PSEP General Standards Recertification

Nebraska Extension Author

11/25/2019 Added

9 Plays

Description

The General Standards category is required for anyone to become recertified to use restricted use pesticides or in some cases general use pesticides in Nebraska.

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[00:00:01.245](easygoing instrumental music)
[00:00:12.060]Hello, my name is Frank Bright,
[00:00:13.320]and welcome to the general standards recertification
[00:00:16.400]category 00 training.
[00:00:19.310]This will serve as a review for many important topics
[00:00:22.600]when applying different pesticides.
[00:00:25.050]As an applicator, it is your job to be knowledgeable
[00:00:28.190]about the products that you're using
[00:00:30.150]and the sites that you're using them on.
[00:00:32.280]Today we'll hear from a variety of specialists
[00:00:34.640]covering a wide range of topics that you should be aware of
[00:00:38.350]when making these applications.
[00:00:40.600]Today's program in the morning session
[00:00:42.900]will be the general standards recertification.
[00:00:45.540]Later in the afternoon,
[00:00:46.790]it will be for the category recertification sections.
[00:00:50.240]Each one of those sections will be specific
[00:00:52.820]to the category that you are recertifying for.
[00:00:56.300]Today you will hear mention of Neb Guides and ECs,
[00:00:59.370]or extension circulars.
[00:01:01.200]These are an in-depth look at the topic
[00:01:03.080]that is being discussed by the specialists.
[00:01:05.800]You can review these if you would like a more in depth
[00:01:10.450]and complete knowledge of the topic,
[00:01:13.060]and you can find those for free at
[00:01:15.040]extensionpubs.unl.edu.
[00:01:17.860]As I said, today we'll cover many different topics
[00:01:20.450]and hopefully you will gain a little bit of review
[00:01:23.380]of the important information that you already know
[00:01:25.680]and remember, the label is the law.
[00:01:27.842](easygoing instrumental music)
[00:01:32.840]Hi, my name's Jody Green.
[00:01:34.260]I'm an extension educator with Nebraska Extension
[00:01:36.870]in Lancaster County.
[00:01:38.260]Today I'm gonna talk to you about IPM.
[00:01:42.050]So first off, what is IPM?
[00:01:44.230]Well, IPM is integrated pest management,
[00:01:47.460]and let's describe what that is.
[00:01:49.480]So let's just say we see a pest like a cockroach,
[00:01:52.250]sometimes people will grab the chemicals.
[00:01:55.180]This may be part of an integrated pest management program,
[00:01:58.650]but it really isn't IPM.
[00:02:01.320]IPM uses a wide range of pest control methods or tactics
[00:02:05.610]to control or manage pest populations,
[00:02:08.370]which can be any type of organism, including plants,
[00:02:13.140]wildlife, and insects.
[00:02:15.570]This is a few measures or methods that can be used
[00:02:19.400]to control these cockroaches.
[00:02:22.100]IPM prevents pests from reaching the damaging levels.
[00:02:25.290]So even though you may have some pests,
[00:02:27.680]they may not reaching aesthetically damaging levels,
[00:02:31.340]economic levels, some pests are just nuisances,
[00:02:34.350]and you have to determine what level you want to keep them
[00:02:37.110]down below.
[00:02:38.720]Other things that IPM does is it protects the environment
[00:02:43.460]and non-targets.
[00:02:44.293]So non-target is anything that is not the pest,
[00:02:47.250]so people, children, pets, and wildlife.
[00:02:51.710]So we want to be cognizant of that.
[00:02:54.310]When it comes to IPM,
[00:02:55.830]we want to know why we need to practice that.
[00:02:58.070]Well, sometimes pesticides are not gonna be effective,
[00:03:00.710]and we can talk a little bit
[00:03:01.640]about insecticide resistance later on,
[00:03:03.910]but other places it may not be available.
[00:03:06.820]It may be too expensive to treat.
[00:03:08.400]It just may not be an option,
[00:03:09.770]so it's always good to have other options available,
[00:03:12.480]and IPM is a great solution.
[00:03:14.990]IPM promotes a healthy environment.
[00:03:16.990]It helps maintain a balanced ecosystem,
[00:03:18.850]where you have organisms that are both beneficial
[00:03:22.940]and will take care of them naturally.
[00:03:25.710]It can save money in the long run.
[00:03:28.330]So really, practicing IPM is a positive public image
[00:03:32.200]for your company or for your practices.
[00:03:35.650]There are basically five components, or steps,
[00:03:38.880]to an IPM program.
[00:03:40.700]The first one is gonna be to identify the pest,
[00:03:43.530]so you want to know the biology and the behavior,
[00:03:46.230]and find out if it is a key pest, a secondary pest,
[00:03:50.240]like an indication that there is some other type of problem,
[00:03:53.180]or it may just be an occasional issue
[00:03:56.160]and not something to be worried about,
[00:03:58.090]and no control may not be needed.
[00:04:01.590]Monitoring or tracking the population,
[00:04:03.690]you can use monitors like sticky boards
[00:04:05.960]and find out how the population changes over time,
[00:04:10.210]calculate the losses and damage of that pest,
[00:04:13.150]and determine thresholds.
[00:04:14.930]So this is from the manual, page 11,
[00:04:17.750]and it just talks about how to determine those thresholds.
[00:04:20.630]So you want to develop a goal,
[00:04:22.140]and so it can't really be eliminating everything,
[00:04:24.830]a 100% of every pest or every weed.
[00:04:27.760]It really needs to be managed
[00:04:29.590]at an economically acceptable level,
[00:04:32.110]and so you should know that point where it's time to treat.
[00:04:36.170]Then you want to implement your IPM program,
[00:04:38.470]and we'll talk about different components
[00:04:40.536]and different types of control,
[00:04:43.040]but you wanna choose things that are most effective
[00:04:46.010]to eliminating the problem.
[00:04:48.120]Again, you wanna protect the environment,
[00:04:50.080]you want to be within regulations,
[00:04:51.860]so you don't get in trouble,
[00:04:53.220]and you wanna protect those non-targets.
[00:04:55.330]And then lastly, you want to keep those records
[00:04:58.840]so you can evaluate the program,
[00:05:00.100]because you will get into these situations again,
[00:05:03.260]and that way you'll be able to be
[00:05:05.000]more efficient in the future.
[00:05:06.980]And so keep those records.
[00:05:09.320]Now we're gonna talk about the six types of control used
[00:05:12.750]in IPM practices,
[00:05:14.360]and we will go into each one of those very briefly,
[00:05:17.730]but biological, cultural, mechanical/physical,
[00:05:20.630]genetic, chemical, and regulatory.
[00:05:24.050]That is all part of IPM.
[00:05:26.200]So first we'll talk about biological control.
[00:05:28.930]This involves using natural enemies,
[00:05:31.550]or encouraging natural enemies like predators, parasites,
[00:05:34.590]pathogens, things that are competing with your pests.
[00:05:37.680]In these pictures, I've got some insect pests,
[00:05:40.000]and you can see that they've either been parasitized
[00:05:42.160]or they're being preyed on by other insects.
[00:05:46.125]And this can be a number of things,
[00:05:48.440]we do use a number of parasitic wasps today.
[00:05:51.520]These can be imported,
[00:05:53.210]and they can be released in mass numbers
[00:05:56.310]to try to control pests.
[00:05:58.260]The other type we have is cultural control,
[00:06:01.060]and this involves sanitation.
[00:06:02.990]It can also involve cultural practices
[00:06:06.280]when it comes to other areas like crop and turf,
[00:06:10.770]but you're gonna want to reduce the establishment of pests
[00:06:13.430]and their reproduction and survival ability.
[00:06:15.420]So the way you store food, decreasing clutter,
[00:06:19.220]just really cleaning up and putting your fermenting fruits
[00:06:23.130]in the refrigerator,
[00:06:24.380]this will also include reducing the water and the shelter
[00:06:28.490]or harborage areas, and also breeding sites.
[00:06:30.970]So you can see the trash and the standing water,
[00:06:33.580]those are going to be attractive to pests.
[00:06:36.510]This also includes reducing vegetation around the home
[00:06:39.300]where pests may find shelter and they can get indoors.
[00:06:43.410]In terms of using cultural control for turf,
[00:06:48.070]it could be changes in the practices for mowing
[00:06:50.800]or irrigation, aeration, and fertilization.
[00:06:53.130]And when it comes to agricultural production,
[00:06:56.360]crop selection, the timing of planting and harvesting,
[00:06:59.250]and crop rotation are cultural means of control.
[00:07:03.513]Next we'll go on to mechanical and physical controls.
[00:07:07.100]And so you think of a physical trap
[00:07:10.430]or something that's going to be there,
[00:07:12.400]and device used to trap, capture, or kill a pest,
[00:07:15.150]and you can see a variety there.
[00:07:17.060]These include interceptors, sticky traps, snap traps,
[00:07:19.830]live traps, all different types of things
[00:07:22.570]that are going to be physically there to get that pest
[00:07:27.480]before it becomes a problem.
[00:07:29.210]This will also include pest proofing,
[00:07:31.540]or exclusion techniques,
[00:07:33.440]and we can always see gaps within a building
[00:07:36.120]where pests are gonna enter,
[00:07:37.910]so pipe chases or under doors,
[00:07:40.310]and so you want to use devices like netting
[00:07:42.490]or door sweeps, air curtains, all those type of things.
[00:07:46.220]Those are physical controls.
[00:07:48.730]And then another type of physical control
[00:07:51.590]is modifying the environment, so it makes it less favorable.
[00:07:55.250]Changing the humidity, the temperature, the moisture,
[00:07:57.710]and even reducing the lighting can stop pests.
[00:08:01.680]Genetic control is another type in the IPM toolbox.
[00:08:07.600]It involves using molecular techniques
[00:08:09.790]and genetically modified organisms.
[00:08:12.060]And so what happens here is that plants and animals
[00:08:14.240]can be bred or selected to resist pest problems,
[00:08:17.230]and that may be economical for some situations.
[00:08:20.910]When it comes to chemical control,
[00:08:22.680]which all of us know about,
[00:08:25.270]it can be all types of different pesticides,
[00:08:27.570]so insecticides, miticides, fungicides, herbicides,
[00:08:31.480]and it will kill, attract, repel, regulate,
[00:08:35.230]and interrupt the growth of a pest.
[00:08:36.590]Those are all considered pesticides.
[00:08:39.010]And these can be naturally derived.
[00:08:42.150]They can be synthetic compounds.
[00:08:44.040]They usually act on a specific target site
[00:08:47.190]or a certain pest,
[00:08:48.480]and they can have different modes of action.
[00:08:50.550]So their toxicity and the way they actually control
[00:08:54.030]the pest will be different.
[00:08:57.136]And this is a good slide for showing that sometimes
[00:09:01.080]chemical control involves biological control.
[00:09:03.980]So these are where they both come together,
[00:09:06.270]because it's a pesticide, so it is registered with the EPA,
[00:09:10.530]but it's a control agent that is a natural control agent,
[00:09:14.510]like a fungus or a bacteria.
[00:09:16.640]So we've got a bedbug that has been killed by a fungus,
[00:09:21.460]and then these are Mosquito Dunks here on the right,
[00:09:23.800]and these are put into standing water to control
[00:09:26.580]the larvae of mosquitoes.
[00:09:28.750]So that's biological control but in terms of in a
[00:09:32.250]chemical type of method, but that is all part of IPM.
[00:09:36.870]The last one that we don't talk about regularly
[00:09:39.750]is regulatory.
[00:09:40.670]So the government agencies are responsible
[00:09:43.890]for some situations where some pests may cause
[00:09:46.690]such serious damage that they will put in quarantines
[00:09:50.630]and eradication in place,
[00:09:52.710]and that really doesn't have anything to do with us,
[00:09:54.770]but I'm putting the emerald ash borer up there,
[00:09:56.410]because that is something that we do need to deal with
[00:09:59.950]in Nebraska these days.
[00:10:01.870]So I'm gonna talk a little bit about pesticide resistance,
[00:10:04.670]because this relates to IPM and why we should practice it.
[00:10:10.330]So pesticide resistance is the ability of a pest
[00:10:12.720]to tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it.
