Spotted Lanternfly & EAB update

Luqi Li Author

08/03/2020 Added

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David Olson - Spotted Laternfly & EAB Update

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[00:00:01.172](upbeat music)
[00:00:11.570]Hi everyone.
[00:00:12.403]This is David Olson with the Nebraska Forest Service.
[00:00:14.990]Today I'm gonna be talking about a new invasive insect,
[00:00:18.270]the spotted lanternfly, which I've called the next invader,
[00:00:22.208]basically because this insect pictured here
[00:00:25.270]in several of its life stages has the potential
[00:00:27.990]to really become the next major insect pest invasive-wise
[00:00:32.450]that we face in the United States.
[00:00:34.810]At the end,
[00:00:35.777]I will also be giving a brief update on where we're at
[00:00:38.180]as far as emerald ash borer infestation within the State,
[00:00:41.870]and kind of what that and the quarantine is currently
[00:00:44.460]for that look like.
[00:00:47.237]So spotted lanternfly is a spreading threat.
[00:00:50.840]Currently, this is a pest that's not in Nebraska.
[00:00:53.880]It's found mainly in the Northeast
[00:00:56.410]kind of central East United States right now.
[00:01:00.360]But just to give you an idea of what we're looking at,
[00:01:02.860]the tree on the left is absolutely covered
[00:01:06.080]in hundreds if not thousands of spotted lanternfly adults.
[00:01:10.180]These are insects that feed
[00:01:11.890]with piercing sucking mouth parts.
[00:01:13.600]So all these adults are actually piercing through
[00:01:16.060]the bark of the tree to feed on it in some spots.
[00:01:20.050]And you can see them,
[00:01:20.883]they tend to kind of conglomerate just like this
[00:01:23.330]when they're feeding
[00:01:24.163]and you can imagine infestations on this level,
[00:01:27.270]this is fairly common to see now down
[00:01:29.760]in Southeastern Pennsylvania.
[00:01:31.920]Up in the upper right hand corner,
[00:01:33.530]we have a picture of the offending insect as adults.
[00:01:37.610]Those are three adults, spotted lanternfly there,
[00:01:40.940]quite a unique insect.
[00:01:42.550]The family Fulgoridae actually wasn't present
[00:01:45.620]in North America until
[00:01:46.780]these little guys made their appearance.
[00:01:49.040]So quite different.
[00:01:49.990]If you're familiar with any sort of insect identification,
[00:01:53.990]these will look very, very different to you.
[00:01:56.520]And then down in the lower-right hand corner,
[00:01:58.910]something we'll talk about a little bit later,
[00:02:01.150]these are the egg masses of them.
[00:02:02.870]They kind of resemble mud,
[00:02:04.380]and they're part of the reason this insect
[00:02:06.730]is spreading so quickly and is kind of becoming
[00:02:09.030]a regulatory nightmare as far as trying to contain it.
[00:02:14.430]So spotted lanternfly is a fairly newcomer to the game
[00:02:20.010]as far as invasive species go.
[00:02:21.770]It was first discovered just outside
[00:02:23.419]of Reading, Pennsylvania in the year 2013,
[00:02:27.000]which is where that red star is on the map,
[00:02:29.090]kind of down in the Southeast corner of Pennsylvania.
[00:02:32.140]It's believed that it's only been here since about 2012.
[00:02:35.240]And they think it was actually brought in
[00:02:37.300]on an ornamental rock shipment that came probably
[00:02:39.670]from somewhere in Southeast Asia
[00:02:41.320]where these guys are native to.
[00:02:43.710]It is a newcomer to the game,
[00:02:45.490]basically because a lot of the invasive species
[00:02:47.740]that we deal with,
[00:02:49.160]things like emerald ash borer have only been here
[00:02:51.240]since probably the mid 1990's, maybe a little bit earlier.
[00:02:54.720]Japanese beetle now has been in the United States
[00:02:56.830]for decades upon decades.
