PSEP General Standards Recertification

Nebraska Extension Author

11/25/2019 Added

52 Plays

Description

This video is part of training for General Standards recertification to become licensed to apply certain pesticides in Nebraska.

Searchable Transcript

Search:

[00:00:00.461](upbeat music)
[00:00:12.060]Hello, my name is Frank Bright,
[00:00:13.320]and welcome to the General Standards Recertification,
[00:00:16.400]Category 00 Training.
[00:00:19.310]This will serve as a review for many important topics
[00:00:22.600]when applying different pesticides.
[00:00:25.050]As an applicator, it is your job to be knowledgeable
[00:00:28.190]about the products that you're using
[00:00:30.150]and the sites that you are using them on.
[00:00:32.280]Today, we'll hear from a variety of specialists,
[00:00:34.640]covering a wide range of topics
[00:00:36.980]that you should be aware of when making these applications.
[00:00:40.600]Today's program, in the morning session
[00:00:42.900]will be the general standards recertification.
[00:00:45.540]Later, in the afternoon,
[00:00:46.790]it will be for the category recertification sessions.
[00:00:50.240]Each one of those sections will be specific
[00:00:52.820]to the category that you're recertifying for.
[00:00:55.789]Today, you will hear mention of Neb Guides and ECs,
[00:00:59.370]or Extension Circulars.
[00:01:01.200]These are an in-depth look at the topic
[00:01:03.080]that is being discussed by the specialist.
[00:01:05.800]You can review these, if you would like a more in-depth
[00:01:10.450]and complete knowledge of the topic.
[00:01:13.060]And you can find those for free
[00:01:14.650]at extensionpubs.unl.edu.
[00:01:17.860]As I said, today we'll cover many different topics
[00:01:20.450]and hopefully you will gain a little bit of review
[00:01:23.380]of the important information that you already know,
[00:01:25.680]and remember, the label is the law.
[00:01:27.906](upbeat music)
[00:01:32.840]Hi, my name's Jody Green.
[00:01:34.260]I'm an extension educator
[00:01:35.730]with Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County.
[00:01:38.260]Today, I'm gonna talk to you about IPM.
[00:01:42.050]So, first off, what is IPM?
[00:01:44.230]Well, IPM is Integrated Pest Management.
[00:01:47.460]And let's describe what that is.
[00:01:49.480]So let's just say we see a pest like a cockroach.
[00:01:52.250]Sometimes people will grab the chemicals.
[00:01:54.776]This may be part of an Integrated Pest Management program,
[00:01:58.650]but it isn't really IPM.
[00:02:01.320]IPM uses a wide range of pest control methods or tactics
[00:02:05.610]to control or manage pest populations,
[00:02:08.370]which could be any type of organism,
[00:02:09.940]including plants, wildlife, and insects.
[00:02:15.570]This is a few of measures or methods
[00:02:18.650]that can be used to control these cockroaches.
[00:02:22.100]IPM prevents pests from reaching the damaging levels,
[00:02:25.290]so even though you may have some pests,
[00:02:27.361]they may not be reaching
[00:02:28.890]aesthetically damaging levels, economic levels.
[00:02:32.500]Some pests are just nuisances.
[00:02:34.350]And you have to determine
[00:02:35.270]what level you want to keep them below.
[00:02:38.720]Other things that IPM does
[00:02:41.880]is it protects the environment and non-targets.
[00:02:44.270]So non-target is anything that is not the pest.
[00:02:47.250]So people, children, pets, and wildlife.
[00:02:51.710]So we want to be cognizant of that.
[00:02:54.310]When it comes to IPM, we want
[00:02:56.330]to know why we need to practice that.
[00:02:58.070]Well, sometimes, pesticides are not gonna be effective.
[00:03:00.710]And we can talk a little bit
[00:03:01.640]about insecticide resistance later on,
[00:03:03.910]but other places, it may not be available.
[00:03:06.820]It may be too expensive to treat.
[00:03:08.400]It just may not be an option.
[00:03:09.770]So it's always good to have other options available,
[00:03:12.480]and IPM is a great solution.
[00:03:14.990]IPM promotes a healthy environment.
[00:03:16.990]It helps maintain a balanced ecosystem
[00:03:18.850]where you have organisms that are both beneficial
[00:03:22.625]and will take care of them naturally.
[00:03:25.710]It can save money in the long run.
[00:03:28.330]So really, practicing IPM is a positive public image
[00:03:32.200]for your company or for your practices.
[00:03:35.650]There are basically five components
[00:03:38.310]or steps to an IPM program.
[00:03:40.700]The first one is gonna be to identify the pest.
[00:03:43.530]So you want to know the biology and the behavior,
[00:03:46.230]and find out if it is a key pest,
[00:03:49.270]a secondary pest, like an indication
[00:03:51.120]that there is some other type of problem,
[00:03:53.180]or it maybe just be an occasional issue
[00:03:56.160]and not something to be worried about,
[00:03:58.090]and no control may not be needed.
[00:04:01.590]Monitoring or tracking the population,
[00:04:03.690]you can use monitors like sticky boards
[00:04:05.960]and find out how the population changes over time.
[00:04:10.210]Calculate the losses and damage of that pest,
[00:04:13.150]and determine thresholds.
[00:04:14.930]So this is from the manual, page 11,
[00:04:17.750]and it just talks about how to determine those thresholds.
[00:04:20.630]So you wanna develop a goal.
[00:04:22.140]And so it can't really be eliminating everything,
[00:04:24.850]100% of every pest or every weed.
[00:04:27.760]It really needs to be managed
[00:04:29.590]at an economically acceptable level.
[00:04:32.110]And so you should know that point where it's time to treat.
[00:04:36.170]Then you want to implement your IPM program,
[00:04:38.470]and we'll talk about different components
[00:04:40.194]and different types of control.
[00:04:43.040]But you wanna choose things that are most effective
[00:04:46.010]to eliminating the problem.
[00:04:48.120]Again, you wanna protect the environment,
[00:04:50.080]you want to be within regulation
[00:04:51.830]so you don't get in trouble,
[00:04:53.220]and you wanna protect those non-targets.
[00:04:55.330]And then lastly, you want to keep those records
[00:04:58.840]so you can evaluate the program,
[00:05:00.100]because you will get into these situations again,
[00:05:03.260]and that way you'll be able
[00:05:04.700]to be more efficient in the future.
[00:05:06.980]And so keep those records.
[00:05:09.320]Now we're gonna talk about the six types of control used
[00:05:12.750]in IPM practices, and we will go into
[00:05:15.150]each one of those very briefly.
[00:05:17.730]But biological, cultural, mechanical-physical,
[00:05:20.630]genetic, chemical, and regulatory.
[00:05:24.050]That is all part of IPM.
[00:05:26.200]So first we'll talk about biological control.
[00:05:28.930]This involves using natural enemies
[00:05:31.241]or encouraging natural enemies like predators,
[00:05:33.740]parasites, pathogens, things
[00:05:35.660]that are competing with your pests.
[00:05:37.680]In these pictures, I've got some insect pests,
[00:05:40.000]and you can see that they've either been parasitized
[00:05:42.160]or being preyed on by other insects.
[00:05:46.072]And this can be a number of things.
[00:05:48.440]We do use a lot of parasitic wasps today.
[00:05:51.520]These can be imported and they could be released
[00:05:55.320]in mass numbers to try to control pests.
[00:05:58.260]The other type we have is cultural control.
[00:06:01.060]And this involves sanitation,
[00:06:02.990]it can also involve cultural practices
[00:06:06.280]when it comes to other areas like crop and turf.
[00:06:10.770]But you're gonna want to reduce the establishment
[00:06:12.442]of pests and their reproduction and survival abilities.
[00:06:15.530]So, the way you store food, decreasing clutter,
[00:06:18.811]just really cleaning up and putting your fermenting fruits
[00:06:23.130]in the refrigerator.
[00:06:24.380]This will also include reducing the water
[00:06:27.280]and the shelter or harborage areas
[00:06:29.720]and also breeding sites.
[00:06:30.970]So you can see the trash and the standing water.
[00:06:33.580]Those are going to be attractive to pests.
[00:06:36.510]This also includes reducing vegetation around the home
[00:06:39.300]where pests, they find shelter and they can get indoors.
[00:06:43.410]In terms of controlling, using cultural control for turf,
[00:06:48.070]it could be, you know, changes in the practices
[00:06:50.140]for mowing or irrigation, aeration and fertilization.
[00:06:53.130]And when it comes to agricultural production,
[00:06:55.800]you know, crop selection,
[00:06:57.550]the timing of planting and harvesting,
[00:06:59.250]and crop rotation are cultural means of control.
[00:07:03.910]Next, we'll go on to mechanical and physical controls.
[00:07:07.100]And so, when you think of a physical trap
[00:07:10.430]or something that's going to be there.
[00:07:12.420]A device used to trap, capture, or kill a pest.
[00:07:15.150]And you can see a variety of there.
[00:07:17.060]These include interceptors, sticky traps,
[00:07:19.080]snap traps, live traps, all different types of things
[00:07:22.570]that are going to be physically there to get that pest
[00:07:27.480]before it becomes a problem.
[00:07:29.210]This will also include pest-proofing
[00:07:31.540]or exclusion techniques and we can always see gaps
[00:07:35.150]within a building where pests are gonna enter.
[00:07:37.660]And so, you know, pipe chases or under doors.
[00:07:40.310]And so you want to use devices like netting
[00:07:42.490]or door sweeps, air curtains,
[00:07:45.210]all those type of things.
[00:07:46.220]Those are physical controls.
[00:07:48.730]And then, another type
[00:07:50.050]of physical control is modifying the environment.
[00:07:52.990]So it makes it less favorable.
[00:07:55.250]Changing the humidity, the temperature,
[00:07:57.050]the moisture, and even reducing the lighting can stop pests.
[00:08:01.680]Genetic control is another type of, in the IPM toolbox.
[00:08:07.600]It involves using molecular techniques
[00:08:09.295]and genetically modified organisms.
[00:08:12.060]And so what happens here is that plants
[00:08:13.700]and animals can bred or selected
[00:08:15.390]to resist the pest problems.
[00:08:17.230]And that may be economical for some situations.
[00:08:20.910]When it comes to chemical control,
[00:08:22.680]which all of us know about,
[00:08:25.270]it can be all types of different pesticides.
[00:08:27.570]So insecticides, miticides, fungicides, herbicides,
[00:08:31.480]and it will kill, attract, repel,
[00:08:34.300]regulate, and interrupt the growth of a pest.
[00:08:36.590]Those are all considered pesticides.
[00:08:38.661]And these can be naturally derived,
[00:08:41.639]they can be synthetic compounds,
[00:08:43.583]they usually act on a specific target site
[00:08:47.190]or a certain pest,
[00:08:48.480]and they can have different modes of action.
[00:08:50.550]So their toxicity and the way
[00:08:52.402]they actually control the pest will be different.
[00:08:56.340]And this is a good slide for showing
[00:08:59.870]that sometimes chemical control involves biological control.
[00:09:03.980]So these are where they both come together
[00:09:06.270]because it's a pesticide,
[00:09:07.580]so it is registered with the EPA,
[00:09:10.530]but it's a control agent that is a natural control agent,
[00:09:14.510]like a fungus or a bacteria.
[00:09:16.640]So we've got a bed bug
[00:09:19.500]that has been killed by a fungus
[00:09:21.460]and then these are mosquito dunks here on the right,
[00:09:23.800]and these are put into standing water
[00:09:25.880]to control the larvae of mosquitoes.
[00:09:28.750]So that's a biological control,
[00:09:30.640]but in terms of, in a chemical type of method.
[00:09:34.900]But that is all part of IPM.
[00:09:36.870]The last one that we don't talk
[00:09:37.980]about regularly is regulatory.
[00:09:40.670]So the government agencies are responsible
[00:09:43.890]for some situations where some pests
[00:09:46.340]may cause such serious damage,
[00:09:47.658]that they will put in quarantines and eradication in place.
[00:09:52.710]And that really doesn't have anything to do with us,
[00:09:54.770]but I'm putting the emerald ash borer up there
[00:09:56.410]because that is something
[00:09:57.587]that we do need to deal with in Nebraska these days.
[00:10:01.870]So, I'm gonna talk a little bit about pesticide resistance,
[00:10:04.670]because this relates to IPM
[00:10:06.380]and why we should practice it.
[00:10:10.330]So pesticide resistance is the ability
[00:10:12.290]of a pest to tolerate a pesticides that once controlled it.
[00:10:15.810]So for an example here I have a regular head lice.
[00:10:19.450]Head louse, sorry.
[00:10:20.558]And after continual use of pesticides
[00:10:23.130]or frequent applications and usually it's the same mode
[00:10:27.270]of action, these head lice can turn
[00:10:30.780]into what people will call super head lice or super lice.
[00:10:35.714]Really it's the same lice,
[00:10:38.160]it's just that they are shown
[00:10:41.000]to have insecticide resistance.
[00:10:42.650]And what happens is, they are not going
[00:10:45.480]to be controlled the way they once were.
[00:10:47.632]So we do have some resistant pest species in Nebraska.
[00:10:51.140]This includes insects and it also includes a variety
[00:10:54.350]of weeds and the weeds have developed resistance
[00:10:56.760]to a number of herbicides over the years.
[00:10:58.980]But we've got different types of resistance as well.
[00:11:02.675]The German cockroach became averse
[00:11:04.936]to the inert ingredients in some cockroach baits,
[00:11:08.450]and so they, it wasn't affecting them,
[00:11:11.670]so they had to change the formula a little bit.
[00:11:13.750]But we've got western corn rootworm,
[00:11:15.870]the head louses as I mentioned,
[00:11:18.060]and we've also had pyrethroid-resistant bed begs these days.
[00:11:22.590]I'm gonna talk about how resistance occurs.
[00:11:25.410]So this is a population that's exposed to a pesticide.
[00:11:29.980]And a small portion survives
[00:11:31.870]and passes along the genes for the resistance.
[00:11:34.760]So, let's just say, we'll go back to the super lice example.
[00:11:39.760]So the population is treated frequently
[00:11:41.610]with the same class of insecticide,
[00:11:43.900]and over time, some of the lice will die
[00:11:47.810]and some will not.
[00:11:49.190]But over a period of time
[00:11:51.480]where there is frequent application,
[00:11:53.436]what is left may be resistant because of genetics.
[00:11:58.470]And these survivors will inherit these resistant traits
[00:12:03.060]and pass them on to their offspring,
[00:12:05.280]and so when the same pesticide is used,
[00:12:07.680]many of them will not be affected
[00:12:09.300]and over time, the population becomes resistant
[00:12:12.210]and it becomes harder to control.
[00:12:15.200]So, that is definitely something we want to avoid,
[00:12:19.407]and reduce and manage.
[00:12:21.420]So the ways to do that
[00:12:22.499]is to practice Integrated Pest Management.
[00:12:25.430]So I really encourage you to follow the steps of IPM
[00:12:28.230]and to explore different methods to be able to conquer
[00:12:32.530]and treat and manage your pests below the thresholds.
[00:12:36.140]Thank you.
[00:12:36.973](upbeat music)
[00:12:41.909]Hi, my name is Trevor Johnson
[00:12:43.330]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[00:12:45.120]and today I'm gonna give you a brief overview
[00:12:46.920]of some of the laws and regulations as they pertain
[00:12:49.290]to pesticide application in Nebraska.
[00:12:54.300]There are two main laws
[00:12:55.380]that govern pesticide applications in Nebraska.
[00:12:57.870]The first is gonna be FIFRA,
[00:13:00.310]which is the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
[00:13:02.790]and Rodenticide Act.
[00:13:04.560]This is a law enacted by the EPA
[00:13:07.560]that covers pesticide registration,
[00:13:09.890]classification, labeling,
[00:13:12.030]as well as use and application of pesticides.
[00:13:15.290]The second law that governs pesticide applications
[00:13:17.500]in Nebraska is going to be the Nebraska Pesticide Act.
[00:13:20.238]This was enacted in 1993.
[00:13:22.600]It relates to certification of pesticide applicators
[00:13:26.730]in Nebraska, as well
[00:13:27.750]as specific record-keeping requirements.
[00:13:30.690]And in many cases this law is going
[00:13:32.550]to be more stringent than FIFRA.
[00:13:36.970]So who needs a license in Nebraska to apply pesticides?
[00:13:40.980]Anyone who's using a restricted-use pesticide needs
[00:13:44.240]to be licensed, or anybody using a general use pesticide
[00:13:48.120]or restricted-use pesticide commercially in lawns,
[00:13:51.000]landscapes, or structures.
[00:13:53.310]And then anyone using a pesticide to control vectors
[00:13:56.660]of disease on behalf of a community
[00:13:58.783]or a political subdivision of the state.
[00:14:01.850]This would be typically
[00:14:02.730]your city employees controlling mosquitoes.
[00:14:06.320]All right, and there are three types
[00:14:07.350]of licenses in Nebraska.
[00:14:09.250]The first is going to be a commercial license.
[00:14:11.470]This is for people who apply pesticides
[00:14:13.168]for to other people's property for hire.
[00:14:16.660]There's a $90 fee associated with this license.
[00:14:19.490]The second one is going to be a noncommercial license.
[00:14:21.642]This is going to be specific to your employer.
[00:14:25.320]This would be for people who work for cities,
[00:14:28.450]parks, other government institutions.
[00:14:31.310]They are required to maintain their employment information
[00:14:33.870]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture.
[00:14:36.660]And this is a fee-exempt license.
[00:14:38.370]And then the third type of license
[00:14:39.660]is a private applicator license.
[00:14:41.770]This would be for individuals
[00:14:42.830]applying restricted-use pesticides
[00:14:44.446]to their property in the production
[00:14:47.530]of an agricultural commodity.
[00:14:51.360]This is likely the most important slide
[00:14:52.754]that you're gonna see today.
[00:14:54.670]The label is the law.
[00:14:56.580]So there's a statement on every pesticide label
[00:14:58.574]that says it is against Federal law
[00:15:00.420]to use this product in a manner inconsistent
[00:15:03.010]with its labeling.
[00:15:04.160]And it's your responsibility as the applicator
[00:15:06.018]to follow all instructions on those labels.
[00:15:11.450]So there's gonna be two types of language
[00:15:13.117]that you'll see on pesticide labels.
[00:15:15.820]The first is going to be mandatory language.
[00:15:18.499]This would be language such as do, do not, or must.
[00:15:23.210]So anytime you see a statement with one of those words
[00:15:25.480]in it, this is where it's going to be legally enforceable.
[00:15:28.990]So you're required to follow those directions
[00:15:31.370]on the label by law.
[00:15:32.910]An example of this would be
[00:15:34.210]in your personal protective equipment statements,
[00:15:36.368]such as applicators and other handlers
[00:15:38.490]must wear long-sleeved shirt, long pants,
[00:15:40.965]shoes plus socks, and protective eyewear.
[00:15:43.540]So you must wear all of that PPE by law.
[00:15:48.450]The second type of language on the label
[00:15:49.980]that you'll see is going to be suggestive language.
[00:15:52.870]This is not necessarily legally enforceable,
[00:15:55.030]however, it's really important that you pay attention
[00:15:57.560]to these phrases as they are designed to protect you
[00:16:00.310]and the environment.
[00:16:02.200]These are gonna be things that say should or may.
[00:16:06.220]In this case, users should wash their hands before eating,
[00:16:08.750]drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet.
[00:16:12.200]I think we can all agree,
[00:16:13.276]that's great advice to follow.
[00:16:15.530]So it's really important that you pay attention
[00:16:16.927]to all the language found on the label.
[00:16:22.460]There's also gonna be language on those labels
[00:16:24.340]that relate to the specific sites
[00:16:26.240]or formulations where you can apply those products.
[00:16:29.770]Let's say in this scenario, you want to control
[00:16:31.820]some vegetation along the shoreline of a creek or pond.
[00:16:36.540]You wanna use a product that contains glyphosate.
[00:16:38.700]Here we have two products.
[00:16:39.830]We have ShoreKlear Plus as well as RoundUp Pro.
[00:16:42.990]Both of these products
[00:16:44.060]have the active ingredient glyphosate.
[00:16:46.311]However, only one of these products is approved
[00:16:49.450]for use on an aquatic site.
[00:16:51.170]So make sure every time you read that label
[00:16:52.970]that the site that you're applying
[00:16:54.320]to is found on that label.
[00:16:59.470]I'd briefly like to discuss disposal of unused pesticides.
[00:17:03.684]It's really important that you dispose
[00:17:05.640]of any unused pesticides on a label-approved site.
[00:17:09.096]Rinsate, or that water that's collected
[00:17:11.715]after you wash your tanks is considered
[00:17:14.160]a waste pesticide and should be disposed of accordingly.
[00:17:18.080]You should triple rinse all containers,
[00:17:19.832]puncture them to make sure they aren't used
[00:17:22.370]for any other use, and then if possible,
[00:17:24.870]we always recommend recycling those containers.
[00:17:27.320]University of Nebraska Pesticide Safety Education Program
[00:17:30.160]does run a recycling program,
[00:17:32.030]so you can contact them for more information.
[00:17:35.250]If you have any questions about the disposal
[00:17:36.870]or use of any pesticides feel free
[00:17:38.653]to contact the Nebraska Department of Agriculture.
[00:17:41.470]And we should be able to point you in the right direction.
[00:17:46.300]Another important law in Nebraska is recordkeeping.
[00:17:50.061]So all applications of restricted-use pesticides
[00:17:53.410]have specific records that must be kept.
[00:17:55.817]However, it's a good idea to keep records
[00:17:58.680]of all pesticides you apply.
[00:18:00.731]This is mostly to help you out in the event
[00:18:04.640]that a complaint would be filed against you,
[00:18:06.530]or if the Nebraska Department of Agriculture would like
[00:18:08.570]to see those records, it'll be beneficial to you
[00:18:10.790]to have accurate records.
[00:18:14.550]There are specific things that must be recorded.
[00:18:17.680]These are gonna be the specific requirements
[00:18:19.630]for all restricted-use pesticides,
[00:18:21.502]as well as pesticides applied commercially in structures,
[00:18:25.480]regardless of whether they're general use or restricted use.
[00:18:28.940]It'll include things such as product name,
