2020 Cover Crop Conference Presentations

Deloris Pittman Author

02/28/2020 Added

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2020 Nebraska Cover Crop and Soil Health Conference presentation – Cover Crop Conference Speaker Panel

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[00:00:21.510]First question,
[00:00:22.540]I'll get one of the mics running out here
[00:00:25.170]and then I'll have one passed around for the speaker.
[00:00:27.170]So I'll hand this off to you for the first question.
[00:00:29.421]Questions?
[00:00:31.170]Feel free to ask an individual panelist,
[00:00:34.040]or the panelist as a whole,
[00:00:36.284]are your two options so preface that first.
[00:00:39.030]Okay.
[00:00:40.510]Who's got a question?
[00:00:43.000]I'm just curious a couple of you had some inputs
[00:00:46.280]on your PowerPoints about using biologicals.
[00:00:50.899]Aren't the cover crops
[00:00:52.240]supposed to kind of help us out with that,
[00:00:54.960]or what was the need to put the biologicals on I guess?
[00:01:06.840]Some of it was like a $30 input if I saw one of them,
[00:01:10.520]or two of the budgets.
[00:01:13.130]I don't know who actually had the question
[00:01:14.590]but we don't use any,
[00:01:15.970]so I'm probably the least educated guy to answer that one.
[00:01:20.670]But if you've got the system cranking
[00:01:22.820]I don't know why you'd need it.
[00:01:25.623]A related question is, when you're using legumes,
[00:01:31.810]is it important to use the specific inoculum
[00:01:35.810]or do you make the assumption
[00:01:37.100]that that soil is already has inoculum there?
[00:01:42.770]On the inoculum side, first time we used like a pea
[00:01:46.290]or something like that, your vetches,
[00:01:48.279]you're probably want to inoculate,
[00:01:49.440]but then we tend to wean off after that.
[00:01:52.630]I know some of the fava beans and that
[00:01:54.410]are a little more critical, stuff like that.
[00:01:58.430]I just want to answer quick about the biologicals.
[00:02:01.040]That was from one of the case studies,
[00:02:03.470]that was $30 per acre.
[00:02:05.750]And essentially he was using that as a, in a pop-up.
[00:02:10.097]So three to five gallon per acre pop-up.
[00:02:15.380]Biological product, I think he just help with,
[00:02:17.740]thought stimulated the roots.
[00:02:19.060]Kind of get the roots growing a little quicker.
[00:02:21.410]So then, and he really wasn't using
[00:02:24.730]like a starter fertilizer.
[00:02:26.900]There was probably a little bit just in the pop-up
[00:02:29.130]but he didn't do like a two-by-two or anything like that.
[00:02:32.560]So, get those roots growing and get them kind of activated
[00:02:36.550]and then they're going out
[00:02:37.780]and finding the nutrients there on their own after that.
[00:02:41.130]So, so that was what he had responded to when,
[00:02:43.883]because I asked him about that in an interview, so.
[00:02:49.540]With regard to compaction, there's a frost depth.
[00:02:56.210]They always talk about you know, if the ground freezes,
[00:02:59.650]it's going to uncompact it a little bit.
[00:03:02.880]Is there any truth to that?
[00:03:06.750]In our system, we're getting to the point
[00:03:08.410]where our ground really probably doesn't freeze
[00:03:10.260]near as much as it used to.
[00:03:12.030]I mean we've got, I just looked before, we're at 29 degrees,
[00:03:15.680]I think it's two inch right now.
[00:03:18.860]And I think it's 17 below, I don't right know.
[00:03:25.040]Aaron or Abbey or anyone else wanna tackle frost depth
[00:03:28.040]in alleviating compaction?
[00:03:30.860]So I as asked to answer the question about compaction
[00:03:32.820]because it's cold in North Dakota.
[00:03:34.920]But when we're cold, we are cold for like nine months, man.
[00:03:37.460]We don't get freeze-thaw, we don't get any,
[00:03:39.540]it's just cold.
