Weed Control Update

Luqi Li Author

08/03/2020 Added

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Dr. Roch Gaussoin - Weed Control Update

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[00:00:02.418](upbeat music)
[00:00:21.510]Greetings I'm Roch Gaussoin,
[00:00:23.090]extension turf grass specialist
[00:00:24.580]at the University of Nebraska.
[00:00:26.450]It's a pleasure for me to present my presentation
[00:00:29.481]for the 2020 Nebraska virtual turf grass field day.
[00:00:34.060]We're gonna be talking about
[00:00:34.893]the new herbicides that are out there
[00:00:36.560]and how they might apply to your particular facility.
[00:00:47.331]Gonna have a little outline
[00:00:48.371]about what we're gonna cover today.
[00:00:50.800]I would be remiscing,
[00:00:51.750]not talking about weed management as management first.
[00:00:55.800]The things you do prior to the herbicide application
[00:00:58.826]are critical to reducing the amount of pesticide inputs,
[00:01:02.240]especially herbicides.
[00:01:03.667]Then we're gonna move into new products,
[00:01:05.630]and finally, we're gonna end
[00:01:06.660]with several years worth of data
[00:01:08.600]we have on organic options.
[00:01:10.220]Some promising information with certain caveats.
[00:01:15.740]Also need to have this disclaimer.
[00:01:17.146]This presentation describes
[00:01:18.599]federally registered pesticides products
[00:01:21.360]that are also registered
[00:01:22.193]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture
[00:01:24.410]for weed control on turf and ornamentals.
[00:01:26.360]Pesticides listed are for educational purposes
[00:01:29.330]and does not imply endorsement or non endorsement
[00:01:32.130]of testified is not mentioned.
[00:01:34.100]Always refer to the product label
[00:01:35.620]for proper use instructions.
[00:01:37.400]With that out of the way let's get started.
[00:01:40.700]Successful weed management
[00:01:42.900]always requires proper turf grass management.
[00:01:45.960]It can be irrigation, mowing, fertility, pest stress,
[00:01:49.620]all of these things affect how well
[00:01:52.500]or how adapted a weed can be
[00:01:54.580]to invading that space
[00:01:56.300]you're trying to keep pristine and functional.
[00:02:00.950]One of the examples I like to use
[00:02:02.790]is the recent work by one of our graduate students,
[00:02:05.050]now a postdoctoral research associate, Luci Lee.
[00:02:07.940]He grew the yellow nutsedge
[00:02:09.970]with and without the presence
[00:02:12.159]of an actively growing well managed turf.
[00:02:14.956]And this picture, you see the plots
[00:02:16.298]that were a hundred percent nutsedge
[00:02:18.221]and you see the other plots that have a Kentucky bluegrass.
[00:02:21.338]The interesting thing here
[00:02:22.870]is that was a single yellow nutsedge plant
[00:02:25.209]planted in each one of these
[00:02:26.540]little three by three plots,
[00:02:28.520]and this is the growth at the end of one year.
[00:02:31.556]If we think about it,
[00:02:32.930]that's a really defining sort of example
[00:02:36.590]of how management or that turf
[00:02:38.236]competes with the undesirable weeds.
[00:02:41.100]So if we manage the growth correctly,
[00:02:42.676]we can minimize the weed invasion.
[00:02:45.057]But what's even more impressive than this,
[00:02:47.010]it's when he took soil samples and washed them off
[00:02:50.230]and counted the number of tubers
[00:02:51.681]is how many, tubers were present when turf was there
[00:02:55.090]versus how many tubers was present when no turf were there.
[00:02:58.270]The picture here show how many tubers were present
[00:03:01.390]in that three by three,
[00:03:02.620]or excuse me, from an eight inch diameter core.
[00:03:05.614]But if we will extrapolate that out per thousand square feet
[00:03:08.791]in the presence of turf,
[00:03:11.160]you still have under 7,000 tubers
[00:03:14.300]in that thousand square feet.
[00:03:16.330]But without the turf there, you have almost 45,000 tubers,
[00:03:20.980]which are there to continue to compete
[00:03:23.280]against the desirable turf grass.
[00:03:25.400]Once again, proper management first.
[00:03:30.550]We have numerous other pictures we're gonna show you
[00:03:32.230]just to drive that point home.
[00:03:34.140]On your right, you have a relatively well managed,
[00:03:38.150]but adequately fertilized
[00:03:39.258]and identical to the left except for fertilizer inputs
[00:03:43.110]is excessive weed invasion.
[00:03:47.870]We also have to take into account expectations.
[00:03:50.590]What is it that we're trying to achieve?
[00:03:54.070]Are we trying to achieve a fairway, a golf course green,
[00:03:57.399]a safe sport surface,
[00:04:00.549]or are we simply trying to maintain a soil erosion deterrent
[00:04:05.910]or an aesthetically pleasing
[00:04:08.080]from the curbside sort of home lawn?
[00:04:10.130]Those expectations will dictate
[00:04:11.459]how much weeds you can tolerate in your facility.
[00:04:17.150]Here's some really nice work
[00:04:18.310]that was looking at nitrogen fertilization on weed cover.
[00:04:22.260]This is a summary of a number of different reports,
[00:04:24.232]but real briefly, I think you can see
[00:04:26.950]that the lower edges of the fertility regime,
[00:04:30.640]the zero to two,
[00:04:31.712]consistently have more weeds,
[00:04:33.760]whether it be crabgrass or broad leaf weeds.
[00:04:36.670]This is the work that was summarized by Phil Busey in 2003.