[00:18:30.660]EPA registration number, the total amount you applied,
[00:18:34.400]and then another important one is the method of disposal.
[00:18:37.480]So as we discussed in the previous slide,
[00:18:39.180]you wanna document how you disposed
[00:18:41.380]of those unused pesticides, whether that's applying
[00:18:44.200]on a label-approved site,
[00:18:45.430]or taking to the appropriate recycling center.
[00:18:51.240]These records must be maintained for three years.
[00:18:54.140]They must be recorded within 48 hours
[00:18:56.360]of the pesticide application,
[00:18:57.829]and they must be maintained
[00:18:59.290]at the principal place of business.
[00:19:01.335]We do not have any specific regulations
[00:19:03.790]on how you keep these records.
[00:19:06.100]Many companies prefer to keep them digitally.
[00:19:08.458]As long as they are maintained at the principal place
[00:19:10.790]of business and can be provided
[00:19:12.340]to the Nebraska Department of Agriculture upon request.
[00:19:15.530]Here at the bottom I gave a URL.
[00:19:17.296]This links to our pesticide recordkeeping brochure
[00:19:21.480]and it'll contain all the information you need to know
[00:19:23.310]about records in Nebraska.
[00:19:25.410]And now I'd like to talk to you about another federal law
[00:19:27.780]which is the Worker Protection Standard.
[00:19:30.530]This is a law that was enacted in 1993
[00:19:33.230]by the Environmental Protection Agency.
[00:19:35.399]It was intended to reduce the risks of injury and illness
[00:19:38.659]to agricultural workers associated
[00:19:41.160]with exposures to pesticide.
[00:19:43.550]It was revised in 2015, and I'm gonna go over some
[00:19:47.290]of the key points of this law
[00:19:48.580]in the following slides.
[00:19:51.780]So when does the Worker Protection Standard, or WPS, apply?
[00:19:55.530]Any time you see this box on a pesticide label,
[00:19:58.970]this would be an agricultural use pesticide.
[00:20:01.630]So anytime a pesticide with this box is used
[00:20:04.090]on an agricultural establishment in the production
[00:20:06.640]of an agricultural plant,
[00:20:08.225]the Worker Protection Standard applies in its entirety.
[00:20:13.180]So what is an agricultural establishment?
[00:20:16.000]This would include areas such as row crops,
[00:20:18.630]sod farms, nurseries, or Christmas tree farms.
[00:20:22.250]If you have any questions
[00:20:23.300]about whether your specific application types
[00:20:25.370]or locations require the Worker Protection Standard,
[00:20:28.730]feel free to give us a call.
[00:20:32.580]So who is responsible for complying
[00:20:34.810]with the Worker Protection Standard?
[00:20:36.740]Ultimately, it's the employer's responsibility
[00:20:39.060]to ensure that they're in compliance with WPS,
[00:20:42.739]and there's gonna be two types of employers
[00:20:45.770]that are defined in the rule.
[00:20:47.420]The first is going to an agricultural employer.
[00:20:50.490]This would be somebody that maintains
[00:20:52.069]or owns the establishment.
[00:20:53.750]This could be the farm owner, nursery owner,
[00:20:56.141]or nursery manager.
[00:20:58.510]They're responsible for things like exchanging information
[00:21:01.040]with their employees regarding where pesticides were applied
[00:21:04.460]and the hazard information associated with those.
[00:21:07.400]They're required for worker
[00:21:09.180]and handler protections and training.
[00:21:11.480]I'll get into what workers and handlers are in just a bit.
[00:21:14.480]They're also required to provide emergency assistance
[00:21:17.190]in case workers and handlers are exposed to pesticides.
[00:21:21.260]Finally, some recordkeeping as well as the REI
[00:21:24.430]or restricted-entry interval notification and compliance.
[00:21:29.880]The second type of employer is gonna be
[00:21:31.550]a commercial pesticide handler employer.
[00:21:34.313]This would be a institution like a co-op
[00:21:37.410]that hires applicators to apply to other people's farms,
[00:21:41.430]or an individual who's self-employed
[00:21:42.985]as an agricultural applicator.
[00:21:46.060]They're responsible for handler protections and training,
[00:21:49.560]pesticide application information exchange
[00:21:51.630]with the ag establishment
[00:21:52.970]that they're applying those pesticides to.
[00:21:56.400]Emergency assistance for handlers,
[00:21:58.040]as well as posting or oral notification
[00:22:01.680]of applications as they pertain
[00:22:03.980]to the restricted-entry interval.
[00:22:07.930]So employees.
[00:22:10.000]These would be those workers and handlers
[00:22:11.650]that I described earlier.
[00:22:13.920]They're provided certain protections
[00:22:15.580]under the Worker Protection Standard,
[00:22:18.115]including the EPA-approved safety training prior
[00:22:21.370]to beginning work, decontamination supplies,
[00:22:24.380]personal protective equipment,
[00:22:26.380]notification regarding which areas were treated.
[00:22:31.390]They're required to be 18 years old if they're a handler
[00:22:34.330]or early entry worker, and then also,
[00:22:37.200]they're required to be excluded from certain areas
[00:22:39.520]while the restricted-entry interval is in effect.
[00:22:44.670]All right, so workers are any person who is employed
[00:22:47.490]and performs activities directly related
[00:22:49.540]to the production of an agricultural plant
[00:22:51.382]on the agricultural establishment.
[00:22:53.850]These are gonna include people such as detasselers,
[00:22:56.110]pruners, people who re-pot nursery stock.
[00:22:59.890]Here in Nebraska, the majority of our workers are going
[00:23:02.290]to be either nursery employees or detasselers
[00:23:04.710]on agricultural establishments.
[00:23:08.770]Handlers would include people such as yourself
[00:23:11.590]who have a pesticide applicator license
[00:23:14.590]and are involved in the application of pesticides,
[00:23:16.614]mixing and loading, disposing of pesticides,
[00:23:19.850]working on equipment that's been used to apply pesticides,
[00:23:24.640]or doing crop advisory tasks for the establishment.
[00:23:31.400]So I already described the employers
[00:23:33.440]have the primary responsibility
[00:23:34.960]when it comes the Worker Protection Standard,
[00:23:36.822]but there are certain responsibilities
[00:23:38.810]that you as a handler need to be aware of.
[00:23:41.610]Every product that has the WPS box on the label is going
[00:23:45.030]to have the statement, do not apply this product in a way
[00:23:48.110]that will contact workers or other persons,
[00:23:50.310]either directly or through drift.
[00:23:52.708]It's fairly simple, just make sure
[00:23:55.020]that nobody is going to be impacted by the application
[00:23:57.730]that you're making.
[00:23:59.230]And they've actually spelled out specific requirements
[00:24:02.680]of how far back people need to be from your application,
[00:24:06.360]depending upon the application type,
[00:24:08.440]and that's going to be the Application Exclusion Zone.
[00:24:11.580]I'm not gonna get into the details of exactly what it is.
[00:24:14.560]It's important that you research this on your own,
[00:24:17.210]but essentially it's a 25 to 100 foot halo
[00:24:20.446]around your application equipment.
[00:24:22.500]But you need to make sure that nobody enters
[00:24:23.806]during the time of application
[00:24:26.440]or make sure that they don't enter the treated site
[00:24:29.280]while you're applying pesticides.
[00:24:31.272]As a handler, you're also required
[00:24:33.150]to wear the PPE that's required on the label.
[00:24:35.784]And then obviously comply
[00:24:37.380]with all directions on those pesticide labels.
[00:24:41.850]So you might be asking yourself,
[00:24:42.960]how you comply with this fairly complex regulation?
[00:24:47.052]I highly recommend that you visit
[00:24:49.170]the Pesticide Educational Resources Collaborative website,
[00:24:53.540]PERC for short.
[00:24:54.930]Their website is pesticideresources.org.
[00:24:59.220]This is a great website that has everything
[00:25:01.080]from a how to comply manual that gives you
[00:25:03.320]a comprehensive list of everything you need to know.
[00:25:06.290]They have online approved training videos.
[00:25:09.730]They also have quick reference guides
[00:25:12.270]as well as other sort of Q and A documents
[00:25:15.140]that can help guide you through this process
[00:25:17.300]of understanding exactly
[00:25:18.310]what the Worker Protection Standard is.
[00:25:20.900]Also, if you have any questions, feel free
[00:25:22.530]to give us a call at the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[00:25:25.610]and we can point you in the right direction.
[00:25:29.090]Here's what it looks like when you go to the PERC website.
[00:25:31.940]Again, that's pesticideresources.org.
[00:25:35.100]You can find anything from FAQs.
[00:25:37.805]If you click on any of these list right here,
[00:25:43.120]it'll give you exactly what's required
[00:25:45.050]for those individuals on the agricultural establishment.
[00:25:48.280]A great place to start is the,
[00:25:50.510]does WPS apply to you?
[00:25:52.760]That'll ask you a series of questions
[00:25:55.090]that'll help determine your role
[00:25:56.750]in the Worker Protection Standard.
[00:25:58.310]So again, pesticideresources.org.
[00:26:02.950]Thank you for listening today.
[00:26:04.830]For further information about laws and regulations
[00:26:07.420]in Nebraska, you can visit our website or again
[00:26:10.660]that PERC website if you have questions
[00:26:12.450]about the Worker Protection Standard.
[00:26:14.153]And then always, we're available.
[00:26:15.925]Give us a call and we can answer
[00:26:17.580]any questions that you might have.
[00:26:19.210]Thank you.
[00:26:20.404](upbeat music)
[00:26:25.130]Hello, I'm Robert Harrison
[00:26:26.410]with the Pesticide Safety Education program.
[00:26:28.550]And in this segment, we're going to discuss
[00:26:30.770]the pesticide label.
[00:26:32.530]Pesticide labeling is the law.
[00:26:34.930]As an applicator, you have the legal responsibility
[00:26:37.916]to read and follow label directions.
[00:26:40.659]It is a violation of the law
[00:26:42.810]if you use a pesticide in a manner not allowed
[00:26:45.279]or prescribed by the label.
[00:26:48.370]The label is generally printed on
[00:26:50.260]or attached to the pesticide container or wrapper.
[00:26:53.420]However, pesticide labeling includes the label,
[00:26:56.400]plus all additional product information,
[00:26:58.640]such as brochures, handouts, and flyers provided
[00:27:01.840]by the manufacturer or dealer.
[00:27:04.260]It even includes information referenced on the label,
[00:27:07.120]such as internet resources.
[00:27:11.240]The purpose of labeling is to provide a detailed description
[00:27:14.390]of the product and clear directions for effective use
[00:27:17.520]while minimizing risks to human health and the environment.
[00:27:22.410]If you use a pesticide in a way not allowed by the labeling,
[00:27:26.310]you are in violation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
[00:27:29.630]and Rodenticide Act, or FIFRA.
[00:27:32.402]The courts consider the label to be a legal document.
[00:27:35.960]If you fail to follow directions,
[00:27:37.732]you are committing a violation
[00:27:39.570]that may result in fines or other legal actions against you.
[00:27:43.370]Following directions helps to keep you physically
[00:27:45.780]and legally safe as you work with pesticides.
[00:27:53.610]You must know the details of the label information
[00:27:55.910]for each pesticide you use.
[00:27:58.150]Think of the label as your prescription
[00:28:00.150]for using the pesticide.
[00:28:02.050]Some parts of the label provide you
[00:28:03.610]with the information necessary
[00:28:05.310]for safe and effective use of the product.
[00:28:08.160]For example, the label will list the application rate
[00:28:10.951]or an approved range.
[00:28:13.200]Problems can occur if you apply pesticides
[00:28:15.150]at rates lower than given on the label.
[00:28:17.790]These problems include pest resistance
[00:28:19.654]and reduced control of target pests
[00:28:21.880]because at a lower rate,
[00:28:23.240]the pesticide may be too weak to be effective.
[00:28:26.360]There could be increased costs as well,
[00:28:28.200]because failure to control a pest could result
[00:28:30.880]in having to buy and apply more product.
[00:28:33.660]Exceeding the maximum rate of application shown
[00:28:35.780]on the label is a violation of pesticide law.
[00:28:38.930]Applying at a higher rate could harm non-targets,
[00:28:41.950]which are plants and animals you did not wish to affect,
[00:28:45.110]and the environment.
[00:28:46.860]The label also tells you the sites
[00:28:48.770]where pesticide can legally be applied.
[00:28:51.710]This may be an animal, a crop,
[00:28:53.820]a residential area, or a greenhouse.
[00:28:56.490]Applying the pesticide to a site not listed
[00:28:58.770]on the label is illegal and with good reason.
[00:29:02.490]A pesticide labeled for outdoor use
[00:29:04.670]cannot be applied indoors due to the many differences
[00:29:07.440]in the two sites.
[00:29:08.770]Sunlight, dissipation, differences due to wind,
[00:29:11.960]or lack of it, or et cetera.
[00:29:14.880]Other parts of the label will tell you
[00:29:16.310]about necessary safety precautions,
[00:29:18.620]environmental issues and the applications methods to use.
[00:29:26.540]The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,
[00:29:29.610]or FIFRA, requires specific information
[00:29:32.040]to appear on these certain places on the label.
[00:29:34.810]Other information, however,
[00:29:36.090]can be located anywhere on the label.
[00:29:38.640]The following information is included
[00:29:40.490]on a pesticide label if applicable to the product.
[00:29:44.630]The brand name, the name of the product,
[00:29:47.730]the common chemical name,
[00:29:50.020]the technical chemical name,
[00:29:52.210]an ingredient statement,
[00:29:55.290]parts of the ingredient statement,
[00:29:57.310]an EPA registration and establishment numbers.
[00:30:04.540]A pesticide may be classified as either general use
[00:30:07.727]or restricted use.
[00:30:09.750]General use pesticides typically have a lower toxicity
[00:30:12.760]and can be used by the general public.
[00:30:15.100]Restricted use pesticides, or RUPs,
[00:30:17.870]pose a higher risk to humans or the environment
[00:30:20.379]than other pesticides.
[00:30:23.880]The keep out of reach of children statement appears
[00:30:26.300]on all end-use pesticide products
[00:30:28.750]except those pesticides that are intended
[00:30:30.870]for use on children, or where it is demonstrated
[00:30:34.010]that children will not come in contact with the products.
[00:30:37.290]In these cases, a modified statement is allowed.
[00:30:40.960]In addition, every RUP must have
[00:30:43.640]a use classification statement that includes some form
[00:30:47.000]of the restricted use pesticide designation
[00:30:49.820]and a reason for the restricted use classification.
[00:30:54.280]Because RUPs have the potential
[00:30:56.010]to cause unreasonable adverse effects to the environment
[00:30:59.070]and injury to the applicators or bystanders
[00:31:01.420]without added restrictions, you must be trained
[00:31:04.080]and certified or under the supervision
[00:31:06.640]of a certified applicator to purchase
[00:31:08.860]and apply restricted use pesticides.
[00:31:17.160]The front panel of a pesticide may also contain
[00:31:19.890]a signal word that indicates the toxicity
[00:31:22.510]and-or hazards associated
[00:31:23.990]with the use of a pesticide product.
[00:31:26.620]The signal word is based on the acute oral,
[00:31:29.060]dermal, or inhalation toxicity
[00:31:31.424]or eye or skin irritation associated
[00:31:34.270]with a particular pesticide.
[00:31:36.820]The signal words from highest to lowest are danger,
[00:31:41.820]warning, and caution.
[00:31:44.860]Some pesticides with a very low level
[00:31:47.030]of risk do not have a signal word on the label.
[00:31:50.038]Only pesticides that are the most hazardous
[00:31:52.580]will have the words danger, poison,
[00:31:55.060]and-or the skull and crossbones image.
[00:32:02.750]Precautionary statements provide information about toxicity,
[00:32:05.840]irritation, and sensitization hazards associated
[00:32:08.830]with the use of a pesticide.
[00:32:10.870]They include treatment instructions
[00:32:12.600]and information to reduce exposure potential.
[00:32:16.170]Four kinds of precautionary statements can appear
[00:32:18.450]on the back panel of a typical pesticide label.
[00:32:21.445]They are, hazards to humans and domestic animals,
[00:32:25.830]first aid, environmental hazards,
[00:32:28.585]and physical or chemical hazards.
[00:32:31.630]The directions for use section gives instructions
[00:32:33.720]on how to use the product
[00:32:35.330]and identifies the pests to be controlled,
[00:32:37.610]application rates, any required application equipment,
[00:32:41.110]and the application sites.
[00:32:43.020]The label may have information about risk
[00:32:44.920]from potential spray drift and how to reduce that risk.
[00:32:48.420]This could include the size of nozzle droplets required
[00:32:50.980]or recommended, wind velocity suitable
[00:32:53.229]for application, et cetera.
[00:32:56.220]The label may also contain statements related
[00:32:58.450]to applying the pesticide to crops
[00:33:00.040]through an irrigation system.
[00:33:02.870]The product label may have voluntary,
[00:33:04.670]pesticide-resistant management guidelines based on target,
[00:33:08.120]site, or mode of action for agricultural uses.
[00:33:11.820]The possibility of a pest population developing resistance
[00:33:15.000]is a concern when using pesticides.
[00:33:17.570]Worldwide action committees classify pesticides
[00:33:20.260]based on their modes of action
[00:33:21.660]to safeguard new chemistries as they become available.
[00:33:25.520]With newer compounds that have very specific modes
[00:33:28.020]of action, resistance management will help
[00:33:30.760]keep these products effective.
[00:33:33.110]Manufacturers can voluntarily include the pesticide group
[00:33:36.210]that indicates the mode of action on the label.
[00:33:40.180]Usually, a restricted-entry interval, or REI,
[00:33:44.210]if applicable, also will be on this section.
[00:33:47.570]The REI refers to the amount of time
[00:33:49.580]that must pass before it is safe for people
[00:33:51.960]without personal protective equipment and training,
[00:33:54.620]or for animals to enter the treated area.
[00:33:58.710]The pre-harvest interval, or PHI,
[00:34:01.030]is also found in the directions for use section
[00:34:03.300]for all pesticide products labeled for food or feed crops.
[00:34:07.210]The pre-harvest interval is the minimum number of days
[00:34:10.030]that must pass after the pesticide application
[00:34:12.950]and before harvest of the crop.
[00:34:15.230]This period of time allows the pesticide to break down
[00:34:17.770]to a level below the residual tolerance limit
[00:34:20.570]when the crop is harvested.
[00:34:22.560]EPA sets the pre-harvest interval.
[00:34:26.540]A pesticide product is covered
[00:34:27.920]by the Worker Protection Standard, or WPS,
[00:34:30.820]if the label has an agricultural use requirement section
[00:34:34.590]and the pesticide is used on agricultural plant.
[00:34:37.730]For example, plants in right-of-way
[00:34:39.620]are not considered agricultural plants.
[00:34:42.170]The agricultural use requirements sections
[00:34:44.420]includes additional statements such as PPE requirements,
[00:34:48.510]REI, handling contaminated PPE, engineering controls,
[00:34:53.860]and user safety.
[00:34:55.909]WPS applies to general use pesticides
[00:34:58.530]and restricted use pesticides.
[00:35:01.860]The label directions may reference
[00:35:03.460]endangered species protection that informs the user
[00:35:06.170]of potential risk to endangered species.
[00:35:09.130]It may direct the user to EPA Bulletins Live Two,
[00:35:12.720]through a telephone number or a website.
[00:35:15.690]If referenced, this is a part of the label,
[00:35:17.950]and must be called or visited.
[00:35:20.580]It is illegal to use a product
[00:35:22.140]on a site not listed on the label.
[00:35:24.780]The label also includes misuse and related statements.
[00:35:28.140]It is a violation of federal law to use this product
[00:35:30.790]in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.
[00:35:33.970]Using a pesticide in a way that is inconsistent
[00:35:36.390]with the label is a violation of FIFRA.
[00:35:38.830]However, in 1978, the original prohibition
[00:35:41.673]of any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent
[00:35:46.390]with its labeling was modified to allow some deviations.
[00:35:50.800]There are just four exceptions that allow you
[00:35:53.440]as an applicator to vary applications
[00:35:56.030]from the label instructions.
[00:35:58.530]You may apply a pesticide at dosages or concentrations
[00:36:02.200]and frequencies that are less than the dosages,
[00:36:04.610]concentrations or frequencies specified on the label.
[00:36:08.340]Keep in mind that a pesticide application
[00:36:10.400]at less than the recommended rate may be ineffective
[00:36:13.130]or result in the development of resistant pest populations.
[00:36:18.010]You may use application methods not prohibited
[00:36:20.760]by the label instructions.
[00:36:22.240]However, more recent regulations require
[00:36:24.210]that certain types of applications be specified
[00:36:26.470]on the label.
[00:36:27.760]Like chemigation for example.
[00:36:30.140]You may apply a pesticide against a target pest
[00:36:33.090]not specified on the label
[00:36:34.570]if the crop, animal, or site is specified on the label,
[00:36:38.220]unless the label prohibits this use.
[00:36:41.300]You may use mixtures of pesticides
[00:36:43.190]or pesticides with fertilizers if these mixtures
[00:36:45.891]are not prohibited by the label instructions.
[00:36:52.600]Pesticide labeling includes the label,
[00:36:55.760]plus all product information, such as brochures,
[00:36:58.800]handouts and flyers provided by the manufacturer or dealer.
[00:37:02.430]It even includes information referenced on the labels,
[00:37:04.730]such as internet resources.
[00:37:06.790]For example, a pesticide label may direct you
[00:37:09.480]to protect endangered plant or animal species according
[00:37:12.460]to information in the online county bulletin
[00:37:15.060]called Bulletins Live Two.
[00:37:17.120]This online bulletin is considered a legal extension
[00:37:19.590]of the container label and must be followed.
[00:37:23.000]Other labels may require you to check a website
