Glen Arnold - Side Dressing Crops with Manure

Glen Arnold Author

05/06/2020 Added

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Workshop presentation on side dressing growing crops with animal manures.

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[00:00:00.203]This is Glen Arnold with the
[00:00:01.300]Ohio State University Extension.
[00:00:03.270]Essentially, I do a lot of manure on growing
[00:00:05.710]crop research in the state of Ohio.
[00:00:08.290]We're trying to extend our manure application window
[00:00:10.870]as best we can by adding more days
[00:00:13.340]of the year that we can apply.
[00:00:15.100]Basically, we we know that we put out roughly about
[00:00:18.410]a half of our manure in the fall.
[00:00:20.470]And when we do that,
[00:00:21.550]we don't really get much opportunity to use
[00:00:23.930]the nitrogen that's in there.
[00:00:25.409]And one of our goals again,
[00:00:27.450]is to try to get manure application
[00:00:30.040]shifted to other windows of time.
[00:00:32.840]I always emphasize the need
[00:00:34.270]to look at your manure analysis.
[00:00:36.080]This is pounds per thousand gallons
[00:00:37.810]are liquid manures and talking with
[00:00:40.540]Dan Anderson from Ohio State,
[00:00:42.010]other places were much lower
[00:00:43.800]and nutrients than what you are perhaps in the Midwest,
[00:00:46.370]but this is fairly typical, typical of us to have
[00:00:49.380]about 37 point sic eight pounds of total nitrogen
[00:00:52.720]in 1000 gallons of manure,
[00:00:54.650]and almost all of that is in the ammonium nitrogen form
[00:00:57.740]readily available for crop uptake.
[00:01:00.760]In soil manure have very small amounts
[00:01:02.810]of organic nitrogen for us.
[00:01:04.770]And then of course P205 and K20 are very important.
[00:01:10.440]What I really try to emphasize the farmers you know,
[00:01:12.670]we we have generations of habits to overcome
[00:01:17.450]to do a better job with our manure,
[00:01:18.880]but when you really look at the value of those nutrients,
[00:01:21.740]about 40% of the nitrogen, phosphorus
[00:01:24.780]and potash total amount is the ammonium nitrogen portion.
[00:01:29.310]So again, if you're looking at a large pit of manure
[00:01:32.447]and our double wide hog buildings,
[00:01:34.520]and I said when I was about $20,000 with the nutrients
[00:01:38.180]in that pit, about 40% of that set nitrogen
[00:01:41.550]so you're gonna put that out in the fall.
[00:01:43.490]You generally are gonna say goodbye to most of it
[00:01:45.980]before the following year gets here.
[00:01:48.150]Also, the other thing I look for is a ratio.
[00:01:51.280]If I could have at least twice as much
[00:01:53.360]nitrogen per thousand pounds as I do P205,
[00:01:57.290]then I can look at a product I can use in corn
[00:01:59.500]later on for side dressing.
[00:02:01.430]So this is about a three to one,
[00:02:03.510]but I'd like to have a piece of two to one.
[00:02:06.380]Talk about a little bit on what we do with manure a week.
[00:02:09.380]This is a vin or a grassland applicator toolbar,
[00:02:13.040]also called a Vin hand toolbar, I believe.
[00:02:15.670]It's a European design.
[00:02:17.090]And when you run that through a field,
[00:02:19.100]you'll end up with slices in your wheat
[00:02:21.090]field much like this,
[00:02:22.210]they run that about two inches deep or so.
[00:02:25.040]And this was the very first plot I ever did with manure
[00:02:29.800]about 15 years ago,
[00:02:31.310]and it was about the very last plot I ever did with manure.
[00:02:34.180]The farmer was tremendously concerned
[00:02:36.510]about those slices in his wheat field.
[00:02:39.180]Then we went to harvest that fall
[00:02:40.640]on the urea on the left hand side
[00:02:42.670]that 120 pounds of nitrogen per acre yielded 84 bushel,
[00:02:47.310]the manure on the right hand side,
[00:02:49.490]at about 4000 gallons per acre, yielded 88 bushel per acre,
[00:02:53.700]and that kick started our work on manure
[00:02:56.360]in the state of Ohio.