[00:04:40.397]And a quick Google search can identify that article for you.
[00:04:43.950]But basically he summarized
[00:04:44.812]all the research that was out there at that point in time
[00:04:47.860]and showed the effects of nitrogen fertilization
[00:04:50.500]on weed cover.
[00:04:51.350]And when we go within the regime
[00:04:52.805]of the zero to two to four to six pounds
[00:04:55.760]per thousand square feet,
[00:04:56.800]that's typical of the cool season grasses in Nebraska.
[00:04:59.292]I think you can clearly see that fertility for the most part
[00:05:02.368]does a really good job within reason
[00:05:05.190]of trying to ameliorate the invasion of weeds,
[00:05:08.750]whether they be the crabgrasses or broadleaf weeds.
[00:05:14.620]What's more dramatic is the effect of mowing height
[00:05:16.850]on crabgrass cover.
[00:05:18.402]In this picture we have on the X-axis,
[00:05:21.215]one, two, three, and four inch mowing heights.
[00:05:24.730]And once again, this is from the Busey paper.
[00:05:27.380]And you can see that as you raise the mowing height,
[00:05:30.310]the crabgrass cover goes down not even linear,
[00:05:33.821]almost exponential.
[00:05:35.190]This is a pretty significant effect
[00:05:37.036]in raising the mowing height.
[00:05:39.120]Those of you in the lawn care business
[00:05:40.620]clearly struggle with homeowners that wanna mow too short
[00:05:43.690]if mowing isn't part of your operation.
[00:05:46.030]And at the end of the day,
[00:05:46.870]if you can convince them to simply raise the mowing height
[00:05:48.989]anywhere from 1/2 to even a full inch,
[00:05:51.697]somewhere between 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 inches,
[00:05:55.100]I think you're gonna find
[00:05:56.100]that they're gonna be more pleased with your results
[00:05:58.788]'cause your results are gonna be facilitated
[00:06:01.396]by the better management system.
[00:06:05.460]And another important thing to understand
[00:06:07.010]about this approach of raising the mowing height
[00:06:09.816]is that crab breath requires light to germinate.
[00:06:13.070]So on a lower mowed turf,
[00:06:14.280]that light penetrates down to the bottom
[00:06:16.103]and stimulates the crabgrass to germinate.
[00:06:19.170]Not only crabgrass, but other species
[00:06:21.024]require light to germinate.
[00:06:23.100]Higher mowed turf that light doesn't always penetrate
[00:06:25.730]all the way to the soil surface,
[00:06:26.917]hence the weeds are inhibited.
[00:06:29.790]Great example here.
[00:06:33.210]What do you end up with crabgrass?
[00:06:37.730]I liked this picture was posted on Twitter by Ross Brown,
[00:06:40.020]one of our colleagues in the turf management research arena
[00:06:43.530]and these two lawns side by side
[00:06:44.944]in a development in Indiana,
[00:06:47.647]in West Lafayette in Indiana by all estimates.
[00:06:53.230]On the right hand side,
[00:06:54.480]all they've done is they have a higher mowing height,
[00:06:57.100]a little bit more fertility, a little bit more irrigation,
[00:07:00.680]and you could see that that lawn is actively growing
[00:07:03.260]and competing well against the lawn on the left,
[00:07:07.530]which is full of crabgrass
[00:07:08.890]and just doesn't have a very good stand.
[00:07:11.192]It's easy to note that there are no herbicides used
[00:07:13.710]in either of these facilities or either of these home lawns.
[00:07:18.186]A couple of other real quick things
[00:07:19.960]before we get into the meat of the presentation.
[00:07:22.173]When you're getting ready to reseed or overseed,
[00:07:24.700]I always use certified seed.
[00:07:26.410]I think we all know that, but we sometimes forget it
[00:07:28.520]because we're trying to save a few pennies per pound.
[00:07:31.234]But the seed label is required by law.
[00:07:34.902]It can be blue, or it can be gold, for gold tag certified,
[00:07:38.660]or it can be white,
[00:07:39.810]and I'll show you a white one here in a second.
[00:07:41.720]But it tells you what genetically is in the mix
[00:07:44.830]so you know you're buying what you're paying for.
[00:07:46.592]It also tells you whether or not
[00:07:48.820]there's any weed seeds presence
[00:07:50.220]and what percentage there are.
[00:07:51.810]This is really important
[00:07:52.900]to limiting the amount of weed invasion
[00:07:54.909]on a new or a reseeding operation.
[00:07:59.260]This is a white tag seed so by law,
[00:08:02.300]every seed container has to have
[00:08:04.940]at the very least a white tag on it.
[00:08:06.771]And this is one that is full of weed seeds.
[00:08:11.193]You can see that it's got some crop seed and some weed seed
[00:08:14.990]and 0.42% doesn't seem like much,
[00:08:17.330]but if you calculate this out
[00:08:18.569]and consider them noxious weeds,
[00:08:20.603]annual bluegrass, curly dock, and rough bluegrass,
[00:08:23.670]these would all be weeds
[00:08:24.525]that you ultimately would want to control.
[00:08:27.060]Curly dock is relatively easy to control
[00:08:28.940]in most turf situations,
[00:08:30.091]rough bluegrass and annual bluegrass definitely not.
[00:08:33.510]So buy certified seed.
[00:08:37.515]So what's out there now?
[00:08:39.042]What do we have to look for?