[00:37:25.200]for a list of approved products for tank mixing
[00:37:27.480]or for approved nozzles to help reduce drift.
[00:37:30.260]Referring you to a website allows the pesticide manufacturer
[00:37:33.360]to easily and quickly provide updated information
[00:37:35.890]as new products and equipment
[00:37:37.230]are continuously being developed.
[00:37:40.200]EPA's Bulletins Live website
[00:37:42.150]is a great resource of information.
[00:37:44.450]If your pesticide label directs you to this website,
[00:37:47.010]you are required to follow the pesticide use limitations
[00:37:49.940]found in the bulletin for your intended application area,
[00:37:53.900]pesticide active ingredient or product
[00:37:56.090]and application month.
[00:37:58.990]EPA's bulletins contain the following information.
[00:38:02.170]Map of the user-defined intended application area,
[00:38:05.490]user-selected active ingredient and-or pesticide product
[00:38:08.300]to be applied, pesticide use limitations,
[00:38:11.521]the month for which the bulletin is valid.
[00:38:14.940]Bulletins may be accessed for up to six months
[00:38:16.960]before pesticide application.
[00:38:18.890]Be sure that you follow the correct bulletin
[00:38:21.470]for the month of your pesticide application.
[00:38:24.130]When referenced on a pesticide label,
[00:38:26.030]bulletins are enforceable use limitations
[00:38:28.510]under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
[00:38:30.670]and Rodenticide Act or FIFRA.
[00:38:33.080]The pesticide use limitations found
[00:38:34.800]in Bulletins Live Two are part of EPA's federal program
[00:38:37.736]to protect listed species.
[00:38:40.260]Your state may have pesticide use limitations
[00:38:42.740]beyond those found in your bulletin.
[00:38:45.730]Bulletins are intended,
[00:38:48.320]bulletins are not intended to replace
[00:38:49.883]or override any restrictions that your state may impose.
[00:38:53.620]You need to be aware of
[00:38:54.680]and follow pesticide use limitations
[00:38:56.550]in your area according to both the state
[00:38:59.160]and federal requirements.
[00:39:01.116]Now, let's move on to pesticide formulations.
[00:39:04.330]To better understand pesticide formulations,
[00:39:06.580]it is helpful to consider what a pesticide is.
[00:39:09.450]In broad terms, a pesticide is a formulation of active
[00:39:12.462]and inactive ingredients combined for the purpose
[00:39:15.018]of inhibiting a pest development,
[00:39:17.057]killing the pest, or repelling it.
[00:39:19.866]A substance is regulated as a pesticide
[00:39:22.720]if it is sold for killing, retarding, repelling,
[00:39:25.310]or attracting a pest species.
[00:39:28.260]Under FIFRA, the current legal definition
[00:39:31.100]of a pesticide includes defoliants,
[00:39:34.130]plant growth regulators, and desiccants.
[00:39:37.770]Key terms to consider include active ingredient,
[00:39:40.520]inert ingredient, and adjuvant.
[00:39:43.100]An active ingredient is the actual chemical
[00:39:45.330]in the product mixture that controls the pest.
[00:39:48.940]An inert ingredient or an inactive ingredient
[00:39:51.888]and other materials are added to the active ingredient
[00:39:55.070]when the product is formulated.
[00:39:57.360]Inert does not mean non-toxic.
[00:40:00.370]Adjuvant is a material or inert ingredient
[00:40:03.210]added to the pesticide formulation or spray tank
[00:40:05.920]to improve the ability to mix or apply the product
[00:40:08.790]or enhance the effectiveness of the product.
[00:40:11.820]Remember, as an applicator,
[00:40:13.400]it is your responsibility to read
[00:40:14.970]and follow all label directions.
[00:40:17.190]It's the law.
[00:40:21.310]Pesticides can be classified in many ways.
[00:40:23.650]Grouping them by their target, chemistry,
[00:40:25.940]source, mode of action, and use.
[00:40:29.230]Knowing how a pesticide is classified
[00:40:31.140]will help you make decisions regarding application
[00:40:33.570]and resistance management.
[00:40:35.980]You can classify a pesticide
[00:40:37.760]by the types of pests it controls, the target.
[00:40:41.670]Some examples include herbicide,
[00:40:44.240]plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant,
[00:40:47.530]insecticide, and others.
[00:40:49.780]Chemistry is another common classification metric.
[00:40:52.540]Pesticides and other chemical compounds are often discussed
[00:40:55.510]as being inorganic or organic.
[00:40:59.140]Organic pesticides are those
[00:41:00.804]that contain carbon in their molecular structure.
[00:41:04.780]These are overwhelmingly the largest group
[00:41:06.700]of currently-used pesticides.
[00:41:09.160]Inorganic pesticides do not contain carbon,
[00:41:11.850]and have been used the longest.
[00:41:14.075]Pesticides can be classified by their source,
[00:41:17.010]or where they came from.
[00:41:19.040]A pesticide can be a natural substance or a synthetic,
[00:41:22.470]or human-made version, of the natural substance.
[00:41:26.040]Pesticides may be classified as systemic
[00:41:28.463]or contact pesticides.
[00:41:31.010]Systemic pesticides used on plants are absorbed
[00:41:33.770]through the leaves and-or roots of the plants
[00:41:35.830]and moved within the plant.
[00:41:38.060]Contact herbicides are applied directly to growing plants
[00:41:41.480]and do not move through the plant.
[00:41:44.880]Pesticides may be classified according
[00:41:46.780]to when they are applied to crops.
[00:41:49.530]Pre-plant soil herbicide applications are made
[00:41:52.540]before planting a crop, and may
[00:41:54.310]or may not require incorporation
[00:41:55.960]of irrigation into the soils.
[00:41:58.230]Pre-emergence herbicide applications are made
[00:42:00.380]after planting, but before weed or crop emergence
[00:42:03.130]or are made after planting when the crop is emerged,
[00:42:06.540]but weeds have not.
[00:42:08.240]And post-emergent applications are made after weeds
[00:42:11.050]and the crop have emerged.
[00:42:14.060]Pesticides can also be classified by how they harm the pest.
[00:42:17.680]This is called the mode of action.
[00:42:19.700]For example, an insecticide might affect the nervous system,
[00:42:23.370]water balance in cells, energy production,
[00:42:25.916]or molting in insects.
[00:42:28.240]Herbicides might interfere with photosynthesis,
[00:42:30.710]affect cell division, or affect cell walls within the plant.
[00:42:34.620]Fungicides might interfere with cell division
[00:42:37.890]or affect energy production.
[00:42:41.140]Specificity of target
[00:42:42.380]is another common classification metric.
[00:42:45.190]A pesticide may be considered non-selective
[00:42:47.520]when it is toxic to many organisms and selective
[00:42:51.000]when toxic to a narrow range of organisms.
[00:42:57.520]A pesticide formulation is the combination
[00:42:59.480]of the active ingredient and inert ingredients.
[00:43:02.650]No pesticide you can buy will contain
[00:43:04.640]100% active ingredients.
[00:43:06.730]Instead, the manufacturers formulate pesticides
[00:43:08.922]by adding inert ingredients
[00:43:10.800]to enhance the pesticide's performance
[00:43:13.200]by affecting its characteristics.
[00:43:15.310]These characteristics include ease of handling,
[00:43:17.815]persistence on foliage, safety,
[00:43:20.395]ease of application, and the ability to mix with water.
[00:43:25.110]The term inert might give a false impression
[00:43:27.870]that they are not toxic.
[00:43:29.350]Actually, inert ingredients can range
[00:43:31.440]from being low in toxicity to high in toxicity.
[00:43:34.442]Their effects on human health and the environment depend
[00:43:37.450]on how much is present as well as the link,
[00:43:40.052]frequency, and route of exposure.
[00:43:43.050]The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reviews both active
[00:43:46.340]and inert ingredients for toxicity
[00:43:48.670]to humans and the environment.
[00:43:52.240]Some examples of inert ingredients
[00:43:54.420]are adjuvants and dilutants.
[00:43:57.210]Each formulation can change the performance
[00:43:59.530]of the active ingredient,
[00:44:00.640]so each formulation is individually registered
[00:44:03.080]by EPA under the FIFRA law.
[00:44:06.030]You'll find a variety of types of formulations available
[00:44:09.040]for the pesticides you use.
[00:44:11.060]Some examples include dry-flowables,
[00:44:13.400]wettable-powders, soluble granules, and many more.
[00:44:17.310]The key concept is that formulations
[00:44:19.570]have specific advantages and disadvantages.
[00:44:22.800]As an applicator, it is your responsibility
[00:44:25.160]to choose the safest and most effective formulation
[00:44:28.060]for the job at hand.
[00:44:33.780]Adjuvants are ingredients that come pre-mixed
[00:44:35.830]in a pesticide product or that an applicator can add
[00:44:38.760]to a pesticide to improve mixing or application
[00:44:41.328]or increase the effectiveness of the pesticide.
[00:44:44.820]Since adjuvants are not labeled as pesticides,
[00:44:47.130]they do not need to be registered by EPA.
[00:44:49.890]They do not require residue studies for food tolerances.
[00:44:53.590]Pesticides however are required
[00:44:55.360]to meet certain food tolerance standards
[00:44:57.260]when used on food crops.
[00:45:00.220]Adjuvants include buffers, compatibility agents,
[00:45:03.350]de-foaming agents, drift retardants, stickers,
[00:45:06.240]thickeners, wetting agents, and others.
[00:45:09.390]Some pesticides will break down if the spray water
[00:45:11.591]or carrier is too acidic or too basic.
[00:45:14.990]Buffers are added to adjust the pH of the spray water,
[00:45:17.880]making the pesticide application more effective.
[00:45:20.990]A pesticide that is mixed with fertilizer
[00:45:22.990]or another pesticide may form clumps
[00:45:25.370]or be unevenly distributed in the spray tank.
[00:45:28.410]They may be physically or chemically incompatible.
[00:45:32.030]A compatibility agent can be added
[00:45:33.910]to help overcome this problem.
[00:45:36.377]When selecting an adjuvant, follow the label directions.
[00:45:40.510]Some labels prohibit the use of an adjuvant.
[00:45:43.590]Don't use industrial products or household detergents.
[00:45:47.130]Test before buying large quantities
[00:45:49.000]of adjuvants and read the label.
[00:45:51.620]Many pesticide products already contain an adjuvant.
[00:45:58.700]Mixing two or more pesticides
[00:46:00.344]or mixing a pesticide and fertilizer may have advantages.
[00:46:04.190]By applying them in a single application,
[00:46:06.170]you reduce the cost and time of making two applications.
[00:46:09.570]In some situations, the pesticides may show synergism.
[00:46:13.200]That is, the application of the two together
[00:46:15.470]may be more effective than either applied alone.
[00:46:19.400]If you can make such a mixture without reducing safety
[00:46:21.920]or effectiveness, the mixture is considered compatible.
[00:46:26.159]If safety or effectiveness is reduced,
[00:46:28.780]the mixture is considered to be incompatible.
[00:46:32.080]It can cause active ingredients to become ineffective
[00:46:35.040]or may increase environmental hazards
[00:46:36.750]such a phytotoxicity, which is harm to plants.
[00:46:40.580]Physical incompatibility can result in unwanted physical
[00:46:43.365]and often visible changes in the mixture,
[00:46:45.920]such as solidifying of the material,
[00:46:48.733]which deposits on the bottom of the spray tank,
[00:46:52.070]formulation of separate layers
[00:46:53.540]of components following agitation,
[00:46:56.280]formation of large aggregates or clumps,
[00:46:58.760]or curdling of the mixture.
[00:47:01.360]Chemical incompatibility can occur
[00:47:02.920]when pesticides are mixed together or when pesticides
[00:47:05.271]and fertilizers are mixed, especially where highly acidic
[00:47:08.700]or alkaline materials are used.
[00:47:11.110]Heat or fizzing are signs of chemical incompatibility.
[00:47:15.290]The product label will often provide testing procedures
[00:47:17.930]for determining incompatibility.
[00:47:20.370]In addition, you can use the jar test
[00:47:22.185]to test for incompatibility.
[00:47:25.120]More often these days, tank mixes of two
[00:47:27.370]or more compounds are specified on pesticide labels.
[00:47:30.791]You can minimize compatibility problems
[00:47:33.330]by using these previously tested
[00:47:34.821]and registered combinations.
[00:47:38.280]If specific combinations are not listed on the label,
[00:47:41.270]pesticide applicators are allowed to make tank mixtures
[00:47:44.100]unless the label prohibits them.
[00:47:46.360]A manufacturer will list known incompatibilities
[00:47:48.820]on the label.
[00:47:50.140]However, keep in mind that some incompatibility
[00:47:52.580]can still occur, even if not listed on the label,
[00:47:55.630]especially as new products enter the market.
[00:47:58.360]If specific tank mixes have not been tested extensively,
[00:48:01.840]please use caution.
[00:48:03.101](upbeat music)
[00:48:08.530]Hi, welcome back.
[00:48:09.840]Now I'm gonna go over a few safe pesticide storage
[00:48:12.720]and disposal tips with you for just some general knowledge.
[00:48:16.950]You wanna make sure to follow
[00:48:18.400]all the label directions when storing.
[00:48:21.010]Sometimes there are specific temperature requirements
[00:48:24.410]for a certain pesticide, so you don't want them to freeze,
[00:48:26.693]to make them break down.
[00:48:28.480]And you don't want them too hot
[00:48:29.660]to possibly cause an explosion or something
[00:48:32.647]that might be temperature related.
[00:48:36.860]Another storage thing is you don't want
[00:48:39.000]to buy more than you need.
[00:48:40.320]One of the things is the size of your storage unit.
[00:48:44.300]You don't want it to be too large
[00:48:46.810]and by regulating the size of your purchase,
[00:48:51.920]you will be able to ensure that you don't have
[00:48:54.522]an unnecessarily large building
[00:48:57.250]for storing your pesticides.
[00:48:58.960]And as well as stockpiling doesn't do you any favors
[00:49:02.560]because potential changes in labels
[00:49:04.522]and formulations and the build up of resistance
[00:49:08.300]could cause that product to go to waste.
[00:49:10.190]So you'll be wasting money as well as having
[00:49:12.730]to dispose of a large of quantity
[00:49:14.330]of pesticides that are concentrated.
[00:49:18.690]Another major important thing is to store pesticides
[00:49:22.520]in their original containers.
[00:49:25.160]Not only does the label list important information
[00:49:27.740]such as ingredients, directions
[00:49:29.900]on how to use that pesticide,
[00:49:31.900]but it also has directions
[00:49:33.530]for what to do if somebody does come in contact
[00:49:37.270]with that and is poisoned by it.
[00:49:39.040]So it's important to keep all that information contained
[00:49:41.920]and together so that you have it when you need it.
[00:49:45.800]Never, never store pesticides in a container original,
[00:49:50.220]other than its original container,
[00:49:52.111]such as a soft drink, or a food container.
[00:49:56.530]They can be mistaken as a drink
[00:49:58.710]that is drinkable and it will cause pesticide poisoning
[00:50:02.658]and sometimes death, so make sure
[00:50:05.660]to always use the original container.
[00:50:09.067]When storing your pesticides,
[00:50:10.784]you make sure you have a locked storage device.
[00:50:14.400]You wanna make sure that it's clearly labeled
[00:50:17.040]such as this sign so people know what's stored in there,
[00:50:20.450]so they don't just kinda meander in there looking around
[00:50:23.230]at different things.
[00:50:24.640]Make sure it's well-ventilated
[00:50:26.950]so that it's, it regulates the temperature better
[00:50:30.230]and it doesn't have a build up of fumes.
[00:50:35.130]So moving on to protecting water sources.
[00:50:37.930]Make sure that you don't store,
[00:50:40.280]your storage isn't where floods happen.
[00:50:42.980]You don't want any water coming up through the floor,
[00:50:45.380]seeping through cracks, so that it can possibly leach out
[00:50:50.060]and contaminate water sources.
[00:50:53.320]Don't store pesticides near ground water,
[00:50:56.546]wells, any place that it can contaminate
[00:50:59.680]larger water sources,
[00:51:01.290]and we'll talk about more water contamination later.
[00:51:07.350]Flammability.
[00:51:08.990]Some of these pesticides are flammable
[00:51:11.230]and they, like we talked about
[00:51:13.020]with the temperature regulations,
[00:51:14.280]you wanna store them away
[00:51:15.820]from any sort of increased heat source.
[00:51:20.110]Keep 'em away from fire, you wanna keep 'em away
[00:51:22.700]from furnaces, cars, outdoor grills, lawn mower,
[00:51:25.890]anything that could possibly lead to combustion
[00:51:28.810]of these chemicals and cause a flammable incident.
[00:51:36.350]Again, with food, you wanna make sure that this,
[00:51:39.110]these chemicals are kept away from food,
[00:51:41.721]animals, pets, anything
[00:51:43.968]that could potentially be contaminated
[00:51:47.870]by the presence of these chemicals.
[00:51:51.080]Make sure to keep it out of reach of children.
[00:51:54.010]They can reach higher than you think,
[00:51:55.820]so make sure to store some of them on high shelves,
[00:52:00.310]and pets are known to just be curious.
[00:52:03.330]So make sure you keep it locked up and away from them.
[00:52:07.030]When choosing a storage device,
[00:52:11.150]make sure that you use a solid, sturdy shelving
[00:52:14.680]that it can support the weights of the chemicals.
[00:52:18.440]We suggest using metal shelving 'cause it makes
[00:52:20.850]for easier clean up, it doesn't absorb into the wood,
[00:52:23.459]so then you don't have to replace it as often.
[00:52:28.240]And when organizing, you can see here
[00:52:31.210]that the light pesticides are on top,
[00:52:34.600]and then it gradually gets heavier
[00:52:36.362]and so you wanna make sure
[00:52:38.370]that the heavy ones are the bottom
[00:52:39.910]so that it doesn't break a shelf.
[00:52:42.040]And while you're storing it, you also wanna try
[00:52:44.030]and keep liquids lower at the bottom,
[00:52:46.130]so that they don't drip onto
[00:52:47.374]and contaminate other pesticides
[00:52:50.130]that might be lower than them if they, if there is a leak.
[00:52:54.680]Make sure you keep a list of your products.
[00:52:57.520]This helps not only with in case there's,
[00:53:00.090]something's missing, you know what products you have
[00:53:03.380]and you can have a list of what is being used.
[00:53:09.150]And so, not only can you tell what's being used
[00:53:11.840]but you can keep track of the quantities
[00:53:14.060]and so when you take some out, you know how much you have.
[00:53:17.070]It helps with reordering.
[00:53:18.590]It helps with just maintaining a use
[00:53:21.203]of what's being consumed and what you have left available
[00:53:25.750]so again you don't overstock and waste money.
[00:53:30.660]Safe disposal.
[00:53:33.320]In small amounts, you wanna apply them according
[00:53:35.893]to the label on sites that are appropriate with the label.
[00:53:44.080]When, you don't wanna pour it out.
[00:53:46.710]You don't wanna pour down a drain, a toilet,
[00:53:48.553]sewer, or a street drain,
[00:53:50.650]'cause that can potentially contaminate
[00:53:53.000]other water supplies.
[00:53:55.590]If you're running on a sewage system,
[00:53:58.260]it might interfere with their treatment,
[00:54:00.470]as well as septic systems.
[00:54:02.190]So you wanna be really careful where you dispose of this
[00:54:05.780]and dispose of it according to the label.
[00:54:07.697](upbeat music)
[00:54:13.240]Hello, I'm Cheryl Alberts.
[00:54:15.370]Today's topic is the proper protocol
[00:54:17.670]to clean up pesticide spills.
[00:54:20.200]We call this the three Cs.
[00:54:22.840]Before getting into the specifics of the three Cs,
[00:54:25.890]let's think about how pesticide spills occur.
[00:54:30.019]Despite our best, careful efforts,
[00:54:32.490]containers overturn, tanks slosh,
[00:54:35.860]hoses leak, valves crack.
[00:54:38.320]These can occur without your even knowing it.
[00:54:41.110]You could have a leak down a city street,
[00:54:43.430]on a country road, or over a bridge.
[00:54:46.900]What do you do if you have a pesticide leaking
[00:54:49.830]on a road that has organic fields
[00:54:51.570]on either side of it?
[00:54:53.790]These situations are highly possible.
[00:54:56.410]By the end of this segment,
[00:54:57.780]you will be better prepared with how to deal
[00:55:00.180]with pesticide spills.
[00:55:02.473]The main goal is to keep yourself,
[00:55:04.970]others, and the environment safe.
[00:55:07.153]Of course, the highest priority
[00:55:09.110]is to immediately administer first-aid to anyone injured.
[00:55:13.350]Being prepared also means having quick access
[00:55:15.710]to additional personal protective equipment,
[00:55:18.550]PPE, and a pesticide spill kit.
[00:55:22.550]All applicators must know how to respond
[00:55:24.660]to a pesticide spill.
[00:55:26.790]The three Cs can help you remember how to deal with spills,
[00:55:29.976]small or large, liquid or dry.
[00:55:33.557]The three Cs are control, contain, and clean up.
[00:55:39.174]Let's take each of the three Cs individually.
[00:55:44.800]Before attending to a spill,
[00:55:46.220]quickly protect yourself with proper PPE.
[00:55:49.230]At minimum, long sleeve shirt, long pants,
[00:55:52.140]shoes, socks, and gloves.
[00:55:54.590]Use the pesticide label as your guide.
[00:55:57.540]Follow recommended mixing
[00:55:59.050]and wear the PPE for cleaning up the spilled product.
[00:56:03.010]If need be, wear goggles and chemical resistant gloves
[00:56:06.240]and boots, especially if your shoes would get saturated
[00:56:09.590]with a liquid pesticide or concentrate.
[00:56:12.990]Protective coveralls also might be in order.
[00:56:16.880]We'll now go ahead and address the first C.
[00:56:19.690]Control.
[00:56:20.880]Control the spill.
[00:56:22.080]Stop the leak.
[00:56:24.460]If a container is turned over, for example,
[00:56:26.870]put the container upright to stop the spill.
[00:56:30.040]For a container that's leaking,
[00:56:31.463]put it into a larger container.
[00:56:34.530]If that's not possible,
[00:56:35.900]try to plug the leak or close the valve.
[00:56:39.270]The goal is to stop the spill.
[00:56:43.017]As the spill is being controlled,
[00:56:45.300]make muted phone calls.
[00:56:47.160]Start with the Nebraska State Patrol,
[00:56:49.129]800-525-5555.
[00:56:53.660]The patrol is the best first resource
[00:56:56.060]and will know what to do.
[00:56:58.240]Labels and safety data sheets
[00:57:00.200]provide critical information to emergency responders.
[00:57:03.730]Have them available.
