00:09:26.470]So if you take a look at your hand,
[00:09:27.990]you're not gonna be able to pick out
[00:09:29.190]all the individual cells
[00:09:30.610]that make up the layer of skin
[00:09:32.710]that you can see on the outside of your body.
[00:09:34.870]Those cells are so small
[00:09:36.740]that you have to have a microscope to see it.
[00:09:39.020]On top of that then,
[00:09:40.310]you have to have an even higher powered microscope
[00:09:43.520]in order to see DNA.
[00:09:45.560]And those are only found in some really fancy labs.
[00:09:48.330]So unfortunately we're not gonna be seeing that
[00:09:50.530]but those, when you get into that microscope
[00:09:54.480]and see that, you can actually see
[00:09:56.260]some of the genetic coding that's happening.
[00:09:59.900]Now, these scientists down here in the corner,
[00:10:03.200]they're actually special scientists.
[00:10:04.810]They're called geneticists.
[00:10:06.710]They are actually working to unravel
[00:10:09.450]the genetic code that makes up all living things.
[00:10:12.380]And when we say unravel,
[00:10:14.090]they're literally taking DNA,
[00:10:16.460]stretching it apart and finding out
[00:10:18.250]where on that DNA is it coding for your eye color?
[00:10:22.830]Where is it coding for
[00:10:24.370]whether or not you're gonna get diabetes.
[00:10:26.630]All of those things
[00:10:28.060]and it's really kind of cool
[00:10:29.150]because that's the techniques that they use
[00:10:31.435]in order to figure out
[00:10:32.900]where some of our ancestors came from.
[00:10:35.610]It will hopefully in the future,
[00:10:37.140]tell us whether or not we need to get certain shots
[00:10:39.910]in order to make sure that we don't,
[00:10:41.430]aren't susceptible to certain diseases.
[00:10:43.740]So geneticists are working to unravel the genetic codes
[00:10:49.730]for each and every animal or living thing out there
[00:10:54.360]so that we can learn more about their history,
[00:10:57.340]where they come from, what diseases they're susceptible to,
[00:11:01.050]what they're immune against
[00:11:04.130]and all those different things
[00:11:05.490]that are just completely fascinating.
[00:11:08.480]Today, you are going to play the role of a geneticists.
[00:11:12.010]You are actually going to take that,
[00:11:13.660]a rooster and a hen
[00:11:15.320]that look very different from each other.
[00:11:17.610]And we're going to see what would happen
[00:11:19.820]if they made it and had offspring.
[00:11:22.840]Are you up for the challenge?
[00:11:25.070]All right, here we go.
[00:11:26.850]So we're gonna take this scenario rooster
[00:11:29.600]and this scenario hen
[00:11:31.170]and pretend like we're crossing them
[00:11:33.620]to see what type of offspring they might have.
[00:11:37.120]So before we actually get started,
[00:11:39.160]I want you to pull out the comparison worksheets
[00:11:42.213]that looks like this.
[00:11:44.710]What we're gonna do is we are going to write down
[00:11:47.030]some of the things that they have in common
[00:11:49.700]and things that are different between the two of them.
[00:11:53.700]I'll pull the pictures both side by side
[00:11:56.030]so that you can see them big on your computer
[00:11:58.890]but feel free to pause while you fill this out.
[00:12:09.530]Now that you have an idea
[00:12:11.050]of the different traits between these two birds,
[00:12:14.160]we're gonna go ahead and get started
[00:12:16.270]with seeing what would happen if we cross them.
[00:12:19.420]So before we do that,
[00:12:20.720]you need to get all of your supplies ready.
[00:12:22.680]So the first thing you need to get is a di.
[00:12:25.800]One of the rolling that you use for maybe a board game.
[00:12:29.560]So maybe you have Candy Land or something like that
[00:12:31.890]where you can actually steal one of those for a moment.
[00:12:35.330]If you do not have that,
[00:12:37.200]you can actually go to www.random.org/dice.
[00:12:42.910]It is, you don't have to download anything.
[00:12:45.310]It's a live internet website.
[00:12:47.480]All you have to do is click roll
[00:12:49.180]and it'll roll the dice for you
[00:12:50.620]and you'll see that, your number there.
[00:12:51.800]So if you don't have any dice around the house,
[00:12:55.200]don't worry, you can use this on your computer
[00:12:57.610]or your tablet, okay?
[00:12:59.450]The next thing you're gonna need
[00:13:00.370]are some colors, colored pencils and markers.
[00:13:02.730]Now, I personally prefer to use colors
[00:13:06.820]because there's a lot more variations in colors,
[00:13:09.360]in our coloring boxes,
[00:13:11.260]rather than our colored pencils or markers,
[00:13:13.010]but you can use whatever you have
[00:13:14.550]and you might have to combine colors
[00:13:16.860]to make it look correct, okay?