[00:08:40.212]These are herbicides that
[00:08:42.800]specifically for use in our region,
[00:08:45.638]they're either new or they're modified,
[00:08:48.036]formulations from 2018 to 2020,
[00:08:51.957]and I'll give you another source
[00:08:54.730]that updates these periodically as well
[00:08:56.178]at the end of the presentation.
[00:08:58.174]But here's the list.
[00:09:00.170]We're gonna go through each of these one by one,
[00:09:02.418]so really no need to spend a lot of time
[00:09:04.960]on the list right now.
[00:09:07.270]Sure power is a mixture of 2,4-D, triclopyr
[00:09:12.286]fluroxypyr and flumoxazin
[00:09:14.148]which is an interesting four way product.
[00:09:16.838]It's primarily for use in cool season turf.
[00:09:22.780]The label lists 250 broadleaf weeds,
[00:09:26.110]including those that we consider difficult to control
[00:09:28.640]like ground ivy and wild violet.
[00:09:30.570]So a really good broadleaf postemergent herbicide.
[00:09:35.963]There are a couple of caveats on this herbicide
[00:09:38.240]and I would say you wanna adhere to 'em
[00:09:39.840]because there is some injury that can occur
[00:09:41.651]to the desirable areas,
[00:09:43.860]primarily tracking after you spray.
[00:09:46.980]You wanna make sure that you don't traffic
[00:09:48.704]either with equipment or with footprints
[00:09:52.020]because if you pick this wet residue up
[00:09:55.610]you double up the dose on that area
[00:09:57.340]and you can get some tracking,
[00:09:58.370]which it's relatively short lived and not a huge concern,
[00:10:01.820]but something you need to be concerned about.
[00:10:04.160]And then also under high moisture conditions,
[00:10:06.007]fog, rain and wet foliage, you wanna avoid that.
[00:10:10.110]So you really wanna apply it to dry foliage
[00:10:12.100]for the best results.
[00:10:14.103]And then it is really more a later season application
[00:10:19.190]because turf that's been damaged
[00:10:21.389]by freezing conditions or frost
[00:10:23.850]tends to show a little injury
[00:10:25.200]due to the combination product.
[00:10:27.120]So with that great spectrum of over 250 broadleaf weeds,
[00:10:31.970]you do pick up some potential for some injury
[00:10:34.220]under very, very specific conditions.
[00:10:36.940]So the optimal timing for this product
[00:10:38.600]is June 15 to September 15.
[00:10:41.430]We've tested Sure Power with very good results.
[00:10:46.320]Boulder 6.3, we have not tested this product.
[00:10:49.396]This is basically a reformulation of triclopyr.
[00:10:54.820]Triclopyr as many of you know
[00:10:56.084]is really good on difficult to control weeds
[00:10:59.720]like ground ivy and wild violet and some of the others.
[00:11:05.210]It's labeled for all cool season turf except bentgrass.
[00:11:09.796]It's got a good broadly spectrum
[00:11:11.910]and probably the big pusher for Boulder 6.3
[00:11:14.178]is it's relatively low cost.
[00:11:17.480]You give up some spectrum, but at the same time,
[00:11:19.739]if you're targeting specific weeds on the label,
[00:11:22.976]you may save a few dollars.
[00:11:29.910]I'm gonna group two together now.
[00:11:31.710]Surepyc and SedgeMaster.
[00:11:34.660]These are two products
[00:11:35.570]that primarily target yellow nutsedge.
[00:11:37.960]Surepyc has the same active ingredient as Dismiss.
[00:11:42.500]Sulfentrazone.
[00:11:43.690]So it has similar properties
[00:11:44.637]to the product of that's Dismiss.
[00:11:47.530]A real brief soap box bit about generics,
[00:11:51.280]generics can be just as effective,
[00:11:53.670]but you lose some of the product support
[00:11:55.330]that normally comes with a formulated product
[00:11:59.440]from one of the big pesticide manufacturers.
[00:12:02.154]Just a little sideline.
[00:12:04.720]SedgeMaster is a halosulfuron,
[00:12:07.960]which is the same active ingredient SedgeHammer.
[00:12:10.860]So if you've used SedgeHammer,
[00:12:12.155]SedgeMaster would also be a good choice
[00:12:16.410]'cause they're identical in their efficacy, et cetera.
[00:12:21.250]Speaking of nutsedge lawns,
[00:12:23.544]this was something that was posted on Twitter,
[00:12:26.560]but I can't say I've ever seen a lawn
[00:12:29.280]at this level of mismanagement.
[00:12:32.760]And it's predominantly dominated by yellow nutsedge
[00:12:35.849]Trying to control at this point in time,
[00:12:37.610]maybe you just mow it and green is good.
[00:12:41.620]A relatively new product just came out this last year
[00:12:44.250]for targeting, once again, nutsedge
[00:12:46.910]is a product called Vexis.
[00:12:48.730]I'm intrigued with this product, we've done some testing.
[00:12:50.976]We'll show you some data on it here in just a minute.
[00:12:53.479]But it's got a new active ingredient
[00:12:59.460]that has not been seen in turf products yet ever
[00:13:05.310]and it's a proprietary product
[00:13:06.940]of the company that manufactures it.
[00:13:09.094]It targets nutsedge as I previously mentioned.
[00:13:12.248]What I really liked about it is how this is applied.
[00:13:14.629]It's a granular product
[00:13:16.497]and one of the means of doing it
[00:13:17.974]is this really convenient shaker bottle
[00:13:21.087]that basically you carry with you in your utility vehicle
[00:13:24.702]or in your lawn care truck,
[00:13:26.830]and you can spot treat on the fly.