[00:02:58.990]A lot of the invasive species that we deal with,
[00:03:03.318]they have been here for a long time, excuse me.
[00:03:06.600]And that kind of makes spotted lanternfly unique because
[00:03:09.050]this is a pest that's really exploding in terms of
[00:03:12.040]how quickly it's spreading.
[00:03:13.820]And it hasn't even been here for a full decade yet,
[00:03:16.700]which makes things a little bit scary.
[00:03:19.870]So moving forward from that 2013 find,
[00:03:22.560]if we flash forward to today,
[00:03:24.760]this was a map produced by Cornell University.
[00:03:28.000]If you wanna keep up to date on this,
[00:03:29.530]I would highly recommend Cornell university's website,
[00:03:32.080]just Google search in that and spotted lanternfly
[00:03:34.730]will bring this or you to this website.
[00:03:37.800]This is put out by them.
[00:03:39.660]And it basically shows the current spread
[00:03:42.010]of spotted lanternfly.
[00:03:43.500]This was current as of March of this year.
[00:03:45.870]We'll probably be getting updated again
[00:03:47.520]at the end of the growing season when surveys have finished.
[00:03:50.890]The blue in this case shows all the places
[00:03:53.770]where spotted lanternfly has established populations,
[00:03:57.210]which means that it has breeding established populations
[00:04:01.150]within an area.
[00:04:02.860]You can see that that area pretty much covers
[00:04:05.550]in that large blob there,
[00:04:06.830]the Southeast corner of Pennsylvania,
[00:04:08.660]kind of going out into the middle of the State.
[00:04:10.900]And it's also spread into nearby States in New Jersey,
[00:04:13.954]Delaware, and Maryland.
[00:04:15.960]One of the first two major concerning things about this
[00:04:19.930]are the two other small little blue spots on the map.
[00:04:22.850]You notice one there in Western Pennsylvania,
[00:04:25.310]that's just outside of Pittsburgh.
[00:04:27.260]And you notice one in Northern Virginia there
[00:04:30.180]that has since spread into West Virginia as well.
[00:04:33.720]These are what we refer to as satellite populations.
[00:04:36.950]And this is a little bit worrisome
[00:04:40.310]because with satellite populations,
[00:04:43.020]it's basically when the pest makes a long jump,
[00:04:45.360]usually helped along by humans.
[00:04:47.750]And it allows that insect to spread even more quickly.
[00:04:51.490]It makes eradication and management that much more difficult
[00:04:54.680]because we're suddenly fighting an insect or a pest
[00:04:57.280]on multiple fronts.
[00:04:58.780]This is what has happened with a number of invasive species.
[00:05:01.620]This also happened with emerald ash borer,
[00:05:03.540]which led to emerald ash bore the situation,
[00:05:06.810]especially up around the great lakes quickly escalating
[00:05:10.050]out of control back in the early 2000's.
[00:05:13.730]The other worrisome thing that speaks to how quickly
[00:05:16.870]this insect can spread and the long distances it can cover,
[00:05:20.210]you'll notice all the red dots on the map,
[00:05:23.090]one in probably each County where it's present.
[00:05:26.160]Those are individual detections,
[00:05:28.060]either of spotted lanternfly adults, or nymphs,
[00:05:30.500]or even the egg mass that were surveyed
[00:05:33.280]and found not to be an actual infestation.
[00:05:35.800]They had an established breeding population there.
[00:05:38.350]But they believe it's where they caught it hopefully early.
[00:05:42.270]That's still concerning because you'll notice New York
[00:05:45.260]is pretty well shot through with these at this point.
[00:05:48.500]You also have adults that were found in Connecticut.
[00:05:52.700]In other parts of Virginia,
[00:05:54.240]there was actually a shipment of poinsettias brought
[00:05:56.560]into Boston two winters ago
[00:05:59.080]where nymphs hatched out in a greenhouse.