[00:03:40.790](laughing)
[00:03:43.690]Yeah, we don't, we actually rely more on wet-dry
[00:03:46.820]to deal with our compaction versus the, yeah.
[00:03:52.220]I'm sorry my brain's gone.
[00:03:53.190]Freeze-thaw, thank you.
[00:03:57.420]Any other comments on that, Aaron?
[00:03:59.210]On wet-dry versus freeze-thaw in Nebraska?
[00:04:01.700]Differences?
[00:04:03.870]You know, I've just heard Paul Yaza speak
[00:04:05.680]a little bit on this and his sentiment is
[00:04:07.951]that no-till fields probably aren't freezing very often,
[00:04:11.860]and then how many times does that soil need to expand and
[00:04:15.510]contract for it to actually form a stable vertical crack,
[00:04:20.040]we don't know, but if it's only freezing down
[00:04:22.730]to eight inches one or two times a year, that's probably
[00:04:25.480]not enough action between different pieces of the field
[00:04:29.380]in site specific soil.
[00:04:32.450]About two weeks after harvest of either corn or soy beans
[00:04:37.280]a neighbor puts his cows on my field for winter pasture.
[00:04:42.660]What's a good cover crop to put on fields like that?
[00:04:49.790]I'm assuming you're thinking now,
[00:04:51.810]now after the fact.
[00:04:53.600]Is that what you're thinking about?
[00:04:59.180]I don't currently have any cover crops.
[00:05:01.630]Okay.
[00:05:02.463]But I'd like to have something.
[00:05:04.015]Okay.
[00:05:04.848]And somebody else can disagree with me if they want,
[00:05:08.550]but I've been telling a lot of people recently,
[00:05:13.550]especially on prevented planted and stuff that they
[00:05:15.730]haven't got nothing into really look at oats at this point,
[00:05:20.390]because this spring you're going to get more biomass growth
[00:05:25.490]out of the oats and things like that than you will the rye.
[00:05:30.120]I don't know what anybody else thinks.
[00:05:31.840]Warren?
[00:05:35.460]When did you want to plant it?
[00:05:37.400]This spring, for cattle.
[00:05:39.650]So this spring with oat peas, is really a dependable mix to
[00:05:44.210]put on any ground for grazing.
[00:05:46.590]It can be grazed fairly quickly and then
[00:05:49.100]gone into another cash crop, so.
[00:05:58.301]Hold it, hold it, hold it.
[00:05:59.700]Oh, so you're going to plant corn this spring and
[00:06:02.010]then you'd like to plant cover crops after corn.
[00:06:04.540]Correct.
[00:06:05.373]And so drilling after harvest,
[00:06:06.980]cereal rye, or oats, something if you want to graze
[00:06:09.840]in the pall, you need to put something that's going to
[00:06:11.480]come up really quick, oats, radish, turnip, if you're
[00:06:14.430]going to plant by September 15.
[00:06:17.280]If it's after that then you're really looking at spring
[00:06:19.470]grazing rather then fall grazing.
[00:06:21.850]So that's when a cereal rye can become really
[00:06:24.210]a good addition to that mix.
[00:06:27.050]The cattle come on the field about
[00:06:29.200]two weeks after harvest.
[00:06:32.810]Yeah, so you're not going to be able to plant after
[00:06:35.940]harvest then at all.
[00:06:37.630]So that's where this helicopter comes into play,
[00:06:39.960]and broadcast seeding over at that standing corn.
[00:06:43.120]There's pluses and minuses and you've got to really work
[00:06:45.760]that out for you, and decide how much value it's adds.
[00:06:52.540]Mine's going to be on in June already.
[00:06:54.820]But the biggest difference between what I'm going now
[00:06:57.330]and what you would probably need to do
[00:06:59.160]is jack the seeding rates up.
[00:07:01.629]This year our average was nine pounds an acre.
[00:07:04.800]You'd probably want to be up if you're using the same mix,
[00:07:06.950]you'd be up on the thirty to almost 40 pound range.