[00:57:07.350]For large spills, send for help.
[00:57:09.810]Stay at the site to ensure no one becomes endangered.
[00:57:15.910]For emergencies, besides the State Patrol,
[00:57:18.540]contact the manufacturer for advice on clean up.
[00:57:22.490]The emergency number is on the product label.
[00:57:26.768]Controlling a spill also involves roping off
[00:57:29.990]the contaminated area to keep people out.
[00:57:33.370]Create a 30 foot perimeter around the area.
[00:57:36.830]Avoid contact with pesticide drift
[00:57:38.960]or fumes from the spilled pesticide.
[00:57:42.210]If the material was flammable, avoid using flares.
[00:57:46.030]Consider downwind areas and evacuate people
[00:57:48.680]who could be exposed.
[00:57:51.310]This sums up the first C, control.
[00:57:55.940]The second of the three Cs is to contain the spill.
[00:57:59.880]This is where is your pesticide spill kit comes in.
[00:58:02.990]It should include PPE,
[00:58:05.250]shovel, broom, absorbent materials, and trash bags.
[00:58:10.500]The spill must be contained to prevent it from spreading.
[00:58:14.210]Build a dam or a dike around the spill
[00:58:16.550]with materials from the spill kit.
[00:58:19.080]Spilled pesticides should never enter water,
[00:58:21.940]including sewers and drains.
[00:58:24.670]If the spilled pesticide enters water,
[00:58:26.837]immediately contact the Nebraska State Patrol.
[00:58:31.090]Also notify the local emergency planning coordinator,
[00:58:34.570]sheriff, or local police.
[00:58:36.900]Immediate action is required
[00:58:38.910]since it may be necessary to notify downstream users.
[00:58:44.770]Containing large spills can be quite an undertaking.
[00:58:48.180]The top photo shows spill containment
[00:58:50.290]in a river to prevent further downstream contamination.
[00:58:54.450]Remember, keep pesticides out of water.
[00:58:59.310]For spills on a non-porous surface
[00:59:01.400]like a containment pad or storage room floor,
[00:59:04.490]spread absorbent materials over the spill.
[00:59:07.580]Absorbent flakes, fine sand, vermiculite,
[00:59:10.760]clay, and pet litter absorb pesticides well.
[00:59:14.210]Don't use sawdust if the pesticide is a strong oxidizer,
[00:59:17.970]as that would create a fire hazard.
[00:59:20.750]Absorbent pillows, tubes, or pads are convenient to use,
[00:59:24.732]but must be disposed of properly.
[00:59:27.780]If possible, use an absorbent that can be diluted
[00:59:30.780]and applied to a labeled site to prevent disposal problems.
[00:59:35.610]Thinking ahead and having a well-supplied
[00:59:37.930]pesticide spill kit can save a lot of headaches.
[00:59:42.920]Spilled pesticide dust, wettable powders,
[00:59:45.690]and granular formulations can be lightly misted
[00:59:49.040]to contain them.
[00:59:50.560]Or you can cover them with plastic.
[00:59:53.940]So far, we've covered two of the three Cs.
[00:59:56.980]Control and contain.
[00:59:59.270]The third and final C is clean up.
[01:00:04.790]To clean up the spill, pour absorbent material,
[01:00:07.940]such as kitty litter on the liquid product.
[01:00:11.160]Give it time to soak up the spill,
[01:00:13.460]then sweep it up and place it in a container
[01:00:15.900]for later use or for disposal.
[01:00:19.286]After the material is collected,
[01:00:21.350]decontaminate the area.
[01:00:23.540]Mix up a solution of 30% bleach or hydrated lime
[01:00:28.360]and work it into the contaminated area
[01:00:30.310]with a coarse broom.
[01:00:32.800]Use clean up information provided by the manufacturer
[01:00:36.120]or registrant for best results.
[01:00:39.970]Always wear protective equipment
[01:00:41.680]when cleaning up pesticide spills.
[01:00:44.260]When decontaminating the spill area,
[01:00:46.540]do not use bleach and lime together
[01:00:49.638]as the combination can create a poisonous gas.
[01:00:54.330]It may be necessary to repeat the application
[01:00:56.910]of bleach or lime to thoroughly decontaminate the area.
[01:01:03.010]What if soil is contaminated during a pesticide spill?
[01:01:07.220]In that case, the top two to three inches
[01:01:09.430]of soil must be removed.
[01:01:11.560]The contaminated soil must then be mixed
[01:01:14.000]with clean soil and applied at or below the labeled rate
[01:01:18.304]to a labeled site.
[01:01:21.440]If contaminated soil can't be legally applied,
[01:01:24.970]it is considered hazardous waste.
[01:01:27.865]That means, it's potentially harmful to people
[01:01:31.290]and-or the environment and must have special disposal.
[01:01:35.990]To recondition the soil, layer two inches of lime
[01:01:39.540]over the area, then add fresh topsoil over the lime.
[01:01:44.660]If the spill is minor, activated charcoal
[01:01:47.300]can also effectively decontaminate an area.
[01:01:52.240]Remember that after cleaning up a spill,
[01:01:54.930]equipment also needs to be cleaned.
[01:01:58.130]Clean equipment with a 30% bleach
[01:02:00.760]or alkaline detergent.
[01:02:03.610]Wear PPE during the decontamination process.
[01:02:07.230]Never mix bleach and detergent.
[01:02:11.320]After the pesticide spill has been cleaned up,
[01:02:14.260]discard brooms and any clothing or materials
[01:02:17.380]that may have been contaminated
[01:02:18.978]or that cannot be decontaminated.
[01:02:23.520]PPE that's disposable or any
[01:02:26.170]that has been highly contaminated
[01:02:27.842]should be properly discarded as household hazardous waste.
[01:02:33.240]Wash yourself thoroughly with soap and water
[01:02:36.060]to remove possible pesticide contamination
[01:02:39.020]that may have occurred during the cleanup process.
[01:02:43.320]And then, there's paperwork.
[01:02:45.590]When a spill occurs, record
[01:02:47.420]all the cleanup procedures that were used.
[01:02:50.210]This is for your legal protection.
[01:02:54.100]Keep records of all activities
[01:02:55.930]that were conducted during the emergency,
[01:02:58.270]including conversations with regulatory authorities,
[01:03:02.090]emergency personnel, and the public.
[01:03:05.460]Your records must clearly show
[01:03:07.330]how emergency response progressed
[01:03:09.833]and how you acted in the best way possible
[01:03:13.360]to protect people and the environment.
[01:03:16.860]As with so many aspects relating to pesticides,
[01:03:19.980]good documentation is critical.
[01:03:24.280]We'll briefly mention disposal of and recycling containers.
[01:03:29.590]When it comes to disposing of
[01:03:31.570]and recycling empty pesticide containers,
[01:03:34.570]remember to read the storage
[01:03:36.240]and disposal section of the label.
[01:03:39.360]All storage and disposal directions must be followed.
[01:03:44.590]Triple-rinse or pressure-rinse
[01:03:46.310]all empty pesticide containers immediately.
[01:03:49.530]Use the container rinse water
[01:03:51.000]in the spray batch you are making up.
[01:03:54.630]Un-rinsed containers are considered hazardous waste.
[01:03:58.300]Doesn't it make sense to clean containers right away
[01:04:01.013]so any residue doesn't become sticky and harder to remove?
[01:04:05.750]Store cleaned containers in a special section
[01:04:08.282]of your pesticide storage facility.
[01:04:12.690]Properly rinsed pesticide containers can be recycled
[01:04:16.160]through the Agricultural Container Recycling Council.
[01:04:20.400]Nebraska Extension works with the Council
[01:04:23.110]in collecting and hauling clean containers.
[01:04:26.163]For more, see pested.unl.edu.
[01:04:31.880]When rinsing containers and your application equipment,
[01:04:36.310]make the initial rinse to the application site.
[01:04:40.190]Tank rinse water can be stored in holding tanks
[01:04:43.140]for later use as mix water for tank batches.
[01:04:48.450]Remember the key points of this segment are the three Cs.
[01:04:51.940]Control, contain, and clean up.
[01:04:55.070]And proper container disposal when it comes to pesticides.
[01:04:59.159](upbeat music)
[01:05:07.070]Hi, I'm Greg Kreuger, a weed science
[01:05:09.190]and pesticide application technology specialist
[01:05:11.550]at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's
[01:05:13.090]West Central Research and Extension Center in North Platte.
[01:05:15.950]Today, I'm gonna talk through how to clean a tank
[01:05:19.180]and kinda why it's important
[01:05:20.970]to go through cleaning a sprayer out thoroughly.
[01:05:23.870]So when we talk about sprayer application,
[01:05:26.680]or spray applications, the tank clean out part is one
[01:05:29.670]of the most crucial because we don't wanna carry
[01:05:32.500]one pesticide from one field or one crop into another crop.
[01:05:37.030]There's risk for damage of that subsequent crop,
[01:05:40.890]which could result in yield loss
[01:05:42.560]or economic losses in other ways.
[01:05:45.260]As well as fields that don't look
[01:05:47.760]quite the way we want 'em to,
[01:05:49.430]so we have these unaesthetic situations.
[01:05:52.380]So, making sure that we thoroughly clean that sprayer out
[01:05:55.892]when we get finished with one application,
[01:05:57.870]before we move to another is absolutely critical.
[01:06:00.680]Now, with that said, as we move into using more and more,
[01:06:04.970]dicamba-tolerant crops, we're seeing
[01:06:07.513]that this is even more critical because of some of the very,
[01:06:11.610]very low doses of dicamba that can cause injury
[01:06:14.750]in non-dicamba tolerant soybeans.
[01:06:17.140]So, when we talk about tank clean out,
[01:06:19.495]it's really important as we look ahead.
[01:06:22.580]We're seeing more and more restrictions
[01:06:24.300]on pesticide applications.
[01:06:25.831]Documenting how and when we've cleaned out that sprayer.
[01:06:30.260]So, making sure that we do a thorough job is important
[01:06:33.290]to minimize any kinda risk of injury
[01:06:35.970]to subsequent crops and making sure
[01:06:38.360]that the, we've got the proper documentation
[01:06:40.810]from a legal standpoint.
[01:06:42.540]So when we think about cleaning out a sprayer,
[01:06:44.852]all sprayers have a few common parts in common.
[01:06:48.810]The first one's the tank.
[01:06:50.430]And this is biggest harbor for potential residues.
[01:06:53.477]So this is, when we start to clean out the sprayer,
[01:06:56.124]the first place we're gonna think.
[01:06:58.760]This tank is gonna hold whatever we were spraying.
[01:07:02.300]We've gotta make sure we get inside there
[01:07:04.060]and rinse down the walls and get that clean.
[01:07:07.420]Every application we would recommend a triple rinse.
[01:07:10.680]Some labels may be even more restrictive than that,
[01:07:13.120]so make sure you consult the label
[01:07:14.670]for the product you're using.
[01:07:16.240]From the tank, that solution when we're making
[01:07:19.150]a spray application is gonna run into the hoses.
[01:07:21.810]The hoses are the second place that we're gonna start
[01:07:23.960]to think about in terms of potential risk
[01:07:25.857]of tank contamination.
[01:07:28.510]So cleaning out those hoses and lines are gonna be critical.
[01:07:31.821]Again, like we said with the tank,
[01:07:34.360]triple rinse is gonna be good.
[01:07:36.370]We're gonna wanna flush that boom with fresh water,
[01:07:38.870]clean water to make sure we get everything out of the tank.
[01:07:43.700]Some of our new sprayers, self-propelled sprayers,
[01:07:46.820]which are gonna be much larger than the one behind me,
[01:07:49.281]could hold as much as 50 gallons of solution
[01:07:52.679]after that tank is completely emptied,
[01:07:54.766]just in the hoses, lines, and pumps,
[01:07:57.227]so making sure that we get all of that solution
[01:08:01.160]that could be setting in those lines is gonna be critical.
[01:08:04.510]On top of that, on the backside here,
[01:08:07.420]you can see that we've got a filter system.
[01:08:10.030]Pulling off those filters that could harbor residues
[01:08:14.010]is gonna be critical.
[01:08:14.880]Making sure those filters are clean
[01:08:16.320]when we go into that next field,
[01:08:18.870]that next crop with a different pesticide is important.
[01:08:22.087]The other place that we wanna check is the nozzles.
[01:08:25.780]At the nozzles, we a lot of times have tip screens
[01:08:28.480]or the nozzles themselves could be harbors for residues.
[01:08:32.250]Making sure that those are clean is also important.
[01:08:35.270]So again, every sprayer's gonna have those components.
[01:08:39.622]How many different filters and nozzles
[01:08:43.670]and whether we have nozzle screens
[01:08:45.720]is gonna vary from sprayer to sprayer.
[01:08:47.610]But all of those components
[01:08:48.840]are potential harbors for residues.
[01:08:52.150]Now when we start to think about how do we set up a sprayer,
[01:08:55.322]I know when I go to purchase a new sprayer,
[01:08:58.433]tank contamination's not the first thing on my mind,
[01:09:01.800]but as we think about purchasing or building a new sprayer,
[01:09:06.300]we may wanna consider some of these components
[01:09:08.410]as we do that.
[01:09:09.419]Again, starting with the tank,
[01:09:11.490]if we go to a stainless steel tank,
[01:09:13.370]stainless steel tanks tend to be much easier to clean out,
[01:09:15.702]less likely to harbor residues.
[01:09:18.250]Some of the poly tanks, if we leave a spray solution set in
[01:09:22.510]that tank over time, those pesticides can pull
[01:09:24.990]into the plastic, making it more difficult
[01:09:27.360]to get those cleaned out.
[01:09:29.270]When we think about our hoses, that's another good place
[01:09:32.120]to think about when we're putting a new sprayer together.
[01:09:35.110]Generally speaking, you get what you pay for.
[01:09:38.090]A lot of times though what we see
[01:09:39.750]is the higher end hoses tend to have less pitting in them,
[01:09:42.486]and they're much easier to clean.
[01:09:44.763]Those polyethylene jacketed hoses and things like that,
[01:09:48.250]while they do cost more, will probably lead
[01:09:51.450]to less trouble in terms
[01:09:52.600]of tank contamination in the future.
[01:09:55.460]All right, so when we're cleaning our sprayer out,
[01:09:57.340]obviously if we're triple rinsing this thing,
[01:09:59.730]we're gonna create quite a bit of waste.
[01:10:02.280]The first thing I want you to think about is when
[01:10:06.020]and where to clean that sprayer.
[01:10:07.550]And we talked about between every crop
[01:10:10.207]or maybe even more often than that
[01:10:13.130]as the label guides us is important.
[01:10:16.890]When we do triple rinse that sprayer,
[01:10:18.700]we've gotta dispose of that rinsate somewhere.
[01:10:22.290]The best time to do it is while you're still
[01:10:24.460]in the field that you just finished spraying.
[01:10:26.840]Go ahead and get that triple rinse in
[01:10:29.070]and spray it back out over the field
[01:10:31.050]where we're not at any risk of causing damage
[01:10:33.270]to an environmental area that we don't want to be in.
[01:10:38.070]If I can't do that, another option is to take
[01:10:40.470]that sprayer back to the shop, if I've got a loading pad
[01:10:44.378]that has a drain that is gonna collect that rinsate.
[01:10:47.720]So we can also look at doing it that way.
[01:10:50.990]Beyond that, the options are not really good,
[01:10:53.090]so those are probably the first two places
[01:10:55.300]that one should think about cleaning out a sprayer.
[01:10:57.840]All right, as we think about cleaning this sprayer out,
[01:11:01.331]there's a couple standard procedures
[01:11:04.410]that we wanna make sure we do.
[01:11:06.120]The triple rinse we've talked about in detail.
[01:11:09.260]On top of that, one of the things
[01:11:11.140]that we would wanna talk about
[01:11:12.116]is if we're flushing that boom,
[01:11:14.810]on a lot of our new sprayers have some sort of end cap
[01:11:17.570]or some sorta cap on that end of that boom
[01:11:21.910]so that we can pull that off,
[01:11:23.214]flush out anything that might've settled in there.
[01:11:26.395]This particular sprayer doesn't have that.
[01:11:28.560]But a lot of our sprayers do.
[01:11:30.340]Another thing we wanna do is go ahead
[01:11:31.590]and just go down the line, pull those nozzles off.
[01:11:34.710]Put them in a five gallon bucket of water.
[01:11:37.180]Let them soak so that we get all of the residues
[01:11:40.630]and stuff off that way.
[01:11:42.120]And you know, I know it's time consuming
[01:11:44.713]and a lot of you probably aren't gonna take my advice
[01:11:47.310]on this, but with the toxicity
[01:11:50.430]and the low dose response
[01:11:52.360]of some of the pesticides we handle,
[01:11:54.290]just taking a quick few minutes to take a pressure washer
[01:11:57.340]or some sort of sprayer
[01:11:58.420]and wash down the entire spray system
[01:12:01.104]could be really crucial in terms
[01:12:03.470]of mitigating unintended effects
[01:12:05.480]from tank contamination or sprayer contamination.
[01:12:09.630]As we go about this, it becomes really critical,
[01:12:14.450]make sure you consult that label.
[01:12:16.810]Every label's gonna have a little bit different guidance
[01:12:19.270]on how to clean out that sprayer.
[01:12:20.890]And we're seeing that most labels are becoming more
[01:12:23.170]and more specific in terms of the procedures
[01:12:25.610]that they wanna see you follow
[01:12:27.130]to make that sprayer as clean as possible
[01:12:29.940]at the end of the day.
[01:12:31.490]All right, so now that we're kind of reaching the end
[01:12:34.050]of this segment, we wanna kinda circle back around.
[01:12:36.962]As we talked about at the very beginning,
[01:12:39.460]I'm gonna beg you guys,
[01:12:41.000]make sure you use the appropriate PPE.
[01:12:44.090]Make sure you've got the gloves,
[01:12:45.850]long sleeve coat, long plants, closed-toe shoes,
[01:12:48.437]glasses or other eye protection.
[01:12:52.440]In some cases, certain labels may require even more
[01:12:55.670]than that, and so make sure you have
[01:12:57.340]that appropriate PPE for whatever products
[01:12:59.940]you might've been using.
[01:13:01.489]When you do that, it really helps protect you
[01:13:05.920]from potential exposure to those chemistries.
[01:13:08.750]Now, again, just to wrap things up here.
[01:13:13.600]Cleaning out that tank is absolutely critical.
[01:13:16.144]In some cases, there are certain crops
[01:13:19.730]that are so sensitive to some of the pesticides out there
[01:13:22.750]that you really can't spend too much time
[01:13:25.170]and you can't get that sprayer too clean.
[01:13:26.900]So when you're cleaning out that sprayer
[01:13:29.070]at the end of the day, make sure you're keeping records
[01:13:32.400]of that so that you're in compliance
[01:13:35.020]with any potential label guidelines or restrictions there,
[01:13:38.968]as well as making sure we get that sprayer absolutely
[01:13:41.940]as clean as possible so that we don't cause
[01:13:43.850]any unintended effects.
[01:13:44.950](upbeat music)
[01:13:59.860]Hi, my name is Greg Puckett.
[01:14:01.680]I'm an Extension Assistant
[01:14:02.860]with the Pesticide Safety Education program.
[01:14:05.900]Nebraska is full of plants, animals, and natural resources
[01:14:09.640]that it is important
[01:14:10.510]for us as pesticide applicators to protect.
[01:14:13.361]I'd like to pass it off to some specialists
[01:14:15.930]for them to talk about some of these resources in depth.
[01:14:21.140]Hello, my name's Craig Romary
[01:14:22.600]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture
[01:14:24.670]and today, I'll be talking about DriftWatch and BeeCheck.
[01:14:28.910]Both of these are, can be considered the same thing.
[01:14:32.290]They're an online registry and map
[01:14:34.260]for commercial specialty crops
[01:14:36.640]that usually are smaller in size
[01:14:38.870]and may not be as noticeable out there in the landscape.
[01:14:42.600]They are potentially more sensitive
[01:14:44.240]to pesticide injury and crop loss.
[01:14:48.360]The main purpose of this service
[01:14:50.900]is to promote communication, two-way communication
[01:14:53.590]between pesticide applicators and the people
[01:14:56.410]that have those specialty crops and apiary sites.
[01:15:00.910]This is an example of the DriftWatch map showing a variety
[01:15:03.894]of crops and you can zoom
[01:15:07.040]in to those locations to get a better idea
[01:15:09.500]of where they're at and you can click
[01:15:12.190]on any of those bubbles to get the contact information
[01:15:16.020]for the grower having that site
[01:15:18.522]if they have made that contact information available.
[01:15:22.180]And if so, you can contact them
[01:15:23.880]and let them know what you plan to do in that area.
[01:15:28.710]So there are three ways you can use this service.
[01:15:31.830]The first way is to just simply go to the website
[01:15:34.950]and I'll provide that URL later.
[01:15:37.488]And this is free of charge.
[01:15:39.300]You'll be able to see all of the crop sites
[01:15:41.201]and most of the beehives.
[01:15:43.550]Beekeepers have the option to only display their sites
[01:15:46.970]to registered applicators or applicators
[01:15:49.689]who are registered in DriftWatch,
[01:15:51.883]and so you may not see all of them at the public map.
[01:15:55.870]The second way is to register yourself
[01:15:59.030]on FieldWatch and DriftWatch as an applicator.
[01:16:02.180]And that's also free of charge.
[01:16:04.174]You'll be able to see all of the crop sites,
[01:16:06.760]all of the beehives, and you'll get email notifications
[01:16:09.640]when new information is added to the map
[01:16:11.607]in the area that you select.
[01:16:14.380]And lastly on this section you'll be able
[01:16:16.610]to download the FieldCheck app and that's new this year,
[01:16:20.110]available on your smart phone
[01:16:21.313]so that you'll have that information readily at hand.
[01:16:25.426]And the last thing is a data membership
[01:16:29.260]for data subscription and that is annual fee
[01:16:32.750]from FieldWatch and you can,
[01:16:36.030]by having that you'll be able to get that,
[01:16:38.210]these data to your mapping software.
[01:16:41.040]And that is also free of charge
[01:16:42.810]for federal, local, state government agencies as well.
[01:16:45.980]So please, you can take advantage of that service.
[01:16:49.710]So this is the website.
[01:16:51.092]FieldWatch.com, and this is where applicators need to go
[01:16:55.870]to register, clicking this image right here of the airplane.
[01:16:59.490]And it's also called FieldWatch.
[01:17:01.940]And if you don't wanna register,
[01:17:04.140]if you just wanna go to the DriftWatch map,
[01:17:06.678]you can go to the address down at the bottom of the screen.
[01:17:12.430]And that's all I have.
[01:17:13.820]If you have any questions,
[01:17:14.940]this is my contact information
[01:17:16.507]and I'll try to help you as best I can.
[01:17:19.957](upbeat music)