[00:02:58.040]We couldn't get that grassland applicator
[00:03:00.760]in the following year.
[00:03:01.700]So we took a pecan toolbar we found in the woods,
[00:03:04.740]we modified it a little bit made it
[00:03:07.570]work similar to a grassland applicator.
[00:03:10.150]And then we did three types of manure applicator
[00:03:12.650]two types of manure application.
[00:03:14.730]We did surface applied manure using a tank and a tractor.
[00:03:18.780]We did incorporated manure with the tank and tractor
[00:03:21.380]and then we did urea as our control.
[00:03:26.270]This is just an example, the toolbar
[00:03:27.930]was only 13 and a half feet wide.
[00:03:29.650]So we had to make three passes across the field
[00:03:32.640]to reach so that we could use
[00:03:34.820]the 35 foot combine head that we had.
[00:03:38.500]If you look at the three years,
[00:03:39.930]all I really want to point out with this data
[00:03:42.170]is that in each of the three years
[00:03:43.990]we had great variability in wheat yields.
[00:03:47.160]That's one of the reasons it's hard
[00:03:48.340]to get people to grow wheat around here.
[00:03:50.680]Also, the gold bar surface supplied manure each year.
[00:03:54.820]The red bar is the incorporated manure
[00:03:57.970]where we slice the openings in the soil.
[00:04:03.150]And then the grey bar is the urea.
[00:04:06.510]We use urea is the most common
[00:04:08.490]spring nitrogen top dress that we use.
[00:04:11.320]And I just want to show that basically
[00:04:12.790]manure held its own each year.
[00:04:14.600]The only year there was really any statistical difference
[00:04:16.900]was the first year
[00:04:18.230]where the surface Blyton manure
[00:04:19.570]was a little bit statistically better than the other ways.
[00:04:22.680]But, you know, it's something that farmers looked at,
[00:04:26.410]we did a lot of plots on tankers.
[00:04:28.610]Eventually we went from using manure tankers
[00:04:33.080]to using drag hoses.
[00:04:36.120]I'll forward this video a little bit here.
[00:04:39.220]And essentially, this is what a lot was getting done.
[00:04:42.170]This past week in Ohio,
[00:04:44.430]was the surface application of manure
[00:04:46.280]to soft, red winter wheat in our stay.
[00:04:51.940]I personally would like to see this Incorporated.
[00:04:55.050]But if you're gonna do this surface application,
[00:04:57.100]we know it works.
[00:04:58.090]You just have to observe the proper setback distances
[00:05:01.550]between the field and the edge of the road
[00:05:04.650]and those types of things.
[00:05:06.210]So that's very commonly done around here
[00:05:08.340]is to look at the methods of surface application.
[00:05:13.340]You can see how the hose drags route
[00:05:16.930]across the wheat fields,
[00:05:17.790]so we really haven't had much trouble
[00:05:19.920]even with mendors and I'm and this is about
[00:05:21.770]a five and a half inch horse.
[00:05:23.840]We primarily work with between five and six inch
[00:05:26.240]hoses on most of our Ohio work that we do.
[00:05:36.580]The next thing we did was we went to using tankers.
[00:05:39.140]And when our plots and this is an example
[00:05:43.590]this is our university tanker that we modified,
[00:05:45.970]we took off the flotation wheels,
[00:05:48.860]and we put special rims and payloader tires on this tanker,
[00:05:53.900]so that we could traveled down through corn rows,
[00:05:56.650]and for about five years we did about 50 on farm plots
[00:06:00.140]with farmers up and down in western Ohio,
[00:06:02.810]and at the same time, we were also doing
[00:06:04.330]small plot research.
[00:06:06.740]We did we got about 10 bushel less per acre
[00:06:09.430]using a large tanker than we do with our small tankers
[00:06:11.930]and our small plots with manure.