[00:07:10.270]But you'd got some pretty good seed suppliers.
[00:07:12.340]I'd talk to your local seed supplier and go from there.
[00:07:16.880]Okay, go ahead, Don.
[00:07:18.697]If you're interseeding legumes and corn, can you
[00:07:22.380]count on any nitrogen that the legumes will provide
[00:07:25.880]for the corn in that same year?
[00:07:35.870]Back to the, if you've seen the (mumbles) data I had,
[00:07:39.020]he showed that with a early cover crop primer, I think
[00:07:42.930]he was producing 80 pounds of nitrogen.
[00:07:44.897]I'd have to look at the slide again.
[00:07:47.679]But it's either 40 or 80 pounds, he was actually
[00:07:49.920]producing throughout the year.
[00:07:51.470]And back to Jill Clapperton, she would show you
[00:07:55.000]that that can actually through mycorrhizal fungi
[00:07:57.340]share it with corn.
[00:08:01.030]There was definitely a yield benefit to the legumes strip
[00:08:04.080]versus the check.
[00:08:05.200]The check only got to 40 pounds of starter, and so the
[00:08:10.142]rest of it only had the warm season legumes in those plots
[00:08:13.220]and they were regular bushels, over 200 bushels per acre.
[00:08:21.450]On the machinery side, does anybody know of any major
[00:08:25.150]manufacturers that are building inter-seeder frequently?
[00:08:30.710]I am.
[00:08:31.784](laughter)
[00:08:33.000]Okay.
[00:08:33.833]We sell complete rigs.
[00:08:36.780]That'd be through Dawn or Underground AG.
[00:08:39.860]Okay, but.
[00:08:40.693]Dawn Underground.
[00:08:41.526]Dawn, Dawn Equipment, same as rope cleaners,
[00:08:44.390]hydraulic down force.
[00:08:46.620]And not to step on Lauren's toes, but Hiniker also
[00:08:50.330]makes one, that's what the Simes use on their farm.
[00:08:57.470]There's others.
[00:08:58.644]Penn State
[00:09:00.460]Penn State makes a, they have an inter-seeder that
[00:09:04.270]basically looks like a drill.
[00:09:07.730]There's more too, but in light of the error,
[00:09:10.670]errors, the seeding companies--
[00:09:13.172]A lot of these guys are just buying their own units,
[00:09:14.160]assemble them themselves, either a Valmar, like Montag.
[00:09:20.320]There's APV is another seed box.
[00:09:24.290]So I always like to point out that interseeding is
[00:09:26.400]not the place to start growing cover crops.
[00:09:28.700]That's like professional level cover cropping.
[00:09:31.580]You've got to get some things figured out,
[00:09:33.790]like herbicides and management.
[00:09:36.690]so starting with a drill after harvest that's a perfect time
[00:09:39.670]to plant something real simple, ahead of soybeans.
[00:09:42.440]That's a great time to start using cover crops,
[00:09:45.145](mumbles) which was a great first try.
[00:09:48.860]That way it's easy to terminate.
[00:09:50.270]Or something that's going to frost kill.
[00:09:52.593]But keep it simple, keep it inexpensive, and learn.
[00:09:56.290]And then three years later you'll have a really good
[00:09:59.850]experience level, and you can start diversifying the
[00:10:02.650]system and looking for those windows of opportunity
[00:10:05.510]that will allow you to get more and better value.
[00:10:10.000]Another avenue would probably get a hold
[00:10:11.690]of one of us that has.
[00:10:13.356]We kind of know people that have them in your area.
[00:10:16.490]And if you're going to hire somebody, we'd probably help
[00:10:20.370]hook you up on that department.
[00:10:22.050]Let you get comfortable with it before you build.
[00:10:26.067]Interseeding is not the place to start, like Karen said.
[00:10:30.980]What I've seen over the years is doubting Thomas's,
[00:10:34.730]even with cover crops no matter what you're doing.
[00:10:37.480]So basically don't start, I mean my suggestion,
[00:10:41.450]don't start with interseeding.