[00:10:15.810]So for an example here, I have a regular head lice,
[00:10:19.450]head louse, sorry.
[00:10:20.860]And after continual use of pesticides,
[00:10:23.130]or frequent applications,
[00:10:25.810]and usually it's the same mode of action,
[00:10:28.390]these head lice can turn into what people will call
[00:10:32.370]super head lice, or super lice.
[00:10:36.130]Really, it's the same lice,
[00:10:38.160]it's just that they are shown
[00:10:41.000]to have insecticide resistance.
[00:10:42.650]And what happens is they are not going to be controlled
[00:10:46.220]the way they once were.
[00:10:48.000]So we do have some resistant pest species in Nebraska.
[00:10:51.140]This includes insects,
[00:10:53.060]and it also includes a variety of weeds,
[00:10:54.810]and the weeds have developed a resistance
[00:10:56.760]to a number of herbicides over the years.
[00:10:58.980]But we've got different types of resistances as well.
[00:11:03.140]The German cockroach became averse to the inert ingredients
[00:11:07.200]in some cockroach baits, and so it wasn't affecting them,
[00:11:11.670]so they had to change the formula a little bit.
[00:11:13.750]But we've got western corn rootworm,
[00:11:15.870]the head louse, as I mentioned,
[00:11:18.060]and we also have pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs these days.
[00:11:22.590]I'm gonna talk about how resistance occurs.
[00:11:25.410]So this is a population that's exposed to a pesticide,
[00:11:29.980]and a small portion survives and passes alone the genes
[00:11:33.390]for the resistance.
[00:11:34.760]So let's just say, we'll go back to the super lice example,
[00:11:39.760]so the population is treated frequently
[00:11:41.610]with the same class of insecticide,
[00:11:43.900]and over time some of the lice will die and some will not,
[00:11:49.190]but over a period of time
[00:11:51.480]where there is frequent application,
[00:11:53.740]what is left may be resistant because of genetics.
[00:11:58.470]And these survivors will inherit these resistant traits
[00:12:03.060]and pass them on to their offspring.
[00:12:05.280]And so when the same pesticide is used,
[00:12:07.680]many of them will not be affected,
[00:12:09.300]and over time the population becomes resistant
[00:12:12.210]and it becomes harder to control.
[00:12:15.200]So that is definitely something we want to avoid
[00:12:19.900]and reduce and manage, so the ways to do that
[00:12:22.820]is to practice integrated pest management.
[00:12:25.430]So I really encourage you to follow the steps of IPM
[00:12:28.230]and to explore different methods to be able to conquer
[00:12:32.530]and treat and manage your pests below the thresholds.
[00:12:36.140]Thank you.
[00:12:37.235](easygoing instrumental music)
[00:12:42.053]Hi, my name is Trevor Johnson
[00:12:43.330]with Nebraska Department of Agriculture
[00:12:45.120]and today I'm gonna give you a brief overview
[00:12:46.920]of some of the laws and regulations as they pertain
[00:12:49.290]to pesticide application in Nebraska.
[00:12:53.963]There are two main laws that govern pesticide applications
[00:12:57.230]in Nebraska.
[00:12:58.063]The first is gonna be FIFRA,
[00:13:00.310]which is the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
[00:13:02.790]and Rodenticide Act.
[00:13:04.560]This is a law enacted by the EPA that covers
[00:13:08.099]pesticide registration, classification, labeling,
[00:13:12.030]as well as use and application of pesticides.
[00:13:15.290]The second law that governs pesticide applications
[00:13:17.500]in Nebraska is going to be the Nebraska Pesticide Act.
[00:13:20.720]This was enacted in 1993,
[00:13:22.970]relates to certification of of pesticide applicators
[00:13:26.730]in Nebraska as well as specific record keeping requirements
[00:13:30.690]and in many cases this law is going to be more stringent
[00:13:33.600]than FIFRA.
[00:13:36.970]So who needs a license in Nebraska to apply pesticides?
[00:13:40.980]Anyone who's using a restricted-use pesticide
[00:13:43.840]needs to be licensed,
[00:13:45.550]or anybody using a general-use pesticide,
[00:13:48.120]or restricted-use pesticide, commercially in lawns,
[00:13:51.000]landscapes, or structures.
[00:13:53.310]And then anyone using a pesticide
[00:13:55.700]to control vectors of disease on behalf of a community
[00:13:59.480]or political subdivision of the state.
[00:14:01.850]This would be typically your city employees
[00:14:03.640]controlling mosquitoes.
[00:14:06.510]There are three types of licenses in Nebraska.
[00:14:09.250]The first is going to be a commercial license.
[00:14:11.470]This is for people who apply pesticides
[00:14:13.744]to other people's property for hire.
[00:14:16.660]There's a $90 fee associated with this license.
[00:14:19.490]The second one is going to be a noncommercial license.
[00:14:21.950]This is going to be specific to your employer.
[00:14:25.320]This would be for people who work for cities, parks,
[00:14:29.300]other government institutions.
[00:14:31.310]They're required to maintain their employment information
[00:14:33.870]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[00:14:36.660]and this is a fee exempt license.
[00:14:38.370]And then the third type of license
[00:14:39.660]is a private applicator license.
[00:14:41.770]This would be for individuals applying
[00:14:43.320]restricted-use pesticides to their property
[00:14:47.020]in the production of an agricultural commodity.
[00:14:51.360]This is likely the most important slide
[00:14:53.190]that you're gonna see today.
[00:14:54.670]The label is the law.
[00:14:56.580]So there's a statement on every pesticide label
[00:14:58.880]that says it is against Federal law to use this product
[00:15:01.840]in a manner inconsistent with its labeling,
[00:15:04.160]and it's your responsibility as the applicator
[00:15:06.630]to follow all instructions on those labels.
[00:15:11.450]So there's going to be two types of language
[00:15:13.650]that you'll see on pesticide labels.
[00:15:15.820]The first is going to be mandatory language.
[00:15:18.473]This would be language such as do, do not, or must.
[00:15:23.210]So anytime you see a statement with one of those words in it
[00:15:26.348]this is where it's going to be legally enforceable,
[00:15:28.990]so you're required to follow those directions
[00:15:31.370]on the label by law
[00:15:32.910]An example of this would be
[00:15:34.210]in your personal protective equipment statements,
[00:15:36.810]such as, applicators and other handlers must wear
[00:15:39.360]long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes plus socks,
[00:15:42.330]and protective eyewear.
[00:15:43.540]So you must wear all that PPE by law.
[00:15:48.450]The second type of language on a label that you'll see
[00:15:50.500]is going to be suggestive language.
[00:15:52.870]This is not necessarily legally enforceable.
[00:15:55.500]However, it's really important that you pay attention
[00:15:57.560]to these phrases as they are designed to protect you
[00:16:00.650]and the environment.
[00:16:02.200]These are going to be things that say should or may.
[00:16:06.220]In this case, users should wash their hands
[00:16:08.070]before eating, drinking, chewing gum,
[00:16:10.460]using tobacco, or using the toilet.
[00:16:12.200]I think we can all agree that's great advice to follow.
[00:16:15.530]So it's really important that you pay attention
[00:16:17.570]to all the language found on the label.
[00:16:22.460]There's also going to be language on those labels
[00:16:24.340]that relate to the specific sites or formulations
[00:16:27.070]where you can apply those products.
[00:16:29.770]Let's say in this scenario you want to control
[00:16:31.820]some vegetation along the shoreline of a creek or pond.
[00:16:36.130]You wanna use a product that contains glyphosate.
[00:16:38.700]Here we have two products.
[00:16:39.830]We have Shoreclear Plus, as well as Roundup Pro,
[00:16:42.990]both of these products
[00:16:44.060]have the active ingredient glyphosate.
[00:16:46.720]However, only one of these products is approved for use
[00:16:49.870]on aquatic site.
[00:16:51.170]So make sure every time you read that label
[00:16:52.970]that the site that you're applying to
[00:16:54.820]is found on that label.
[00:16:59.470]I'd briefly like to discuss disposal of unused pesticides.
[00:17:04.070]It's really important that you dispose
[00:17:05.640]of any unused pesticides on a label-approved site.
[00:17:09.510]Rinsate, or the water that's collected after you wash
[00:17:12.730]your tanks, is considered a waste pesticide
[00:17:15.230]and should be disposed of accordingly.
[00:17:18.080]You should triple rinse all containers.
[00:17:20.240]Puncture them to make sure they aren't used
[00:17:22.370]for any other use.
[00:17:23.820]And then if possible, we always recommend recycling
[00:17:26.190]those containers.
[00:17:27.290]The University of Nebraska
[00:17:28.360]Pesticide Safety Education Program
[00:17:30.160]does run a recycling program,
[00:17:32.030]so you can contact them for more information.
[00:17:35.250]If you have any questions about the disposal
[00:17:36.870]or use of any pesticides, feel free to contact
[00:17:39.570]the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[00:17:41.470]and we should be able to point you in the right direction.
[00:17:46.300]Another important law in Nebraska is recordkeeping.
[00:17:50.730]So all applications of restricted-use pesticides
[00:17:53.410]have specific records that must be kept.
[00:17:56.230]However, it's a good idea to keep records
[00:17:58.680]of all pesticides you apply.
[00:18:01.040]This is mostly to help you out
[00:18:04.120]in the event that a complaint would be filed against you
[00:18:06.530]or if the Nebraska Department of Agriculture
[00:18:08.340]would like to see those records.
[00:18:09.800]It'll be beneficial to you to have accurate records.
[00:18:14.550]There are specific things that must be recorded.
[00:18:17.680]These are gonna be the specific requirements
[00:18:19.630]for all restricted-use pesticides,
[00:18:21.910]as well as pesticides applied commercially in structures,
[00:18:25.480]regardless of whether they're general use or restricted use.
[00:18:28.880]That'll include things such as product name,
[00:18:30.660]EPA registration number,
[00:18:32.940]the total amount you applied,
[00:18:34.400]and then another important one is the method of disposal.
[00:18:37.480]So as we discussed in the previous slide,
[00:18:39.180]you wanna document how you dispose
[00:18:41.370]of those unused pesticides,
[00:18:43.290]whether that's applying on a label approved site
[00:18:45.430]or taking to the appropriate recycling center.
[00:18:51.240]These records must be maintained for three years.
[00:18:54.140]They must be recorded within 48 hours
[00:18:56.360]of the pesticide application,
[00:18:58.230]and they must be maintained
[00:18:59.290]at the principal place of business.
[00:19:01.602]We do not have any specific regulations
[00:19:03.790]on how you keep these records.
[00:19:06.100]Many companies prefer to keep them digitally.
[00:19:08.830]As long as they are maintained at the principal place
[00:19:10.790]of business and can be provided to
[00:19:12.410]the Nebraska Department of Agriculture upon request.
[00:19:15.530]Here at the bottom, I gave a URL.
[00:19:17.810]This links to our pesticide recordkeeping brochure,
[00:19:21.480]and it'll contain all the information you need to know
[00:19:23.310]about records in Nebraska.
[00:19:25.410]And now I'd like to talk to you about another Federal law,
[00:19:27.780]which is the Worker Protection Standard.
[00:19:30.530]This is a law that was enacted in 1993
[00:19:33.230]by the Environmental Protection Agency.
[00:19:35.810]It was intended to reduce the risks of injury and illness
[00:19:39.110]to agricultural workers associated with exposures
[00:19:41.940]to pesticide.
[00:19:43.550]It was revised in 2015,
[00:19:46.410]and I'm gonna go over some of the key points of this law
[00:19:48.580]in the following slides.
[00:19:51.780]So when does the Worker Protection Standard, or WPS, apply?
[00:19:55.530]Anytime you see this box on a pesticide label,
[00:19:58.970]this would be an agricultural use pesticide.
[00:20:01.630]So anytime that a pesticide with this box
[00:20:03.600]is used on an agricultural establishment
[00:20:06.040]in the production of an agricultural plant,
[00:20:08.600]the Worker Protection Standard applies in its entirety.
[00:20:13.180]So what is an agricultural establishment?
[00:20:16.000]This would include areas such as row crops, sod farms,
[00:20:19.690]nurseries, or Christmas tree farms.
