University of Nebraska Alternative Crops Breeding Program

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Author

08/13/2020 Added

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[00:00:00.316](upbeat music)
[00:00:04.700]Hi, this is Dr. Dipak Santra
[00:00:07.460]alternative crops breeding specialist
[00:00:09.620]at the University of Nebraska.
[00:00:11.840]My job is to find a new crops for Western Nebraska
[00:00:15.900]to improve the sustainability of the production system.
[00:00:19.250]So I work on three, four different groups of crop,
[00:00:23.420]small grain, primarily proso millet.
[00:00:26.940]Then pulses or legumes or beans
[00:00:30.200]that involves pea, lentil, garbanzo bean
[00:00:35.000]and then oil seed crop,
[00:00:36.470]which involves canola, mustard and sunflower.
[00:00:42.260]And try to find a new crops for this area
[00:00:44.980]so that farmers can diversify their production system,
[00:00:48.190]their farms to improve the sustainability index
[00:00:51.370]of Western Nebraska's farming system.
[00:00:54.120]Now this plot in front of me is a winter canola.
[00:00:57.520]This is ready to harvest.
[00:00:58.800]We probably will harvest maybe today, end of today
[00:01:02.900]or maybe tomorrow.
[00:01:05.660]This is winter canola.
[00:01:08.860]I think about 50 plus different genetics we planted here.
[00:01:13.030]My objective is to find out what is the best winter canola
[00:01:17.530]genetics for Western Nebraska.
[00:01:20.780]One of these crop is Brown mustard,
[00:01:23.150]and it will fit well under irrigate and production system,
[00:01:26.410]maybe dry land, so we are trying to find the best genetics,
[00:01:29.930]which is adapted to the Western Nebraska.
[00:01:32.320]So this plot is a Brown muster plot.
[00:01:34.730]We'll be harvesting probably in 10 days or so.
[00:01:37.630]And that's what we do.
[00:01:38.900]This is one of my many crops in my portfolio.
[00:01:42.180]This millet nursery has two different trial.
[00:01:45.690]One is a mapping population.
[00:01:47.710]We are trying to find important gene
[00:01:50.880]for important agronomic traits
[00:01:53.030]which is important for Western Nebraska,
[00:01:55.760]shattering, lodging tolerance, and many other genes.
[00:01:59.930]We are trying to map the genes on proso milit genome
[00:02:03.400]develop some diagnostic marker
[00:02:05.880]for our breeding selection.
[00:02:08.120]That is project number one.
[00:02:09.720]Second project just behind me.
[00:02:12.660]This is a diversity panel.
[00:02:15.200]We have about 500 different genetics
[00:02:18.200]collected from all over the world
[00:02:20.090]from USDA Germplasm bank.
[00:02:22.320]And we are trying to identify
[00:02:24.190]the most valuable parents per our crossing program.
[00:02:28.260]So parents put a donor for important traits.
[00:02:31.330]We are trying to find out is that any genotype
[00:02:34.930]which is resistant to lodging, resistant to shuttering.
[00:02:38.877]Bigger seed size, bigger head size.
[00:02:42.670]So that we can use in our program.
[00:02:45.260]And as you see here, you'll see lots of difference
[00:02:47.890]like, diversity.
[00:02:49.580]As you see, this is little bit,
[00:02:51.090]this is leaf it's kind of light, cannot live.
[00:02:54.360]And this is broader leaf, probably this is better.
[00:02:57.040]If you see this side
[00:03:01.670]here, this particular genetics see Yola.
[00:03:05.840]That means this is susceptible to iron chlorosis,
[00:03:08.750]whereas this is not.
[00:03:10.730]So when the farmers they plant,
[00:03:12.210]they do not like to see this kind of plant.
[00:03:14.320]So that's why it is important to know that oil
[00:03:17.630]will not use this one.
[00:03:19.150]So those are the kinds of information
[00:03:20.700]I'm trying to find out here.
[00:03:22.200]So that we can use that useful line in our breeding program
[00:03:25.800]to develop a better, more adaptable
[00:03:28.620]proso millet varieties for the farmers