[00:06:02.629]I think there was a shipment that came into New York Harbor
[00:06:05.368]that was infested with spotted lanternfly coming
[00:06:08.040]from Philadelphia.
[00:06:09.340]And you'll notice even one is far away down
[00:06:11.810]in the Western corner of North Carolina,
[00:06:15.550]up in the mountains there,
[00:06:16.610]there was actually a find as well.
[00:06:18.580]And this just speaks to how quickly this pest is spreading
[00:06:23.010]and probably can be expected to spread in the future
[00:06:25.960]since this is less than a decade into its invasion.
[00:06:31.510]Now when invasive species attempt
[00:06:33.850]to basically become an invasive species,
[00:06:36.780]there are several hurdles that we talk about
[00:06:38.870]that they have to overcome.
[00:06:40.790]Usually things that their new location has to meet
[00:06:43.950]in order for them to actually survive
[00:06:46.140]and be able to reproduce and set up that life cycle.
[00:06:50.100]And one of those key things that they need
[00:06:52.070]is a host plant or a host material.
[00:06:53.980]They need something to feed on.
[00:06:55.500]If that's not there, they're going to die.
[00:06:57.120]And the invasion's going to fail.
[00:06:59.900]Fortunately for spotted lanternfly,
[00:07:01.447]and kind of unfortunately for us,
[00:07:04.710]that host was already here.
[00:07:06.460]This is tree of heaven which many of you will probably know,
[00:07:10.400]people that have to deal with this tree probably
[00:07:12.480]have a lot more colorful names for it.
[00:07:15.000]It's a major nuisance tree.
[00:07:17.210]It loves to spring up in disturbed sites.
[00:07:19.970]It loves to send up suckers.
[00:07:21.280]If you try to cut it down
[00:07:22.430]and it smells like rotten peanut butter.
[00:07:25.240]As I mentioned, loves disturbed sites,
[00:07:26.860]can be found growing up in cracks and city sidewalks.
[00:07:29.370]I've actually seen one in Carney, Nebraska
[00:07:31.130]that was about six feet tall growing
[00:07:32.500]on the roof of a building downtown, which was interesting,
[00:07:35.820]but just speaks to how invasive this species of tree is.
[00:07:40.876]This happens to be the favorite host of spotted lanternfly.
[00:07:45.940]It's actually from where spotted lanternfly
[00:07:47.534]is from originally. So they love this tree.
[00:07:50.800]And when they first showed up,
[00:07:52.330]hey, their host species was already here.
[00:07:55.250]Now tree of heaven has actually been
[00:07:57.270]in the U.S. for quite a long time,
[00:07:58.840]almost as long as the United States has been a country.
[00:08:01.787]Most records indicate they think it's been in Philadelphia
[00:08:05.760]since at least the 1780's, which is kind of interesting.
[00:08:10.320]And we kind of think, well, hey, we got this pest
[00:08:12.434]that comes in and it eats this nuisance tree.
[00:08:15.540]That's pretty cool, right?
[00:08:16.710]If it's eating already invasive species,
[00:08:19.460]maybe this'll act like some sort of bio-control.
[00:08:22.240]Unfortunately, that's not all spotted lanternfly eats.
[00:08:25.702]Spotted lanternfly loves a lot of different things.
[00:08:29.270]It really seems to love things like apples and stone fruit,
[00:08:32.808]grapes and hops,
[00:08:34.440]and a number of different trees that will also get on it.
[00:08:36.910]And I have a feeling that as this pest begins to expand,
[00:08:40.130]and as we learn more about it,
[00:08:41.670]we'll find probably even more hosts
[00:08:43.940]that it loves to feed on.
[00:08:45.440]But you can see in these two pictures
[00:08:47.570]spotted lanternfly adults absolutely covering
[00:08:51.130]and feeding on Apple trees and grape vines
[00:08:54.750]and doing considerable damage as they're feeding
[00:08:56.940]on these things too,
[00:08:57.940]because remember they're creating small wounds
[00:09:00.320]through the bark producing material
[00:09:04.250]that effectively stops photosynthesis on the leaves
[00:09:07.110]that we'll talk about in a little bit.