[00:20:22.250]If you have any questions about whether your specific
[00:20:24.480]application types or locations require
[00:20:27.450]the Worker Protection Standard, feel free to give us a call.
[00:20:33.010]So who is responsible for complying
[00:20:34.810]with the Worker Protection Standard?
[00:20:36.740]Ultimately, it's the employer's responsibility
[00:20:39.060]to ensure that they're in compliance with WPS,
[00:20:43.048]and there's gonna be two types of employers
[00:20:45.770]that are defined in the rule.
[00:20:47.420]The first is going to be an agricultural employer.
[00:20:50.490]This would be somebody that maintains
[00:20:52.430]or owns the establishment.
[00:20:53.750]This could be the farm owner, nursery owner,
[00:20:56.580]or nursery manager.
[00:20:58.510]They're responsible for things like exchanging information
[00:21:01.040]with their employees,
[00:21:01.873]regarding where pesticides were applied
[00:21:04.460]and the hazard information associate with those.
[00:21:07.400]They're required for worker and handler protections
[00:21:10.810]and training, I'll get in to what workers and handlers are
[00:21:13.080]in just a bit.
[00:21:14.480]They're also required to provide emergency assistance
[00:21:17.190]in case workers and handlers are exposed to pesticides.
[00:21:21.260]Finally, some recordkeeping as well as the REI,
[00:21:24.430]or restricted entry interval notification and compliance.
[00:21:29.880]The second type of employer is gonna be
[00:21:31.550]a commercial pesticide handler employer.
[00:21:34.630]This would be a institution like a co-op
[00:21:37.410]that hires applicators to apply to other people's farms
[00:21:41.430]or an individual who's self-employed
[00:21:43.480]as an agricultural applicator.
[00:21:46.060]They're responsible for handler protections and training,
[00:21:49.560]pesticide application information exchange
[00:21:51.630]with the ag establishment that they're applying
[00:21:53.600]those pesticides to,
[00:21:56.400]emergency assistance for handlers,
[00:21:58.040]as well as posting or oral notification of applications
[00:22:02.633]as they pertain to the restricted-entry interval.
[00:22:07.930]So employees,
[00:22:10.000]these would be those workers and handlers
[00:22:11.650]that I described earlier,
[00:22:13.920]they're provided certain protections
[00:22:15.580]under the Worker Protection Standard,
[00:22:18.319]including the EPA-approved safety training
[00:22:21.130]prior to beginning work,
[00:22:22.540]decontamination supplies,
[00:22:24.380]personal protective equipment,
[00:22:26.380]notification regarding which areas were treated.
[00:22:31.390]They're required to be 18 years old,
[00:22:33.290]if they're a handler or early-entry worker,
[00:22:36.330]and then also they're required to be excluded
[00:22:38.660]from certain areas while the restricted-entry interval
[00:22:41.190]is in effect.
[00:22:44.670]All right, so workers are any person who is employed
[00:22:47.490]and performs activities directly related to the production
[00:22:50.190]of an agricultural plant on the agricultural establishment.
[00:22:53.850]These are gonna include people such as the detasslers,
[00:22:56.110]pruners, people who repot nursery stock.
[00:22:59.413]Here in Nebraska, the majority of our workers
[00:23:02.040]are gonna be either nursery employees
[00:23:03.910]or detasslers on agricultural establishments.
[00:23:08.770]Handlers would include people such as yourself,
[00:23:11.590]who have a pesticide applicator license
[00:23:14.272]and are involved in the application of pesticides,
[00:23:17.120]mixing and loading, disposing of pesticides,
[00:23:19.850]working on equipment that's been used to apply pesticides,
[00:23:23.933]or doing crop advisor tasks for the establishment.
[00:23:31.400]So I already described that employers have the primary
[00:23:34.150]responsibility when it comes
[00:23:35.450]to the Worker Protection Standard,
[00:23:37.260]but there are certain responsibilities that you as a handler
[00:23:39.730]need to be aware of.
[00:23:41.610]Every product that has the WPS box on the label
[00:23:44.700]is going to have the statement: Do not apply this product
[00:23:47.640]in a way that will contact workers or other persons,
[00:23:50.310]either directly or through drift.
[00:23:52.535]It's fairly simple, just make sure that nobody is going to
[00:23:55.860]be impacted by the application that you're making.
[00:23:59.230]And they've actually spelled out specific requirements
[00:24:02.680]of how far back people need to be from your application,
[00:24:06.360]depending upon the application type,
[00:24:08.440]and that's going to be the Application Exclusion Zone.
[00:24:11.580]I'm not gonna get into the details of exactly what it is.
[00:24:14.560]It's important that you research this on your own.
[00:24:17.210]But essentially, it's a 25 to 100-foot halo
[00:24:20.800]around your application equipment that you need to make sure
[00:24:23.330]nobody enters during the time of application
[00:24:26.068]or make sure that they don't enter the treated site
[00:24:29.280]while you're applying the pesticides.
[00:24:31.710]As a handler, you're also required to wear the PPE
[00:24:34.270]that's required on the label,
[00:24:36.310]and then obviously comply with all directions
[00:24:38.540]on those pesticide labels.
[00:24:41.850]So you might be asking yourself how you comply
[00:24:44.100]with this fairly complex regulation.
[00:24:47.370]I highly recommend that you visit
[00:24:49.170]the Pesticide Educational Resources Collaborative website,
[00:24:53.540]PERC for short.
[00:24:54.930]Their website is pesticideresources.org.
[00:24:59.220]This is a great website that has everything from
[00:25:01.500]a how to comply manual that gives you a comprehensive list
[00:25:04.340]of everything you need to know,
[00:25:06.290]they have online approved training videos,
[00:25:09.730]they also have quick reference guides,
[00:25:12.270]as well as other sort of Q and A documents
[00:25:15.140]that can help guide you through this process
[00:25:17.300]of understanding exactly
[00:25:18.310]what the Worker Protection Standard is.
[00:25:20.900]Also if you have any questions, feel free to give us a call
[00:25:23.580]at the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[00:25:25.610]and we can point ya in the right direction.
[00:25:29.090]Here's what it looks like when you go to the PERC website,
[00:25:31.940]again that's pesticideresources.org.
[00:25:35.100]You can find anything from FAQs,
[00:25:37.718]if you click on any of these lists right here,
[00:25:43.120]it'll give you exactly what's required for those individuals
[00:25:45.970]on the agricultural establishment.
[00:25:48.280]A great place to start is the does WPS apply to you?
[00:25:52.760]That'll ask you a series of questions that'll help determine
[00:25:55.890]your role in the Worker Protection Standard.
[00:25:58.310]So again, pesticideresources.org.
[00:26:02.950]Thank you for listening today.
[00:26:04.830]For further information about laws and regulations
[00:26:07.420]in Nebraska, you can visit our website,
[00:26:10.160]or, again, that PERC website if you have questions
[00:26:12.450]about the Worker Protection Standard,
[00:26:14.610]and then always we're available, give us call,
[00:26:17.000]and we can answer any questions that you might have.
[00:26:19.210]Thank you.
[00:26:20.337](easygoing instrumental music)
[00:26:25.130]Hello, I'm Robert Harrison
[00:26:26.410]with the Pesticide Safety Education program,
[00:26:28.550]and in this segment we're going to discuss
[00:26:30.770]the pesticide label.
[00:26:32.530]Pesticide labeling is the law.
[00:26:34.930]As an applicator, you have the legal responsibility
[00:26:38.220]to read and follow label directions.
[00:26:41.130]It is a violation of the law if you use a pesticide
[00:26:44.150]in a manner not allowed or prescribed by the label.
[00:26:48.370]The label is generally printed on or attached to
[00:26:51.000]the pesticide container or wrapper.
[00:26:53.420]However, pesticide labeling includes the label,
[00:26:56.400]plus all additional product information,
[00:26:58.640]such as brochures, handouts, and flyers provided by
[00:27:02.000]the manufacturer or dealer.
[00:27:04.260]It even includes information referenced on the label,
[00:27:07.120]such as internet resources.
[00:27:11.240]The purpose of labeling is to provide a detailed description
[00:27:14.390]of the product and clear directions for effective use
[00:27:17.520]while minimizing risks to human health and the environment.
[00:27:22.410]If you use a pesticide in a way not allowed by the labeling,
[00:27:26.310]you are in violation of the Federal Insecticide,
[00:27:28.810]Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, of FIFRA.
[00:27:33.000]The courts consider the label to be a legal document.
[00:27:35.960]If you fail to follow directions,
[00:27:38.150]you are committing a violation that may result in fines
[00:27:40.990]or other legal actions against you.
[00:27:43.370]Following directions helps to keep you physically
[00:27:46.170]and legally safe as you work with pesticides.
[00:27:53.610]You must know the details of the label information
[00:27:55.910]for each pesticide you use.
[00:27:58.150]Think of the label as your prescription
[00:28:00.150]for using the pesticide.
[00:28:02.050]Some parts of the label provide you with information
[00:28:04.710]necessary for safe and effective use of the product.
[00:28:08.160]For example, the label will list the application rate
[00:28:11.370]or an approved range.
[00:28:13.200]Problems can occur if you apply pesticides at rates
[00:28:15.500]lower than given on the label.
[00:28:17.790]These problems include pest resistance
[00:28:19.960]and reduced control of target pests,
[00:28:21.880]because at a lower rate, the pesticide may be too weak
[00:28:24.630]to be effective.
[00:28:26.360]There could be increased costs as well,
[00:28:28.200]because failure to control the pest could result
[00:28:30.880]in having to buy and apply more product.
[00:28:33.660]Exceeding the maximum rate of application shown on the label
[00:28:36.390]is a violation of pesticide law.
[00:28:38.930]Applying at a higher rate could harm nontargets,
[00:28:41.950]which are plants and animals you did not wish to affect,
[00:28:45.110]and the environment.
[00:28:46.860]The label also tells you the sites where pesticide
[00:28:49.740]can legally be applied.
[00:28:51.710]This may be an animal, a crop, a residential area,
[00:28:54.930]or a greenhouse.
[00:28:56.490]Applying the pesticide to a site not listed on the label
[00:28:59.730]is illegal and with good reason.
[00:29:02.490]A pesticide labeled for outdoor use
[00:29:04.670]cannot be applied indoors
[00:29:06.180]due to the many differences in the two sites.
[00:29:08.770]Sunlight dissipation, differences due to wind,
[00:29:11.960]or lack of it, or et cetera.
[00:29:14.880]Other parts of the label will tell you about
[00:29:16.600]necessary safety precautions,
[00:29:18.620]environmental issues, and the applications methods to use.
[00:29:26.540]The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,
[00:29:29.610]or FIFRA, requires specific information to appear
[00:29:32.480]in certain places on the label.
[00:29:34.810]Other information, however,
[00:29:36.090]can be located anywhere on the label.
[00:29:38.640]The following information is included on a pesticide label
[00:29:41.710]if applicable to the product:
[00:29:44.630]the brand name, the name of the product,
[00:29:47.730]the common chemical name,
[00:29:50.020]the technical chemical name,
[00:29:52.210]an ingredient statement,
[00:29:55.290]parts of the ingredient statement,
[00:29:57.310]and EPA registration and establishment numbers.
[00:30:04.540]A pesticide may be classified as either general use
[00:30:08.120]or restricted use.
[00:30:09.750]General-use pesticides typically have a lower toxicity
[00:30:12.760]and can be used by the general public.
[00:30:15.100]Restricted-use pesticides, or RUPs,
[00:30:17.870]pose a higher risk to humans or the environment
[00:30:20.690]than other pesticides.
[00:30:23.880]The keep out of reach of children statement
[00:30:25.910]that appears on all in-use pesticide products
[00:30:28.750]except those pesticides that are intended for use
[00:30:31.270]on children or where it is demonstrated that children
[00:30:34.550]will not come in contact with the products.
[00:30:37.290]In these cases, a modified statement is allowed.
[00:30:40.960]In addition, every RUP must have
[00:30:43.640]a use classification statement that includes some form
[00:30:47.000]of the restricted-use pesticide designation
[00:30:50.120]and a reason for the restricted-use classification.