[00:10:43.030]I know that's been a main topic here today,
[00:10:46.180]but just try it after beans, or something like that
[00:10:50.560]that's simple for you to accomplish.
[00:10:55.420]But yeah, Noran's point, if you're going to do
[00:10:57.153]interseeding, there's experience on that as well,
[00:11:00.310]so just reach out.
[00:11:01.267]Get the right equipment, that's a really big key,
[00:11:03.960]and then the right mix.
[00:11:05.360]You can't just go and plant anything in there
[00:11:07.410]and have it be successful.
[00:11:10.064]I don't know if you guys have this issue here,
[00:11:11.430]but we have it in North Dakota, where after soybean,
[00:11:14.790]a farmer really has to weigh on whether they're going to
[00:11:16.710]run they're equipment through the soybean residue and cut
[00:11:19.130]it up to seed a cover crop, if there's
[00:11:21.080]enough time for it to grow,
[00:11:22.573]to protect that soil from erosion.
[00:11:24.230]So a lot of times if it's getting too late in the season
[00:11:26.390]for us they won't seed the cover crop because they want the
[00:11:29.301]soybean residue to stay there versus coming in
[00:11:32.330]and seeding it and having the disks cut everything up
[00:11:34.350]and disturb it while they're seeding.
[00:11:36.610]So that's another thing to weigh too.
[00:11:37.900]If it's getting late and you're just going to do something
[00:11:39.680]that's not going to have much time to grow, think about
[00:11:42.850]maybe not doing it and just leaving the residue in place.
[00:11:48.000]Yeah, for wind erosion is our primary.
[00:11:50.660]Okay, question over here by Keith.
[00:11:53.340]You were talking about the cover crops, roots going down
[00:11:57.120]enough to break down the compaction.
[00:11:59.660]What about the long term CRP coming out?
[00:12:02.540]Have you done anything with that, looking at that?
[00:12:07.260]I've personally been on some fields,
[00:12:09.200]so just anecdotally is all I have.
[00:12:12.050]I think there's a line in the state where CRP really does
[00:12:15.900]a lot of good on structure, deep.
[00:12:19.800]And it really depends on where you started, too.
[00:12:23.020]So if that field's heavily eroded, then the potential
[00:12:25.740]for that soil to rejuvenate quickly is diminished.
[00:12:29.390]And so it's really case by case.
[00:12:31.750]And precipitation, and the amount of productivity
[00:12:34.230]in that soil or in the system, dictates how much soil
[00:12:39.590]structure can be formed in 10 years or 20 years.
[00:12:43.260]And I've been on some fields that were 30 years in CRP
[00:12:46.110]and still had restrictive layers in them
[00:12:48.860]and just didn't function.
[00:12:50.740]But there was no top soil,
[00:12:52.600]so it was all subsoil, and just really a poor situation.
[00:12:56.940]It did hold, there was no erosion, but the soil structure
[00:13:00.320]hadn't really improved, so the CRP did it's job I guess.
[00:13:07.950]Question, back there by Keith.
[00:13:11.730]You haven't talked much on 60-inch row.
[00:13:14.710]It would make a lot of sense to have some more room
[00:13:18.700]to put your cover crops between the 60-inch rows.
[00:13:23.670]How cost effective do you think it would be
[00:13:25.860]if you had livestock and you had 60-inch rows and
[00:13:29.230]you're getting probably less yield with 60-inch.
[00:13:34.660]Is your grazing possibly going to offset your yield loss
[00:13:40.140]for dollars per acre?
[00:13:43.930]On the 60-inch rows,
[00:13:45.040]we've done it five years now I think it is,
[00:13:48.200]and we've actually maintained or beat yield every time.
[00:13:51.400]I know there's a few guys struggling to do that,
[00:13:53.850]but we're kind of worried they figured out
[00:13:57.470]the cover crop advantages, and as I've said earlier today,
[00:14:01.266]if you're looking at 60-inch row, that probably is the main
[00:14:04.760]reason, plus we're undergoing tests for next year,
[00:14:08.734]we've got the legume there this year hopefully we'll
[00:14:12.290]go in and put the corn right where the 60-inch band is,
[00:14:15.720]and then just shift over 30 inches.