[00:13:18.810]And no problem with that.
[00:13:20.810]You're gonna need some scissors, some glue or tape.
[00:13:24.220]Glue tends to work a little bit better in this
[00:13:25.960]but if all you have is tape,
[00:13:27.550]that'll work just fine.
[00:13:28.850]And then the other papers that you're gonna need
[00:13:31.220]are possible offspring pictures.
[00:13:33.600]So we're gonna actually skip the chick phase
[00:13:36.740]because chicks looks so much different
[00:13:38.810]than what they do when they grow up.
[00:13:40.730]So even though we call them a pullet and a cockerel
[00:13:43.570]which are our little baby chicks,
[00:13:45.483]we're going to use the full-size picture
[00:13:50.400]of what they might look like once they grow up, okay?
[00:13:53.540]The other thing that you're gonna need
[00:13:54.750]is the possible combs page.
[00:13:56.944]Those are the different types of combs,
[00:13:59.163]the floppy thing on the top of their head, okay?
[00:14:03.163]Though, you'll have two sets on that paper
[00:14:06.200]so that you can cut out one for each of your chicks
[00:14:10.310]that you're creating.
[00:14:11.700]And then you also are gonna need the chances
[00:14:13.950]are direction sheet, okay?
[00:14:16.410]Now, one thing I do wanna make note of
[00:14:18.540]before we get started is if we were in person
[00:14:22.280]and you had access to all the papers,
[00:14:24.910]you would be able to definitely make sure
[00:14:27.000]that we roll the dice
[00:14:28.240]and see if we were going to do male or female.
[00:14:31.090]In this case,
[00:14:31.970]your teacher may have just sent home
[00:14:34.960]or one male and one female picture
[00:14:37.530]and that is perfectly fine.
[00:14:39.247]If they were able to send home two male and two female,
[00:14:43.080]you're just gonna do,
[00:14:44.200]it just depends on the, the chances of your roll, okay?
[00:14:47.410]So for some of you,
[00:14:49.070]you may have the opportunity to role
[00:14:51.160]and figuring out what the sex
[00:14:52.150]of your chicken is going to be
[00:14:53.487]and some of you, you may not.
[00:14:55.130]You might just have to do one cockerel and one pullet
[00:14:57.720]and that is perfectly fine.
[00:14:59.500]So take a second pause,
[00:15:01.090]get yourself situated,
[00:15:02.600]get all of your materials.
[00:15:03.900]And then roll head right into the activity.
[00:15:08.240]All right, now that we have all of our supplies.
[00:15:10.740]We have all of our papers here in front of us
[00:15:13.350]and I have a dye and some colors
[00:15:16.700]and I actually am using a dye
[00:15:19.290]that I created for a Christmas party,
[00:15:22.070]because I don't have access
[00:15:23.230]to any die at my house,
[00:15:26.300]but you can also use that internet link
[00:15:30.000]that I already gave you.
[00:15:32.593]So if you read your directions here,
[00:15:33.830]talks about how we're gonna create two possible offspring
[00:15:37.290]and you could end up with two roosters two hens
[00:15:42.270]but we're not sure unless we roll our first dice.
[00:15:47.400]So we're gonna roll the first one and see what we get.
[00:15:55.120]We have a five.
[00:15:57.070]So according to this,
[00:15:58.020]it says, if we have an odd number,
[00:16:00.340]then your offspring is going to be a cockerel
[00:16:03.200]which means we need to find the paper cockerel.
[00:16:08.300]This is the one that we're going to continue to color
[00:16:10.900]throughout the rest of our experiment.
[00:16:15.370]Since we have the cockerel,
[00:16:17.130]we are going to actually flip this over
[00:16:19.690]because these are going to be the colors
[00:16:21.880]that we would choose for pullet.
[00:16:23.380]So if you got a pullet,
[00:16:24.540]you would go ahead and continue with these colors
[00:16:27.370]and these options
[00:16:29.490]but we have the cockerel.
[00:16:32.150]So we have to switch over to this side of the paper.
[00:16:34.580]So immediately it says here
[00:16:36.150]that we need to color the neck and cape yellow,
[00:16:38.930]the next one.
[00:16:39.770]So we'll go back and we'll color that here in a minute.
[00:16:42.350]But the next one says to roll the die.
[00:16:44.810]If you roll a one,
[00:16:46.430]you're going to color the breast,
[00:16:49.630]the thigh and the body,
[00:16:54.080]which is all of this right here, brown.
[00:16:57.180]Oops, sorry, great.
[00:17:00.190]If we would roll a two,
[00:17:01.830]we're gonna have to roll again.
[00:17:03.700]Three, four, and five have some different options.
[00:17:07.350]The reason why these are all different options
[00:17:10.130]is because it's the chances of the intermixing
[00:17:14.780]of the two different birds we had.