[00:30:54.280]Because RUPs have the potential to cause
[00:30:56.430]unreasonable adverse effects to the environment
[00:30:59.070]and injury to the applicators or bystanders
[00:31:01.420]without added restrictions,
[00:31:03.260]you must be trained and certified
[00:31:05.290]or under the supervision of a certified applicator
[00:31:08.080]to purchase and apply restricted-use pesticides.
[00:31:17.160]The front panel of a pesticide may also contain
[00:31:19.890]a signal work that indicates the toxicity and/or hazards
[00:31:23.270]associated with the use of a pesticide product.
[00:31:26.620]The signal word is based on the acute oral, dermal,
[00:31:29.680]or inhalation toxicity or eye or skin irritation
[00:31:33.530]associated with a particular pesticide.
[00:31:36.820]The signal words from highest to lowest are:
[00:31:40.470]danger, warning, and caution.
[00:31:44.860]Some pesticides with a very low level of risk
[00:31:47.560]do not have a signal word on the label.
[00:31:50.380]Only pesticides that are the most hazardous
[00:31:52.580]will have the words danger-poison,
[00:31:55.060]and/or the skull and crossbones image.
[00:32:02.750]Precautionary statements provide information
[00:32:04.870]about toxicity irritation and sensitization hazards
[00:32:08.270]associated with the use of a pesticide.
[00:32:10.870]They include treatment instructions and information
[00:32:13.380]to reduce exposure potential.
[00:32:16.170]Four kinds of precautionary statements can appear
[00:32:18.450]on the back panel of a typical pesticide label.
[00:32:21.840]They are: hazards to humans and domestic animals,
[00:32:25.830]first aid, environmental hazards,
[00:32:28.940]and physical or chemical hazards.
[00:32:31.630]The directions for use section gives instructions
[00:32:33.720]on how to use the product
[00:32:35.330]and identifies the pest to be controlled,
[00:32:37.610]application rates, any required application equipment,
[00:32:41.110]and the application sites.
[00:32:43.020]The label may have information about risk
[00:32:44.920]from potential spray drift and how to reduce that risk.
[00:32:48.420]This could include the size of nozzle droplets required
[00:32:50.980]or recommended,
[00:32:52.270]wind velocity suitable for application, et cetera.
[00:32:56.220]The label may also contain statements related to applying
[00:32:58.870]the pesticide to crops through an irrigation system.
[00:33:02.870]The product label may have voluntary pesticide resistant
[00:33:05.720]management guidelines based on target, site,
[00:33:08.670]or mode of action for agricultural uses
[00:33:11.820]The possibility of a pest population developing resistance
[00:33:15.000]is a concern when using pesticides.
[00:33:17.570]Worldwide action committees classify pesticides
[00:33:20.260]based on their modes of action to safeguard new chemistries
[00:33:23.220]as they become available.
[00:33:25.520]With newer compounds
[00:33:26.700]that have very specific modes of action,
[00:33:28.960]resistance management will help keep
[00:33:31.020]these products effective.
[00:33:33.110]Manufacturers can voluntarily include the pesticide group
[00:33:36.210]that indicates the mode of action on the label.
[00:33:40.180]Usually a restricted entry interval, or REI, if applicable,
[00:33:45.390]also will be on this section.
[00:33:47.570]The REI refers to the amount of time that must pass
[00:33:50.320]before it is safe for people
[00:33:51.960]without personal protective equipment and training
[00:33:54.620]or for animals to enter the treated area.
[00:33:58.710]The pre-harvest interval, or PHI,
[00:34:01.030]is also found in the directions for use section
[00:34:03.300]for all pesticide products labeled for food or feed crops.
[00:34:07.210]The pre-harvest interval is the minimum number of days
[00:34:10.030]that must pass after the pesticide application
[00:34:12.950]and before harvest of the crop.
[00:34:15.230]This period of time allows the pesticide to break down
[00:34:17.770]to a level below the residual tolerance limit
[00:34:20.570]when the crop is harvested.
[00:34:22.560]EPA sets the pre-harvest interval.
[00:34:26.540]A pesticide product is covered by
[00:34:28.080]the Worker Protection Standard, or WPS,
[00:34:30.820]if the label has an agricultural use requirement section
[00:34:34.590]and the pesticide is used on agricultural plant.
[00:34:37.730]For example, plants in right of way
[00:34:39.620]are not considered agricultural plants.
[00:34:42.170]The agricultural use requirement sections
[00:34:44.420]includes additional statements, such as PPE requirements,
[00:34:48.104]REI, handling contaminate PPE,
[00:34:52.480]engineering controls, and user safety.
[00:34:55.868]WPS applies to general-use pesticides
[00:34:58.530]and restricted-use pesticides.
[00:35:01.860]The label directions may reference
[00:35:03.460]endangered species protection that informs the user
[00:35:06.170]of potential risks to endangered species.
[00:35:09.130]It may direct the user to EPA Bulletins Live Two
[00:35:12.720]through a telephone number or website.
[00:35:15.690]If referenced, this is a part of the label
[00:35:17.950]and must be called or visited.
[00:35:20.580]It is illegal to use a product on a site
[00:35:22.810]not listed on the label.
[00:35:24.780]The label also includes misuse and related statements.
[00:35:28.140]It is a violation of Federal law to use this product
[00:35:30.790]in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.
[00:35:33.970]Using a pesticide in a way that is inconsistent
[00:35:36.390]with the label is a violation of FIFRA.
[00:35:38.830]However, in 1978, the original prohibition of any registered
[00:35:44.400]pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
[00:35:47.670]was modified to allow some deviations.
[00:35:50.800]There are just four exceptions that allow you
[00:35:53.440]as an applicator to vary applications
[00:35:56.030]from the label instructions.
[00:35:58.530]You may apply a pesticide at dosages or concentrations
[00:36:02.200]and frequencies that are less than the dosages,
[00:36:04.610]concentrations, or frequencies specified on the label.
[00:36:08.340]Keep in mind that a pesticide application
[00:36:10.400]at less than the recommended rate may be ineffective
[00:36:13.130]or result in the development of resistant pest populations.
[00:36:18.010]You may use application methods
[00:36:19.700]not prohibited by the label instructions, however,
[00:36:22.650]more recent regulations require that certain types
[00:36:24.970]of applications be specified on the label,
[00:36:27.760]like chemigation, for example.
[00:36:30.140]You may apply a pesticide against a target pest
[00:36:33.090]not specified on the label if the crop, animal, or site
[00:36:36.800]is specified on the label,
[00:36:38.220]unless the label prohibits this use.
[00:36:41.300]You may mixtures of pesticides
[00:36:43.190]or pesticides with fertilizers if these mixtures
[00:36:46.300]are not prohibited by the label instructions.
[00:36:52.600]Pesticide labeling includes the label
[00:36:55.760]plus all product information, such as brochures,
[00:36:58.800]handouts, and flyers provided by the manufacturer or dealer.
[00:37:02.430]It even includes information referenced on the label,
[00:37:04.710]such as internet resources.
[00:37:06.790]For example, a pesticide label may direct you
[00:37:09.480]to protect endangered plant or animal species
[00:37:11.960]according to information in the online county bulletin
[00:37:15.060]called Bulletin Live Two.
[00:37:17.120]This online bulletin is considered a legal extension
[00:37:19.590]of the container label and must be followed.
[00:37:23.000]Other labels may require you to check a website
[00:37:25.200]for a list of approved products for tank mixing
[00:37:27.480]or for approved nozzles to help reduce drift.
[00:37:30.260]Referring you to a website allows the pesticide manufacturer
[00:37:33.360]to easily and quickly provide updated information
[00:37:35.890]as new products and equipment are continuously
[00:37:38.020]being developed.
[00:37:40.200]EPA's Bulletins Live website is a great resource
[00:37:43.110]of information.
[00:37:44.450]If your pesticide label directs you to this website,
[00:37:47.010]you are required to follow the pesticide use limitations
[00:37:49.940]found in the bulletin for your intended application area,
[00:37:53.900]pesticide active ingredient,
[00:37:55.400]or product and application month.
[00:37:58.990]EPA's bulletins contain the following information:
[00:38:02.170]map of the user defined intended application area,
[00:38:05.490]user selected active ingredient and/or
[00:38:07.350]pesticide product to be applied,
[00:38:09.670]pesticide use limitations,
[00:38:11.860]the month for which the bulletin is valid.
[00:38:14.940]Bulletins may be accessed for up to six months
[00:38:16.960]before pesticide application.
[00:38:18.890]Be sure that you follow the correct bulletin
[00:38:21.470]for the month of your pesticide application.
[00:38:24.130]When referenced on a pesticide label,
[00:38:26.030]bulletins are enforceable use limitations
[00:38:28.510]under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
[00:38:30.670]and Rodenticide Act, or FIFRA.
[00:38:33.080]The pesticide use limitations found in Bulletins Live Two
[00:38:36.080]are part of EPA's Federal program
[00:38:38.170]to protect listed species.
[00:38:40.260]Your state may have pesticide use limitations
[00:38:42.740]beyond those found in your bulletin.
[00:38:48.674]Bulletins are not intended to replace or override
[00:38:51.020]any restrictions that your state may impose.
[00:38:53.620]You need to be aware of and follow pesticide use limitations
[00:38:56.550]in your area according to both
[00:38:58.470]the state and federal requirements.
[00:39:01.650]Now, let's move on to pesticide formulations.
[00:39:04.330]To better understand pesticide formulations,
[00:39:06.580]it is helpful to consider what a pesticide is.
[00:39:09.450]In broad terms, a pesticide is a formulation
[00:39:12.110]of active and inactive ingredients
[00:39:14.160]combined for the purpose of inhibiting a pest development,
[00:39:17.550]killing the pest, or repelling it.
[00:39:20.450]A substance is regulated as a pesticide if it is sold
[00:39:23.360]for killing, retarding, repelling,
[00:39:25.310]or attracting a pest species.
[00:39:28.260]Under FIFRA the current legal definition of a pesticide
[00:39:31.940]includes defoliants, plant growth regulators,
[00:39:35.670]and desiccants.
[00:39:37.770]Key terms to consider include active ingredient,
[00:39:40.520]inert ingredient, and adjuvant.
[00:39:43.100]An active ingredient is the actual chemical
[00:39:45.330]in the product mixture that controls the pest.
[00:39:48.940]An inert ingredient, or an inactive ingredient,
[00:39:52.260]and other materials are added to the active ingredient
[00:39:55.070]when the product is formulated.
[00:39:57.360]Inert does not mean nontoxic.
[00:40:00.370]Adjuvant is a material, or inert ingredient,
[00:40:03.210]added to the pesticide formulation, or spray tank,
[00:40:05.920]to improve the ability to mix or apply the product
[00:40:08.790]or enhance the effectiveness of the product.
[00:40:11.820]Remember as an applicator it is your responsibility
[00:40:14.580]to read and follow all label directions; it's the law.
[00:40:21.310]Pesticide can be classified in many ways,
[00:40:23.650]grouping them by their target, chemistry, source,
[00:40:26.870]mode of action, and use.
[00:40:29.230]Knowing how a pesticide is classified
[00:40:31.140]will help you make decisions regarding application
[00:40:33.570]and resistance management.
[00:40:35.980]You can classify a pesticide by the types of pests
[00:40:39.040]it controls, the target.
[00:40:41.670]Some examples include herbicide,
[00:40:44.240]plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant,
[00:40:47.530]insecticide and others.
[00:40:49.780]Chemistry is another common classification metric.
[00:40:52.540]Pesticides and other chemical compounds
[00:40:54.500]are often discussed as being inorganic or organic.
[00:40:59.140]Organic pesticides are those that contain carbon
[00:41:02.090]in their molecular structure.
[00:41:04.780]These are overwhelmingly the largest group
[00:41:06.700]of currently used pesticides.
[00:41:09.160]Inorganic pesticides do not contain carbon
[00:41:11.850]and have been used the longest.
[00:41:14.470]Pesticides can be classified by their source
[00:41:17.010]or where they came from.
[00:41:19.040]A pesticide can be a natural substance or a synthetic
[00:41:22.470]or human made version of the natural substance.
[00:41:26.040]Pesticides may be classified as systemic
[00:41:28.900]or contact pesticides.