[00:06:13.607]And we think that was primarily due to compaction
[00:06:17.660]caused by the large tanker going through the field.
[00:06:20.520]But if you kind of look at what the data shows for us,
[00:06:24.790]essentially over a five year period of time,
[00:06:27.460]we did several treatments.
[00:06:29.800]And if we look at the top half of that page,
[00:06:32.870]if you can see my cursor at all,
[00:06:34.520]everything above the top, my cursor over
[00:06:36.710]the top half of the page,
[00:06:38.330]we did incorporated 28% uranium ammonium nitrate
[00:06:42.820]at 200 pounds per acre as a side dress.
[00:06:46.160]We did incorporate it swine manure at 5000 gallons per acre
[00:06:49.870]because that got me 200 units of nitrogen.
[00:06:52.800]We did surface-applied swine manure at 5000 gallons per acre
[00:06:57.500]and then we did incorporate dairy manure
[00:07:00.070]at our legal limit in the state of 13,500 gallons per acre,
[00:07:05.020]plus we had to add about 65 pounds of UAN
[00:07:09.210]to get to our 200 pounds.
[00:07:11.840]And then we also did a surface-applied dairy manure,
[00:07:14.280]and those are all pre emergent plots.
[00:07:16.590]So when I started this way back in 2012,
[00:07:18.940]I didn't think the corn could be out of the ground,
[00:07:21.320]if we ever wanted to go to drag hoses.
[00:07:23.410]And then the bottom half are the same exact treatments,
[00:07:26.470]only their post emergent plots at the three year average.
[00:07:30.050]And if you look at at the results,
[00:07:34.010]if you compare incorporated swine manure on a second line,
[00:07:38.030]to the surface-applied,
[00:07:39.850]or scheme the incorporated commercial fertilizer,
[00:07:42.890]both pre emergent and post emergent plots,
[00:07:46.050]the manure actually beat the commercial fertilizer
[00:07:49.160]by double digits each year.
[00:07:51.070]You can see on a pre emergent plots,
[00:07:52.560]it was about 15 bushel per acre
[00:07:54.720]on a post emergent plots about 17.
[00:07:57.480]So this gave us a lot of pause before on this,
[00:08:01.890]if we went and looked at the surface application
[00:08:05.580]of the swine minerals in both instances,
[00:08:08.160]we gave back the yield advantage,
[00:08:10.940]but we were still within about 10 bushel
[00:08:13.510]of the incorporated commercial fertilizer.
[00:08:16.410]So when you leave manure on top the ground,
[00:08:18.440]you're leaving nitrogen on top of the ground,
[00:08:20.230]if you can smell it, it's leaving.
[00:08:22.680]And this kind of backed that up,
[00:08:24.070]at least it gave us something to think about.
[00:08:26.270]And then we looked at the dairy plots.
[00:08:29.310]Again, Incorporated dairy manure,
[00:08:32.440]competed very favorably with
[00:08:34.610]our commercial fertilizer and our plots.
[00:08:37.640]Surface-applied dairy manure
[00:08:39.570]was even worse than the surface applied hog manure.
[00:08:42.320]So again, we just want folks to understand
[00:08:45.280]when they're thrown on top the ground,
[00:08:46.800]they're still going to be donating a lot of nutrients
[00:08:49.510]and this is a five year average.
[00:08:51.326]Went through about one great season,
[00:08:53.530]two droughts and a couple other so so years on that one.
[00:08:58.780]So that led us to try it out to dry course.
[00:09:02.750]This is Herod farms in Darke county
[00:09:07.180]shit backup.
[00:09:09.890]This is Herod farms in Darke County,
[00:09:14.420]working with us on side dress plots.
[00:09:17.880]They were the first farmer in Ohio
[00:09:19.720]who was willing to give this a try.
[00:09:22.100]This is one of three University owned
[00:09:24.790]side dress toolbars that we run with in western Ohio.