[00:03:31.800]in Western Nebraska in the whole central high plains,
[00:03:35.030]Eastern Colorado, South Dakota, in fact, whole country.
[00:03:38.960]My proso millet breeding program
[00:03:40.800]at the University of Nebraska
[00:03:42.570]is the one lead breeding program in the country.
[00:03:46.040]And probably one of the top three in the world.
[00:03:49.600]Hi, I'm Rituraj
[00:03:50.560]I'm a PhD student at the university of Nebraska.
[00:03:54.210]As Dipak mentioned, we have three major projects
[00:03:57.420]in proso millet at the University of Nebraska.
[00:04:00.770]The goal of the first project is to map genes
[00:04:05.090]linked to some important traits like lodging and shattering,
[00:04:08.030]and also identify some molecular markers
[00:04:11.940]which can be used for marker assisted selection
[00:04:15.570]of proso millet.
[00:04:16.770]The second project is to study the genetic
[00:04:19.310]and morphological diversity of the USDA jumpers
[00:04:22.160]and collection.
[00:04:23.630]The information from my study is going to help identify
[00:04:27.360]parents for, to make improve proso millet varieties.
[00:04:31.920]And also an associates panel can be developed
[00:04:36.230]using that information,
[00:04:37.370]which can be used for genome wide association studies.
[00:04:42.060]The third project is to study the efficiency
[00:04:45.760]and the applicability of a high throughput phenotyping
[00:04:50.310]and proso millet for that.
[00:04:52.460]We're going to take drone images
[00:04:54.060]and we're going to compare the data from drone images
[00:04:56.840]to traditional phenotypic data.
[00:05:00.530]And if we see a high correlation between the two data types,
[00:05:03.990]then we can incorporate high throughput phenotyping
[00:05:06.600]into proso millet breeding program
[00:05:08.760]which will make the existing building program
[00:05:12.340]more precise and cost effective.
[00:05:15.460]The overall goal of my research is to develop these tools
[00:05:19.890]that is going to make presumable breeding more robust
[00:05:23.620]and efficient.
[00:05:25.140]This is industrial hemp.
[00:05:27.590]I'm doing testing of different CBD type
[00:05:31.380]industrial hemp varieties
[00:05:32.890]in collaboration with Western farm seeds in town.
[00:05:37.650]So I have three different varieties here
[00:05:39.500]planted in replicated Fasten.
[00:05:41.330]This is the first year
[00:05:42.270]the stand is very poor as you see.
[00:05:44.460]But I'm happy to see few plants here and there
[00:05:48.560]and will grow til that maturity
[00:05:52.030]not match with the seed maturity of the trichomes.
[00:05:56.020]And then we'll harvest those three
[00:05:58.340]different varieties trichome, you estimate chemically,
[00:06:01.930]the CBD content and THC.
[00:06:05.750]Their THC was supposed to be less than 0.3%,
[00:06:09.560]which is the maximum limit of the state of Nebraska.
[00:06:13.830]So I want to see if any of these three
[00:06:16.760]industrial hemp varieties, THC is going above 0.3.
[00:06:20.430]That is big no, no, no for future use
[00:06:22.660]or commercial production.
[00:06:24.170]And I want to see the CBD person
[00:06:26.400]higher the CBD, is better the market value.
[00:06:29.020]So this is the first year
[00:06:30.240]I have just hear different varieties.
[00:06:32.300]In the future, next year I'll have 10 different varieties,
[00:06:35.210]so I'll keep on testing, but primarily higher CBD is good.
[00:06:40.550]Lower THC is good.
[00:06:42.430]And other adaptability are they maturing on time
[00:06:46.820]and height, their harvest easiness, all sorts of things.
[00:06:51.990]But primarily dollar value, high CBD, low THC.
[00:06:56.400]Those are the two things I'm trying to see.
[00:06:58.200]And this is the first year
[00:06:59.690]and we'll have more testing in future.
[00:07:03.243](upbeat music)

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University of Nebraska Alternative Crops Breeding Program

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