[00:41:31.010]Systemic pesticides used on plants are absorbed
[00:41:33.770]through the leaves and, or, roots of the plants
[00:41:35.830]and move within the plant.
[00:41:38.060]Contact herbicides are applied directly to growing plants
[00:41:41.480]and do not move through the plant.
[00:41:44.880]Pesticides may be classified according to when
[00:41:47.140]they are applied to crops.
[00:41:49.530]Pre-plant soil herbicide applications are made
[00:41:52.540]before planting a crop and may or may not require
[00:41:55.190]incorporation or irrigation into the soils.
[00:41:58.230]Pre-emergence herbicide applications are made after planting
[00:42:01.330]but before weed or crop emergence,
[00:42:03.720]or are made after planting when the crop is emerged
[00:42:06.540]but weeds have not.
[00:42:08.240]And post-emergent applications after made after weeds
[00:42:11.050]and the crop have emerged.
[00:42:14.060]Pesticides can also be classified by how they harm the pest.
[00:42:17.680]This is called the mode of action.
[00:42:19.700]For example, an insecticide might affect the nervous system,
[00:42:23.370]water balance and cells, energy production,
[00:42:26.300]or molting in insects.
[00:42:28.240]Herbicides might interfere with photosynthesis,
[00:42:30.710]affect cell division, or affect cell walls within the plant.
[00:42:34.620]Fungicides might interfere with cell division
[00:42:37.890]or affect energy production.
[00:42:41.140]Specificity of target is another common
[00:42:43.410]classification metric.
[00:42:45.190]A pesticide may be considered nonselective
[00:42:47.520]when it is toxic to many organisms
[00:42:50.020]and selective when toxic to a narrow range of organisms.
[00:42:57.520]A pesticide formulation is a combination of the active
[00:42:59.990]ingredient and inert ingredients.
[00:43:02.650]No pesticide you can buy
[00:43:03.950]will contain 100% active ingredients.
[00:43:06.730]Instead, the manufacturers formulate pesticides
[00:43:09.410]by adding inert ingredients to enhance
[00:43:11.340]the pesticide's performance
[00:43:13.200]by affecting its characteristics.
[00:43:15.310]These characteristics include ease of handling,
[00:43:18.220]persistence on foliage, safety,
[00:43:21.050]ease of application, and the ability to mix with water.
[00:43:25.110]The term inert might give a false impression
[00:43:27.870]that they are not toxic.
[00:43:29.350]Actually, inert ingredients can range from being
[00:43:31.800]low in toxicity to high in toxicity.
[00:43:34.800]Their effects on human health and the environment
[00:43:37.070]depend on how much is present,
[00:43:39.140]as well as the length, frequency, and route of exposure.
[00:43:43.050]The US Environmental Protection Agency
[00:43:45.140]reviews both active and inert ingredients
[00:43:47.690]for toxicity to humans and the environment.
[00:43:52.240]Some examples of inert ingredients
[00:43:54.420]are adjuvants and dilutants.
[00:43:57.210]Each formulation can change the performance
[00:43:59.530]of the active ingredients,
[00:44:00.690]so each formulation is individually registered by EPA
[00:44:04.100]under the FIFRA law.
[00:44:06.030]You'll find a variety of types of formulations
[00:44:08.560]available for the pesticides you use.
[00:44:11.060]Some examples include dry flowables, wettable powders,
[00:44:14.650]soluble granules, and many more.
[00:44:17.310]The key concept is that formulations
[00:44:19.570]have specific advantages and disadvantages.
[00:44:22.800]As an applicator, it is your responsibility
[00:44:25.160]to choose the safest and most effective formulation
[00:44:28.060]for the job at hand.
[00:44:33.780]Adjuvants are ingredients that come premixed
[00:44:35.830]in a pesticide product or that an applicator can add
[00:44:38.760]to a pesticide to improve mixing or application
[00:44:41.720]or increase the effectiveness of the pesticide.
[00:44:44.820]Since adjuvants are not labeled as pesticides,
[00:44:47.130]they do not need to be registered by EPA.
[00:44:49.890]They do not require residue studies for food tolerances.
[00:44:53.590]Pesticides, however, are required to meet certain
[00:44:55.960]food tolerance standards when used on food crops.
[00:45:00.220]Adjuvants include buffers, compatibility agents,
[00:45:03.350]defoaming agents, drift retardants, stickers, thickeners,
[00:45:07.090]wetting agents, and others.
[00:45:09.390]Some pesticides will break down if the spray water,
[00:45:12.100]or carrier, is too acidic or too basic.
[00:45:14.990]Buffers are added to adjust the pH of the spray water,
[00:45:17.880]making the pesticide application more effective.
[00:45:20.990]A pesticide that is mixed with fertilizer,
[00:45:22.990]or another pesticide, may form clumps
[00:45:25.370]or be unevenly distributed in the spray tank.
[00:45:28.410]They may be physically or chemically incompatible.
[00:45:32.030]A compatibility agent can be added
[00:45:33.910]to help overcome this problem.
[00:45:36.910]When selecting and adjuvant, follow the label directions.
[00:45:40.510]Some labels prohibit the use of an adjuvant.
[00:45:43.590]Don't use industrial products or household detergents.
[00:45:47.130]Test before buying large quantities of adjuvants
[00:45:50.190]and read the label.
[00:45:51.620]Many pesticide products already contain and adjuvant.
[00:45:58.700]Mixing two or more pesticides,
[00:46:00.680]or mixing a pesticide and fertilizer, may have advantages.
[00:46:04.190]By applying them in a single application,
[00:46:06.170]you reduce the cost and time of making two applications.
[00:46:09.570]In some situations, the pesticides may show synergism,
[00:46:13.200]that is the application of the two together
[00:46:15.470]may be more effective than either applied alone.
[00:46:19.400]If you can make such a mixture without reducing safety
[00:46:21.920]or effectiveness, the mixture is considered compatible.
[00:46:26.640]If safety or effectiveness is reduced,
[00:46:28.780]the mixture is considered to be incompatible.
[00:46:32.080]It can cause active ingredients to become ineffective
[00:46:35.040]or may increase environmental hazards
[00:46:36.750]such as phytotoxicity, which is harm to plants.
[00:46:40.580]Physical incompatibility can result in unwanted physical
[00:46:43.670]and often visible changes in the mixture,
[00:46:45.920]such as solidifying of the material,
[00:46:49.160]which deposits on the bottom of the spray tank,
[00:46:52.070]formulation of separate layers of components
[00:46:54.380]following agitation, formation of large aggregates or clumps
[00:46:58.760]or curdling of the mixture.
[00:47:01.360]Chemical incompatibility can occur when pesticides
[00:47:03.710]are mixed together
[00:47:04.660]or when pesticides and fertilizers are mixed,
[00:47:07.240]especially where highly acidic
[00:47:08.700]or alkaline materials are used.
[00:47:11.110]Heat or fizzing are signs of chemical incompatibility.
[00:47:15.290]The product label will often provide testing procedures
[00:47:17.930]for determining incompatibility.
[00:47:20.370]In addition, you can use the jar test
[00:47:22.490]to test for incompatibility.
[00:47:25.120]More often these days, tank mixes of two or more compounds
[00:47:28.560]are specified on pesticide labels.
[00:47:31.190]You can minimize compatibility problems by using
[00:47:33.780]these previously tested and registered combinations.
[00:47:38.280]If specific combinations are not listed on the label,
[00:47:41.270]pesticide applicators are allowed to make tank mixtures
[00:47:44.100]unless the label prohibits them.
[00:47:46.360]A manufacturer will list
[00:47:47.580]known incompatibilities on the label.
[00:47:50.140]However, keep and mind that some incompatibility
[00:47:52.580]can still occur even if not listed on the label,
[00:47:55.630]especially as new products enter the market.
[00:47:58.360]If specific tank mixes have not been tested extensively,
[00:48:01.840]please use caution.
[00:48:03.284](easygoing instrumental music)
[00:48:08.530]Hi, welcome back.
[00:48:09.840]Now, I'm gonna go over a few safe pesticide storage
[00:48:12.720]and disposal tips with you for just some general knowledge.
[00:48:16.950]You want to make sure to follow all the label directions
[00:48:19.900]when storing.
[00:48:21.010]Sometimes there are specific temperature requirements
[00:48:24.410]for certain pesticides.
[00:48:25.550]You don't want them to freeze, to make them break down,
[00:48:28.480]and you don't want them too hot to possibly cause
[00:48:31.420]an explosion or something that might be temperature related.
[00:48:36.860]Another storage thing is you don't want to buy more
[00:48:39.570]than you need.
[00:48:40.403]One of the things is the size of your storage unit.
[00:48:44.300]You don't want it to be too large,
[00:48:46.810]and by regulating the size of your purchase,
[00:48:51.920]you will be able to ensure that you don't have
[00:48:54.960]an unnecessary large building for storing your pesticides,
[00:48:58.960]and as well as stockpiling doesn't do you any favors,
[00:49:02.560]because potential changes in labels and formulations
[00:49:06.580]and the buildup of resistance could cause that product
[00:49:09.450]to go to waste, so you'll be wasting money
[00:49:11.430]as well as having to dispose of a large quantity
[00:49:14.330]of pesticides that are concentrated.
[00:49:18.690]Another major important thing is to store pesticides
[00:49:22.520]in their original containers.
[00:49:25.160]Not only does the label list important information,
[00:49:27.740]such as ingredients,
[00:49:29.310]directions on how to use that pesticide,
[00:49:31.900]but it also has directions for what to do
[00:49:34.290]if somebody does come in contact with that
[00:49:37.510]and is poisoned by it.
[00:49:39.040]So it's important to keep all that information contained
[00:49:41.920]and together so that you have it when you need it.
[00:49:45.800]Never, never store pesticides in a container
[00:49:49.089]other than its original container,
[00:49:52.276]such as a soft drink or a food container.
[00:49:56.530]They can be mistaken as a drink that is drinkable,
[00:50:00.830]and it will cause pesticide poisoning
[00:50:03.040]and sometimes death.
[00:50:04.780]So make sure to always use the original container.
[00:50:09.370]When storing your pesticides,
[00:50:11.270]make sure you have a locked storage device.
[00:50:13.810]You want to make sure that it's clearly labeled,
[00:50:17.040]such as this sign,
[00:50:18.780]so people know what's stored in there,
[00:50:20.450]so they don't just kind of meander in there looking around
[00:50:23.230]at different things.
[00:50:24.640]Make sure it's well ventilated,
[00:50:26.950]so that it regulates the temperature better,
[00:50:30.230]and it doesn't have a buildup of fumes.
[00:50:35.130]So moving on to protecting water sources.
[00:50:37.930]Make sure your storage isn't where floods happen.
[00:50:42.980]You don't want any water coming up through the floor,
[00:50:45.380]seeping through cracks, so that it can possibly leech out
[00:50:50.060]and contaminate water sources.
[00:50:53.320]Don't store pesticides near ground water, wells,
[00:50:58.120]any place that it can contaminate larger water sources.
[00:51:01.290]And we'll talk about more water contamination later.
[00:51:07.350]Flammability, some of these pesticides are flammable,
[00:51:11.230]and they, like we talked about
[00:51:13.020]with the temperature regulations, you want to store them
[00:51:15.180]away from any sort of increased heat source.
[00:51:20.110]Keep them away from fire.
[00:51:21.740]You want to keep them away from furnaces, cars,
[00:51:24.270]outdoor grills, lawnmower, anything that could possibly
[00:51:27.100]lead to combustion of these chemicals
[00:51:29.950]and cause a flammable incident.
[00:51:36.350]Again with food, you wanna make sure that these chemicals
[00:51:39.830]are kept away from food, animals, pets,
[00:51:43.570]anything that could potentially be contaminated
[00:51:47.870]by the presence of these chemicals.
[00:51:51.080]Make sure to keep it out of reach of children.
[00:51:54.010]They can reach higher than you think,
[00:51:55.820]so make sure to store some of them on high shelves
[00:52:00.310]and pets are known to just be curious,
[00:52:03.330]so make sure you keep it locked up and away from them.
[00:52:07.030]When choosing a storage device,
[00:52:11.150]make sure that you use a solid, sturdy shelving
[00:52:14.680]that it can support the weights of the chemicals.