[00:13:30.620]That granular nature brings in a lot of positive attributes.
[00:13:35.530]At the same time, it also does not require watering in
[00:13:39.940]nor does the foliage need to be wet when you apply it.
[00:13:42.540]So these are the positive things about Vexis.
[00:13:45.515]So it's driven by convenience.
[00:13:49.630]Economy is something that you have to determine
[00:13:52.860]at your particular facility,
[00:13:54.060]but it is a very convenient product.
[00:13:57.299]This is the logo off their label.
[00:14:00.028]The shaker can and real convenient
[00:14:02.310]and formulated in that way.
[00:14:03.820]You can get larger containers
[00:14:06.170]and obviously transfer to the shaker can or apply broadcast.
[00:14:11.590]This is Vexis testing at UNL.
[00:14:13.310]The state is relatively new just this year.
[00:14:17.004]if you look at the left,
[00:14:18.450]and this was an area that we did a seeding trial,
[00:14:21.326]Matt Sulsic presented that in another presentation
[00:14:24.600]associated with the field day, but I just pulled those out.
[00:14:27.580]So you're not gonna see a lot of grass in these
[00:14:29.103]because Vexis is not labeled for during establishment,
[00:14:34.540]but it does show a really good example
[00:14:36.404]of what kind of activity you can get out of Vexis.
[00:14:39.414]The control on the left
[00:14:41.100]is the lighter yellow with the yellow nutsedge
[00:14:43.339]along with some broadleaf bleeds in there.
[00:14:45.418]A single app at the three tiller stage
[00:14:48.683]40 days after the initial,
[00:14:51.350]after the treatment date and in the middle
[00:14:54.460]and you can see some really good activity,
[00:14:56.195]maybe a little bit of escape there.
[00:14:58.227]Sometimes two applications may be necessary.
[00:15:02.340]And in the 2X app 3 tiller,
[00:15:04.540]this is 40 days after the initial treatment.
[00:15:06.807]Plus the picture was taken 10 days
[00:15:09.690]after the second application.
[00:15:11.908]And what it shows is some of the escapes
[00:15:13.627]that are exhibited in some of the single application
[00:15:18.300]are picked up
[00:15:19.133]and you can start seeing it go off color.
[00:15:21.540]Do wanna caution you,
[00:15:22.490]do not expect quick results with Vexis.
[00:15:25.590]It's a little bit longer control time
[00:15:29.345]before you start seeing even the Fido,
[00:15:32.460]but that's primarily because of its granular nature
[00:15:34.810]and how the product is absorbed.
[00:15:37.430]But then another option in the continuing war
[00:15:40.130]against yellow nutsedge.
[00:15:44.149]NativeKlean is an interesting product.
[00:15:46.006]It's a mixture of 2,4-D and aminopyralid
[00:15:51.288]and that combination targets broadleaf weeds,
[00:15:54.810]including invasive and noxious weeds and woody plants
[00:15:57.529]in native or natural grass areas.
[00:15:59.810]So by natural grass areas,
[00:16:01.017]we mean those areas
[00:16:02.440]that are not routinely mowed or fertilizer,
[00:16:04.876]golf course roughs, parks and grounds
[00:16:07.700]out of recreational areas, those litter things.
[00:16:12.490]It does give you really good residual control
[00:16:14.770]for more than three months.
[00:16:17.020]We haven't trialed it,
[00:16:18.340]but some of our other weed scientists have trialed it
[00:16:21.900]in conservation tillage areas
[00:16:23.980]and they've seen really good results.
[00:16:27.500]Obviously it targets broadleafs.
[00:16:31.141]So native or natural forbs
[00:16:33.250]or forbs that are planted
[00:16:34.910]for wild flowers or for pollinators
[00:16:36.607]will be injured or controlled.
[00:16:38.210]So it's not an option for that, but for some of these areas,
[00:16:40.801]sort of a niche product for those particular areas.
[00:16:44.020]It's very economical
[00:16:45.570]and it does fit this particular specific example.
[00:16:52.720]Crew is a new granular product
[00:16:55.980]for pre-emergent for landscapes and turf.
[00:17:00.022]It's a mixture of dithiopyr,
[00:17:01.710]the active ingredient from the product in dimension,
[00:17:04.750]and asisoxaben, the active ingredient
[00:17:07.670]in the product called gallery.
[00:17:10.570]It's a pre-emergent that targets
[00:17:12.180]about 120 grassy and broadleaf weeds for up to five months.
[00:17:15.690]I like this combination for a couple of reasons.
[00:17:17.648]Dithiopyr has that really good activity on the grassy weeds
[00:17:22.930]and proven performance in turf situations
[00:17:26.870]and then gallery or isoxaben, excuse me,
[00:17:29.630]it should be isoxaben, has really good activity,
[00:17:33.261]more so on the broadleaf.
[00:17:35.124]So it's a really good combination.
[00:17:37.500]It's safe on established cool and warm season grasses
[00:17:39.932]and more than 400 ornamental plants.
[00:17:42.810]So once again, some of these products, including Crew
[00:17:45.670]would fit a specific niche in the market
[00:17:47.641]and fit it extremely well.
[00:17:49.680]You could go wall to wall with this product
[00:17:52.165]in a lawn care operation or in parks and grounds
[00:18:00.531]PoaCure just got registered in Nebraska this year.
[00:18:04.329]This is definitely a niche product,
[00:18:06.242]primarily only golf courses at this point in time,
[00:18:09.738]but it does have amazing activity on annual bluegrass.