[00:09:08.700]And they suck a lot of sap out of these things too
[00:09:11.500]to the point where some growers are reporting
[00:09:13.760]up to a 90% loss of production because of this.
[00:09:18.230]Now spotted lanternfly is a true bug.
[00:09:21.180]So it has an incomplete life cycle,
[00:09:23.020]which basically means it has an egg, a nymph, and an adult.
[00:09:27.230]So they lay their eggs usually in the mid to late fall.
[00:09:31.370]And those eggs will over winter until late spring,
[00:09:34.210]early summer when they'll hatch.
[00:09:36.250]They will become nymphs.
[00:09:38.140]The nymphs, the first three instars,
[00:09:40.590]which are basically just growing stages.
[00:09:43.430]They look kind of like mini adults without the wings,
[00:09:45.730]but they're black with a white polka dots here.
[00:09:48.210]And then in the fourth instar,
[00:09:49.660]they actually develop this red color on them.
[00:09:52.410]Now around mid July,
[00:09:54.940]usually they tend to molt into their adult form,
[00:09:57.780]which has these large wings.
[00:10:01.230]And we'll go over the idea a little bit more
[00:10:03.340]about that later.
[00:10:05.450]But basically then these adults will hang out
[00:10:07.610]until probably about mid fall
[00:10:09.040]as they're mating and laying their eggs,
[00:10:10.570]and then ultimately starting the next generation.
[00:10:14.610]So spotted lanternflies have quite an impact on the trees,
[00:10:18.890]and the different vines, and the hosts that they feed on.
[00:10:21.369]They decrease production of a lot of these fruiting trees
[00:10:25.390]and fruiting vines because they produce sooty mold.
[00:10:29.230]Well, they don't directly produce sooty mold,
[00:10:31.020]but basically they pierce holes in the sides of the bark,
[00:10:34.780]which causes sap to weep out.
[00:10:36.220]And then they're also excreting honeydew,
[00:10:38.400]which is a fancy way of saying their excrement.
[00:10:40.870]And these are full of sugars,
[00:10:42.148]which sooty mold fungus will form on.
[00:10:45.520]And when this gets on the leaves
[00:10:46.870]will actually block photosynthesis from occurring.
[00:10:49.710]They also suck out huge amounts of sap.
[00:10:52.136]They feed so voraciously that it's actually been impossible
[00:10:57.100]so far to keep them alive in a lab setting,
[00:10:59.650]just because they go through materials so quickly.
[00:11:02.990]So they can do quite a bit of damage to trees and vines.
[00:11:06.750]Some vineyards have actually been destroyed by this pest.
[00:11:11.080]And even trees, I think in the long run,
[00:11:13.400]will start to see a decline if they're being fed on
[00:11:16.440]by this pest over and over and over.
[00:11:20.470]Now the big thing that we're concerned about
[00:11:22.410]with spotted lanternfly is its overall spread.
[00:11:25.470]As I noted, it's not in Nebraska yet that we know of.
[00:11:30.080]It very well could be here and we just don't know it.
[00:11:32.790]But the main method that these guys are spreading
[00:11:35.100]is through human spread. We humans are helping them.
[00:11:39.250]And they're laying their eggs on things like tree branches,
[00:11:42.520]but they're also laying them on about
[00:11:45.200]any hard surface they can find.
[00:11:46.940]You see here a picnic bench that has just six
[00:11:49.150]in this one camera shot.
[00:11:50.610]They'll lay them on cars, on trucks, on trailers,
[00:11:53.090]on lawn chairs, on anything that's outside,
[00:11:56.130]cinder block stone, you name it.
[00:11:59.250]They're kind of like gypsy moth in that regard,
[00:12:01.330]and their egg masses look kind of like mud.