[00:09:28.210]This happens to have a Dietrich
[00:09:29.620]rolling colder units on it
[00:09:31.930]and he's a No-Till farmer
[00:09:33.410]so the fields are usually pretty firm
[00:09:35.330]able to hold the hore,
[00:09:36.600]able to hold the equipment in pretty good shape.
[00:09:39.120]This corn is pretty close to the V4 stage.
[00:09:42.330]Um, a little bit tall but still were able to get it done.
[00:09:45.080]You can see some of the manure it's not
[00:09:46.700]completely absorbed yet.
[00:09:48.410]But it usually doesn't take very long
[00:09:49.930]and you can walk across that and
[00:09:53.120]not have your shoes smell like manure continuously.
[00:09:57.730]If you look at, we've worked with him for six years now.
[00:10:01.970]And if you look at his numbers
[00:10:05.220]over that six year period of time on the swine manure,
[00:10:08.310]he's averaged 200 point six bushels per acre,
[00:10:12.140]and on his commercial fertilizer,
[00:10:13.700]he's averaged 183 point three bushels per acre.
[00:10:17.040]So as he's gotten better at this,
[00:10:19.950]I think he's getting similar yield differences
[00:10:22.310]that we got with our small research plot tankers work,
[00:10:25.490]soil compaction wasn't an issue.
[00:10:27.810]So over his six years, we're running right at
[00:10:30.350]17 point three bushel per acre better
[00:10:33.300]with the manure and again,
[00:10:34.550]he does the whole field with manure
[00:10:36.300]except he'll leave four strips in there
[00:10:38.840]of commercial fertilizer for us for comparison.
[00:10:41.980]And then he believes based on his
[00:10:43.950]fertilizer savings based on his yield increase,
[00:10:47.078]that for him is worth about $157 an acre.
[00:10:50.880]Now he doesn't do every acre of corn of course,
[00:10:53.160]he simply sets aside each season 140 to 50 acre cornfield
[00:10:58.160]that he's going to try to side dress with manure
[00:11:00.970]and the rest of his fields pitrits,
[00:11:03.470]as he always would with commercial fertilizer.
[00:11:05.930]So it seems to work for him.
[00:11:07.780]The other thing that works for him is the balance involved.
[00:11:11.570]When we look at 200 bushel corn
[00:11:14.890]and the removal of 70 pounds of phosphorus per acre
[00:11:18.220]when it's harvested,
[00:11:19.660]and we look at coming back the following years
[00:11:21.980]with soybeans, and 65 bushel soybeans
[00:11:25.380]removes another 51 pounds of P205
[00:11:29.970]over a two year season,
[00:11:33.770]we would look at the removal of 121 pounds of P205 per acre.
[00:11:38.870]And that's pretty typical in Ohio,
[00:11:40.330]somewhere between 100 and 125
[00:11:42.910]is our typical removal P205 with a corn soybean rotation.
[00:11:47.000]When he puts his 6500 gallons of manure
[00:11:49.770]on this field every other year,
[00:11:51.950]he's putting 221 units of nitrogen.
[00:11:54.730]He's putting 117 pounds of P205.
[00:11:58.200]And so his balance is just about being breakeven
[00:12:00.660]over the two years time period
[00:12:03.190]and as P205 or K20 is potash isn't too bad either.
[00:12:07.090]It's about 29 pounds to the positive.
[00:12:10.139]And he's just pretty thrilled.
[00:12:11.950]Thinks it's just a great way to go.
[00:12:13.440]He's got three finishing buildings, so he tries to have
[00:12:17.530]fields for each of those buildings each season.
[00:12:21.360]The question then arises,
[00:12:22.410]how tall can you be with a corn
[00:12:24.620]so we drag hose cornfields,
[00:12:27.230]plots we did for five years
[00:12:29.330]where we would drag corn at
[00:12:30.940]V one, V two, V three, V four and V five.
[00:12:35.830]And when we would be done going across the field like this,
[00:12:38.360]we would turn right around and go back across it
[00:12:40.840]for the maximum amount of damage we could do.