[00:18:15.540]Hence the name PoaCure.
[00:18:17.780]Provides both pre and post control of annual bluegrass
[00:18:20.969]and can be applied on golf greens,
[00:18:24.439]and a lot of our products can't be applied to golf greens.
[00:18:27.840]It also controls a rough bluegrass or Poa trivialis.
[00:18:31.010]So if it ever gets a residential clearance,
[00:18:34.424]this might be a good product to consider combating
[00:18:38.250]some of the rough bluegrass contamination
[00:18:41.060]that we see in lawns
[00:18:42.144]and we also see in golf course fairways,
[00:18:45.890]but at this point it's golf course only.
[00:18:48.473]And if you price it, you'll understand
[00:18:51.168]that it's sort of a niche market at this point in time,
[00:18:53.700]but as more people use it, perhaps that price will go down.
[00:18:56.270]Really exciting results.
[00:18:57.106]We're gonna be doing some testing this fall
[00:18:59.129]and Zach Riker when he was working for Nebraska,
[00:19:01.677]did some of the testing with really good results
[00:19:03.950]on annual bluegrass in golf course settings.
[00:19:09.110]GameOn, I like that name.
[00:19:11.472]It's a three-way mixture of three broadleaf herbicides.
[00:19:15.854]2,4-D, fluroxopyr and halauxifen.
[00:19:19.730]That's a nice three-way broadleaf combination.
[00:19:23.352]Broad spectrum, very fast acting.
[00:19:25.760]So you see a curling of the leaves relatively quickly.
[00:19:29.810]Reduced non target injury.
[00:19:31.105]It uses a different form of 2,4-D,
[00:19:35.490]a choline form of 2,4-D, which has less volatility
[00:19:40.210]and hence less volatility
[00:19:41.820]and less off turf movement of the product.
[00:19:44.530]So there's some really positive things
[00:19:46.614]to think in a product like GameOn.
[00:19:50.040]We've tested GameOn for a couple of years now in Nebraska.
[00:19:54.720]our first trial was at the Mead Nebraska Research Farm.
[00:20:02.590]We had Kentucky bluegrass
[00:20:03.670]with heavy dandelion and white clover.
[00:20:05.836]We had the GameOn herbicide at three, 3 1/2
[00:20:09.450]and four pints per acre.
[00:20:13.610]We also had two industry standards in there.
[00:20:15.479]I'm not gonna list them in this particular thing,
[00:20:18.710]'cause we're showing examples of GameOn,
[00:20:20.790]and then we had an experimental herbicide
[00:20:22.238]plus an untreated control.
[00:20:23.980]These were treated in early October,
[00:20:28.012]and this was the image of the following spring,
[00:20:30.435]right about green up in the Kentucky bluegrass.
[00:20:35.499]It was one of the low mow bluegrasses,
[00:20:37.520]so it greens up a little bit later
[00:20:38.870]so you get a really nice contrast.
[00:20:40.650]So hence this aerial image.
[00:20:45.710]So if you take a look here, they're numbered,
[00:20:47.860]the treatments are numbered,
[00:20:49.120]but treatments one, two and three,
[00:20:52.640]are the GameOn rates
[00:20:58.101]that we've described in the previous slide,
[00:21:00.659]seven is the untreated control
[00:21:03.670]and four and five are the...
[00:21:07.490]And seven is the untreated control
[00:21:08.954]and four and five are the industry standards.
[00:21:12.892]I blocked out the one that's in black
[00:21:15.930]because that was the experimental one.
[00:21:18.190]We're not allowed to show that one
[00:21:19.330]until it's released as a herbicide.
[00:21:21.200]So that's why you see this here.
[00:21:22.980]So when we start by picking out
[00:21:24.672]the lowest use rate we tested of GameOn
[00:21:29.291]on a fairly severe infestation
[00:21:31.785]of a bluegrass and white clover,
[00:21:35.290]and we see pretty good control even at the low rate,
[00:21:38.390]then we take it up a notch in terms of rate
[00:21:41.180]and a little bit of an increase in control,
[00:21:43.410]but not significantly more
[00:21:44.820]and then when we go to the higher rate,
[00:21:45.990]the plots are essentially clear.
[00:21:47.930]Remember these were fall treatments
[00:21:50.147]and this aerial picture or image
[00:21:54.080]was taken the following spring, right at green up.
[00:21:58.630]And you can see that the the dandelion is...
[00:22:03.210]It's a pretty healthy population of dandelion.
[00:22:05.720]So we're pretty impressed with the GameOn product.
[00:22:07.890]We think it works relatively well.
[00:22:10.230]Where we were probably the most impressed with GameOn
[00:22:13.110]is when we tested it at two, three and four pints per acre
[00:22:18.600]on mature prostrate knotweed control.
[00:22:20.810]So this is 2019.
[00:22:22.046]This would be late in the year
[00:22:23.952]when we usually think about prostate knotweed
[00:22:28.378]being very difficult to control,
[00:22:30.350]and yet we got really good control,
[00:22:32.061]actually a hundred percent, which was pretty amazing.
[00:22:35.730]And if we had an aerial picture of that you would see it,
[00:22:38.480]but it was on campus, on UNL's campus.
[00:22:40.989]And so the trees didn't allow us
[00:22:42.470]to get a good image of that,
[00:22:43.610]but pretty outstanding results with the GameOn product
[00:22:47.594]on what we would consider a difficult to control weed
[00:22:52.000]late in its growth stage.