[00:12:04.550]So they can be very hard to see.
[00:12:07.478]The picture on the lower left here,
[00:12:09.290]the egg masses are very, very well blended in,
[00:12:12.360]especially when they're laid on bark or a gray material.
[00:12:15.560]They kind of just look like mud
[00:12:16.770]that's been splashed against the bark.
[00:12:19.120]Later on when they do have that mud covering fall away,
[00:12:23.760]when they hatch you'll notice there's kind of
[00:12:25.570]these pod like structures underneath
[00:12:28.220]that are fairly easy to identify.
[00:12:30.130]And these egg masses are gonna be present from anywhere
[00:12:32.450]from the late fall into mid spring
[00:12:34.400]is when you're gonna primarily be looking for these.
[00:12:37.420]They're gonna probably be on tree of heaven, if anything.
[00:12:41.160]But they could also be on, as I mentioned,
[00:12:43.120]just about any other hard surface.
[00:12:46.950]During the growing season, of course,
[00:12:48.650]we're gonna be looking for first,
[00:12:49.900]the nymphs in late spring, early summer,
[00:12:52.100]transitioning to the adult.
[00:12:54.050]Remember the nymphs kind of look like
[00:12:55.350]these little miniature plant hoppers
[00:12:57.360]a little bit like spider.
[00:12:59.900]Some people think they're black with the white polka dots.
[00:13:02.450]Then they get that red coloration,
[00:13:04.290]which makes them even stand out even more
[00:13:07.230]when they become that fourth instar nymph,
[00:13:09.250]and then they're gonna become adults.
[00:13:10.920]Now the adults are about an inch in length,
[00:13:13.480]maybe a little bit over an inch in length with the wings.
[00:13:17.020]And their wings are gonna be folded up
[00:13:18.400]over them like a tent.
[00:13:20.320]And you'll notice they're kind of gray
[00:13:22.130]with this line pattern on the tip,
[00:13:23.790]and then the black polka dots further up.
[00:13:26.250]If they actually spread the wing,
[00:13:28.030]the underwing has this bright
[00:13:29.610]kind of strawberry red color underneath it
[00:13:32.470]that's very easy to see.
[00:13:35.660]And then the females are gonna have
[00:13:37.070]this bright yellow abdomen,
[00:13:38.850]which is where the name lanternfly comes from.
[00:13:41.590]You can also look for the seeping wounds
[00:13:43.500]that these guys are gonna leave on host plants as well
[00:13:47.092]if you think that they might be in the area,
[00:13:50.390]probably once again going to be on tree of heaven.
[00:13:54.180]Now the Nebraska Forest Service on our website
[00:13:56.500]does have guides for this.
[00:13:58.360]We have one that is basically a little try sheet guide,
[00:14:01.970]or like a third of a sheet kind of meant
[00:14:03.730]to be carried around in a truck or a pocket.
[00:14:06.150]Just has pictures of the adults and the nymphs and the eggs,
[00:14:09.090]kind of just to remind you to keep an eye out for
[00:14:11.040]when you're out there.
[00:14:12.130]The other one is actually a full sheet front and back
[00:14:14.710]that has images of the adults, nymphs, and eggs.
[00:14:17.550]And compares them,
[00:14:19.270]these images with images of native things
[00:14:21.760]that you might encounter
[00:14:22.660]that might look very similar to this.
[00:14:25.330]Now if you do think that you found spotted lanternfly
[00:14:28.390]in any of its forms,
[00:14:29.780]please don't hesitate to contact us
[00:14:31.850]at the Nebraska Forest Service
[00:14:33.600]or the Nebraska Department of Agriculture.
[00:14:36.040]This is definitely something we'd rather have thousands
[00:14:38.671]of false alarms than that one positive one
[00:14:42.642]that stayed hidden for a decade and no one told us about.
[00:14:47.730]If you're ever suspicious, if you can get the insect,
[00:14:50.010]that's the best thing.