[00:14:20.310]Critical plant population, critical thing is to maintain
[00:14:23.464]plant population if you're going to maintain yield.
[00:14:27.560]Yeah, if you're running 35000 on the field, run 35000 on
[00:14:30.987]the 60's, so instead of 6-inch spacing,
[00:14:34.070]you're down to 3-inch spacing.
[00:14:36.070]That's probably little bit of the hard part
[00:14:38.080]for people to understand.
[00:14:39.590]I mean on our plot this year we were already up to
[00:14:42.710]85000 just to see how far we could push it.
[00:14:46.070]I mean basically the plants were an inch a part,
[00:14:48.300]and we saw no yield gain.
[00:14:50.810]But that was kind of a miscommunication
[00:14:53.340]between me and Bob Requardt.
[00:14:56.960]We stress test.
[00:14:59.930]The question is lodging.
[00:15:01.540]I mean we have absolute, we've never had an issue,
[00:15:04.400]and the one year, Bob's test plot took a hard windstorm
[00:15:08.700]and the 60-inch corn actually took the wind
[00:15:11.360]better than the 30-inch.
[00:15:14.430]I think we have a lot of growers in North Dakota
[00:15:15.700]that are going to try the 60-inch corn.
[00:15:17.030]I think there were like 40 of them got together the other
[00:15:19.090]day just to talk their ideas.
[00:15:21.682]And one of the things that they that I wanted them to
[00:15:23.960]keep in their minds as they move forward on this is the
[00:15:25.640]herbicide residual, and I can think of nothing worse than
[00:15:28.140]have 60-inch corn and have no cover crop established
[00:15:30.430]in there because you have some herbicide residual.
[00:15:31.940]So make sure that you're set up to be able to do that
[00:15:34.640]and not lose that tool of competition
[00:15:36.540]for your weed management.
[00:15:38.840]Another key aspect is index your nitrogen.
[00:15:42.546]If you want to queue up the last part of my PowerPoint
[00:15:45.260]I could bring up the yield slides and all that if
[00:15:47.013]you really want to go into depth yet here at the end.
[00:15:50.740]So the question was benefits of alfalfa in the crop
[00:15:53.204]rotation to soil physical properties.
[00:15:56.410]Erosion-wise, alfalfa is probably the hardest
[00:15:58.540]thing on soil, because you collapse the soil aggregates
[00:16:01.870]with the legume and then you're constantly trafficking
[00:16:05.380]and removing and not much is ever getting put on.
[00:16:09.380]I mean if you ever get a chance go look at a freshly
[00:16:11.900]made hayfield right after a heavy rain, sheets right off.
[00:16:16.071]One thing alfalfa does do is put some roots at depth
[00:16:19.930]and so there might be some deep carbon storage
[00:16:22.620]in that system, but the compaction and the infiltration
[00:16:25.700]rates are really, really low.
[00:16:27.370]It's just a really tough environment.
[00:16:28.948]It's disturbance.
[00:16:31.350]High disturbing system.
[00:16:34.274]So, I don't know if you got away the pluses and minuses
[00:16:37.030]in what you're after.
[00:16:38.000]And I think that's what I would have just stated,
[00:16:39.860]in summarize this is the why of cover crops.
[00:16:43.310]That's how Abby started.
[00:16:45.780]What your objective is,
[00:16:46.920]keep that in mind as you measure the success.
[00:16:51.000]So you have to say did I meet my objective first.
[00:16:55.050]There's a question.
[00:16:56.105]Question up front here.
[00:16:58.470]If there's somebody in here that's been no-till for
[00:17:01.900]x amount of years but have never planted cover crops,
[00:17:05.700]give them your best guess as far as if they've done
[00:17:08.440]it for 10 years no-till with no cover crops,
[00:17:11.800]what one, two, or three years of cover crops
[00:17:14.600]will do to catch up.