[00:22:54.010]When it's young prostrate knotweed
[00:22:55.380]is relatively easy to control
[00:22:56.780]and we see these kinds of numbers
[00:22:58.204]for young prostrate knotweed
[00:22:59.870]on most of the broadleaf products.
[00:23:01.262]But this is the first time we've seen this level of control
[00:23:05.012]with a late season application to mature prostrate knotweed.
[00:23:11.970]Okay, those are sort of the new products
[00:23:13.153]and it's really exciting
[00:23:14.620]that we are seeing some new chemistries
[00:23:16.259]because that's been on the back burner for quite a while.
[00:23:19.760]A lot of the companies are working on new fungicides
[00:23:22.062]and registration options are so expensive now.
[00:23:24.873]So it was really good to see some new products
[00:23:27.112]and then some new formulations as well.
[00:23:29.580]I wanna end this with some organic
[00:23:32.746]and natural weed control options that might be out there.
[00:23:35.870]Preemergent, you've basically got corn gluten meal,
[00:23:39.721]and we'll spend a little bit of time
[00:23:41.070]talking about distiller grains,
[00:23:42.576]although they're becoming less and less
[00:23:44.360]a viable source for weed control.
[00:23:48.340]And then postemergent, there are multiple out there.
[00:23:51.670]We've done a really nice trial for the last couple of years
[00:23:54.289]with the help of my outstanding technician, Eric Chestnut
[00:23:59.480]and we'll show those data as well.
[00:24:02.990]And then also non-selective.
[00:24:04.164]We will look at some data from another location,
[00:24:07.190]another university.
[00:24:09.750]And there are multiple available there as well.
[00:24:12.150]So there's some options, but let's see how they work.
[00:24:15.100]Corn gluten meal is an interesting one.
[00:24:16.560]Discovered at Iowa state university by Nick Christians.
[00:24:20.616]We've tested it for a number of years, not in recent years,
[00:24:24.610]but when it first came out.
[00:24:25.790]And we see that you get a cumulative effect.
[00:24:28.380]In the first year, you may only get 60% control,
[00:24:30.955]same plot, succinct ear.
[00:24:33.079]So you pick up some residual control
[00:24:36.750]to attain the equivalent level
[00:24:38.237]that you would get with a synthetic product
[00:24:40.497]for a pre-emergent control,
[00:24:42.100]say crabgrass and fox till,
[00:24:43.810]similar to what you would get with a pender methylene
[00:24:45.810]or dithiopyr or pro diamine product.
[00:24:50.570]It does put down a fair amount of nitrogen
[00:24:53.100]when you apply it, or at least most of the formulations do
[00:24:56.010]so that you've got to make adjustments
[00:24:58.070]in your nitrogen fertility program.
[00:25:00.731]And it's available mail order and limited retail.
[00:25:06.150]Dried distiller grains are a by-product
[00:25:07.905]of the domestic ethanol production or a co-product actually.
[00:25:12.488]And dried distiller grains have been investigated
[00:25:16.900]by the United States Department of Agriculture
[00:25:18.937]for weed control.
[00:25:21.720]But they're almost used exclusively as animal feed
[00:25:24.720]and they are a good product for that need.
[00:25:26.860]So there is some competition there.
[00:25:29.360]Much like corn gluten meal,
[00:25:30.335]weed control and fertilizer value has been well documented.
[00:25:37.270]The biggest issue with the distiller distilled
[00:25:38.979]dried distiller grains is they carry about 10% fatty oils
[00:25:44.100]that causes the bright product to go rancid
[00:25:46.380]if it's not used relatively quickly.
[00:25:48.690]And because of that it does give off a little bit of an odor
[00:25:52.459]and we've never really seen it used.
[00:25:54.929]We've seen it in trials,
[00:25:56.699]we've seen farmers getting ahold of it
[00:25:58.860]and putting it on their lawns in and around their homestead,
[00:26:02.970]but really not widespread use.
[00:26:06.390]Research by the USDA has been ongoing since 2008
[00:26:09.008]to work on some of these problems,
[00:26:10.980]but we've yet to get a commercial product in our hands
[00:26:15.927]So let's talk about the data we collected
[00:26:18.080]on a selected postemergent trial.
[00:26:20.230]Here's the product list.
[00:26:21.246]I'm not gonna go into it in too much detail.
[00:26:25.550]These are spring applications, May 4 and May 31
[00:26:29.090]and fall application September 13 and October 5.
[00:26:33.270]So split applications.
[00:26:35.290]We do have one product in there that's synthetic,
[00:26:38.520]and we consider it our synthetic standard
[00:26:42.200]for this type of work, and that would be Trimec Classic.
[00:26:45.220]You see some interesting combinations in here
[00:26:47.410]with boric acid, rosemary oil, cinnamon,
[00:26:53.330]sodium chloride, or salt.
[00:26:56.159]Interesting what people are looking at.
[00:26:57.853]And these are products that you can buy online
[00:27:01.610]or in some of the garden stores as an organic option.
[00:27:09.190]Let's take a look at this.
[00:27:10.090]This is the untreated control from our fall trial in 2018.
[00:27:15.310]So we have a reasonable infestation of Clover and dandelion.
[00:27:21.020]This is Trimec Classic works in its normal way.
[00:27:24.220]Does a pretty good job with fall applications,
[00:27:26.236]a little bit of weeds on the edge,
[00:27:28.040]primarily 'cause of the edge effect of the treatment.
[00:27:31.820]This is Iron X.
[00:27:32.920]We're showing you pictures
[00:27:33.930]specifically of the ones that seem to work
[00:27:36.180]relatively good results.