[00:12:44.230]If you looked at the five years that we did that
[00:12:46.910]from 2014 to 2018,
[00:12:50.220]down the left hand side under the corn stage,
[00:12:52.920]you have no drag hose used.
[00:12:55.290]V one, V two, V three, V four and V five stages
[00:12:58.620]where the hose was dropped twice
[00:13:00.669]across the corner each of those stages,
[00:13:03.940]you bring the yield across the column the rows
[00:13:07.620]to the right hand column.
[00:13:10.140]Basically, we're around 170 bushel for each year.
[00:13:14.140]At no drag hose,
[00:13:15.680]we're about 169 point seven.
[00:13:18.345]At V one we're at 169 point nine,
[00:13:22.150]V two 168 point three,
[00:13:24.340]V three 171 point nine.
[00:13:27.420]We started to break a little bit at the V four stage,
[00:13:31.150]when we did break off a few plants,
[00:13:33.360]but the yield statistically was still there.
[00:13:36.190]But at V five, we definitely know that's a bad place to be.
[00:13:40.710]So we think we're comfortable in saying
[00:13:42.990]that we can go to V four
[00:13:44.640]using our drag hose,
[00:13:46.200]but we don't think we want to go to V five.
[00:13:50.900]Just so we're on the same page.
[00:13:52.870]You know, V one is the first leaf out of the ground.
[00:13:55.140]It's kind of rounded like the end of your thumb.
[00:13:57.570]V two this leaf on the left side
[00:14:00.160]has a collar it's gripping the plant.
[00:14:02.600]This V three leaf on the right hand side also has a collar.
[00:14:06.960]It's gripping the plant like you would grip a shovel handle.
[00:14:12.620]So we feel real comfortable that we can go to V four
[00:14:15.710]which V four leaf is here on the left hand side at the top,
[00:14:20.080]but it does not have a collar where it grips the corn plant.
[00:14:23.000]So this is still V three corn.
[00:14:26.580]The other thing to talk about a bit
[00:14:28.110]is how to plant the corn to make the drag hose work out.
[00:14:31.770]The way the Heroid to do it,
[00:14:33.480]and the most common way we do it in Ohio,
[00:14:35.840]is to plant two fields at the same angle
[00:14:38.130]that the commercial commercial drag hose
[00:14:39.920]persons gonna want to lie his hose.
[00:14:42.120]In this field, the corn is planted at a diagnal
[00:14:45.970]and the commercial applicator would also
[00:14:48.740]lay his his hose that way and he would do
[00:14:55.060]the left triangle on this field,
[00:14:57.210]that he would do a crossover maneuver,
[00:14:59.180]and he would do the triangle on the other side of the field.
[00:15:01.400]And that's how commercial dry hose guys operate best.
[00:15:05.500]We also have done it where we put a hose humper
[00:15:07.800]on the end of the field and did straight rows of corn.
[00:15:10.750]And that worked reasonably well
[00:15:12.490]but it's a lot of pressure on a drag hose.
[00:15:14.960]So the latest one that we did last summer
[00:15:16.800]that we liked quite a bit is to
[00:15:18.710]unroll the hose on that in a bean field
[00:15:21.010]right beside the corn field that we want to do
[00:15:23.113]this side dress work in,
[00:15:25.160]and that corn field's on the left hand side of this picture.
[00:15:28.340]And essentially as the applicator goes back
[00:15:30.850]and forth in this field,
[00:15:32.800]the hose humper guy just reaches in
[00:15:35.150]and hooks onto the hose.
[00:15:37.690]So here we have a tractor
[00:15:39.000]coming across doing a manure application.
[00:15:41.970]And then when he gets by the hose humper
[00:15:43.960]who's dead center in the middle of an 11,
[00:15:46.410]or quarter mile field, we'll reach over here with
[00:15:49.790]a hose humper and simply hook onto the field
[00:15:52.340]and brace it, didn't take a whole lot of tractor to do that.