[00:17:16.970]Does that make sense?
[00:17:18.380]So that's a really good question actually.
[00:17:19.750]How many years of no-till do you think would be
[00:17:22.520]equivalent to one year of cover crops.
[00:17:24.590]If somebody's tilled all their life and have never done
[00:17:27.718]no-till, then they say okay, what's it going to be
[00:17:31.640]equivalent to 10 years of no-till.
[00:17:34.890]How quickly can they recover?
[00:17:36.240]At the 28th, Fernanda Crupek is a PhD candidate student
[00:17:40.097]with UNO Agronomy, she's going to summarize our soil
[00:17:42.800]health demonstration fields.
[00:17:44.600]And she's done a system analysis for long term
[00:17:47.320]no-till and they use one, two, and three years of cover
[00:17:49.820]crops, versus tillage systems that are convert to no-till.
[00:17:53.680]And the rate of change on the soil health indicators,
[00:17:57.600]and so she is going to try and portray that
[00:17:59.817]and summarize that.
[00:18:01.150]We see these longer term no-till fields responding
[00:18:03.730]a lot faster to cover crops.
[00:18:05.900]And in one, two, and three years, there's much bigger
[00:18:09.400]rates of change than in a fresh off
[00:18:12.280]convert to no-till field.
[00:18:15.120]I think that the rate of change is faster with cover
[00:18:17.810]crops than without of course.
[00:18:19.920]So more to come on that.
[00:18:21.875]It's going to be talked about and published,
[00:18:24.420]hopefully published.
[00:18:25.760]I can answer that personally because I've
[00:18:29.170]no-tilled probably for 25 years or more on my farm.
[00:18:33.920]And 10 years ago, I started using cover crops, okay.
[00:18:41.900]When my son did his, a case study at UNL,
[00:18:46.440]my organic matter was 0.9,
[00:18:51.020]okay, yeah, ounce.
[00:18:52.460]And we're looking at a hasting salt long, low.
[00:18:57.160]So after I started incorporating cover crops,
[00:19:00.760]my organic matter this last year tested 2.4.
[00:19:05.430]So I've gained 1.4 in 10 years basically.
[00:19:12.930]So that,
[00:19:14.410]and in my case,
[00:19:16.130]what I have seen is I'm a firm believer
[00:19:20.510]in using soil moisture monitoring equipment.
[00:19:23.630]I was before cover crop even with no-till,
[00:19:28.830]I was putting on an inch to an inch 10 with the pivot.
[00:19:33.850]I can put on 80 hundreds now and have the same effect
[00:19:38.320]in the soil profile as I did with an inch 20.
[00:19:42.500]So, to me, has cover crop been worth it?
[00:19:46.820]Yes.
[00:19:47.696]Okay.
[00:19:49.004]Jay, how long have you been no-till and then you
[00:19:52.025]started interseeding including cover crops?
[00:19:55.116]Actually, the interseeded stuff, I am actually ridge
[00:19:59.330]tilling, so this will be the first year on that strip
[00:20:02.890]that I have not done any tillage for 30, 40 years.
[00:20:09.500]I do have some no-till ground that I'm converting.
[00:20:13.230]I'm probably five years in but I don't have the knowledge
[00:20:16.850]to understand if I'm seeing indicators, to seat-of-the-pants
[00:20:19.900]I would say I'm irrigating less, because I have a quarter
[00:20:22.754]across the section that I always have to start to pivot
[00:20:26.250]sooner according to moisture sensors, but again and that's
[00:20:29.440]not scientific data that's just what I've seen.
[00:20:33.770]Dana, follow-up question behind me, yield gain per year
[00:20:37.640]that you saw under no-till versus yield gain per year
[00:20:40.350]once you added cover crops,
[00:20:44.920]or trends.
[00:20:45.753]I'm going to go back 10 years and think about what
[00:20:49.040]probably what my average yield on corn was.
[00:20:52.870]I'd say somewhere around 175, 180.