[01:17:36.570]Hi, I'm Judy Wu-Smart.
[01:17:38.380]I am an assistant professor
[01:17:40.330]and extension specialist for UNL.
[01:17:43.290]We're here at the Eastern Nebraska Research
[01:17:46.210]and Extension Center.
[01:17:48.030]We're here to talk about the importance of pollinators,
[01:17:50.360]particularly bees, in agricultural settings.
[01:17:53.270]These are critical pollinators
[01:17:54.929]for not only our native landscapes, but for numerous crops.
[01:17:58.750]Over 130 different fruits, vegetables, and nuts depend
[01:18:02.660]on the services that these bees provide.
[01:18:04.970]And so we're here to talk a little bit more
[01:18:07.130]about the landscape and how bees are impacted
[01:18:10.080]by agricultural practices.
[01:18:12.420]In the state of Nebraska, we have a lot of changes
[01:18:15.030]and really, landscapes are utilized
[01:18:17.470]for a lot of agriculture production,
[01:18:19.290]but as well as urbanization.
[01:18:21.590]And so these bees are impacted
[01:18:24.170]by the changes in these landscapes,
[01:18:25.970]particularly because it reduces the amount,
[01:18:28.870]the abundance and diversity of resources
[01:18:31.520]such as these flowers out here, which would really,
[01:18:35.460]are critical for their nutrition
[01:18:37.290]and their health in general.
[01:18:38.840]There are over 3600 different species
[01:18:43.090]of bees in the United States.
[01:18:46.020]20 thousand worldwide.
[01:18:48.016]Several of these species are used as managed pollinators
[01:18:52.530]for crop production, but there are thousands more
[01:18:56.060]that are just in the landscape
[01:18:57.940]and we have very little knowledge
[01:18:59.650]about how our practices are impacting their healths.
[01:19:03.500]So some of these managed pollinators are the honeybees
[01:19:06.270]and bumblebees also some mason bees and blue orchard bees.
[01:19:09.900]They're critical for pollinating the orchards
[01:19:12.990]and the crops and not all plants require insect pollination,
[01:19:18.380]however, some do get a benefit in yield.
[01:19:23.650]Pollination also improves taste and uniformity
[01:19:26.700]in some of these plants and crops.
[01:19:29.020]And then all the wild pollinators
[01:19:30.860]are helping us shape the landscape and for other wildlife.
[01:19:36.480]And so they're critical to sustaining Nebraska's resources
[01:19:39.760]and our landscapes and our natural habitats.
[01:19:42.630]So there's a lot of concern over the role pesticides play
[01:19:45.640]in affecting bee health,
[01:19:47.160]and there are a lotta different types of chemicals.
[01:19:49.570]So when we're discussing the impacts of pesticides,
[01:19:52.330]we really do have a lotta considerations to make.
[01:19:55.020]Not all compounds will outright kill a bee.
[01:19:57.920]Some will cause behavioral or cognitive impairments
[01:20:02.110]and these sub-lethal effects can affect their ability
[01:20:04.580]to forage for resources and rear brood
[01:20:06.860]and successfully survive.
[01:20:08.380]Some of these can also weaken their immune systems
[01:20:11.430]so that they become more susceptible
[01:20:13.058]to diseases and parasites.
[01:20:15.481]There are other chemicals that cause indirect effects,
[01:20:18.500]such as herbicides.
[01:20:19.830]When you spray down an entire landscape
[01:20:22.089]to remove all the flowering weeds,
[01:20:26.670]you're essentially eliminating the abundance
[01:20:28.700]and diversity of forage for those bees.
[01:20:31.200]And that can alter their ability
[01:20:32.624]to mount immune responses to fight some of the diseases
[01:20:38.320]and parasites that they have to deal with
[01:20:40.240]and so it can critically weaken a colony
[01:20:43.450]or the bees themselves.
[01:20:44.500]And so what I like people
[01:20:46.180]to remember is to practice pesticide stewardship
[01:20:50.360]and integrated pesticide management
[01:20:53.900]is a critical piece in that.
[01:20:55.810]Just remember that the landscape,
[01:20:58.340]you're trying to not only produce a crop,
[01:21:01.150]but protect the resources of that landscape,
[01:21:03.300]and that includes the pollinators.
[01:21:05.510]So think about timing of applications.
[01:21:08.270]Think about the actual compounds in those applications.
[01:21:11.430]And think about what you have around in your landscape.
[01:21:14.710]Try to mow down weeds before you spray.
[01:21:17.330]Try to make weeds and flowering plants available
[01:21:20.450]for those pollinators so that they do have somewhere to go,
[01:21:23.656]away from the field
[01:21:25.010]where the target application is occurring.
[01:21:27.930]And so, there are a lotta considerations to make,
[01:21:30.040]but there is a way to find a balance between crop production
[01:21:33.446]and pollinator protection.
[01:21:36.415](upbeat music)
[01:22:02.050]Good afternoon, I'm Katie Kreuser.
[01:22:03.730]I'm the hop program coordinator
[01:22:05.068]for the University of Nebraska Extension.
[01:22:08.150]We're out here at the UNL Hop Plots on East Campus
[01:22:12.430]to talk about hops and their sensitivity to drift.
[01:22:16.310]In recent years, hops have emerged
[01:22:18.270]as a high value specialty crop
[01:22:20.030]in many states including Nebraska.
[01:22:23.070]Hops are the cones or the flowers of the annual vines
[01:22:26.250]that emerge each year and from a perennial crown,
[01:22:29.251]and they grow clockwise up an 18-foot tall trellis system.
[01:22:34.350]The oil and the lupulin from these cones is primarily used
[01:22:38.290]as a bittering agent or to provide some unique aromas
[01:22:42.300]in beer production.
[01:22:44.200]Annually, one acre of aroma hops produces
[01:22:46.890]between 800 and 1900 pounds,
[01:22:49.890]and alpha varieties produce an average
[01:22:51.860]of three thousand pounds dried hops.
[01:22:54.460]In Nebraska, yields translate to an income
[01:22:56.960]of 15 to 22 thousand per acre
[01:23:00.380]and cost about $15 per pound of pelletized hopes.
[01:23:04.580]Today, the state has over 50 acres in hop production,
[01:23:07.970]which has steadily increased over the last four years.
[01:23:11.430]In beer production, depending of the style of beer,
[01:23:14.410]as little as one pound or as much as eight
[01:23:16.710]or more pounds of hops are used
[01:23:18.740]in making a single barrel of beer.
[01:23:21.560]In 2017, Nebraska brewers produced 53,655 barrels of beer,
[01:23:28.180]using about 160,965 pounds of hops,
[01:23:32.840]if each barrel had an average of three pounds of hops.
[01:23:36.900]Like other specialty crops, hops are sensitive to 2,4-D,
[01:23:40.320]glyphosate, dicamba, and many other herbicides.
[01:23:43.910]Because hops are increasingly playing roles
[01:23:46.280]in farm diversification, they are often grown
[01:23:49.100]in close proximity to row crops,
[01:23:51.030]making them increasingly susceptible to drift.
[01:23:54.419]Additionally, their height of 18 feet
[01:23:57.170]at season maturity, places them
[01:23:58.861]at an even greater risk for drift damage.
[01:24:02.365]Drift has the potential to severely damage
[01:24:04.880]or even kill hop plants, especially
[01:24:06.910]in their first two years of growth
[01:24:08.580]when the plants are still growing to full maturity.
[01:24:11.850]Total losses to drift per acre can reach up to $25,000
[01:24:16.246]when considering yield loss and total plant loss,
[01:24:20.147]and can deeply impact farmers.
[01:24:23.080]Educational programming platforms such as DriftWatch,
[01:24:26.120]and an increased awareness of specialty crops,
[01:24:28.280]together can help reduce crop damages
[01:24:30.447]and losses due to drift.
[01:24:32.510](upbeat music)
[01:25:03.017]I'm Justin Evertson with the Nebraska Forest Service
[01:25:05.530]and the Nebraska Statewide Arboretum.
[01:25:07.900]And we're here in Waverly today in Wayne Park
[01:25:10.143]to talk about the growing issue
[01:25:12.340]of herbicide damage on trees.
[01:25:14.680]Before we do that, let's remind ourselves
[01:25:16.760]of how important trees are.
[01:25:18.760]Here in Nebraska, where it can be very hot
[01:25:20.810]in the summertime, and winds blow incessantly,
[01:25:23.580]trees just make our lives more comfortable.
[01:25:25.680]We're physically more comfortable.
[01:25:27.690]And then the other benefits of trees,
[01:25:29.290]such as energy conservation, wildlife habitat,
[01:25:33.110]storm water capture, and then finally,
[01:25:35.670]trees are just beautiful.
[01:25:37.330]People love them in their daily lives
[01:25:39.220]and they make our lives more enjoyable.
[01:25:41.660]And always remember this about trees in Nebraska.
[01:25:44.440]They didn't get here by accident.
[01:25:46.050]People planted them looking for those benefits
[01:25:48.290]that trees provide.
[01:25:50.247]In recent years we've seen a dramatic increase
[01:25:52.841]in herbicide damage to trees across Nebraska
[01:25:56.006]from two primary sources.
[01:25:58.240]One is related to the spraying of lawns and lawn care
[01:26:02.120]and the other is the spraying of farm fields in the spring
[01:26:05.410]to burn down winter annual weeds.
[01:26:07.500]And we've seen a dramatic increase in recent years
[01:26:10.410]to trees, the herbicide damage to trees.
[01:26:14.040]It's most noticeable, we don't often notice it
[01:26:16.280]in the background of, as we're walking around trees,
[01:26:18.530]but if you look closely,
[01:26:20.140]you can see pretty significant evidence
[01:26:23.684]of how these trees are damaged.
[01:26:25.440]For example, here is a redbud leaf,
[01:26:28.510]which is a normal leaf
[01:26:29.720]that we would wanna see on a redbud tree.
[01:26:32.340]When we look closer, herbicide damaged leaves
[01:26:35.201]are much smaller and distorted, twisted, gnarled.
[01:26:40.810]They just don't look right.
[01:26:42.390]And we see this across several species.
[01:26:44.860]The redbud is a key indicator,
[01:26:46.660]but other common species we're seeing this on
[01:26:49.020]include various types of oaks, other legumes
[01:26:52.260]like honey locust, and then other trees like green ash
[01:26:55.860]and tulip poplar clearly show this damage
[01:26:58.689]of the herbicide drift.
[01:27:01.830]The damage that we're talking about to our trees happens
[01:27:05.140]in a couple of different ways.
[01:27:06.940]One of the most important issues we're running
[01:27:09.190]in now is the amount of herbicide drift
[01:27:12.120]coming from farm spraying.
[01:27:14.160]In the past few years, farmers have shifted
[01:27:16.190]to no till practices and herbicides are more important
[01:27:20.200]than ever to treat weeds in our farm fields.
[01:27:23.540]We're also applying quite a bit of herbicide
[01:27:25.627]in our communities on the lawns that we are around us,
[01:27:29.682]and in both of those efforts, these chemicals can get
[01:27:32.850]into the air and move off site
[01:27:34.850]and damage trees far away from where they were applied.
[01:27:38.590]So it's critical to really practice
[01:27:41.330]best management practices in our herbicide spraying.
[01:27:44.570]Think about things like Integrated Pest Management,
[01:27:48.420]the time of day we spray,
[01:27:50.440]and let's make sure we're not spraying
[01:27:51.960]on hot and windy days.
[01:27:53.990]And then finally, make sure you've adjusted those nozzles
[01:27:56.764]so they're not putting out a fine mist
[01:27:58.666]that is getting into the atmosphere and moving.
[01:28:02.070]Remember, the ultimate goal here
[01:28:03.710]is to keep our trees healthy and alive.
[01:28:06.820]They're ubiquitous.
[01:28:07.790]They're in the background of our daily lives
[01:28:09.730]and they're important to a lot of people.
[01:28:11.810]They're important to our rural farmsteads.
[01:28:13.820]They're important in our communities.
[01:28:15.434]And they are even important in our nurseries
[01:28:18.510]and how we grow trees and distribute them
[01:28:20.710]in our, across our state.
[01:28:23.230](upbeat music)
[01:28:32.170]I'm Bruce Hoffman with Common Scents Greenhouse
[01:28:34.930]and Nursery in McCook, Nebraska.
[01:28:37.140]That's in southwest Nebraska.
[01:28:39.160]And we're standing in the middle of our field trees.
[01:28:43.546]And we're gonna discuss how herbicides can affect a business
[01:28:51.149]that grows trees for a living and how it affects us.
[01:28:55.570]Chemicals are a part of our culture here.
[01:28:57.970]No-till farming is a boon to producers in our area,
[01:29:03.650]growing crops that never
[01:29:04.930]would have been thought of years ago.
[01:29:06.480]The downside is the chemicals that they use,
[01:29:10.050]if they leave the property, the can affect people like us
[01:29:13.580]that grow nursery stock for a living.
[01:29:18.440]And a year ago, we took a big dicamba hit
[01:29:22.282]and had severe damage and essentially,
[01:29:27.780]couldn't sell any of our stock.
[01:29:29.630]That's the bottom line.
[01:29:31.170]That's how it affected us.
[01:29:32.710]Okay, and I would say it's fairly common
[01:29:34.810]for people to, the notion that oh, they grow through them.
[01:29:38.830]I even have people in my trade
[01:29:41.680]that I rely on for technical support
[01:29:44.293]that kinda, oh, it'll grow through it.
[01:29:48.270]The damage is subtle.
[01:29:49.798]It isn't necessarily always entire desiccation of a tree,
[01:29:57.000]three inch trees, they're three inch now,
[01:29:59.240]American linden, real easy tree to grow straight.
[01:30:02.490]They're very soft and pliable.
[01:30:04.500]They made a 45 degree turn
[01:30:06.650]on a three inch trunk last summer.
[01:30:10.507]So, those kinds of things, it's pretty obvious
[01:30:12.920]when you know something's going on.
[01:30:14.510]To put exact number on how many nursery growers
[01:30:18.620]there are in Nebraska,
[01:30:22.190]the nursery directory has several hundred of us in there.
[01:30:26.770]All with specialty crops.
[01:30:28.090]They're not all growing trees.
[01:30:29.810]And mostly all sensitive crops.
[01:30:33.510]This is not an anomaly.
[01:30:34.890]They've all been hit.
[01:30:36.300]So I would, people that are growing sensitive crops,
[01:30:40.350]I would encourage you to get registered with DriftWatch.
[01:30:45.000]There's no enforcement.
[01:30:46.070]It does help build a case.
[01:30:49.010]And it helps protect you.
[01:30:51.720]That information is out there for all applicators.
[01:30:54.290]It's available to all applicators
[01:30:56.120]that you have a sensitive crop that needs protection.
[01:31:00.580]And for applicators, I would just say,
[01:31:03.660]you know, not when the wind is blowing like today.
[01:31:07.780]The stuff does get up and move.
[01:31:10.380]Read the label and just try to be respectful
[01:31:13.330]of other people's property.
[01:31:14.640]Not all crops are planted
[01:31:15.970]in April and harvested in September.
[01:31:19.030]Some are perennial crops
[01:31:23.310]that take a number of years to get to market.
[01:31:26.620]So and it, it affects people's bottom line.
[01:31:29.947](upbeat music)
[01:31:42.360]Hello, my name's Craig Romary
[01:31:43.730]with the state Department of Agriculture
[01:31:45.560]and I'm gonna be talking today
[01:31:46.760]about the Endangered Species Protection Program
[01:31:49.850]as it relates to pesticides.
[01:31:52.290]And so, for a number of years,
[01:31:54.490]the Department of Ag and the University Extension
[01:31:57.240]have been talking about pesticide labels
[01:31:59.240]and the language found on pesticide labels,
[01:32:01.639]dealing with endangered species
[01:32:04.230]and up until this point, we have seen quite a few labels
[01:32:07.390]that have language on the labels
[01:32:10.230]that direct you to a website
[01:32:12.170]and with the potential
[01:32:13.590]for having endangered species protection restrictions.
[01:32:17.930]But up until now, there have been
[01:32:19.810]no restrictions directly related to that.
[01:32:23.080]But now there are in Nebraska,
[01:32:24.823]and we will be going over those,
[01:32:27.390]the procedure to find out those restrictions today.
[01:32:32.420]I wanna note that what I'm gonna show you is how
[01:32:36.420]to access those restrictions.
[01:32:38.750]And currently we do have some in place,
[01:32:41.756]but the Department is hoping to work
[01:32:43.670]with the Environmental Protection Agency
[01:32:45.858]and other partners in possibly modifying those
[01:32:49.240]to make them more clear and more useful
[01:32:51.771]for their intended purpose.
[01:32:54.280]And I won't go into specific instructions on,
[01:32:57.300]or specific restrictions, but we'll just
[01:33:01.900]let you know how to find this website
[01:33:04.700]and determine whether you need
[01:33:06.328]to follow those restrictions or not.
[01:33:09.790]So the website is listed there in blue,
[01:33:12.514]epa.gov/espp.
[01:33:16.300]And this takes you to an EPA website
[01:33:18.630]that's best viewed in those browsers listed there.
[01:33:22.080]Or if you don't have internet access,
[01:33:23.880]you can also call that toll-free number I believe
[01:33:27.600]with the EPA to determine whether you,
[01:33:32.710]with more information they can tell you
[01:33:34.710]whether you need to follow specific restrictions or not.
[01:33:39.480]So, going to that web address will take you to the page
[01:33:43.250]on the top left, and then what you're wanting
[01:33:45.990]to look for is the text there
[01:33:47.730]that says endangered species protection bulletins.
[01:33:51.470]Clicking that link will then take you to the page
[01:33:53.630]on the lower right and what you're wanting
[01:33:55.930]to click next is the link at the top bullet
[01:33:58.770]that says bulletins live, which is the web page
[01:34:02.820]where the map and the data for the products are found.
[01:34:07.770]I also wanna note there the second link is a tutorial
[01:34:11.490]or a guide which is also very helpful
[01:34:14.550]and probably will do a better job
[01:34:16.720]of explaining the process than I will today.
[01:34:22.310]So, going to that web address will take you
[01:34:24.960]to this website showing the United States and map,
[01:34:29.700]and then on the right are some instructions and the,
[01:34:35.210]I just wanna highlight some areas here.
[01:34:37.620]The instructions, those are the steps
[01:34:39.370]that you need to follow to get to where you're wanting
[01:34:41.980]to go and they are pretty easy to follow,
[01:34:44.820]but you wanna make sure you follow them in order.
[01:34:48.300]The first step, it says there is to zoom in
[01:34:50.950]to the area that you're interested in,
[01:34:52.620]where you're going to make pesticide applications.
[01:34:55.500]So you can do that several ways.
[01:34:58.330]You can click the plus and minus sign there,
[01:35:01.520]pan in, pan out on the map,
[01:35:04.690]will get you closer and closer
[01:35:07.940]to the area you're interested in.
[01:35:10.230]Or you can go to the search box there
[01:35:14.380]where you can type in a city, state, and-or a zip code
[01:35:19.190]to get closer to the area you're interested in.
[01:35:22.820]Once you've zoomed in, you'll want to turn
[01:35:24.880]on the aerial imagery and that's found
[01:35:27.203]near the upper part of that red circle there
[01:35:29.710]where it says base maps.
[01:35:31.590]You can turn the imagery on and you'll be able
[01:35:33.360]to see fields and roads and that type of thing.
[01:35:38.340]So once you get to that part,
[01:35:40.740]you wanna make sure that you're zoomed in far enough
[01:35:42.850]so that you can see your application site
[01:35:44.937]and probably a half mile or so around
[01:35:48.790]that field in any direction.
[01:35:53.600]The next step, step two is to select the application month.
[01:35:58.500]And on this drop down list, you have the current month
[01:36:02.670]and then you can select up to six months
[01:36:05.370]in the future from there.
[01:36:07.640]And that would be the month of your application,
[01:36:10.290]so for the example here on, I'll select May of 2019.
[01:36:18.220]And then the next step is step three,
[01:36:20.700]and it says optional, and I'll just read that.
[01:36:22.720]It says, refine your search
[01:36:24.140]by entering a specific active ingredient
[01:36:27.040]or product and click the search button.
[01:36:29.790]And then it also has a product name
[01:36:32.590]or the product registration number.
[01:36:34.980]And because it's optional,
[01:36:36.643]and because we only have a handful of products
[01:36:38.993]with one active ingredient,
[01:36:41.810]and they all have the same restrictions,
[01:36:44.370]I suggest just leaving all of that blank
[01:36:46.520]or at the default stage for the time being.
[01:36:54.910]And so moving on to step four,
[01:36:56.540]assuming you've zoomed into an area,
[01:36:58.770]assuming that's your area of interest.
[01:37:01.181]It also says click on the use area.
[01:37:04.040]The use limitation area
[01:37:05.913]within your intended application zone.
[01:37:10.220]And then click the results tab.
[01:37:13.000]So if you're in the area that's shaded to the left,
[01:37:16.700]that's a restriction zone, use restriction zone.
[01:37:21.070]And if that's where your application site is at,
[01:37:23.300]you would click that shaded area
[01:37:24.920]and then it would become highlighted with the yellow border.
[01:37:28.690]And so then clicking that would,
[01:37:32.720]I think it'll pop up the use restrictions after that point.
[01:37:37.140]But if not, you can click search again.
[01:37:42.030]And then at that point, the products will pop up
[01:37:46.120]on the right side under the results tab
[01:37:49.414]and you should see the month and the year
[01:37:51.930]that you selected from the previous screen.
[01:37:55.730]And so if you're looking at the area
[01:37:58.140]to the right of the shaded area,
[01:37:59.560]if that's your application site, in the previous step,
[01:38:03.910]I wouldn't select the use restriction area.
[01:38:08.159]You would just click search again
[01:38:10.098]and it'll, I think it'll pop up
[01:38:13.980]that there are no limitations.
[01:38:15.510]And so on each of these areas, this screen
[01:38:18.380]or if there were no limitations,
[01:38:20.120]you could print the bulletin that documents the fact
[01:38:23.610]that you were at this site
[01:38:24.780]and you were looking up that information.
[01:38:28.770]And I would, you wanna make sure that the month is there.
[01:38:32.640]Month and the year is there so that you're looking
[01:38:35.086]to the point in time where you're planning
[01:38:37.270]to make that application.
[01:38:40.800]And so that's a quick rundown
[01:38:42.160]of how to use the website for finding those restrictions.
[01:38:46.930]To close, I'd just like to encourage everybody
[01:38:49.300]to learn more about the endangered species
[01:38:52.620]that are potentially in your area,