[00:52:18.098]We suggest using metal shelving,
[00:52:20.330]'cause it makes for easier cleanup.
[00:52:21.920]It doesn't absorb into the wood,
[00:52:23.900]so then you don't have to replace it as often.
[00:52:28.240]And when organizing, you can see here
[00:52:31.210]that the light pesticides are on top,
[00:52:34.600]and then it gradually gets heavier,
[00:52:36.850]and so you want to make sure that the heavy ones
[00:52:39.180]are on the bottom, so that it doesn't break a shelf.
[00:52:42.040]And while you're storing it,
[00:52:43.190]you also want to try and keep liquids lower at the bottom
[00:52:46.130]so that they don't drip onto and contaminate
[00:52:48.540]other pesticides that might be lower than them
[00:52:51.390]if there is a leak.
[00:52:54.680]Make sure you keep a list of your products.
[00:52:57.520]This helps not only with in case something's missing
[00:53:01.390]you know what products you have,
[00:53:03.380]and you can have a list of what is being used.
[00:53:09.150]And so not only can you tell what's being used,
[00:53:11.840]but you can keep track of the quantities,
[00:53:14.060]and so when you take some out, you know how much you have.
[00:53:17.070]It helps with reordering.
[00:53:18.590]It helps with just maintaining a use of
[00:53:22.186]what's being consumed and what you have left available.
[00:53:25.750]So, again, you don't overstock and waste money.
[00:53:30.660]Safe disposal.
[00:53:33.320]In small amounts, you want to apply them
[00:53:35.570]according to the label on sites that are appropriate
[00:53:42.060]with the label.
[00:53:44.980]You don't want to pour it out.
[00:53:46.710]You don't wanna pour it down a drain, a toilet,
[00:53:49.010]sewer, or a street drain, because that can potentially
[00:53:52.030]contaminate other water supplies.
[00:53:55.590]If you're running on a sewage system,
[00:53:58.260]it might interfere with their treatment
[00:54:00.470]as well as septic systems,
[00:54:02.190]so you wanna be really careful where you dispose of this
[00:54:05.780]and dispose of it according to the label.
[00:54:07.935](easygoing instrumental music)
[00:54:13.240]Hello, I'm Cheryl Alberts.
[00:54:15.370]Today's topic is the proper protocol
[00:54:17.670]to clean up pesticide spills.
[00:54:20.200]We call this the three Cs.
[00:54:22.840]Before getting into the specifics of the three Cs,
[00:54:25.890]let's think about how pesticide spills occur.
[00:54:29.866]Despite our best careful efforts, containers overturn,
[00:54:34.570]tanks slosh, hoses leak, valves crack.
[00:54:38.320]These can occur without your even knowing it.
[00:54:41.110]You could have a leak down a city street,
[00:54:43.430]on a country road, or over a bridge.
[00:54:46.900]What do you do if you have a pesticide leaking on a road
[00:54:50.300]that has organic fields on either side of it?
[00:54:53.790]These situations are highly possible.
[00:54:56.410]By the end of this segment, you will be better prepared
[00:54:59.320]with how to deal with pesticide spills.
[00:55:02.930]The main goal is to keep yourself, others,
[00:55:05.450]and the environment safe.
[00:55:07.560]Of course the highest priority is to immediately administer
[00:55:10.570]firs aid to anyone injured.
[00:55:13.350]Being prepared also means having quick access
[00:55:15.710]to additional personal protective equipment, PPE,
[00:55:19.870]and a pesticide spill kit.
[00:55:22.550]All applicators must know how to respond
[00:55:24.660]to a pesticide spill.
[00:55:26.790]The three Cs can help you remember how to deal with spills,
[00:55:30.420]small or large, liquid or dry.
[00:55:33.627]The three Cs are: control, contain, and clean up.
[00:55:38.867]Let's take each of the three Cs individually.
[00:55:44.800]Before tending to a spill,
[00:55:46.220]quickly protect yourself with proper PPE.
[00:55:49.230]At minimum, long-sleeved shirt, long pants,
[00:55:52.140]shoes, socks, and gloves.
[00:55:54.590]Use the pesticide label as your guide.
[00:55:57.540]Follow recommended mixing and loading PPE
[00:56:00.170]for cleaning up the spilled product.
[00:56:03.010]If need be, wear goggles
[00:56:04.660]and chemical resistant gloves and boots,
[00:56:07.240]especially if your shoes would get saturated
[00:56:09.590]with a liquid pesticide or concentrate.
[00:56:12.990]Protective coveralls also might be in order.
[00:56:16.880]We'll no go ahead and address the first C, control.
[00:56:20.880]Control the spill, stop the leak.
[00:56:24.460]If a container is turned over, for example,
[00:56:26.870]put the container upright to stop the spill.
[00:56:30.040]For a container that's leaking,
[00:56:31.770]put it into a larger container.
[00:56:34.530]If that's not possible, try to plug the leak
[00:56:37.580]or close the valve.
[00:56:39.270]The goal is to stop the spill.
[00:56:43.023]As the spill is being controlled, make needed phone calls.
[00:56:47.160]Start with the Nebraska State Patrol, 800-525-5555.
[00:56:53.660]The Patrol is the best first resource
[00:56:56.060]and will know what to do.
[00:56:58.240]Labels and safety data sheets provide critical information
[00:57:01.640]to emergency responders.
[00:57:03.730]Have them available.
[00:57:07.350]For large spills, send for help.
[00:57:09.810]Stay at the site to ensure no one becomes endangered.
[00:57:15.455]For emergencies, besides the State Patrol,
[00:57:18.540]contact the manufacturer for advice on clean up.
[00:57:22.490]The emergency number is on the product label.
[00:57:27.070]Controlling a spill also involves roping off
[00:57:29.990]the contaminated area to keep people out.
[00:57:33.370]Create a 30-foot perimeter around the area.
[00:57:36.830]Avoid contact with pesticide drift or fumes
[00:57:39.710]from the spilled pesticide.
[00:57:42.210]If the material is flammable, avoid using flares.
[00:57:46.030]Consider downwind areas and evacuate people
[00:57:48.680]who could be exposed.
[00:57:51.310]This sums up the first C, control.
[00:57:55.940]The second of the three Cs is to contain the spill.
[00:57:59.880]This is where you pesticide spill kit comes in.
[00:58:02.990]It should include PPE, shovel, broom,
[00:58:06.590]absorbent materials, and trash bags.
[00:58:10.500]The spill must be contained to prevent it from spreading.
[00:58:14.210]Build a dam or dyke around the spill
[00:58:16.550]with materials from the spill kit.
[00:58:19.080]Spilled pesticides should never enter water,
[00:58:21.940]including sewers and drains.
[00:58:24.670]If the spilled pesticide enters water,
[00:58:27.140]immediately contact the Nebraska State Patrol.
[00:58:31.090]Also notify the local emergency planning coordinator,
[00:58:34.570]sheriff or local police.
[00:58:36.900]Immediate action is required,
[00:58:38.910]since it may be necessary to notify downstream users.
[00:58:44.770]Containing large spills can be quite an undertaking.
[00:58:48.180]The top photo shows spill containment in a river
[00:58:51.130]to prevent further downstream contamination.
[00:58:54.450]Remember, keep pesticides out of water.
[00:58:58.835]For spills on a nonporous surface,
[00:59:01.400]like a containment pad or storage room floor,
[00:59:04.490]spread absorbent materials over the spill.
[00:59:07.580]Absorbent flakes, fine sand, vermiculite,
[00:59:10.760]clay, and pet litter absorb pesticides well.
[00:59:14.210]Don't use sawdust if the pesticide is a strong oxidizer
[00:59:17.970]as that would create a fire hazard.
[00:59:20.750]Absorbent pillows, tubes, or pads are convenient to use
[00:59:25.050]but must be disposed of properly.
[00:59:27.780]If possible, use an absorbent that can be diluted
[00:59:30.780]and applied to a labeled site to prevent disposal problems.
[00:59:35.610]Thinking ahead and having a well supplied
[00:59:37.930]pesticide spill kit can save a lot of headaches.
[00:59:42.920]Spill pesticide dust, wettable powders,
[00:59:45.690]and granular formulations can be lightly misted
[00:59:49.040]to contain them, or you could cover them with plastic.
[00:59:53.940]So far we've covered two of the three Cs,
[00:59:56.980]control and contain.
[00:59:59.270]The third and final C is clean up.
[01:00:04.790]To clean up the spill, pour absorbent material,
[01:00:07.940]such as kitty litter, on the liquid product.
[01:00:11.160]Give it time to soak up the spill,
[01:00:13.460]then sweep it up and place it in a container
[01:00:15.900]for later use or for disposal.
[01:00:19.610]After the material is collected, decontaminate the area.
[01:00:23.540]Mix up a solution of 30% bleach or hydrated lime
[01:00:28.360]and work it into the contaminated area with a coarse broom.
[01:00:32.800]Use clean up information provided by the manufacturer
[01:00:36.120]or registrant for best results.
[01:00:39.970]Always wear protective equipment when cleaning up
[01:00:42.450]pesticide spills.
[01:00:44.260]When decontaminating the spill area
[01:00:46.540]do not use bleach and lime together,
[01:00:49.990]as the combination can create a poisonous gas.
[01:00:54.330]It may be necessary to repeat the application
[01:00:56.910]of bleach or lime to thoroughly decontaminate the area.
[01:01:03.010]What if soil is contaminated during a pesticide spill?
[01:01:07.220]In that case the top two to three inches of soil
[01:01:09.900]must be removed.
[01:01:11.560]The contaminated soil must then be mixed with clean soil
[01:01:15.490]and applied at or below the labeled rate to a labeled site.
[01:01:21.440]If contaminated soil can't be legally applied,
[01:01:24.970]it is considered hazardous waste.
[01:01:28.260]That means it's potentially harmful to people
[01:01:31.290]and/or the environment and must have special disposal.
[01:01:35.990]To recondition the soil,
[01:01:37.810]layer two inches of lime over the area,
[01:01:40.990]then add fresh topsoil over the lime.
[01:01:44.660]If the spill is minor, activated charcoal can also
[01:01:48.020]effectively decontaminate an area.
[01:01:52.240]Remember that after cleaning up a spill,
[01:01:54.930]equipment also needs to be cleaned.
[01:01:58.130]Clean equipment with a 30% bleach or alkaline detergent.
[01:02:03.610]Wear PPE during the decontamination process.
[01:02:07.230]Never mix bleach and detergent.
[01:02:11.320]After the pesticide spill has been cleaned up,
[01:02:14.260]discard brooms and any clothing or materials
[01:02:17.380]that may have been contaminated
[01:02:19.350]or that cannot be decontaminated.
[01:02:23.520]PPE that's disposable,
[01:02:25.770]or any that has been highly contaminated,
[01:02:28.250]should be properly discarded as household hazardous waste.
[01:02:33.240]Wash yourself thoroughly with soap and water
[01:02:36.060]to remove possible pesticide contamination
[01:02:39.020]that may have occurred during the clean-up process.
[01:02:43.320]And then there's paperwork.
[01:02:45.590]When a spill occurs, record all the clean-up procedures
[01:02:48.710]that were used.
[01:02:50.210]This is for your legal protection.
[01:02:54.100]Keep records of all activities that were conducted
[01:02:56.770]during the emergency, including conversations
[01:02:59.840]with regulatory authorities, emergency personnel,
[01:03:03.530]and the public.
[01:03:05.460]Your records must clearly show
[01:03:07.330]how emergency response progressed
[01:03:10.280]and how you acted in the best way possible
[01:03:13.360]to protect people and the environment.
[01:03:16.470]As with so many aspects relating to pesticides,
[01:03:19.980]good documentation is critical.
[01:03:24.280]We'll briefly mention disposal of and recycling containers.
[01:03:29.590]When it comes to disposing of and recycling
[01:03:32.390]empty pesticide containers, remember to read the storage
[01:03:36.240]and disposal section of the label.
[01:03:39.360]All storage and disposal directions must be followed.
[01:03:44.590]Triple-rinse or pressure-rinse
[01:03:46.310]all empty pesticide containers immediately.
[01:03:49.530]Use the container rinse water in the spay batch
[01:03:52.200]you're making up.