[00:27:39.430]Single application, ICT Halo, similar results,
[00:27:46.070]Fiesta Weed Killer, similar results.
[00:27:50.920]Natria Lawn Weed and Disease Control, similar results.
[00:27:54.190]We didn't look at disease.
[00:27:55.320]You can actually see the dark spots in the center
[00:27:57.600]is where the dandelion has been eradicated.
[00:28:02.600]So when we highlight those organic options in this slide
[00:28:07.540]with the yellow,
[00:28:09.970]you see the ones that gave us the best results
[00:28:13.840]contained HEDTA, which has an iron kelate.
[00:28:19.819]And most of them were at the 26 1/2%
[00:28:24.200]iron HEDTA rate.
[00:28:29.030]And there's the rates, et cetera, et cetera.
[00:28:30.670]And you can always come back and review this
[00:28:32.101]and we will be posting something on the web later this year.
[00:28:38.570]So our conclusions are that Trimec Classic
[00:28:41.000]was always numerically the top performer for both trials.
[00:28:43.710]So numerically, but not statistically.
[00:28:47.340]Products containing iron HEDTA and ICT Halo,
[00:28:51.370]which is a commercially available product,
[00:28:52.583]often were a statistically as effective as Trimec Classic.
[00:28:57.750]Iron X, Fiesta Weed Killer,
[00:28:59.790]Natria Lawn Weed and Disease Control
[00:29:01.878]based on a single application and data collected soon after.
[00:29:08.920]That's the qualifier.
[00:29:09.753]We'll clarify that in a second.
[00:29:12.470]When using most organics,
[00:29:13.663]multiple applications will be required.
[00:29:16.034]These are not systemic, they're contact.
[00:29:19.180]So their regrowth will be a problem.
[00:29:22.350]So when you think about applying these products,
[00:29:24.650]remember that it's not something
[00:29:26.599]you could do as a lawn care applicator
[00:29:28.670]without being on the lawn a lot,
[00:29:31.330]or it's not something you would wanna do
[00:29:32.693]as a golf course superintendent or a facilities manager,
[00:29:38.191]unless you had the staff and people
[00:29:40.386]to back in and hit it hard multiple times
[00:29:43.820]over about four or five applications over six to 14 weeks.
[00:29:50.010]So once again, the reapplications that are critical
[00:29:55.270]for these iron containing products.
[00:29:57.975]And you also have to look at cost.
[00:29:59.407]If you look at the cost analysis of these products,
[00:30:02.380]and let's look only, the ones that contained the iron,
[00:30:07.850]they range anywhere from $102 per square foot
[00:30:14.140]to somewhere less than that, five to $6 a square foot.
[00:30:20.490]But when you compare them to something like Trimec Classic
[00:30:25.130]at about 61 cents per thousand square feet,
[00:30:29.070]these are not economical, but they are organic.
[00:30:33.180]And some of our clients and some of the local legislations
[00:30:36.450]requires the use of organic alternatives.
[00:30:39.140]So the good news is, is that we have options out there
[00:30:43.090]with qualification and multiple applications
[00:30:45.300]and other things we talked about,
[00:30:46.506]but at the end of the day,
[00:30:48.550]we need to think about cost as well.
[00:30:51.809]What about organic glyphosate alternatives?
[00:30:55.400]Non-selective alternatives?
[00:30:56.904]This is a great piece of work done by Maggie Reiter.
[00:30:59.830]She gave me approval to use this
[00:31:02.380]and I'm gonna show you once again an aerial picture
[00:31:06.726]and then up at the top, it's a days after application
[00:31:11.416]from one to 35,
[00:31:13.780]it's gonna show you some interesting results.
[00:31:15.290]The top of it when I remove the screen
[00:31:17.660]is the untreated control.
[00:31:19.059]We go down the list Avenger, which has citrus oil,
[00:31:22.030]Burnout, which is also a citric acid based product,
[00:31:25.477]Finalsan, which is a fatty acid based product,
[00:31:28.430]similar to size,
[00:31:29.847]Suppress, which is a caprylic acid product,
[00:31:34.650]WeedPharm, which is acid that you hear a lot about,
[00:31:37.940]but it's 20%, not 5%.
[00:31:40.210]Then we have a glyphosate plus glyphosate
[00:31:42.169]and the addition of Fusilade.
[00:31:46.940]So the bottom two are commercially available synthetics.
[00:31:50.210]The top ones are organic alternatives.
[00:31:52.520]Let's take a look of what that looks like.
[00:31:54.319]So what you see as they have activity.
[00:31:56.793]Many of them have activity relatively early on.
[00:32:00.180]But when we get into the three to four
[00:32:03.030]to five weeks after treatment,
[00:32:05.550]we see that recovery does occur.
[00:32:08.420]So much like the iron containing products
[00:32:12.390]for broadleaf weed control that we showed in previous work,
[00:32:16.215]Maggie Reiter, Dr. Reiter showed
[00:32:18.610]that these products are gonna require multiple applications
[00:32:23.140]to be affected, to be effective, excuse me.
[00:32:26.712]Let's qualify that once again with saying
[00:32:28.710]this is on hybrid Bermuda grass,
[00:32:30.830]which is extremely difficult to control.
[00:32:32.636]So results may vary for other things.
[00:32:35.190]But if we were using it for a renovation alternative,
[00:32:37.439]non-selective control,
[00:32:39.776]you're gonna have to probably apply it multiple times.
[00:32:43.891]Now, acidic acid has gotten a lot of primarily by consumers,
[00:32:47.520]not so much by commercial applicators.