[01:38:54.960]the restrictions on this website currently
[01:38:57.520]only cover a couple of them.
[01:39:00.200]And so there are others in all parts of the state
[01:39:03.780]that could use some attention
[01:39:06.047]and observation when we're applying pesticides.
[01:39:10.750]And if you go to that web address there,
[01:39:12.920]that's the Department of Agriculture Pesticide Program.
[01:39:16.280]There are links on that page
[01:39:17.780]to both to the EPA site as well as university information
[01:39:23.690]and if you have additional questions,
[01:39:25.050]you can call any one of those numbers.
[01:39:27.510]Thank you.
[01:39:30.030]Welcome back.
[01:39:31.470]So, now I'd like to talk a little bit about groundwater
[01:39:34.290]and how groundwater works.
[01:39:36.970]So, we have surface water
[01:39:38.790]and that's our lakes, rivers, and oceans.
[01:39:42.480]And then when we have precipitation or irrigation,
[01:39:46.550]melting snow, that water will seep through the soil
[01:39:51.294]and that is the recharge of our groundwater.
[01:39:54.820]And that reaches our water table,
[01:39:56.390]which is the upper level
[01:39:57.520]of the water-saturated zone underground.
[01:40:00.450]And that ultimately leads to the aquifers,
[01:40:04.060]which is where most of the drinking water
[01:40:07.190]in Nebraska comes from.
[01:40:08.550]And so it's very important for us
[01:40:10.004]to protect our groundwater from pesticide contamination.
[01:40:14.292]So, there's a couple different types of water pollution
[01:40:19.860]that we talk about and the first one
[01:40:21.620]is called point source pollution.
[01:40:23.660]And so that's from a direct, identifiable source.
[01:40:27.920]So, this is gonna be from things
[01:40:30.280]like pesticide spills and leaks,
[01:40:34.149]accidental back-siphoning when you're filling your sprayer
[01:40:37.850]or even worse if you're doing chemigation
[01:40:41.040]directly into that center pivot.
[01:40:44.130]It can occur from improper handling
[01:40:46.520]and disposal of pesticide residues
[01:40:49.020]or leftovers near water resources.
[01:40:51.350]And so it's very easy to determine
[01:40:54.990]where that pollution came from with point source.
[01:40:58.140]On the other hand, we have non-point source pollution,
[01:41:01.230]and this type of water pollution occurs from a wider area.
[01:41:07.560]It's often associated with agricultural pesticide spraying,
[01:41:14.150]where an entire field, many acres
[01:41:16.484]of land are being sprayed with a pesticide.
[01:41:19.600]And so it's more difficult
[01:41:21.020]to nail down the exact origin of that contamination.
[01:41:27.510]And so non-point source pollution tends
[01:41:30.270]to be a big problem in agricultural pesticide spraying
[01:41:34.080]and those pesticides can end up in our surface water.
[01:41:40.900]So, as applicators, we wanna keep the pesticides
[01:41:44.410]out of both surface water
[01:41:46.190]and groundwater as much as we possibly can.
[01:41:48.810]And so, what are some things that we can do to do this?
[01:41:51.950]Well one is use Integrated Pest Management.
[01:41:56.900]Use pesticides as a last resort in pest control,
[01:41:59.560]and do other cultural and mechanical things beforehand
[01:42:03.250]to minimize the use of pesticides in the first place.
[01:42:07.369]Next, when we're at a site to apply pesticides,
[01:42:12.020]consider the geology of that site.
[01:42:14.330]How high up is the water table there?
[01:42:16.400]Are there sinkholes nearby that we need to worry about?
[01:42:20.040]Think about the soil characteristics
[01:42:21.720]of the particular site that you're spraying.
[01:42:25.400]Is this soil going to be susceptible
[01:42:28.070]to leaching pesticides into it?
[01:42:30.449]And then on that same note,
[01:42:32.723]when you're choosing the pesticide to apply,
[01:42:37.840]which pesticides are susceptible
[01:42:40.210]to leaching into the soil and which ones aren't?
[01:42:42.640]There are some that are more susceptible
[01:42:46.020]to that than others.
[01:42:46.870]And so choosing the right pesticide
[01:42:49.390]to minimize those chances is hugely important.
[01:42:53.950]And then of course, as always,
[01:42:55.930]we need to follow our label directions
[01:42:57.700]on the product label as closely as we can,
[01:43:01.159]and that will significantly help us
[01:43:05.057]to avoid contaminating our water resources.
[01:43:09.454]This is a huge one, and it seems obvious,
[01:43:14.380]but it's very important to maintain an air gap
[01:43:17.250]when you're maybe mixing a tank load of pesticides.
[01:43:21.810]Keep your water hose out of the mixture,
[01:43:25.410]keep that air gap between it and the mixture
[01:43:28.100]and that will prevent back flow
[01:43:29.870]and contaminating that hose for future use,
[01:43:33.780]whatever that may be.
[01:43:35.320]You can also install back-siphoning valves
[01:43:38.101]on your water system to further prevent
[01:43:41.312]that back-siphon and protect those water resources.
[01:43:48.050]Avoid spills, of course, this sounds obvious.
[01:43:50.500]But, and spills will happen.
[01:43:54.000]They still will happen, but do your best to avoid them.
[01:43:56.410]If they do happen, you need to be able to know what to do,
[01:44:00.825]clean them up as quickly as possible
[01:44:03.800]and as safely as possible.
[01:44:06.700]Dispose of excess pesticide wastes in the correct way.
[01:44:12.220]Pressure or triple-rising your empty containers,
[01:44:17.360]using rinsewater in your load
[01:44:19.940]instead of dumping it in a ditch or whatever.
[01:44:23.800]Those things count a lot in protecting the water,
[01:44:27.170]and ultimately storing pesticides safely away
[01:44:31.770]from potential water sources that they could contaminate,
[01:44:35.720]denying access to those pesticides by unauthorized people.
[01:44:42.210]And I want to touch on one specific example,
[01:44:46.560]one pesticide that gets a lot of attention
[01:44:49.500]in terms of water contamination is atrazine.
[01:44:53.070]Atrazine tends to be very persistent in the environment,
[01:44:55.780]it doesn't decay very quickly.
[01:44:58.490]The government monitors atrazine levels
[01:45:00.620]in both surface water and community drinking water systems
[01:45:04.290]because it's that big of a deal.
[01:45:06.840]And so if you're using atrazine,
[01:45:08.930]you need to pay special attention to its label
[01:45:12.148]and those setback distances that are laid out on the label.
[01:45:17.980]You have to stay a certain amount of distance away
[01:45:21.610]from wells, whether or not they're abandoned
[01:45:23.560]or still in use, and avoid surface water
[01:45:28.100]and run off areas when you're using atrazine.
[01:45:31.000]And so ultimately, the responsible use of atrazine
[01:45:35.020]and following those label directions is what's going to keep
[01:45:37.854]that product registered for use by you.
[01:45:42.790]And lastly, I wanna say a few words
[01:45:44.670]about endangered and threatened species.
[01:45:48.360]Pesticide labels will often direct applicators
[01:45:51.250]to consult the online bulletins by EPA
[01:45:55.280]that will have special precautionary measures
[01:45:58.287]that are required if those measures
[01:46:02.590]are on a bulletin online,
[01:46:04.530]then you are required to follow those.
[01:46:06.880]They are actually part of the label.
[01:46:09.450]And so, just thinking about the endangered
[01:46:12.970]and threatened species in Nebraska, we wanna protect them
[01:46:17.600]because they're on their way out, basically.
[01:46:21.380]And not only directly harming them
[01:46:25.270]with the pesticides is a problem,
[01:46:27.080]but also destruction of their habitat by pesticides,
[01:46:31.490]which could be, you know,
[01:46:32.680]a herbicide application might destroy vegetation
[01:46:35.460]that's important to a bird for living.
[01:46:38.380]And so, just keeping all those things in mind
[01:46:40.660]with the endangered
[01:46:41.550]and threatened species is very important.
[01:46:43.820]Thank you.
[01:46:44.729](upbeat music)
[01:46:49.842]Hi, I wanna spend the next several minutes talking
[01:46:53.080]about pesticide risks and your health.
[01:46:56.480]Probably the best way
[01:46:57.313]to start off this conversation is to think
[01:46:59.520]about the different types of exposures.
[01:47:02.100]We generally think about either acute or chronic exposure.
[01:47:06.000]Acute exposures are those that will usually appear
[01:47:09.205]by some type of sign or symptom
[01:47:11.774]within the first 24 to 48 hours.
[01:47:15.050]Those are usually toxic kind of reactions
[01:47:17.730]that would be all the way from feeling ill
[01:47:20.510]to extreme respiratory reactions
[01:47:23.640]to even potentially death in real extreme cases.
[01:47:27.780]Gonna spend a little bit more time talking
[01:47:29.430]about the chronic type of exposures
[01:47:31.225]that you can get, those are smaller exposures
[01:47:34.080]that you receive day in and day out,
[01:47:37.911]just as you're doing your applications.
[01:47:40.240]And those can sometimes tend to accumulate
[01:47:42.797]and health effects can appear over time.
[01:47:46.680]Another thing to kinda keep in the back of your mind
[01:47:48.540]as you're thinking about health effects is the way
[01:47:51.850]that these exposures can happen.
[01:47:54.640]And as is being shown here,
[01:47:56.200]you've got your skin and eyes is a type of exposure.
[01:48:00.680]Inhalation or breathing it into your lungs,
[01:48:03.220]and then ingestion, by accidentally swallowing residues.
[01:48:07.450]The one that we pay the most attention to,
[01:48:09.820]that we can prevent the easiest is through skin protection.
[01:48:13.410]And that is where you get the majority of your exposures.
[01:48:16.710]However, depending on the particular type of pesticide
[01:48:19.231]that we're talking about,
[01:48:21.538]by swallowing it or breathing it,
[01:48:23.930]can actually have a more severe impact on your health.
[01:48:29.350]Another thing you can help, to help frame your thoughts
[01:48:31.820]on considering about health
[01:48:34.130]and pesticides is the signal words
[01:48:36.720]that you find on pesticide labels.
[01:48:38.860]As we start lower for the more caution,
[01:48:41.680]then warning, then danger labels,
[01:48:44.256]that'll help you gauge the toxicity.
[01:48:47.110]The caution is a lower toxicity
[01:48:49.970]and as you progress up to warning,
[01:48:51.800]then danger, those become more and more toxic.
[01:48:55.440]You can also look at the symbols
[01:48:57.170]that are on the newer labels
[01:48:59.170]and the more sides to the symbol, the greater the toxicity.
[01:49:04.840]Then there's other potential things
[01:49:06.800]that you can look for.
[01:49:08.010]Poison, the skull and crossbone.
[01:49:10.420]Flammable, corrosive, explosive.
[01:49:12.540]Those symbols can actually be combined
[01:49:14.890]with the toxicity symbols
[01:49:16.870]to give you an easy way to look at the pesticide
[01:49:19.412]that you plan to use
[01:49:20.960]and what the potential hazards might be.
[01:49:24.440]So, what we've been talking about here really are risk
[01:49:28.420]that you can have in being exposed to a pesticide.
[01:49:32.330]And so we consider the toxicity
[01:49:33.960]and we consider the exposure.
[01:49:36.303]The toxicity is often determined
[01:49:38.900]and there isn't a lot that you can do
[01:49:40.382]to help change that, but you can manage your exposure
[01:49:44.850]by using primarily PPE, and through your best practices.
[01:49:49.630]So keeping all those things in mind,
[01:49:51.670]you can help reduce your overall risk
[01:49:53.852]from exposure to pesticides.
[01:49:57.110]This is just a case study I wanted to mention
[01:49:59.120]to help you see how just having PPE
[01:50:03.200]isn't always the right solution.
[01:50:05.600]This was an example where the Nebraska Department of Ag
[01:50:08.750]received a complaint from an applicator
[01:50:11.650]who said he had been exposed to a fungicide.
[01:50:15.150]So the NDA came out, they did a test,
[01:50:17.930]and they found exposures there,
[01:50:21.320]that particular pesticide
[01:50:22.910]that is shown there is what they were looking for,
[01:50:25.440]but notice also that there was 2,4-D in large amounts.
[01:50:29.150]There was glyphosate, there was dicamba, and clopyralid.
[01:50:33.190]All of those chemicals at way higher levels
[01:50:36.160]than you would expect to find just by simply being exposed
[01:50:40.140]to a spray drift from an overhead aircraft
[01:50:44.150]or by a spray rig.
[01:50:46.070]Turns out, what the farmer had told the people
[01:50:48.550]from Nebraska Department of Ag is he kept his shirt
[01:50:50.988]on his tractor at all times
[01:50:52.730]so that whenever he was gonna do a pesticide application,
[01:50:55.430]he could put that on.
[01:50:56.850]So in the process of keeping his PPE handy,
[01:51:00.820]he was repeatedly exposing himself
[01:51:02.780]to all these different pesticides that were mentioned there,
[01:51:05.640]every time he put that shirt on.
[01:51:07.110]So, you need to be sure that your PPE is clean
[01:51:10.205]and that it's doing the job that it's intended to
[01:51:12.589]to help protect you.
[01:51:15.480]Wanna talk about the ag health study.
[01:51:17.570]Now I know many of you are not working in agriculture
[01:51:20.580]and I don't want you to just tune out
[01:51:22.107]as soon as I mention the word ag health study.
[01:51:25.130]This is a study that's been ongoing since the early '90s
[01:51:28.900]when they enrolled up to 90,000 pesticide applicators.
[01:51:33.250]And this one is an important study
[01:51:34.800]because it collected a large amount of data
[01:51:37.770]and to this time, they're continuing to go over that data
[01:51:42.354]and reach new conclusions.
[01:51:44.990]But basically how it works is that these 90,000 participants
[01:51:48.910]over time, just as any natural population of people would,
[01:51:53.630]they develop health effects that would just naturally occur
[01:51:58.243]in your life, but then based on their behaviors
[01:52:02.800]and their activities and which particular pesticides
[01:52:04.791]that they might have used during their lifetime,
[01:52:08.020]they were actually able to make inferences
[01:52:10.017]based on that and draw some conclusions.
[01:52:12.720]So that's what I wanna share with you today.
[01:52:14.775]Don't pay attention to the fact
[01:52:16.960]that it's an ag health study,
[01:52:18.330]pay attention to some of the findings that they found.
[01:52:23.020]Some of the interesting things, just overall.
[01:52:25.770]They found that participants actually had lower rates
[01:52:28.730]of cancer compared to the general population.
[01:52:31.494]However, there were some cancers
[01:52:33.150]that are listed there that were more common.
[01:52:35.450]Lip cancer, thyroid, prostate, and multiple myeloma.
[01:52:39.698]However, death rates for most cancers were lower
[01:52:42.155]in the health study participants,
[01:52:46.100]which was kind of interesting.
[01:52:48.270]They also found that participants who mixed pesticides,
[01:52:51.080]did repair of pesticide application equipment,
[01:52:54.480]or did frequent applications
[01:52:56.330]of insecticides were more likely
[01:52:58.820]to seek medical attention, which is a really good thing.
[01:53:01.140]That means they were aware of those potential hazards
[01:53:04.340]that they had by being around pesticides,
[01:53:06.700]so they often sought out protection when,
[01:53:09.503]or help when they felt they might have been exposed.
[01:53:13.870]Participants that could also,
[01:53:17.480]this study found that they were also too,
[01:53:20.290]could be exposed to pesticides just by living near them
[01:53:23.578]or by laundering pesticides
[01:53:25.380]that had been worn during pesticide applications.
[01:53:27.910]So there's a number of different outcomes
[01:53:30.330]from this health study that have been helpful
[01:53:33.330]in us in education and for applicators
[01:53:37.040]to better understand the situation.
[01:53:40.170]Wheeze was a big one that came out early on.
[01:53:43.020]One in five farmers reported to have wheeze.
[01:53:46.500]Wheeze is associated with raising animals,
[01:53:48.907]diesel tractors, or certain pesticides.
[01:53:53.690]So just daily use of diesel tractors alone
[01:53:56.650]was associated with increased lung cancer rates,
[01:53:59.440]for instance.
[01:54:00.273]So those of you that operate a diesel equipment
[01:54:03.103]as part of your job, you should pay attention to that.
[01:54:06.916]Some good news though.
[01:54:08.580]What we found is that Parkinson's Disease,
[01:54:11.840]many of you have heard was more common in applicators
[01:54:15.470]who had a whole lifetime of exposure
[01:54:18.070]to different pesticides or who had
[01:54:20.370]particular high exposure events sometime during their life.
[01:54:24.460]But the good news side of that is that those,
[01:54:27.422]the Parkinson's was not common in applicators
[01:54:30.296]who wore their protective gear
[01:54:33.440]and who practiced good workplace hygiene
[01:54:35.867]at the end of each day.
[01:54:37.520]So cleaning up and protecting yourself
[01:54:39.580]really does have an impact
[01:54:40.667]in helping to prevent these disease.
[01:54:43.090]To further support that idea, a couple of other outcomes.
[01:54:46.830]Farmers who wore chemical resistant gloves were 70%,
[01:54:50.586]had 70% less herbicide found in their urine
[01:54:54.370]when they measured that.
[01:54:56.730]Orchard farmers that wore gloves had 80% less fungicide
[01:55:00.670]on their hands.
[01:55:01.503]So just merely by putting protective gloves
[01:55:04.220]on reduce potential exposure by 70,
[01:55:07.300]80% by folks in this particular study.
[01:55:12.460]We've learned that diabetes is associated with pesticides.
[01:55:15.783]It's more common with greater use
[01:55:18.170]of organochlorine insecticides.
[01:55:20.390]Now those are an older class of insecticides,
[01:55:24.120]but for those of us that were around when those were in use,
[01:55:27.440]that does increase the risk of diabetes.
[01:55:30.960]Also, pregnant women that were exposed to pesticides
[01:55:36.300]during the early part of their pregnancy
[01:55:38.074]had an increased risk for developing diabetes later.
[01:55:43.170]Then there's a number of different chemicals listed there
[01:55:47.420]that were associated with different cancers.
[01:55:51.524]For instance, malathion and terbufos,
[01:55:54.120]which is Counter, were more likely
[01:55:57.230]to develop an aggressive form of prostate cancer.
[01:56:00.580]Permethrin, diazinon, and terbufos are associated
[01:56:04.660]with certain forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
[01:56:08.710]And then alachor is associated
[01:56:10.220]with higher rates of laryngeal cancer.
[01:56:13.680]Now, I want you to understand
[01:56:14.960]that associations are not cause and effect.
[01:56:18.290]Association means something related to that application
[01:56:21.730]or that exposure to those chemicals increase the risk
[01:56:25.410]for some of those people that were engaged
[01:56:28.190]in that with these particular cancers.
[01:56:30.840]In every one of these cases of association,
[01:56:33.610]they also indicated that additional studies were needed
[01:56:36.930]to draw that conclusion tighter.
[01:56:39.888]The last thing I think I wanna share
[01:56:41.970]with you here related to the ag health study is that early
[01:56:44.760]in the study, they went into the homes of these participants
[01:56:47.787]and they sampled surfaces, carpets, things like that.
[01:56:53.120]And looked for pesticides inside those homes.
[01:56:56.190]And what they found was in almost every case,
[01:56:58.793]glyphosate, atrazine, and 2,4-D found in homes.
[01:57:02.550]So, the message there, take home, is you might say,
[01:57:05.660]well I don't use those particular chemicals,
[01:57:07.710]I don't need to worry about it.
[01:57:09.190]But what this really tells is that somehow,
[01:57:11.714]those applicators were bringing those chemicals
[01:57:14.220]into their homes at the end of the day,
[01:57:16.490]so when I learned about this outcome,
[01:57:18.570]I started advising people some really simple things.
[01:57:21.740]Changing clothes before you go into your living space.
[01:57:24.912]Leaving your boots or shoes at the door.
[01:57:29.090]Washing up at the end of the day
[01:57:30.355]before you go into the family living quarters
[01:57:33.240]and the kitchens and places like that.
[01:57:35.580]Before you have a chance to bring those pesticide residues
[01:57:38.640]into the home, you leave them outside
[01:57:40.471]or leave them in the laundry area
[01:57:42.360]so that you reduce that potential risk
[01:57:44.940]for exposure later on inside the home.
[01:57:48.350]There's a link for additional information
[01:57:50.220]about this ag health study.
[01:57:52.060]You can also just do a Google search
[01:57:53.740]for agricultural health study
[01:57:55.173]and there's a couple of good websites
[01:57:57.500]that will turn up that give you
[01:57:59.560]a lot of good additional information.
[01:58:01.865]The last thing I wanna update on related to health
[01:58:04.850]and pesticides is related to some of what you've heard
[01:58:07.878]in the news about glyphosate.
[01:58:09.950]And it was a little bit confusing, actually.
[01:58:12.750]The International Agency for Research on Cancer,
[01:58:16.100]the IARC, classified glyphosate
[01:58:21.030]as a probably carcinogenic to humans.
[01:58:24.940]So I wanted to go into this a little bit in detail,
[01:58:27.310]so you understand what that finding actually represents.
[01:58:31.240]And what they did when they looked at this potential risk
[01:58:34.360]or hazard was they simply looked
[01:58:36.430]at the hazard of the chemical only.
[01:58:39.160]They didn't consider the exposure level.
[01:58:41.600]And they simply asked the question,
[01:58:43.530]can it cause cancer, ever?
[01:58:45.970]And the answer to that in this case, they believed was yes.
[01:58:49.190]So they classified it as a probable carcinogenic chemical.
[01:58:53.720]Now, if you look at other things
[01:58:55.360]that IARC have concluded that are,
[01:59:00.190]that do cause cancer, include cigarette smoke,
[01:59:03.030]arsenic, salami, bacon, and hot dogs.
[01:59:06.800]So, you do have to kinda keep that in mind.
[01:59:09.224]There's a chart that lists the group one there,
[01:59:13.400]that causes cancer, group 2A, probable,
[01:59:17.820]that includes glyphosate,
[01:59:19.470]also includes pork, beef, and lamb meat.
[01:59:23.330]And then 2,4-D there is a possible causing cancer.
[01:59:28.980]I think if you put this in the context