[01:03:54.640]Unrinsed containers are considered hazardous waste.
[01:03:58.300]Doesn't it make sense to clean containers right away
[01:04:01.370]so any residue doesn't become sticky and harder to remove?
[01:04:05.750]Store clean containers in a special section
[01:04:08.620]of your pesticide storage facility.
[01:04:12.690]Properly rinsed pesticide containers can be recycled
[01:04:16.160]through the Agricultural Container Recycling Council.
[01:04:20.400]Nebraska extension works with the council
[01:04:23.110]in collecting and hauling clean containers.
[01:04:26.600]For more, see pested.unl.edu.
[01:04:31.880]When rinsing containers and your application equipment,
[01:04:36.310]make the initial rinse to the application site.
[01:04:40.190]Tank rinse water can be stored in holding tanks
[01:04:43.140]for later use as mix water for tank batches.
[01:04:48.450]Remember the key points of this segment are the three Cs:
[01:04:51.940]control, contain, and clean up
[01:04:55.070]and proper container disposal when it comes to pesticides.
[01:04:59.339](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:05:07.070]Hi, I'm Greg Kreuger.
[01:05:08.390]I'm a weed science and pesticide application
[01:05:10.450]technology specialist at the University of Nebraska,
[01:05:12.620]Lincoln's West Central Research and Extension Center
[01:05:14.790]in North Platte.
[01:05:15.950]Today, I'm gonna talk through how to clean a tank
[01:05:19.640]and why it's important to go through cleaning a sprayer
[01:05:22.730]out thoroughly.
[01:05:23.870]So when we talk about spray applications,
[01:05:28.160]the tank clean-out part is one of the most crucial,
[01:05:30.590]because we don't want to carry one pesticide
[01:05:33.450]from one field, or one crop, into another crop.
[01:05:36.655]There's risk for damage of that subsequent crop,
[01:05:40.572]which could result in yield loss
[01:05:42.560]or economic losses in other ways,
[01:05:45.260]as well as fields that don't look
[01:05:47.760]quite the way we want 'em to,
[01:05:49.430]so we have these unaesthetic situations.
[01:05:52.380]So making sure that we thoroughly clean that sprayer out
[01:05:56.270]when we get finished with one application
[01:05:57.870]before we move to another is absolutely critical.
[01:06:00.680]Now with that said,
[01:06:02.060]as we move into using more and more dicamba tolerant crops,
[01:06:06.920]we're seeing that this is even more critical
[01:06:09.450]because of some of the very, very low doses of dicamba,
[01:06:13.580]they can cause injury in nondicamba-tolerant soybeans.
[01:06:17.140]So when we talk about tank clean out,
[01:06:19.860]it's really important as we look ahead,
[01:06:22.580]we're seeing more and more restrictions
[01:06:24.300]on pesticide applications,
[01:06:26.570]documenting how and when we've cleaned out that sprayer.
[01:06:30.260]So making sure that we do a thorough job is important
[01:06:33.290]to minimize any kind of risk of injury to subsequent crops
[01:06:37.510]and making sure that we've got the proper documentation
[01:06:40.810]from a legal standpoint.
[01:06:42.540]So when we think about cleaning out a sprayer,
[01:06:44.685]all sprayers have a few common parts in common.
[01:06:48.810]The first one's the tank,
[01:06:50.430]and this is the biggest harbor for potential residues,
[01:06:53.780]so when we start to clean out the sprayer,
[01:06:56.500]the first place we're gonna think,
[01:06:58.760]this tank is gonna hold whatever we were sprayin'.
[01:07:02.300]We've got to make sure we get inside there
[01:07:04.060]and rinse down the walls and get that clean.
[01:07:07.002]Every application we would recommend a triple rinse.
[01:07:10.680]Some labels may be even more restrictive than that,
[01:07:13.120]so make sure you consult the label
[01:07:14.670]for the product you're using.
[01:07:16.240]From the tank, that solution when we're makin'
[01:07:19.150]a spray application is gonna run into the hoses.
[01:07:21.810]The hoses are the second place that we're gonna start
[01:07:23.960]to think about in terms of potential risk
[01:07:26.420]of tank contamination.
[01:07:28.510]So cleaning out those hoses and lines are gonna be critical.
[01:07:32.190]Again, like we said with the tank,
[01:07:34.740]triple rinse is gonna be good.
[01:07:36.370]We're gonna wanna flush that boom with fresh water,
[01:07:38.870]clean water, to make sure we get everything out of the tank.
[01:07:43.700]Some of our new sprayers, self-propelled sprayers,
[01:07:46.503]which are gonna be much larger than the one behind me,
[01:07:49.770]could hold as much as 50 gallons of solution
[01:07:53.080]after that tank is completely emptied,
[01:07:55.140]just in the hoses, lines, and pumps,
[01:07:57.870]so making sure that we get all that solution
[01:08:01.160]that could be sittin' in those lines is gonna be critical.
[01:08:05.650]On top of that, on the backside here,
[01:08:07.420]you can see that we've got a filter system.
[01:08:10.030]Pullin' off those filters that could harbor residues
[01:08:14.010]is gonna be critical, makin' sure those filters are clean
[01:08:16.320]when we go into that next field, that next crop,
[01:08:19.710]with the different pesticide is important.
[01:08:22.520]The other place that we wanna check is the nozzles.
[01:08:25.780]At the nozzles we a lot of times have tip screens
[01:08:28.850]where the nozzles themselves could be harbors for residues.
[01:08:32.250]Making sure that those are clean is also important.
[01:08:36.530]Again, every sprayer's gonna have those components.
[01:08:40.200]How many different filters and nozzles
[01:08:43.670]and whether we have nozzle screens is gonna vary
[01:08:46.390]from sprayer to sprayer, but all those components
[01:08:48.840]are potential harbors for residues.
[01:08:52.150]Now, when we start to think about how we set up a sprayer,
[01:08:55.670]I know when I go to purchase a new sprayer,
[01:08:58.408]tank contamination's not the first thing on my mind,
[01:09:01.800]but as we think about purchasing or building a new sprayer,
[01:09:06.330]you may want to consider some of these components
[01:09:08.410]as we do that.
[01:09:09.780]Again, starting with the tank,
[01:09:11.490]if we go to a stainless steel tank,
[01:09:13.370]stainless steel tanks tend to be much easier to clean out,
[01:09:16.150]less likely to harbor residues.
[01:09:18.250]Some of the poly tanks,
[01:09:19.890]if we leave a spray solution set in that tank,
[01:09:23.010]over time those pesticides can pull into the plastic,
[01:09:26.220]making it more difficult to get those cleaned out.
[01:09:29.270]When we think about our hoses,
[01:09:30.950]that's another good place to think about
[01:09:32.790]when we're puttin' a new sprayer together.
[01:09:35.110]Generally speaking, you get what ya pay for.
[01:09:38.140]Lot of times, what we see is the higher-end hoses
[01:09:40.950]tend to have less pitting in them,
[01:09:43.100]and they're much easier to clean.
[01:09:45.240]Those polyethylene jacketed hoses and things like that,
[01:09:48.630]while they do cost more, will probably lead to less trouble
[01:09:52.220]in terms of tank contamination in the future.
[01:09:55.460]All right, so when we're cleaning our sprayer out,
[01:09:57.340]obviously if we're triple rinsin' this thing,
[01:09:59.730]we're gonna create quite a bit of waste.
[01:10:03.143]The first thing one should think about
[01:10:05.590]is when and where to clean that sprayer,
[01:10:07.550]and we talked about between every crop,
[01:10:10.800]or maybe even more often than that as the label guides us
[01:10:15.260]is important.
[01:10:16.890]When we do triple rinse that sprayer,
[01:10:18.700]we've gotta dispose of that rinsate somewhere.
[01:10:22.290]The best time to do it is while you're still in the field
[01:10:24.950]that you've just finished spraying.
[01:10:26.840]Go ahead and get that triple rinse in and spray it back out
[01:10:30.460]over the field where we're not at any risk
[01:10:32.310]of causing damage to an environmental area
[01:10:35.620]that we don't want to be in.
[01:10:38.070]If I can't do that, another option is to take that sprayer
[01:10:41.000]back to the shop, if I've got a loading pad that has a drain
[01:10:46.030]that is collect that rinsate,
[01:10:47.720]so we could also look at doing it that way.
[01:10:50.990]Beyond that the options are not really good,
[01:10:53.090]so those are probably the first two places
[01:10:55.300]that one should think about cleaning out a sprayer.
[01:10:58.923]All right, as we think about cleaning this sprayer out,
[01:11:02.150]there's couple standard procedures
[01:11:04.410]that we wanna make sure we do.
[01:11:06.120]The triple rinse we've talked about in detail.
[01:11:09.260]On top of that,
[01:11:10.510]one of the things we would want to talk about
[01:11:12.510]is if we're flushing that boom,
[01:11:14.810]a lot of our new sprayers have some sort of end cap
[01:11:19.481]or some sort of cap on the end of that boom
[01:11:21.910]so that we can pull that off,
[01:11:23.600]flush out anything that might've settled in there.
[01:11:26.700]This particular sprayer doesn't have that,
[01:11:28.560]but a lot of our sprayers do.
[01:11:30.340]Another thing we wanna do is go ahead
[01:11:31.590]and just go down the line, pull those nozzles off,
[01:11:34.920]put 'em in a five-gallon bucket of water,
[01:11:37.180]let 'em soak so that we get all of the residues
[01:11:40.630]and stuff off that way.
[01:11:42.120]And I know it's time consuming and a lot of you probably
[01:11:46.280]aren't gonna take my advice on this,
[01:11:47.590]but with the toxicity and the low-dose response
[01:11:52.360]of some of the pesticides we handle,
[01:11:54.290]just taking a quick few minutes to take a pressure washer
[01:11:57.340]or some sort of sprayer and wash down
[01:11:59.690]the entire spray system could be really crucial
[01:12:03.100]in terms of mitigating unintended effects
[01:12:05.480]from tank contamination or sprayer contamination.
[01:12:09.630]As we go about this, it becomes really critical,
[01:12:13.952]make sure you consult that label.
[01:12:16.810]Every label's gonna have a little bit different guidance
[01:12:19.270]on how to clean out that sprayer,
[01:12:20.890]and we're seein' that most labels are becoming
[01:12:22.870]more and more specific in terms of the procedures
[01:12:25.610]that they wanna see you follow to make that sprayer
[01:12:28.990]as clean as possible at the end of the day.
[01:12:31.490]All right, so now that we're kinds reachin' the end
[01:12:34.050]of this segment, we wanna kinda circle back around.
[01:12:37.290]As we talked about in the very beginning,
[01:12:39.460]I'm gonna beg you guys,
[01:12:41.000]make sure you use the appropriate PPE,
[01:12:44.090]make sure you've got the gloves, long sleeved coat,
[01:12:46.870]long pants, close-toed shoes,
[01:12:49.040]glasses or other eye protection.
[01:12:52.440]In some cases certain labels may require even more than that
[01:12:56.400]so make sure you have that appropriate PPE
[01:12:58.540]for whatever products you might've been using.
[01:13:01.559]When you do that, it really helps protect you
[01:13:05.366]from potential exposure to those chemistries.
[01:13:08.750]Now, again, just to wrap things up here.
[01:13:13.600]Cleaning out that tank is absolutely critical.
[01:13:16.500]In some cases, there are certain crops that are so sensitive
[01:13:20.750]to some of the pesticides out there that you really can't
[01:13:24.070]spend too much time and you can't get that sprayer too clean
[01:13:26.900]so when you're cleanin' out that sprayer
[01:13:29.070]at the end of the day,
[01:13:30.330]make sure you're keepin' records of that,
[01:13:33.057]so that you're in compliance with any potential
[01:13:36.469]label guidelines or restrictions there,
[01:13:39.390]as well as making sure we get that sprayer
[01:13:41.250]absolutely as clean as possible so that we don't cause
[01:13:43.850]any unintended effects.
[01:13:45.506](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:13:59.860]Hi, my name is Greg Puckett.
[01:14:01.680]I'm an extension assistant
[01:14:02.860]with the Pesticide Safety Education program.
[01:14:05.900]Nebraska's full of plants, animals, and natural resources
[01:14:09.640]that it is important for us as pesticide applicators
[01:14:12.250]to protect.