[00:14:50.880]just throw it in the bag, throw it in the freezer.
[00:14:53.210]Probably take pictures and note the location
[00:14:56.070]and the date that you got it.
[00:14:58.050]Usually by a picture,
[00:14:59.010]we're able to tell if it's something negative
[00:15:01.450]or if it needs more investigation.
[00:15:03.950]But always just err on the side of caution.
[00:15:06.200]Don't hesitate to forward this stuff to us
[00:15:08.690]if you think you see it.
[00:15:12.186]An update as well, that was spotted lanternfly.
[00:15:15.620]But I just wanted to give a quick update on where we're at
[00:15:18.200]as far as emerald ash borer is concerned in Nebraska.
[00:15:21.860]You might've heard,
[00:15:22.990]but there was a find of emerald ash borer
[00:15:25.480]in Carney, Nebraska.
[00:15:26.770]City crews found it on a street tree in the actual town.
[00:15:32.870]And that does mark the farthest west
[00:15:35.310]that emerald ash borer has been found in the State.
[00:15:37.890]It's quite a bit of a leap.
[00:15:39.310]We were talking about satellite populations earlier
[00:15:41.550]with spotted lanternfly.
[00:15:43.060]And this certainly is a satellite population
[00:15:46.270]now for Nebraska.
[00:15:48.770]I would say it was almost definitely moved there
[00:15:50.899]by human movement is kind of a reminder
[00:15:53.900]not to move firewood.
[00:15:55.490]But as of this year so far,
[00:15:58.870]that new Carney find is the only new update
[00:16:01.180]you'll see farther on the right-hand side of that map.
[00:16:04.210]Our usual locations in Omaha and Fremont, Lincoln, Ashland,
[00:16:10.290]Greenwood, places like that where EAB has been found.
[00:16:14.310]The quarantine, you can see there in kind of the red outline
[00:16:20.590]that has not been updated yet.
[00:16:22.380]The Nebraska Department of Agriculture
[00:16:24.020]will probably be updating that
[00:16:25.810]at the end of the growing season.
[00:16:27.020]So be on the lookout for that sometime this fall.
[00:16:30.380]I would be surprised if there wasn't a quarantine
[00:16:33.330]of some sort put into place out near Carney.
[00:16:36.700]Basically what it just means is that you can't take
[00:16:40.210]any ash material, or any hardwood, firewood, or mulch
[00:16:44.760]that's all hardwood, firewood, and mulch
[00:16:46.930]out of that quarantine area without proper documentation
[00:16:49.994]from the Nebraska Department of Ag.
[00:16:53.060]It can come into that quarantine area from outside,
[00:16:55.320]but it cannot leave that area.
[00:16:58.230]So just be aware of that.
[00:16:59.610]And of course we always recommend, the slogan,
[00:17:02.282]buy it where you burn it.
[00:17:04.590]Don't move firewood around because there's a lot
[00:17:06.680]of other invasive pests out there that are trying
[00:17:09.598]to look for a little foothold
[00:17:12.210]to get in throughout the State.
[00:17:17.130]That's the update on EAB.
[00:17:19.150]Hopefully, you'll be on the lookout
[00:17:20.460]for spotted lanternfly yet.
[00:17:21.970]My hope is that we don't find it in Nebraska,
[00:17:24.430]I would say forever.
[00:17:25.440]But it's probably gonna get here eventually.
[00:17:26.760]So hopefully, not for a very long time.
[00:17:29.130]Of course, if you have any questions for me,
[00:17:33.420]I believe we're doing a session later on
[00:17:36.136]that I'll be able to take questions that you have about this
[00:17:38.930]or about emerald dashboard or about anything else
[00:17:40.650]that the forest service is doing right now.
[00:17:44.400]And of course you can always email me
[00:17:45.890]at davidolson@unl.edu.
[00:17:49.373]Thank you.
[00:17:50.400](upbeat)

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Spotted Lanternfly & EAB update

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