[00:17:17.550]And that is the chance that they will become that color.
[00:17:22.070]So there's a 25% chance that it will be gray.
[00:17:25.730]25% chance that it'll be brown.
[00:17:28.520]Another twenty-five percent that it will be light gray
[00:17:31.760]and the last 25% chances that it will be black.
[00:17:35.080]So does this mean that every single one of our chicks
[00:17:38.170]are going to have the same color of breast,
[00:17:42.600]thigh and body?
[00:17:44.940]Hmm, something we'll talk about here in the future.
[00:17:48.140]What I want you to do is ahead and continue on
[00:17:51.080]with this and color your first full offspring.
[00:17:58.630]All right, now that you have
[00:18:00.020]your first bird completely covered,
[00:18:03.690]we are actually going to do our second bird.
[00:18:08.050]So you're going to start all the way back
[00:18:10.480]at the beginning here
[00:18:11.930]which will help us determine what the sex
[00:18:14.490]of the bird will be.
[00:18:16.000]So are you going to get another cockerel
[00:18:18.300]or will you get to color a pullet this time?
[00:18:21.760]Yours could be completely different.
[00:18:23.420]So again, we're going to roll even or odd
[00:18:25.980]and then continue on with the correct,
[00:18:28.720]either pullet or cockerel
[00:18:31.280]until you get two birds that are completely colored.
[00:18:37.860]All right, did you guys have
[00:18:39.970]some interesting chicks come out
[00:18:42.810]of your genetic experiment here?
[00:18:46.840]Mine look pretty different.
[00:18:48.240]I'm not going to lie.
[00:18:49.550]So here's my pullet that I actually ended up creating.
[00:18:54.890]And then, because of my chances of rolling the dice,
[00:18:58.940]I actually ended up with a cockerel.
[00:19:00.900]So we know that you have a 50 50 chance
[00:19:05.240]of being female or male.
[00:19:07.269]That's just the odds of the genetics.
[00:19:10.230]And so what we see is that I was actually right spot on,
[00:19:15.160]I did want to each.
[00:19:16.628]It's interesting to see.
[00:19:18.110]It'll be interesting to see
[00:19:19.830]how many of you actually ended up 50 50,
[00:19:22.230]or how many of you got two hens
[00:19:23.850]and how many of you got to cockerels?
[00:19:25.900]So please share that with us,
[00:19:28.000]'cause I always wanna know.
[00:19:30.210]But I want you to take a few seconds
[00:19:32.320]and take a look at mine.
[00:19:33.960]What are some similarities that you see?
[00:19:40.380]Now, what are some differences that you see?
[00:19:45.950]Do you see more similarities than differences or vice versa?
[00:19:53.200]It's really kind of cool to see those differences
[00:19:55.540]that are taking place.
[00:19:58.010]As we look at all of these different birds
[00:20:01.670]that everybody has created.
[00:20:03.900]Now, I have one more thing I wanna actually take a look at
[00:20:07.860]and that is to compare this to our parents.
[00:20:10.640]The initial peep,
[00:20:12.100]or the initial chickens, I should say,
[00:20:14.290]that started this whole thing.
[00:20:16.070]Do your offspring look like it's parents?
[00:20:20.470]Or do they look like each other more than their parents?
[00:20:27.950]And how is it even possible
[00:20:29.650]that a chick can look so different from both of its parents?
[00:20:36.310]Well, it goes back to that whole idea of the DNA.
[00:20:40.310]Remember how I said,
[00:20:41.470]sometimes you can look exactly like the mother
[00:20:43.880]or they can look exactly like the father
[00:20:45.620]or sometimes their genes combine.
[00:20:49.870]So if you drew a pullet, you have an orange head
[00:20:58.210]and an orange neck,
[00:20:59.820]and that is the same for all pullets.
[00:21:02.550]That does not change.
[00:21:03.980]That's because the DNA that is attached
[00:21:08.390]to be in a male or a female
[00:21:11.540]is also attached to the orange color
[00:21:15.670]that attaches to their head and their neck.
[00:21:17.840]So no matter what,
[00:21:19.200]if it is a female it is going to have
[00:21:21.330]that head and neck region.
[00:21:25.470]Now, if you had a cockerel,
[00:21:28.070]it's going to be the same exact thing,
[00:21:30.420]except it's yellow, okay?
[00:21:32.280]So all of our cockerels
[00:21:34.040]are going to have a yellow head
[00:21:35.980]and a yellow neck and a yellow cape.
[00:21:37.940]And that is because when you have
[00:21:40.660]that sex determinant gene,
[00:21:43.410]it is also attached to the color of the head.
[00:21:45.920]And so all of our,
[00:21:48.470]in this situation that we have,
[00:21:50.920]all of our males are going to have yellow
[00:21:52.940]while all of the females are going to have orange.