[00:20:58.480]And now it's closer to 230.
[00:21:05.010]Question right back here.
[00:21:06.390]Long-term tilling, 40 years, let's say no-tilling,
[00:21:09.870]I've seen some new work saying that
[00:21:11.500]maybe occasional tillage might be useful.
[00:21:16.510]Any comments from anybody on that?
[00:21:20.327]Are just talking about like vertical tillage or are
[00:21:21.650]you talking about--
[00:21:23.415]Just tillage in general, but I guess
[00:21:26.320]if there's a preference.
[00:21:27.960]Okay.
[00:21:29.260]I know we've done some work with your clay chemistry,
[00:21:32.000]and what that means for having to sometimes crack the
[00:21:34.920]no-till soils, and I don't think you guys have, do you have
[00:21:38.140]kaolinite here?
[00:21:39.260]No.
[00:21:40.093]Okay, so then you're fine.
[00:21:41.030]I know there's some places where and in some parts of
[00:21:42.760]North Dakota too where long-term no-till systems need
[00:21:45.840]to be cracked open every once in a while, and that's
[00:21:47.900]maybe where that work is coming from.
[00:21:50.040]Most soils that we have, if it's a two-to-one shrink-swell
[00:21:52.440]clay, it's not a big deal, and you don't have
[00:21:54.250]to worry about that.
[00:21:55.690]In saying that, we've had to, in some years we've had
[00:21:58.870]eight feet of frost in the spring in our soils,
[00:22:01.670]and so we've had to run vertical tillage over it.
[00:22:04.170]Sometimes I wonder why I live here, but.
[00:22:06.386](laughter)
[00:22:07.820]And I chose to move to North Dakota, but yeah, I mean
[00:22:11.090]and we've run vertical tillage across a 40-year no-till
[00:22:13.250]field and it was no big deal, at least it enabled them to
[00:22:15.173]get in and get it planted.
[00:22:18.430]So I think that study is obviously valid.
[00:22:20.830]They've backed it up, and it was really good to see that.
[00:22:24.930]I think tillage works.
[00:22:26.200]That's why that works, because it decreases bulk density
[00:22:31.240]and increases infiltration and it cycles nutrients
[00:22:33.550]and increases productivity.
[00:22:35.650]But to get the same benefit you have to do it again,
[00:22:39.970]and again, and when does that cost stop,
[00:22:45.240]and before you realize the negative.
[00:22:47.500]And so if your soil is resilient and can withstand that
[00:22:50.460]damage, you'll reap some benefits.
[00:22:53.640]But then it's costing you too.
[00:22:55.320]So how many years can you take the benefit before you
[00:22:57.920]see a negative, that's I guess what I leave you with.
[00:23:01.860]Yeah, there was a study that's been done here at
[00:23:05.730]Mead on the periodic tillage of long-term no-till.
[00:23:09.540]We can talk about the details of the study because they
[00:23:13.130]measured a whole bunch of things, so we can go through
[00:23:16.110]each one of those things they measured.
[00:23:18.140]So the answer is it depends on what you're looking at,
[00:23:20.610]what the implications, good or bad, were, so.
[00:23:24.330]So, talk to me after.
[00:23:26.730]It's in this week's Crop Watch, that article and the
[00:23:29.980]discussion.
[00:23:31.280]Well, just for the sake of time, we're nearing about
[00:23:34.640]4 o'clock and respect people's time.
[00:23:36.827]If you have more questions for the panelist,
[00:23:39.060]if the panelists are willing to hang around a little bit
[00:23:41.660]at the end of the work day, that's up to them.
[00:23:43.660]But we appreciate all your time at the program today
[00:23:46.500]and our speakers for traveling.
[00:23:48.210]If you can fill out your evaluations before you leave,
[00:23:51.120]either leave them at your table, or at the back.
[00:23:53.430]But we'd like to thank the steering committee, and
[00:23:55.320]sponsors again and thanks for attending
[00:23:57.070]and we'll see you next year.

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2020 Cover Crop Conference Presentations

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