[01:59:31.220]of what if it causes accidents as group one,
[01:59:34.680]and probably doesn't cause accidents as group four.
[01:59:37.790]If you think about it that way,
[01:59:39.530]then you would have to put banana peels
[01:59:42.020]and automobiles in that causes accidents category.
[01:59:46.900]I don't mean to say that to make it sound silly,
[01:59:49.305]but you can all immediately start to say,
[01:59:52.230]well I can drive a car and still be safe,
[01:59:54.580]and that's absolutely true.
[01:59:56.010]I can see a banana peel on the ground and not step on it
[01:59:58.368]and I'm not gonna have accident.
[02:00:00.710]So even though the hazard potential is there,
[02:00:04.010]it doesn't necessarily mean that
[02:00:05.290]that accident is gonna happen.
[02:00:07.390]In a similar way, that's how their conclusion was drawn.
[02:00:11.640]Now contrast that with the Environmental Protection Agency's
[02:00:14.439]risk assessment for glyphosate.
[02:00:16.990]They concluded that glyphosate is not likely
[02:00:19.531]to be carcinogenic to humans.
[02:00:22.200]So how could that be?
[02:00:23.033]How could two different groups come up
[02:00:24.680]with totally different conclusions?
[02:00:26.400]Well the answer is listed there
[02:00:28.110]that EPA asked the question can it cause cancer first
[02:00:33.260]and what level of exposure is expected
[02:00:36.107]to answer their ultimate question,
[02:00:38.780]is that exposure likely to result in cancer?
[02:00:42.000]And their conclusion was that it would not,
[02:00:44.411]or wasn't likely to.
[02:00:46.270]So hopefully this information will be helpful for you
[02:00:50.230]in the future to both know that there are risks out there.
[02:00:54.410]We have known risks.
[02:00:55.989]We can help perhaps to interpret these kinds of reports
[02:01:00.540]that come out a little bit easier and,
[02:01:04.170]but the important message, I think, for you
[02:01:06.190]to take home is that in the end, there are things
[02:01:08.520]that you can do to help reduce
[02:01:11.170]that potential risk to being exposed to pesticides.
[02:01:15.990]Thank you.
[02:01:16.823](upbeat music)
[02:01:21.700]Hi, I'm Jan Hyngstrom
[02:01:23.070]with the Pesticide Safety Education Program
[02:01:25.310]of Nebraska Extension.
[02:01:29.100]Today, I'm gonna be talking
[02:01:30.290]about Personal Protective Equipment, PPE
[02:01:33.360]and we'll cover how to select PPE,
[02:01:35.650]how to know what type to wear,
[02:01:37.420]and also a little bit about care and storage.
[02:01:43.230]Always follow the label requirements
[02:01:46.170]in terms of what PPE to use.
[02:01:48.500]That's the minimum amount of PPE you should use.
[02:01:50.840]You can always wear more.
[02:01:53.210]And the label has the PPE requirements
[02:01:56.560]based on the toxicity of the pesticide you're using.
[02:01:59.630]Something that has a signal word
[02:02:01.240]of caution would not require as much PPE
[02:02:04.130]as something that has a signal word of danger.
[02:02:06.910]Also, the label requirements are based on the formulation.
[02:02:10.970]A dust formulation, for example,
[02:02:12.750]might require respiratory protection,
[02:02:15.090]while a liquid might require something
[02:02:17.470]that gives you eye protection.
[02:02:19.830]Another factor that the PPE requirements are based on
[02:02:23.360]is what you're doing when you're using the pesticide.
[02:02:26.760]If you're measuring, or mixing, or loading,
[02:02:28.940]you'll be working with a concentrate,
[02:02:31.240]which has more risk to it
[02:02:32.600]than if you're working with a diluted formulation.
[02:02:35.350]If you're applying or cleaning equipment,
[02:02:37.330]you're going to be using or being exposed
[02:02:40.000]to the dilute formulation or to residues,
[02:02:42.700]so there would be less risk.
[02:02:45.960]What I thought we'd do tody is just go through
[02:02:48.530]and read an actual label, and see if we can decipher
[02:02:51.890]what sort of PPE is needed and why.
[02:02:54.770]So in the label,
[02:02:56.460]look under the area called precautionary statements.
[02:03:00.530]And here it says hazards to humans and domestic animals.
[02:03:04.160]And you see the signal word is caution,
[02:03:06.240]so that's the, has the least risk of the three signal words,
[02:03:10.120]caution, warning, and danger.
[02:03:12.230]And underneath that it says harmful if swallowed.
[02:03:15.120]So we know there that there's a potential risk
[02:03:18.320]if there's ingestion occurring.
[02:03:20.720]Also, it says do not breathe dust or spray mist,
[02:03:24.540]so we know there's a problem
[02:03:26.630]if there's an inhalation exposure.
[02:03:28.860]And finally, it says avoid contact
[02:03:30.540]with eyes, skin, or clothing.
[02:03:32.520]So there's a problem with dermal exposure.
[02:03:36.000]Underneath that then it says it will cover the PPE required.
[02:03:39.490]The Personal Protective Equipment.
[02:03:42.190]And the first thing it says here
[02:03:43.650]is that some materials are chemical-resistant.
[02:03:46.980]So what do we mean by chemical-resistant?
[02:03:50.240]It means that the material provides a barrier
[02:03:52.931]between your skin and any chemicals.
[02:03:55.560]It prevents the chemicals from reaching your skin.
[02:03:58.140]Some examples are PVC plastic or rubber
[02:04:01.350]or nitrile or barrier laminate,
[02:04:04.510]or even some non-woven coated fabrics.
[02:04:07.590]And something I wanted to stress is waterproof
[02:04:10.050]does not mean chemical-resistant.
[02:04:12.220]Waterproof means that it's,
[02:04:14.340]that water won't pass through it.
[02:04:16.030]It doesn't protect you against chemicals,
[02:04:18.120]so make sure you are using chemical-resistant materials
[02:04:21.410]if it's required.
[02:04:23.470]Okay, and when you do have chemical-resistant materials
[02:04:26.370]such as gloves or aprons,
[02:04:28.300]check it frequently for signs
[02:04:30.260]of wearing or if it's degrading.
[02:04:32.490]And some indicators are if there's color change,
[02:04:34.834]or if it's brittle or spongy, or if it's cracked or swollen.
[02:04:39.010]If you see any of those signs,
[02:04:40.330]go ahead and get a replacement.
[02:04:44.650]Something to avoid when using even granules
[02:04:48.340]or dusts because they can absorb the pesticides as well.
[02:04:53.660]Avoid leather or denim or cotton or lined gloves.
[02:04:57.500]I do have an asterisk by cotton,
[02:04:59.128]because there are some pesticides
[02:05:00.708]that do require you to use cotton.
[02:05:03.820]An example would be some fumigants.
[02:05:06.330]If you would have the pesticide trapped
[02:05:08.700]in between a chemical-resistant glove and your hand,
[02:05:12.134]the vapors could cause some burns to your skin,
[02:05:15.380]so that's a situation where they want you
[02:05:17.620]to wear cotton gloves.
[02:05:19.030]So make sure you always read the label
[02:05:20.740]and see what will work best.
[02:05:23.350]All right, let's continue with this label.
[02:05:25.720]Here it says, mixers, loaders,
[02:05:27.860]and cleaners of spills, and other handlers,
[02:05:30.270]exposed to the concentrate,
[02:05:31.760]so remember the concentrate has more risk
[02:05:35.116]associated with it.
[02:05:37.000]So if you have the potential for being exposed
[02:05:39.180]to concentrate, you must wear coverall
[02:05:41.760]over long-sleeved shirt and pants.
[02:05:44.330]So what do we mean by coverall?
[02:05:46.276]The EPA has given us a good definition.
[02:05:49.570]A coverall is a loose-fitting one or two piece garment
[02:05:52.650]that covers the entire body, except it doesn't need
[02:05:55.540]to cover you head, neck, hands, or feet.
[02:05:58.230]And this means, for a garment,
[02:06:00.360]it can be cloth.
[02:06:01.320]It does not have to be Tyvek
[02:06:02.900]or chemical resistant material,
[02:06:04.770]but remember you can always go that extra step.
[02:06:08.570]The label is the minimum requirement.
[02:06:10.300]So if it says coverall,
[02:06:11.660]you can indeed wear a chemical-resistant coverall.
[02:06:16.410]The label also may specify
[02:06:18.240]that coveralls be worn over clothing,
[02:06:20.059]and this label had said
[02:06:23.200]wear over long-sleeved shirt and long pants.
[02:06:27.280]Okay, the next thing it says is that people
[02:06:30.870]who might be exposed to the concentrate
[02:06:33.070]have to wear chemical-resistant gloves, okay?
[02:06:35.740]And then it gives you an example
[02:06:37.830]for the gloves, such as barrier laminate,
[02:06:40.740]and here it can be any weight of barrier laminate.
[02:06:43.940]And then it says, another, a number of other materials.
[02:06:47.910]Butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber,
[02:06:51.450]natural rubber, polyethylene, PVC, and Viton,
[02:06:55.910]but they have to be at least 14 mils
[02:06:58.730]to provide more protection.
[02:07:00.950]Anything less than 14 mils
[02:07:02.480]is usually considered disposable in terms of a glove.
[02:07:06.490]So I do have some examples of gloves here
[02:07:08.790]for you to see so we can talk about them a little bit.
[02:07:11.690]The first one here, the green,
[02:07:12.910]is a reusable nitrile.
[02:07:14.410]It's 15 mil, so you can see that would be appropriate
[02:07:17.550]to wear, and I did some pricing
[02:07:19.480]and that, to give you an idea
[02:07:20.620]is about two and a quarter a pair.
[02:07:23.310]And underneath it you see the blue,
[02:07:25.340]those are disposable nitriles.
[02:07:27.000]Those are commonly used,
[02:07:28.107]but in this case, they wouldn't be acceptable.
[02:07:30.680]They're only 3.7 mils.
[02:07:32.492]Those are disposable.
[02:07:33.820]They're about 10 cents a piece.
[02:07:35.230]You can buy a box of 100 of them,
[02:07:37.420]and just pull them out with the appropriate pesticide,
[02:07:40.520]use them, and then you can just throw them away.
[02:07:43.160]Above that is neoprene.
[02:07:44.600]This is a pretty heavy one.
[02:07:45.750]It's a 30 mil, so definitely this would work.
[02:07:48.370]Offers very good protection.
[02:07:50.107]Almost 16 dollars a pair, so they will last quite a while.
[02:07:54.570]Next to it is butyl rubber,
[02:07:56.005]and this one is 28 and a half dollars,
[02:07:58.670]so more expensive.
[02:08:00.040]And remember, I said the barrier laminate,
[02:08:01.980]you could wear any weight of that.
[02:08:04.040]This one is only 2.7 mils, so very lightweight,
[02:08:07.530]but still it provides excellent protection.
[02:08:10.340]And that's about six and a half dollars for a pair of those.
[02:08:12.996]So that's, just gives you an idea
[02:08:14.930]of what some of these gloves are
[02:08:16.590]and the costs and what they look like.
[02:08:19.600]Okay, next we'll look at, if you might be exposed
[02:08:23.860]to the concentrate, you must wear protective eyewear,
[02:08:26.970]shielded safety glasses,
[02:08:28.870]face shields, goggles, or a full-face respirator.
[02:08:32.284]Okay?
[02:08:33.950]And here we have some pictures of them.
[02:08:35.890]And notice, I didn't say
[02:08:37.110]prescription eyeglasses or sunglasses.
[02:08:40.702]They allow pesticides or vapors to get in on the sides
[02:08:44.300]or underneath, so those wouldn't be appropriate.
[02:08:49.470]All right, moving on.
[02:08:50.690]If you might be exposed to the concentrate,
[02:08:52.970]you must wear chemical-resistant footwear plus socks.
[02:08:56.430]So chemical-resistant footwear
[02:08:58.080]includes chemical-resistant shoes,
[02:08:59.967]chemical-resistant boots, or there are chemical-resistant,
[02:09:03.420]let's call them booties.
[02:09:04.350]That you can pull over your regular shoes.
[02:09:07.040]And don't ever try and wear sandals, or cloth, or leather.
[02:09:10.810]They just will not provide the protection you need
[02:09:13.140]in this case.
[02:09:15.600]So moving on, also if you might be exposed
[02:09:19.960]to the concentrate,
[02:09:21.130]you must wear a chemical-resistant apron.
[02:09:23.195]Remember in previous trainings, you've heard
[02:09:26.340]that the groin area is an area
[02:09:28.260]that is especially susceptible to absorption by pesticides.
[02:09:32.080]That's why the chemical-resistant apron is so important
[02:09:34.960]for mixers and loaders.
[02:09:38.258]And next, if you might be exposed to the concentrate
[02:09:41.583]for this particular pesticide,
[02:09:43.910]you must wear a NIOSH-approved
[02:09:45.720]dust mist filtering respirator
[02:09:47.735]with any N, R, P, or HE filter
[02:09:51.623]or a NIOSH-approved dust mist filtering respirator
[02:09:55.380]with approval number prefix TC-21C.
[02:09:59.210]So what in the world does that mean?
[02:10:01.320]We're gonna decipher that, okay?
[02:10:03.670]But first, I wanted to talk a little bit
[02:10:05.950]about the types of respirators.
[02:10:07.520]There's two main types.
[02:10:08.740]An air-purifying and an air-supplying.
[02:10:11.970]And first let's talk about the air-purifying.
[02:10:14.410]These are ones where you're just breathing the ambient air
[02:10:18.070]and the air is going in through some filters
[02:10:20.600]that's doing the purifying.
[02:10:22.630]Some examples of those are in the bottom corner,
[02:10:25.020]you see those filtering face masks,
[02:10:28.370]or we sometimes call them a dust mask.
[02:10:31.380]Next to it is a half-mask respirator.
[02:10:34.480]And it has some filters on the side.
[02:10:36.560]The next picture are some different cartridges
[02:10:39.040]that offer protection.
[02:10:40.860]Next we have the full-face mask respirator.
[02:10:44.840]And then next to it is another,
[02:10:46.400]these are all air-purifying respirators
[02:10:48.420]and now they take the ambient air
[02:10:50.500]when you inhale and filter out,
[02:10:53.060]before it reaches you.
[02:10:54.520]The next one is a little different one.
[02:10:56.120]It's called a Powered Air Purifying Respirator or a PAPR.
[02:11:01.110]And you can see there's a little battery
[02:11:02.860]that he's wearing around his waist.
[02:11:05.480]The battery powers a fan that draws in air,
[02:11:09.770]that goes through the tube,
[02:11:11.205]into the mask, so air is constantly flowing.
[02:11:14.680]In this case, he's wearing a helmet.
[02:11:16.940]The air is constantly flowing through and underneath
[02:11:19.804]and going out down underneath the mask.
[02:11:22.810]So something I wanted to mention was the previous masks
[02:11:26.110]that I talked about, the half-mask, and the full-face mask,
[02:11:30.910]they have a tight seal around.
[02:11:32.580]We don't want any air to enter underneath.
[02:11:35.180]But it's a little different with some of the PAPRs,
[02:11:37.680]the Powered Air Purifying Respirators.
[02:11:40.250]The helmets and hoods do have air flowing in through,
[02:11:43.870]underneath and escaping.
[02:11:46.950]And so in those cases, you don't,
[02:11:48.880]it is not considered a tight-fitting.
[02:11:50.710]Instead that's a loose-fitting respirator.
[02:11:52.890]And we'll talk about that a little bit more
[02:11:54.470]and you'll understand the difference.
[02:11:57.380]Finally, we have the other type,
[02:11:59.230]the air-supplying respirator.
[02:12:01.180]This you carry the air either in a tank on your back
[02:12:04.380]or there might be a compressor that has an air line to it.
[02:12:07.860]So you're absolutely,
[02:12:09.210]or you're actually inhaling purified air.
[02:12:12.970]So that's the difference
[02:12:13.930]between the air-purifying and the air-supplying.
[02:12:16.320]Air-supplying is something you'd probably be using
[02:12:18.450]more in a fumigation situation.
[02:12:21.050]They're more expensive,
[02:12:22.930]more training is required, and in that situation,
[02:12:26.419]fumigation, that's why the Nebraska Department
[02:12:29.790]of Agriculture really recommends you hire a professional
[02:12:32.870]for those type of applications.
[02:12:36.186]Okay, so then, we have a couple different kinds of filters.
[02:12:41.660]One is the particulate filter.
[02:12:43.390]And here we have an example of one.
[02:12:45.450]The particulate filters filter out small dust particles
[02:12:50.630]or they can actually filter out small mist particles.
[02:12:54.170]They don't do anything for gases.
[02:12:56.473]And what we're really concerned about
[02:12:58.630]with particulate filters is how they react
[02:13:00.940]or how they handle oil.
[02:13:02.440]And what do I mean by oil?
[02:13:04.340]Well, we have a definition.
[02:13:05.710]Mineral, vegetable, and synthetic substances,
[02:13:08.770]and animal and vegetable fats that are generally slippery,
[02:13:11.740]combustible, viscous, liquid at room temperatures,
[02:13:15.100]and soluble in various organic solvents, but not in water.
[02:13:19.020]Okay and why are we concerned about that?
[02:13:21.110]Some pesticides do have oils in them
[02:13:23.960]or there might be a formulation that contains oils.
[02:13:27.150]So the particulate filters
[02:13:28.282]may have to be able to handle that.
[02:13:31.210]So we have three ratings in terms of particulate filters.
[02:13:34.470]It might have an N, meaning it's not resistant to oil,
[02:13:38.350]that it won't keep oil out.
[02:13:40.490]It's an R, which is somewhat resistant,
[02:13:43.010]it could last for up to eight hours.
[02:13:45.050]Or P is oil-proof.
[02:13:46.550]That means it can protect you against oils.
[02:13:50.050]Okay, so you see here is an example, it has a P.
[02:13:53.160]So that means it's oil-proof.
[02:13:55.640]And next besides those letters
[02:13:57.510]there are some numbers associated with the filters.
[02:14:00.360]For example, 95 means it removes 95%
[02:14:04.200]of particulates 0.3 microns or larger.
[02:14:07.770]So what in the world is a micron?
[02:14:10.270]I found a really nice EPA graphic here.
[02:14:13.100]You can see at the bottom, there's some fine beach sand.
[02:14:16.110]And think about it.
[02:14:16.943]You can hold sand in your hand
[02:14:18.511]and see the granules with your naked eye.
[02:14:22.070]And those are about 90 microns in diameter.
[02:14:25.080]Above that, there's a human hair,
[02:14:26.876]and a human hair is about 50 to 70 microns in diameter.
[02:14:30.980]A horse hair, for example,
[02:14:32.160]might be a little bigger than that.
[02:14:35.850]Next, going down the hair, you see PM 10,
[02:14:40.090]that's less than 10 microns.
[02:14:43.980]Dust or pollen or mold would be in that size.
[02:14:47.890]And then up at the top, there are combustion particles,
[02:14:51.280]organic compounds, and metals
[02:14:54.720]that are less than 2.5 microns,
[02:14:57.150]so you can't see those without any assistance
[02:15:01.450]by microscopes or something.
[02:15:03.380]But remember, we were talking about things 0.3 microns
[02:15:06.730]or less, so even smaller than that, these filters will work.
[02:15:10.710]So let's go back to that.
[02:15:11.830]95 removes 95% of the particulates 0.3 microns or larger.
[02:15:17.550]99 removes 99% of the particulates,
[02:15:20.656]and 100, if it has a rating of 100,
[02:15:23.380]it removes 99.7% of those size particulates,
[02:15:27.990]which is basically all.
[02:15:30.560]Then there is one more rating you might see, it's HE.
[02:15:33.810]That means high efficiency
[02:15:35.141]and that's basically removing 99.7% of those particulates,
[02:15:41.140]three microns or larger.
[02:15:43.900]All right, so now, you remember I mentioned NIOSH?
[02:15:47.550]NIOSH means the National Institute
[02:15:50.040]of Occupational Safety and Health.
[02:15:52.650]And they do the testing on all respirators.
[02:15:55.265]And whenever you are using a respirator,
[02:15:58.080]it has to be NIOSH approved.
[02:15:59.580]And you'll actually see NIOSH on the respirator itself.
[02:16:03.300]And I wanted to go through some examples here.
[02:16:06.020]So there are the particulate filters,
[02:16:07.630]remember those filter out mists or dusts.
[02:16:11.360]And you'll see it's N, R, or P,
[02:16:13.760]95, 99, or 100, and you can see,
[02:16:17.040]here is an example, there's a P-100.
[02:16:20.110]And both of them are, just different shapes
[02:16:22.430]of different particulate filters.
[02:16:25.360]So these are examples of particulate filters.
[02:16:28.001]The first two are those filtering face piece respirators.
[02:16:32.755]And something I wanted to point out
[02:16:34.980]is notice both of them have two straps.
[02:16:38.420]You might see these in your hardware store.
[02:16:41.110]These are not, they're never going to be NIOSH approved.
[02:16:44.550]They only have one strap.
[02:16:46.140]You just can't get a good seal.
[02:16:48.030]Remember, I said these have to be tight-fitting.
[02:16:51.010]They need a tight-fitting seal.
[02:16:53.380]You just won't get that with this.
[02:16:55.730]So, if you see something with one strap,
[02:16:58.730]just forget about it, go right away to a two strap.
[02:17:02.520]The first one you can buy for $1.50 and that one, yeah.
[02:17:09.100]And you can see it says TC-84A.
[02:17:11.420]That means it's a particulate filter respirator.
[02:17:15.800]Next to it is a little higher priced,
[02:17:18.980]but more effective.
[02:17:20.480]The two straps are adjustable
[02:17:22.740]and also you see that yellow in the middle?
[02:17:25.460]That's an exhalation valve.
[02:17:27.170]So when you are inhaling and exhaling,
[02:17:31.010]it's an area where moisture can escape.
[02:17:33.700]Those range from three to nine dollars apiece.
[02:17:36.960]The more protection, such as like a,
[02:17:39.170]the P-100 probably would be more in the nine dollar range.
[02:17:44.070]And then finally, we have the full face mask respirator.
[02:17:48.560]And this one has two particulate filters on the bottom.
[02:17:51.980]You can see those pink or magenta filters.
[02:17:55.430]One thing really nice,
[02:17:56.720]and it's $125, so quite a bit more expensive.
[02:18:00.990]But one thing really nice about these is when you find one
[02:18:03.920]that fits, when you get one that fits,
[02:18:06.571]you can interchange different cartridges
[02:18:09.953]for those particulate filters and use it for a number
[02:18:14.360]of different purposes and a number of different pesticides.
[02:18:19.800]Okay, so we covered the particulate filters.
[02:18:22.340]Next we had the chemical cartridges,
[02:18:24.860]are TC, and I should say, T-C, means tested
[02:18:27.450]and certified by NIOSH.
[02:18:29.160]The TC-23C.
[02:18:30.745]And here you can see, first we have the black face,
[02:18:34.270]half-face respirator, the half mask.
[02:18:37.410]And this one, you can see it has a black cartridge.
[02:18:40.130]Those black cartridges mean
[02:18:42.450]that they will provide protection against organic vapors.
[02:18:46.240]And these cartridges are color-coded.
[02:18:48.057]Next to it is a full-face mask respirator,
[02:18:51.460]and it too has black cartridges.
[02:18:53.140]You can see the black along the edge.