[00:32:50.100]There's a really nice article
[00:32:51.092]and if you use your phone to zoom in on this QR code,
[00:32:57.830]it'll come up on your phone
[00:32:58.970]and you can save it to your files.
[00:33:00.496]But this is a really nice paper on comparison of acidic acid
[00:33:03.914]to glyphosate for weed suppression in the garden
[00:33:06.518]that was published recently.
[00:33:08.170]And we've got it posted on our website
[00:33:09.810]so you can access that through that QR code.
[00:33:12.750]Once again, just put your camera on in your phone
[00:33:15.330]and hold it up.
[00:33:16.440]and it should allow you to download it
[00:33:18.170]to Safari on an iPhone
[00:33:19.649]or whatever the equivalent is
[00:33:21.680]on your other mode of action phones.
[00:33:27.410]But really good results with qualification.
[00:33:33.150]And once again, it's a 20% of acidic acid.
[00:33:35.490]Good article if you wanna know more about acidic acid
[00:33:37.356]as an old organic alternative.
[00:33:46.910]The one thing I wanna drive home here as you look at that
[00:33:49.760]is that the higher percentage acidic acids
[00:33:53.730]required three to four treatments
[00:33:55.310]for equivalent control to glyphosate.
[00:33:57.930]So I think that's the driving force here,
[00:33:59.800]and it brings together the other studies as well.
[00:34:02.140]In our experience that's what we see
[00:34:03.702]with organic alternatives.
[00:34:07.090]So let's summarize that organic weed control synopsis.
[00:34:10.500]The pros, we now have some options available
[00:34:13.692]with research ongoing, not only at Nebraska,
[00:34:16.710]but a lot of other locations.
[00:34:18.465]We see them as a market niche or regulatory niche products,
[00:34:22.605]depending upon where you're located.
[00:34:25.735]The cons are, many of them are relatively expensive.
[00:34:30.457]The repeat applications and commercial enterprise
[00:34:33.412]will increase labor costs.
[00:34:37.090]These are mildly systemic or a hundred percent contact
[00:34:40.663]hence the reason for multiple applications.
[00:34:44.130]Selectivity may or may not be an issue.
[00:34:47.010]We know the Iron X products seem to work well
[00:34:49.780]on clover and dandelion,
[00:34:51.574]less so on some of the other broadleaf weeds
[00:34:55.190]and their efficacy,
[00:34:56.430]primarily because of the multiple applications
[00:34:59.640]can be problematic.
[00:35:01.210]But that said, we're getting closer
[00:35:03.620]to filling that niche of an organic alternative
[00:35:05.921]in tuff systems.
[00:35:11.180]I strongly recommend
[00:35:12.013]you get a copy of this turf weed control for professionals.
[00:35:16.010]Once again, the QR code's there to download, if you'd like.
[00:35:19.240]It's updated every year with all the new products,
[00:35:21.859]great images of weeds,
[00:35:23.868]highly well done, professional publication,
[00:35:28.800]faculty and the turf program
[00:35:30.120]at the University of Nebraska contribute to this.
[00:35:33.180]And if you want the most recent one,
[00:35:35.899]we'd strongly you go to this QR code
[00:35:39.190]or the website at the top.
[00:35:41.210]Excellent publication.
[00:35:44.750]Another resource, here's an example.
[00:35:46.630]This is where you can get it from their education store.
[00:35:49.358]Lots of information in this publication.
[00:35:53.380]I just can't stress enough.
[00:35:54.672]It's the most comprehensive document
[00:35:56.497]on a weed control in turf systems
[00:35:59.530]with associated images and print form that I'm aware of.
[00:36:05.590]I like how it tabulates everything.
[00:36:07.271]You can pretty much find,
[00:36:08.690]for example, this is the nutsedge
[00:36:10.173]and you would look at yellow nutsedge
[00:36:12.210]and you'd be able to get a rating
[00:36:13.290]of all the products that are out there
[00:36:15.089]and it is updated rigorously.
[00:36:17.500]Great work by the people at Purdue,
[00:36:19.130]along with the cooperators at 15 other institutions.
[00:36:24.860]Here's another resource you might wanna consider.
[00:36:26.550]There's the QR code, the mobile weed manual.
[00:36:29.110]This is an online source ramrodded by Jim Brosnan
[00:36:33.583]at University of Tennessee.
[00:36:36.950]And it has both the additive benefit of this one
[00:36:40.691]over other sources that has all the herbicides listed
[00:36:44.402]as well as images and other things,
[00:36:46.250]but all the herbicides are listed
[00:36:47.556]for both turf and ornamentals.
[00:36:50.210]So if you're in the business
[00:36:51.043]of managing both turf and ornamentals,
[00:36:52.517]this is an excellent resource
[00:36:53.776]that you can view on your cell phone, on your mobile device
[00:36:57.920]or on your computer at home.
[00:36:59.730]And there is the QR code.
[00:37:02.630]And finally, I wanna thank you for viewing.
[00:37:06.130]This is not our desired way
[00:37:07.520]to present field day information,
[00:37:09.340]but hopefully you've gotten some good information out of it.
[00:37:12.650]Remember our website, turf.unl.edu.
[00:37:16.000]Once again, the QR code is on the screen.
[00:37:19.820]There's my contact information and my Twitter handle
[00:37:22.590]so feel free to follow me on Twitter or send me an email
[00:37:25.708]if you've got more questions and answers.
[00:37:28.703]Be well and take care.
[00:37:31.278](upbeat music)

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