[00:15:55.780]We've also done this and a half mile field.
[00:15:58.740]But again, that's getting pretty be hard on a dry hose,
[00:16:01.360]but it can be done.
[00:16:02.990]So that's an example of,
[00:16:04.350]and I think this next video maybe sums it up
[00:16:07.160]a little bit better.
[00:16:09.020]where he's gone, by he's reached in,
[00:16:11.260]he's grabbed the hose, and then a,
[00:16:13.830]the application trackers about to make the
[00:16:16.170]turn on the far end,
[00:16:18.240]when he gets down and he makes that turn and that hose stops
[00:16:21.410]flowing through the hose hopper or some
[00:16:24.150]people would call that a hose rustler,
[00:16:26.790]then this drag hose gentleman who's the owner
[00:16:29.480]of the field, he'll also get out of the road and,
[00:16:32.470]and at that application tractor come back
[00:16:34.190]through a little while.
[00:16:35.960]So you can see we're pulling all the hose
[00:16:37.780]from the left hand side out of that soybean
[00:16:40.780]field that we had.
[00:16:42.200]And we think this is probably gonna be
[00:16:44.230]the system that if a farmer absolutely thinks
[00:16:46.900]a field has to be planted straight,
[00:16:48.610]this would probably be the system that we
[00:16:51.160]would look at to make their drag hose thing work.
[00:16:55.830]Remember it takes a second tractor, takes a hose humper,
[00:17:00.110]that's more people, that's more involvement
[00:17:02.190]and not have your commercial applicator
[00:17:03.870]is would be interested in doing that.
[00:17:09.090]One last one I would throw out there is simply the
[00:17:12.610]surface application of manure on corn,
[00:17:15.240]we still do a lot of that mistake.
[00:17:19.290]Here we're throwing about 7000 gallons per acre
[00:17:22.290]of swine finishing manure on top corner, the V three stage.
[00:17:25.800]That's the first time this farmer ever did it.
[00:17:28.120]So he thought in the future,
[00:17:29.310]he would probably plant a corn at an angle
[00:17:31.830]and let that tractor follow the rows of corn.
[00:17:34.680]So it's kind of a baby step in the right direction
[00:17:36.980]of where I'd like them to go.
[00:17:38.700]And I just want to emphasize that that the field
[00:17:40.910]has to be solid enough to handle the hose.
[00:17:43.770]If you have a very soft spring work field,
[00:17:47.860]like this, what you'll do is you'll have
[00:17:50.580]that hose scour that loose dirt,
[00:17:52.580]see how we're starting to bury corn plants.
[00:17:55.507]This really looks bad and it makes everybody
[00:17:58.400]upset when you do it.
[00:17:59.440]So this field we also did two years later
[00:18:02.910]with the dry hose,
[00:18:04.270]and it had a heavy rain so the field
[00:18:06.230]was a lot firmer than it was this time around.
[00:18:09.130]And the hose drug pretty well cross there,
[00:18:11.690]they still got 243 bushel per acre.
[00:18:13.850]So I think their their anger was turned in cheek
[00:18:16.760]so to speak when the year was all over with,
[00:18:18.960]but this is just salmonella,
[00:18:20.220]you can see the sound units in the background
[00:18:21.980]and trying to make best avidly can.
[00:18:25.290]If for those who like to follow things on Facebook,
[00:18:28.360]or Ohio State Facebook page is here,
[00:18:30.190]I try to post as many pictures and videos
[00:18:34.040]on here as much manure research as I can.
[00:18:36.980]Because I know that's just a much faster way
[00:18:38.610]to reach larger audiences.
[00:18:40.540]So we get a lot of feedback from from folks
[00:18:42.930]and we'll sometimes put some stuff on manure
[00:18:44.630]kings and some of the other Facebook pages.
[00:18:47.840]And that was kind of my talk.
[00:18:49.200]Melissa, I will be happy to take questions
[00:18:52.270]if anybody wants to ask anything.

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Glen Arnold - Side Dressing Crops with Manure

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