[02:18:55.120]One thing I wanted to point out is,
[02:18:56.980]look especially, you can see the tight-fitting seal
[02:18:59.840]around that full-face mask, around his face.
[02:19:03.080]It does not allow air to enter underneath it.
[02:19:06.100]And up at the top, there's the black cartridge,
[02:19:08.014]and there's an example
[02:19:09.330]of another organic chemical cartridge.
[02:19:13.280]It's kind of an olive green.
[02:19:14.730]It also provides some protection against other gases.
[02:19:19.970]Okay, then, something that's really helpful
[02:19:23.590]is you can get combination filters.
[02:19:25.500]They will protect you against particulates
[02:19:28.030]as well as chemicals.
[02:19:30.260]And you get these cartridges to fit your respirator.
[02:19:36.010]Okay, next remember we talked about the PAPRs,
[02:19:38.450]the Powered Air Purifying Respirator.
[02:19:40.770]If it has a particulate filter, it's a TC-21C.
[02:19:44.540]And again, it has the battery pack.
[02:19:46.510]And down below, I have an example
[02:19:48.063]of the loose-fitting hood and helmet,
[02:19:51.331]and over on the side it's the tight-fitting full-face mask.
[02:19:56.960]Okay, so keep those in mind.
[02:20:00.270]All right, so now we've gone through.
[02:20:02.260]Now, we should be able to understand it.
[02:20:03.840]A NIOSH-approved dust mist filtering respirator.
[02:20:07.680]So we know NIOSH is the National Institute
[02:20:09.920]of Occupational Safety and Health,
[02:20:12.030]with any N, R, P, or HE filter.
[02:20:15.740]So that means that it doesn't,
[02:20:19.170]with this particular pesticide,
[02:20:20.940]there apparently aren't any oils involved
[02:20:23.000]because you can even use an N filter.
[02:20:25.200]What they're concerned about is the particulates.
[02:20:28.100]Okay, or you can use the NIOSH-approved
[02:20:30.660]dust mist filtering respirator
[02:20:32.860]with the approval number prefix TC-21C.
[02:20:35.850]So that was the PAPR with the particulate filters.
[02:20:41.260]So, that gives you an example
[02:20:44.490]of what a respirator information might be like on a label.
[02:20:49.310]Okay, then another type of respirator
[02:20:51.850]that you might consider is a gas mask with a canister.
[02:20:55.950]That's a TC-14G.
[02:20:58.210]Here you can see, it just has one canister
[02:21:00.240]down at the bottom.
[02:21:01.540]These are more expensive.
[02:21:02.880]The canisters themselves are more expensive.
[02:21:05.046]They might last longer.
[02:21:08.620]Then finally, there's the Self-Contained
[02:21:11.290]Breathing Apparatus, the SCBA.
[02:21:13.720]And here he's got it on his back.
[02:21:15.850]That's a TC-13F.
[02:21:19.730]Okay, so now some important things
[02:21:21.970]to think about respirators is when the label says
[02:21:25.260]you need to wear respirator,
[02:21:27.020]you do need to wear a respirator.
[02:21:29.460]But first, you have to have a medical evaluation.
[02:21:32.780]Wearing a respirator puts stress
[02:21:34.650]on your respiratory system and on your heart.
[02:21:37.890]So you have to have a medical evaluation
[02:21:40.560]to make sure you can handle it.
[02:21:42.380]If you have heart problems, if you have asthma,
[02:21:44.858]you might have to adjust
[02:21:46.970]or wear a different type of respirator.
[02:21:50.570]So after you have the medical evaluation
[02:21:52.700]and are cleared to be able to wear a respirator,
[02:21:55.230]you have to have a fit test.
[02:21:57.050]And what this fit test is,
[02:21:58.400]it's for those tight-fitting respirators,
[02:22:02.210]remember, we talked about.
[02:22:03.620]The fit test is for, you have to have one
[02:22:06.390]for every respirator that you will be using.
[02:22:09.720]And it's specific to not only the style and model,
[02:22:12.720]but the size.
[02:22:14.080]So you get fitted for each one and approved.
[02:22:17.510]And again, those loose-fitting,
[02:22:19.780]you don't need that tight seal,
[02:22:21.200]so you don't have to have the fit test.
[02:22:23.420]And you do, an example of that is the PAPR
[02:22:26.380]with the helmet and the hood.
[02:22:29.540]And here's what it looks like.
[02:22:31.730]The fit test, what it is,
[02:22:33.030]basically it's done once a year
[02:22:34.980]and with all the respirators that you would be using.
[02:22:39.270]And it's to, the test would be, if you're wearing it,
[02:22:43.210]you should not be able to smell
[02:22:44.810]or taste a chemical substance that is being waved around.
[02:22:50.020]And that might be a bitter taste or a saccharine taste.
[02:22:52.450]So that's what the fit test is.
[02:22:55.050]And finally, after you've gone through those,
[02:22:57.130]you have to annual training.
[02:22:59.200]And the training is to make sure you understand
[02:23:01.990]why you're wearing the respirator, how to put it on,
[02:23:05.510]how to take it off, how to maintain it, and how to clean it.
[02:23:10.560]And also how to know if it's not working.
[02:23:13.150]If you can taste or smell chemicals
[02:23:16.720]or if you start feeling sick to your stomach or nauseous,
[02:23:20.303]immediately get out into fresh air
[02:23:23.188]and take off the respirator and check it.
[02:23:26.450]So that's what the training is.
[02:23:27.800]And again, the training is annual.
[02:23:30.700]Okay, so now, something I wanted to talk about is,
[02:23:35.470]we'll do a seal check demonstration in a minute.
[02:23:38.270]Whenever you wear a respirator,
[02:23:39.990]you have to do a seal check.
[02:23:41.840]This helps you determine if that respirator,
[02:23:45.400]now you've already been fit tested,
[02:23:46.840]so we know that that size
[02:23:48.530]and that style fits your particular face shape.
[02:23:51.930]Whenever you put it on, you do a seal check
[02:23:54.440]to make sure that you've got it positioned properly
[02:23:56.847]on your face.
[02:23:58.292]And when you do a seal check,
[02:24:01.650]you should be wearing whatever PPE you need.
[02:24:04.360]If you're supposed to wear safety goggles or something,
[02:24:07.800]other eye protection, you should put that on.
[02:24:10.475]And if you do need to wear eye protection,
[02:24:12.320]wear the eye protection
[02:24:13.201]when you're doing the seal check as well.
[02:24:16.700]You do have to be clean-shaven
[02:24:18.700]so the seal is not compromised.
[02:24:21.020]A beard, beard stubble, mustache, stray hairs,
[02:24:24.240]or even a low hair line could prevent
[02:24:26.350]that mask from forming a tight seal against your face.
[02:24:29.950]And that would allow unfiltered air to be inhaled.
[02:24:32.663]And another example, piercings might interfere with that.
[02:24:36.920]Okay, now I'm gonna ask,
[02:24:38.260]Frank Bright is here from the PSEP program.
[02:24:41.070]Frank is gonna demonstrate a seal check
[02:24:43.050]with a half-mask respirator.
[02:24:45.130]Okay, Frank?
[02:24:46.180]And first what he's gonna do
[02:24:47.760]is he's gonna check the respirator
[02:24:49.227]for breaks or cracks or tears.
[02:24:53.030]And if everything looks good, and does it look okay?
[02:24:55.500]All right, all right so he's going
[02:24:57.170]to put the respirator on his face.
[02:24:59.100]He's gonna hold it up,
[02:25:00.770]and pull the top, in some, like this one, it's a halo shape.
[02:25:05.020]He's gonna pull that plastic strap
[02:25:06.760]over the top of his head and adjust it.
[02:25:09.507]Next, he's gonna connect the straps that go behind his neck,
[02:25:13.360]and pull the loose ends of the straps so they fit
[02:25:15.770]and they're comfortable.
[02:25:16.790]Don't make it too tight, okay?
[02:25:18.600]It has to be comfortable because you might be wearing
[02:25:20.730]that respirator for a couple of hours.
[02:25:23.350]Now, when Frank thinks he has a tight seal,
[02:25:26.450]you think you do?
[02:25:27.320]He's gonna perform a seal check.
[02:25:29.300]And one thing I wanted to say is if the manufacturer
[02:25:31.750]of the respirator has instructions,
[02:25:33.500]follow those instructions.
[02:25:35.160]For both the seal check and for putting it on.
[02:25:38.244]But these are basically some general instructions.
[02:25:41.260]So first, he's gonna do a positive seal check.
[02:25:44.180]He's gonna cover the exhalation valve
[02:25:46.150]in front of the respirator with his palm.
[02:25:48.140]And he's going to gently exhale.
[02:25:51.440]If he can do this without feeling
[02:25:54.440]or hearing a rush of air around the face plate,
[02:25:57.340]he has a good seal.
[02:25:58.340]Does that feel okay?
[02:25:59.450]All right, good.
[02:26:01.160]Then he's going to do a negative seal check.
[02:26:03.580]He's gonna cover the intake portion
[02:26:05.430]of each of the two cartridges with the palm
[02:26:07.380]of his hands and inhale gently.
[02:26:10.040]And if the seal is good, he should not be able to pull
[02:26:13.030]in any air through the face plate, and you can't?
[02:26:15.957]Okay, and he can't hear it either.
[02:26:17.680]Great.
[02:26:18.513]So that one fits him well.
[02:26:20.590]Okay, good.
[02:26:21.423]Thank you.
[02:26:22.320]All right, so if either the positive
[02:26:24.920]or negative seal check shows that the seal is not good,
[02:26:28.810]check carefully around the face plate
[02:26:30.440]for damages or obstructions.
[02:26:32.390]Now if you have hair in between,
[02:26:33.850]even hair at the top of your face,
[02:26:36.530]if that's underneath, that would also compromise the seal.
[02:26:40.160]So if you do think that it does not have a good seal,
[02:26:43.950]take the face mask off completely,
[02:26:45.860]check it over and put it on again.
[02:26:48.690]And keep any hair or anything out of the way
[02:26:51.180]and do the seal check again.
[02:26:53.300]In some cases, maybe something has changed
[02:26:57.090]in terms of your face.
[02:26:58.200]Maybe you've lost weight or gained weight.
[02:26:59.883]You'd have to get another fit test
[02:27:03.190]if you're gonna use a different respirator.
[02:27:06.200]Okay, if you're going to use a different size or style,
[02:27:08.690]I should say.
[02:27:11.150]Okay, and now you have to do a seal check
[02:27:14.000]for those disposable particulate filter masks as well.
[02:27:17.560]So, first check the manufacturer's instructions
[02:27:20.140]for the correct way to put it on if it has it.
[02:27:22.710]And they might have directions
[02:27:24.070]for their preferred method of doing a seal check.
[02:27:28.180]So Frank's gonna demonstrate.
[02:27:29.900]Using one hand, he'll put the respirator on his face
[02:27:32.570]with the nose piece at his finger tips
[02:27:35.050]and let the straps hang freely.
[02:27:36.900]Okay, then the nose piece, it should cover the bridge
[02:27:39.560]of his nose, and the respirator is,
[02:27:41.750]yep, it's cupping his chin.
[02:27:43.420]Now, pull the top strap over his head,
[02:27:46.230]and he's gonna rest that top strap high on the crown, good.
[02:27:49.900]All right, then pull the bottom strap over his head,
[02:27:52.690]and position it around his neck and below his ears.
[02:27:56.300]Okay, and he's made sure he's,
[02:27:58.430]he does not have the straps crisscrossed.
[02:28:01.660]Okay, now make sure that your nose and mouth
[02:28:05.490]are covered by the respirator
[02:28:07.010]and there shouldn't be any hair
[02:28:08.210]between your face and the edges of the respirator.
[02:28:11.850]Now this particular one and others do have a metal piece
[02:28:14.780]along the nose of the bridge, yeah,
[02:28:17.610]your nose bridge or bridge of the nose.
[02:28:19.790]So with both hands, Frank's going to press his fingertips
[02:28:23.380]on the metal band and he's gonna press down
[02:28:26.400]while moving his fingers outward.
[02:28:28.539]And this helps mold that mask for a tighter fit.
[02:28:32.879]Okay, so now you think you've got a pretty good seal?
[02:28:36.220]All right.
[02:28:37.260]What he's gonna do, is he's gonna put both hands
[02:28:39.400]over the respirator completely,
[02:28:42.360]and he's going to do a positive pressure seal check
[02:28:45.490]by gently exhaling,
[02:28:47.490]and he'll see if the face piece bulges slightly.
[02:28:50.480]And it should, because we want the air
[02:28:52.580]to be trapped in there.
[02:28:54.510]Okay, all right.
[02:28:56.660]Now he'll do a negative pressure seal check.
[02:28:59.210]He's gonna take a quick deep breath
[02:29:01.280]to see if the face piece collapses slightly.
[02:29:03.820]And he should feel the mask tighten against his face.
[02:29:07.160]You do?
[02:29:07.993]All right, great.
[02:29:08.940]And so during either test,
[02:29:10.580]if air leaks between your face or the edge
[02:29:12.850]of the respirator, if you can see it or feel it,
[02:29:15.830]you don't have a good seal.
[02:29:17.530]Try adjusting everything.
[02:29:19.850]All right, thanks a lot, Frank.
[02:29:23.970]Okay, so that is doing a seal check
[02:29:27.840]and we've done that with both the half mask
[02:29:30.880]and the filtering face piece or the dust masks.
[02:29:34.640]And remember, beards and mustaches will compromise the seal.
[02:29:38.728]You keep hair away from the seal.
[02:29:43.760]So, and again, those are only
[02:29:45.570]for the tight-fitting respirators,
[02:29:47.460]not for the loose-fitting respirators.
[02:29:49.590]So that might be a solution if you don't wanna get rid
[02:29:52.480]of your beard or if you can't get a good, tight fit.
[02:29:57.320]That loose-fitting respirators might be a way to go.
[02:30:01.960]All right, let's continue.
[02:30:03.590]Now we've covered if you're dealing
[02:30:05.660]with concentrates on the pesticide label.
[02:30:09.220]So let's move on to if you're using spray equipment mounted
[02:30:13.430]on your back, so the backpack sprayer.
[02:30:16.570]Here it says you must wear coveralls
[02:30:18.329]over long-sleeved shirt and long pants.
[02:30:22.400]And we've talked about that already.
[02:30:24.420]Remember, it does not have to be chemical-resistant,
[02:30:27.710]but it might actually be a good idea for a backpack sprayer.
[02:30:32.470]Then, next you have to wear chemical-resistant gloves,
[02:30:35.190]and notice this is the same
[02:30:36.900]as if you were using the concentrate.
[02:30:39.030]Any weight of barrier laminate,
[02:30:41.060]and 14 mils or more for the other materials.
[02:30:45.410]And this again is for the backpack sprayer.
[02:30:48.720]Then you must wear chemical-resistant footwear plus socks.
[02:30:52.440]That makes sense because often
[02:30:54.070]when you're using a backpack sprayer,
[02:30:55.650]you might be walking through
[02:30:57.050]or near something you've just sprayed.
[02:31:00.990]Okay, then all other applicators exposed
[02:31:06.280]to dilute pesticide of this particular product,
[02:31:10.510]so that would be the applicator, any other handlers,
[02:31:14.060]have to wear a long-sleeved shirt
[02:31:15.520]and pants and shoes plus socks.
[02:31:17.770]We consider that standard attire.
[02:31:19.455]If the pesticide label says nothing about PPE,
[02:31:23.560]we strongly recommend wearing long-sleeved shirt
[02:31:26.110]and pants and shoes and socks.
[02:31:28.050]Okay, that's considered standard attire.
[02:31:31.000]Then next you have to wear those chemical resistant gloves.
[02:31:34.280]The same thing goes.
[02:31:35.330]The barrier laminate of any weight
[02:31:37.685]or 14 mils or heavier of the other materials.
[02:31:43.910]Let's move on now.
[02:31:44.743]We've pretty much covered
[02:31:45.780]all this label has to say about PPE.
[02:31:48.400]Let's see what they have to say about cleaning
[02:31:49.970]and maintaining your equipment.
[02:31:53.140]Here it says follow manufacturer's instructions
[02:31:55.820]for cleaning and maintaining, and that's always the case
[02:31:58.825]for the particular piece of equipment you're using.
[02:32:02.420]If there are no directions,
[02:32:04.640]for washables use detergent and hot water.
[02:32:07.650]And always, when you're doing this type of laundry,
[02:32:10.660]wash your Personal Protective Equipment separate
[02:32:12.990]from your family laundry.
[02:32:14.180]You don't wanna cross-contaminate.
[02:32:16.680]Here is says discard clothing
[02:32:18.260]and other absorbent materials that have been drenched
[02:32:20.570]or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate.
[02:32:24.143]Don't try to reuse them.
[02:32:25.550]Don't try and wash them.
[02:32:26.622]It just takes so many launderings
[02:32:29.690]and you still might get that concentrate out.
[02:32:32.080]It's best for safety purposes just to get rid of it.
[02:32:35.280]Just dispose of it.
[02:32:37.790]Okay, now for cleaning respirators.
[02:32:39.390]We'll talk about this a little bit.
[02:32:41.310]The first thing you do to clean a respirator
[02:32:43.540]is take off the filters or cartridges.
[02:32:45.660]They might screw out or they might just snap out.
[02:32:48.416]And set those separately.
[02:32:50.330]You might put those just in their own sealed container.
[02:32:54.727]Then take that mask and wash and rinse it.
[02:32:58.470]And try and use, use a detergent
[02:33:01.549]and if the detergent isn't a sanitizer,
[02:33:04.664]remember when you're inhaling and exhaling,
[02:33:07.375]there's a potential for fungal spores
[02:33:10.380]or bacteria to build up eventually.
[02:33:12.813]So we wanna sanitize it.
[02:33:14.870]You could use two tablespoons of bleach
[02:33:17.430]in a gallon of water.
[02:33:19.150]Then after you're through washing and sanitizing it,
[02:33:21.820]make sure you rinse it thoroughly.
[02:33:23.580]You don't want any residues of the detergent
[02:33:26.300]or the bleach water because it might degrade the material
[02:33:31.300]that the respirator is made of.
[02:33:33.780]Also, your skin might react to it too.
[02:33:36.860]So rinse it thoroughly.
[02:33:38.540]And then it's important to air dry.
[02:33:41.350]And you can check for cracks or breaks at this time as well.
[02:33:46.160]And air dry, it has to be perfectly dry.
[02:33:48.860]Then you can put it in an air-tight bag or container.
[02:33:52.930]You don't wanna put it in moist
[02:33:54.250]because there again, you have potential for bacteria
[02:33:56.710]or mold to develop.
[02:33:59.230]So when you're storing it, it's really important
[02:34:01.760]to track the usage of these filters and cartridges.
[02:34:04.540]And so how do you know when to replace them?
[02:34:07.230]First off, look at what the manufacturer says.
[02:34:09.700]If the manufacturer says replace
[02:34:11.380]after four hours, that's it.
[02:34:13.350]If after eight hours or ten hours, follow that.
[02:34:16.260]If the manufacturer doesn't give any time limits
[02:34:19.300]or restrictions, we go by the general rule of eight hours.
[02:34:23.290]So if you wear it for two hours on Tuesday,
[02:34:25.900]and four hours on Thursday, that's six hours.
[02:34:29.010]There's two more hours you could use that particular set
[02:34:32.040]of filters or cartridges before you'd have to replace.
[02:34:35.730]However, if whenever you're using the filters or cartridges,
[02:34:40.493]if you have difficulty breathing or if you can taste
[02:34:43.503]or smell chemicals, that's the time to replace it, okay?
[02:34:47.670]That beats everything.
[02:34:50.770]All right, so finally for storage,
[02:34:53.390]you might think it's a good idea
[02:34:54.700]to store your PPE right next to the pesticides
[02:34:57.490]in case there's a problem,
[02:34:58.560]you can grab it and you're right there.
[02:35:00.440]But keep it away from it.
[02:35:01.750]You wouldn't want any vapors or any dust
[02:35:04.250]to contaminate your PPE.
[02:35:06.510]So store them separately from the pesticides.
[02:35:09.340]And also keep your PPE out of direct sunlight
[02:35:11.920]and out of extreme temperatures, extreme hot or cold
[02:35:16.260]because again, you don't want the PPE to wear down.
[02:35:19.860]And so that's all I have to talk about for PPE.
[02:35:22.690]Thanks a lot.
[02:35:23.523](upbeat music)
[02:35:28.760]Now that you've heard from a variety of experts,
[02:35:31.600]and on a variety of topics,
[02:35:33.320]we'll go over some last minute paperwork details
[02:35:35.870]for this training session.
[02:35:38.200]The $90 state licensing fee covers you
[02:35:41.680]as a commercial applicator for three years.
[02:35:44.530]It's paid on a per-person basis,
[02:35:46.430]not a per-category basis.
[02:35:48.830]And you need to already have a pesticide license
[02:35:51.780]to be able to recertify.
[02:35:54.820]There's no fee if you're a non-commercial applicator.
[02:35:59.380]If you would like to become a commercial applicator
[02:36:01.630]and are a non-commercial applicator,
[02:36:03.820]alls you need to do is pay the $90 fee
[02:36:06.320]and you'll be switched to a commercial applicator.
[02:36:09.499]So once you have completed the bubble form application,
[02:36:14.250]that gets mailed in to NDA,
[02:36:16.150]and they will provide a billing invoice to you.
[02:36:19.645]And then once that's been paid,
[02:36:21.850]the applicator, that gets mailed into the NDA.
[02:36:27.269]Once they receive payment of your license fee,
[02:36:30.853]the NDA will mail you your license card.
[02:36:34.120]If you have any more questions dealing
[02:36:36.410]with the NDA and the licensing processing,
[02:36:39.600]you can call 402-471-2394
[02:36:44.270]or 877-800-4080.
[02:36:52.223]So we'll, covering just a lot
[02:36:55.250]of different responsible techniques today.
[02:36:57.200]We'll just kinda touch on 'em.
[02:36:58.830]A few as just a last minute reminder.
[02:37:01.100]Using IPM, Integrated Pest Management,
[02:37:03.400]is a great idea across the board.
[02:37:05.950]You wanna always make sure to do that.
[02:37:08.110]Read and follow the label directions.
[02:37:09.830]We can't express enough how important the label is.
[02:37:14.260]It is the law.
[02:37:16.610]Know what you're applying.
[02:37:17.830]Be aware of your surroundings.
[02:37:19.570]Knowledge is a very powerful tool
[02:37:21.450]in applying pesticides in a safe manner.
[02:37:25.690]Make sure you use your proper PPE according to the label
[02:37:29.090]when applying and handling pesticides.
[02:37:31.650]Remember that not only can you be affected
[02:37:34.320]by mishandling of pesticides,
[02:37:35.810]but you can affect the health of your family,
[02:37:38.648]friends, and neighbors as well.
[02:37:41.890]If you have any more questions about pesticide safety,
[02:37:44.740]you can contact the UNL Pesticide Safety Education Program
[02:37:48.450]at 402-472-1632
[02:37:51.977]or 800-627-7216
[02:37:56.060]or visit us at pested.unl.edu.
[02:37:59.082](upbeat music)

The screen size you are trying to search captions on is too small!

You can always jump over to MediaHub and check it out there.

Comments

0 Comments

PSEP General Standards Recertification

Description

Searchable Transcript

Comments icon comment

Related Channels

Comments