[00:21:55.320]Now, is that the same for all breeds of chickens?
[00:22:00.600]No, it's not.
[00:22:01.990]Every breed of chicken has something different
[00:22:05.160]that might be attached.
[00:22:06.320]And it just depends on the genetic makeup that there is.
[00:22:10.220]So it's really kind of cool to see if we were,
[00:22:12.230]even if we took a completely different set of chickens
[00:22:14.915]to cross to see what their similarities would be
[00:22:18.340]in every single one of their offspring
[00:22:20.230]that they had in the future.
[00:22:23.550]And that's kind cool, something cool to think about
[00:22:25.710]is chicken genetics can be so very different.
[00:22:30.570]However, there are some things
[00:22:32.190]that are very solid and we know for sure.
[00:22:35.230]So in poultry, the mother actually determines
[00:22:38.670]the sex of the offspring,
[00:22:39.940]which is different from mammals
[00:22:42.710]because it's usually the father's DNA
[00:22:45.330]that will determine whether your offspring
[00:22:47.360]is going to be male or female.
[00:22:49.010]In poultry, it's the opposite.
[00:22:50.420]It's the mother, okay?
[00:22:52.070]We also know that there's 13 genes working together
[00:22:56.950]to determine the color of the egg, ain't that crazy?
[00:23:01.090]So that's why one chicken is going to have
[00:23:04.610]a really dark brown egg.
[00:23:06.299]And then the next 10 could potentially have a green egg.
[00:23:10.450]And it's because of the breed that they are, okay?
[00:23:14.000]But it also is determined
[00:23:17.120]by 13 different genes coming together to say
[00:23:20.770]this hen is going to have this color egg shell,
[00:23:24.650]which is a pretty awesome thing to think about.
[00:23:27.350]But another really cool fact
[00:23:29.570]that I find interesting about eight shells
[00:23:31.730]is that when it's time for the egg to get its pigmentation,
[00:23:35.060]the hen actually uses the pigmentation from her legs
[00:23:38.610]and your lobes to color the egg.
[00:23:41.600]And as the older she gets,
[00:23:43.520]the less color she'll have in her ear lobe
[00:23:46.550]because that pigmentation
[00:23:48.260]can't always be renewed back up into those ear lobes.
[00:23:52.960]So there's some pretty cool things happening with genetics
[00:23:55.958]not only with chickens,
[00:23:57.480]but with all species on our planet.
[00:24:00.358]This just kind of gives you an insight
[00:24:02.920]of what it would be like to be a geneticists learning
[00:24:05.560]about different genetic codes and DNA.
[00:24:08.358]I hope that you guys learned a little bit
[00:24:10.790]about why chickens look like they do,
[00:24:13.480]why they have so many different colors
[00:24:15.480]and so many variations of egg colors,
[00:24:18.160]because it's all in the DNA.
[00:24:21.390]So before we close up with our paper one last time,
[00:24:23.910]I wanted to remind you guys to share your pictures
[00:24:27.330]of your pullets and your cockerels with us
[00:24:29.630]by going onto social media and #NE4HEGGS.
[00:24:34.400]That way we can all see
[00:24:35.950]what we're getting for results
[00:24:37.460]in this really cool genetic experiment.
[00:24:40.650]Thank you guys for joining me today.
[00:24:42.780]We sure have learned a lot.
[00:24:44.030]We've learned about DNA and chromosomes
[00:24:46.830]and how our DNA is actually the code that shows
[00:24:50.918]our different physical traits.
[00:24:53.440]And then of course,
[00:24:54.273]we found out that just because your,
[00:24:57.010]the parents look one way
[00:24:58.530]doesn't mean that the offspring
[00:24:59.800]is going to look exactly like it.
[00:25:02.500]I'm super glad that you guys did
[00:25:03.860]this activity with me today.
[00:25:05.390]And I can't wait to see you again next week.
[00:25:10.180]Before we officially go, though,
[00:25:12.030]I want you to take out your questions page again
[00:25:14.910]so that we can take a look and see
[00:25:16.370]if there are any questions
[00:25:17.800]that we were able to answer today.
[00:25:19.580]Go ahead and take the time to write down those answers
[00:25:22.910]so that we can review them later.
[00:25:25.440]And as always remember to keep this paper safe.
[00:25:30.180]We'll need it again for the next lesson.
[00:25:35.680]Thank you for joining us today on this third lesson
[00:25:38.720]of Embryology 101.
[00:25:40.920]We hope that you continue
[00:25:42.040]with the next lesson titled The Traveling Egg
[00:25:44.680]as you continue this virtual journey
[00:25:46.470]through embryo development.
[00:25:48.270]See you again next time
[00:25:49.480]on Embryology 101 developed by Nebraska Extension.
[00:25:53.565](upbeat music)

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Embryology 101 - Lesson 3: Build-A-Chick

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