Poultry Nutrition
Sheila Purdum
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01/16/2020
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Dr. Sheila Purdum discusses poultry nutrition.
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- [00:00:00.000]And I'm gonna talk a little bit about
- [00:00:01.910]poultry and nutrition, today.
- [00:00:03.970]And we're gonna start with ingredients that poultry,
- [00:00:06.368]chickens, like to eat, and that are typically in a diet.
- [00:00:10.870]We're gonna start with corn.
- [00:00:12.930]Corn is a major ingredient for energy.
- [00:00:16.090]It's not necessarily the best ingredient for protein,
- [00:00:18.870]but it provides a lot of energy, and it's readily available.
- [00:00:22.730]It should be ground.
- [00:00:24.900]It can be fed whole, and the bird's gizzard will grind it,
- [00:00:29.040]but most rations have it ground before they feed it
- [00:00:32.810]to the chickens.
- [00:00:35.150]Corn is followed by soybean meal.
- [00:00:39.600]Soybean meal is a major source of protein
- [00:00:42.352]in the chicken's diet.
- [00:00:44.750]The soybeans must be cooked and in a meal form.
- [00:00:48.470]They can't be fed whole right out of the field,
- [00:00:50.562]because they'll make the bird sick if they're fed whole.
- [00:00:53.710]So it needs to be in a meal form, and ground and cooked.
- [00:00:58.690]Those are the two major sources of energy
- [00:01:01.730]and protein in the chicken ration.
- [00:01:04.382]The other source of energy that's fed to the chickens
- [00:01:08.620]would be vegetable oil.
- [00:01:10.171]Vegetable oil, tallow, restaurant grease,
- [00:01:14.900]those are pure sources of calories for the chickens,
- [00:01:18.141]and are fed in high quantities, in most chicken feeds.
- [00:01:24.040]Once you have the diet balanced for protein,
- [00:01:26.741]amino acids, and energy,
- [00:01:29.910]then we need to add a couple of other ingredients
- [00:01:32.250]for the minerals and vitamins and amino acids.
- [00:01:37.530]One other ingredient though, here in Nebraska
- [00:01:40.020]that you'll find quite often in chicken diets,
- [00:01:42.690]which is also a source of protein and energy,
- [00:01:45.700]can be distiller's grains.
- [00:01:48.380]It is slightly different than the distiller's grains
- [00:01:51.360]that you use in cattle diets,
- [00:01:53.300]such that it is a dry product, not high in moisture.
- [00:01:58.300]In fact, chicken feeds are not high-moisture feeds.
- [00:02:01.241]They're all dry, typically low-moisture,
- [00:02:04.290]around 10% moisture.
- [00:02:06.250]So, distiller's grains as well.
- [00:02:10.180]Going on now to the basic minerals and vitamins.
- [00:02:14.930]The mineral needed in the most abundance is salt,
- [00:02:18.240]just like for any ration, livestock ration,
- [00:02:21.740]you're gonna be including salt in the chicken diet.
- [00:02:25.556]You will also include a vitamin trace mineral mix.
- [00:02:30.970]And this is hard to find, so people mixing diets
- [00:02:36.350]on their own at home will have to order a complete,
- [00:02:39.341]vitamin trace mineral mix to add, as well.
- [00:02:44.640]The major difference in poultry diets from other livestock
- [00:02:48.660]will be the calcium needs.
- [00:02:50.730]For any hen that's producing eggs,
- [00:02:53.420]you're gonna need extra calcium,
- [00:02:55.750]and that's typically provided in what we'd call
- [00:02:58.020]a large, particle-sized calcium,
- [00:03:00.552]where you have large pieces of calcium added to the diet,
- [00:03:05.020]versus a small-particle calcium,
- [00:03:08.420]which is used in a growing chicken diet,
- [00:03:11.240]or, let's say, a swine diet.
- [00:03:13.302]These are limestone.
- [00:03:16.100]That's what we feed to the birds
- [00:03:18.140]for their calcium requirements.
- [00:03:20.300]And again, the major difference in a--
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