[01:14:13.860]I'd like to pass it off to some specialists
[01:14:15.930]for them to talk about some of these resources in depth.
[01:14:21.140]Hello, my name's Craig Romary
[01:14:22.600]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[01:14:24.670]and today I'll be talking about DriftWatch and BeeCheck.
[01:14:28.910]Both of these can be considered the same thing.
[01:14:32.290]They're an online registry and map
[01:14:34.260]for commercial specialty crops
[01:14:36.640]that usually are smaller in size
[01:14:38.870]and may not be as noticeable out there in the landscape.
[01:14:42.600]They're potentially more sensitive to pesticide injury
[01:14:46.450]and crop loss.
[01:14:48.360]The main purpose of this service is to
[01:14:51.150]promote communication, two-way communication,
[01:14:53.590]between pesticide applicators
[01:14:55.740]and the people who have those specialty crops
[01:14:58.010]and apiary sites.
[01:15:00.910]This is an example of the DriftWatch map
[01:15:03.060]showing a variety of crops,
[01:15:05.910]and you can zoom into those locations
[01:15:08.180]to get a better idea of where they're at,
[01:15:11.530]and you can click on any of those bubbles
[01:15:14.160]to get the contact information for the grower
[01:15:17.540]having that site,
[01:15:18.890]if they have made that contact information available.
[01:15:22.180]And if so, you can contact them and let them know
[01:15:24.600]what you plan to do in that area.
[01:15:28.710]So there are three ways you can use this service.
[01:15:31.830]The first way is to just simply go to the website,
[01:15:34.950]and I'll provide that URL later, and this is free of charge.
[01:15:39.300]You'll be able to see all of the crop sites
[01:15:41.780]and most of the beehives.
[01:15:43.550]Beekeepers have the option to only display their sites
[01:15:46.970]to registered applicators,
[01:15:49.150]applicators who are registered in DriftWatch,
[01:15:52.510]and so you may not see all of them at the public map.
[01:15:55.870]The second way is to register yourself on FieldWatch
[01:16:00.310]and DriftWatch as an applicator,
[01:16:02.180]and that's also free of charge.
[01:16:04.530]You'll be able to see all of the crop sites
[01:16:06.760]all of the beehives, and you'll get email notifications
[01:16:09.640]when new information is added to the map
[01:16:12.140]in the area that you select.
[01:16:14.380]And lastly on this section,
[01:16:16.080]you'll be able to download the FieldCheck app
[01:16:18.500]and that's new this year, available on your smartphone,
[01:16:21.630]so that you'll have that information readily at hand.
[01:16:25.968]And the last thing is a dated membership
[01:16:29.260]for data subscription,
[01:16:31.250]and that is an annual fee from FieldWatch,
[01:16:34.550]and by having that you'll be able to get these data
[01:16:38.810]to your mapping software, and that is also free of charge
[01:16:42.810]for federal, local, state government agencies as well,
[01:16:45.980]so, please, you can take advantage of that service.
[01:16:49.710]So this is the website, fieldwatch.com,
[01:16:53.010]and this is where applicators need to go to register,
[01:16:56.670]clicking this image right here of the airplane,
[01:16:59.490]and it's also called FieldWatch.
[01:17:01.940]And if you don't want to register,
[01:17:04.140]if you just want to go to the DriftWatch map,
[01:17:07.020]you can go to the address down at the bottom of the screen.
[01:17:12.430]And that's all I have.
[01:17:13.820]If you have any questions, this is my contact information,
[01:17:16.980]and I'll try to help you as best I can.
[01:17:19.928](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:17:36.570]Hi, I'm Judy Wu-Smart.
[01:17:38.380]I'm an assistant professor and extension specialist for UNL.
[01:17:43.290]We're here at the Eastern Nebraska Research
[01:17:46.210]and Extension Center.
[01:17:48.030]We're here to talk about the importance of pollinators,
[01:17:50.360]particularly bees, in agricultural settings.
[01:17:53.270]These are critical pollinators
[01:17:55.350]for not only our native landscapes, but for numerous crops.
[01:17:58.750]Over 130 different fruits, vegetables, and nuts
[01:18:02.290]depend on the services that these bees provide.
[01:18:04.970]And so we're here to talk a little bit more
[01:18:07.130]about the landscape and how bees are impacted
[01:18:10.080]by agricultural practices.
[01:18:12.420]In a state in Nebraska, we have a lot of changes
[01:18:15.030]and landscapes are utilized for a lot
[01:18:17.990]of agricultural production but as well as urbanization.
[01:18:21.590]And so these bees are impacted by the changes
[01:18:25.000]in these landscapes, particularly because it reduces
[01:18:27.720]the amount and the abundance and diversity of resources,
[01:18:31.520]such as these flowers out here,
[01:18:33.810]which are critical for their nutrition
[01:18:37.290]and their health in general.
[01:18:38.840]There are over 3600 different species of bees
[01:18:43.970]in the United States, 20,000 worldwide.
[01:18:47.963]Several of these species are used as managed pollinators
[01:18:52.530]for crop production, but there are thousands more
[01:18:56.060]that are just in the landscape,
[01:18:57.940]and we have very little knowledge about how our practices
[01:19:01.500]are impacting their healths.
[01:19:03.500]So some of these manage pollinators are the honeybees
[01:19:06.270]and bumblebees, also some mason bees and blue orchard bees.
[01:19:09.900]They're critical for pollinating the orchards and the crops
[01:19:13.940]and not all plants require insect pollination,
[01:19:18.380]however, some do get a benefit in yield.
[01:19:23.650]Pollination also improves taste and uniformity
[01:19:26.700]in some of these plants and crops,
[01:19:29.020]and then all the wild pollinators are helping us shape
[01:19:33.420]the landscape for other wildlife,
[01:19:36.480]and so their critical to sustaining Nebraska's resources
[01:19:39.760]and our landscapes in our natural habitats.
[01:19:42.630]So there's a lot of concern over the role pesticides play
[01:19:45.640]in affecting bee health,
[01:19:47.160]and there are a lot of different types of chemicals,
[01:19:49.570]so when we're discussing the impacts of pesticides,
[01:19:52.330]we really do have a lot of considerations to make.
[01:19:55.020]Not all compounds will outright kill a bee.
[01:19:57.920]Some will cause behavioral or cognitive impairments,
[01:20:02.110]and these sublethal effects their ability
[01:20:04.580]to forage for resources and rear brood
[01:20:06.860]and successfully survive.
[01:20:08.770]Some of these can also weaken their immune system
[01:20:11.380]so that they become more susceptible
[01:20:13.550]to diseases and parasites.
[01:20:15.537]There are other chemicals that cause indirect effects,
[01:20:18.500]such as herbicides.
[01:20:19.830]When you spray down an entire landscape
[01:20:22.660]to remove all the flowering weeds,
[01:20:26.670]you're essentially eliminating the abundance and diversity
[01:20:29.420]of forage for those bees,
[01:20:31.200]and that can alter their ability
[01:20:33.160]to mount immune responses to fight some of the diseases
[01:20:38.320]and parasites that they have to deal with,
[01:20:40.240]and so it can critically weaken a colony
[01:20:43.450]or the bees themselves.
[01:20:45.110]So what I like people to remember is to practice
[01:20:49.040]pesticide stewardship and integrate a pesticide management
[01:20:53.900]is a critical piece in that.
[01:20:55.810]Just remember that the landscape,
[01:20:58.340]you're trying to not only produce a crop,
[01:21:01.150]but protect the resources of that landscape
[01:21:03.300]and that includes the pollinators.
[01:21:05.510]So think about timing of applications,
[01:21:08.270]think about the actual compounds of those applications,
[01:21:11.430]and think about what you have around in your landscape,
[01:21:14.710]try to mow down weeds before you spray,
[01:21:17.330]try to make weeds and flowering plants available
[01:21:20.450]for those pollinators so that they do have somewhere to go
[01:21:23.611]away from the field where the target application
[01:21:26.920]is occurring.
[01:21:27.930]And so there are a lot of considerations to make,
[01:21:30.040]but there is a way to find a balance
[01:21:32.230]between crop production and pollinators protection.
[01:21:36.425](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:22:02.050]Good afternoon, I'm Katie Kreuser.
[01:22:03.730]I'm the Hop Program Coordinator
[01:22:05.620]for the University of Nebraska Extension.
[01:22:08.150]We're out here at the UNL hop plots on East Campus
[01:22:12.430]to talk about hops and their sensitivity to drift.
[01:22:16.310]In recent years, hops have emerged as a high value
[01:22:19.170]specialty crop in many states, including Nebraska.
[01:22:23.070]Hops are the cones, or the flowers, of the annual vines
[01:22:26.250]that emerge each year and from a perennial crown,
[01:22:29.680]and they grow clockwise up an 18-foot tall trellis system.
[01:22:34.350]The oil in lupuline from these cones
[01:22:37.080]is primarily used as a bittering agent
[01:22:39.600]or to provide some unique aromas in beer production.
[01:22:44.200]Annually, one acre of aroma hops
[01:22:46.320]produces between 800 and 1900 pounds,
[01:22:49.890]and alpha varieties produce an average of 3,000 pounds
[01:22:53.180]dried hops.
[01:22:54.460]In Nebraska, yields translate to an income
[01:22:56.960]of 15 to 22,000 per acre
[01:23:00.380]and cost about $15 per pound of pelletized hops.
[01:23:04.580]Today the state has over 50 acres in hop production,
[01:23:07.970]which has steadily increased over the last four years.
[01:23:11.850]In beer production, depending on the style of beer,
[01:23:14.410]as little as one pound or as much as eight or more pounds
[01:23:17.620]of hops are used in making a single barrel of beer.
[01:23:21.560]In 2017, Nebraska brewers produced 53,655 barrels of beer
[01:23:28.180]using about 160,965 pounds of hops,
[01:23:32.840]if each barrel had an average of three pounds of hops.
[01:23:36.900]Like other specialty crops, hops are sensitive to 2,4-D,
[01:23:40.320]glyphosate, dicamba, and many other herbicides.
[01:23:43.910]Because hops are increasingly playing roles
[01:23:46.280]in farm diversification,
[01:23:48.180]they are often grown in close proximity to row crops,
[01:23:51.030]making them increasingly susceptible to drift.
[01:23:54.780]Additionally, their height of 18 feet at season maturity
[01:23:58.290]places them at an even greater risk for drift damage.
[01:24:02.670]Drift has the potential to severely damage
[01:24:04.880]or even kill hop plants,
[01:24:06.340]especially in their first two years of growth
[01:24:08.580]when the plants are still growing to full maturity.
[01:24:11.850]Total losses to drift per acre can reach up to $25,000
[01:24:16.600]when considering yield loss and total plant loss
[01:24:20.480]and can deeply impact farmers.
[01:24:23.080]Educational programming platforms, such as DriftWatch
[01:24:26.120]and an increased awareness of specialty crops together
[01:24:28.680]can help reduce crop damages and losses due to drift.
[01:24:33.010](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:25:03.383]I'm Justin Evertson with the Nebraska Forest Service
[01:25:05.530]in the Nebraska Statewide Arboretum,
[01:25:07.900]and we're here in Waverly today in Wayne Park
[01:25:10.640]to talk about the growing issue
[01:25:12.340]of herbicide damage on trees.
[01:25:14.680]Before we do that,
[01:25:15.640]let's remind ourselves of how important trees are.
[01:25:18.760]Here in Nebraska where it can be very hot in the summertime
[01:25:21.740]and winds blow incessantly,
[01:25:23.580]trees just make our lives more comfortable,
[01:25:25.680]we're physically more comfortable.
[01:25:27.690]And then the other benefits of trees,
[01:25:29.290]such as energy conservation, wildlife habitat,
[01:25:33.110]stormwater capture, and then finally,
[01:25:35.670]trees are just beautiful.
[01:25:37.330]People love them in their daily lives,
[01:25:39.220]and they make our lives more enjoyable.
[01:25:41.660]And always remember this about trees in Nebraska,
[01:25:44.440]they didn't get here by accident.
[01:25:46.050]People planted them looking for those benefits
[01:25:48.640]that trees provide.
[01:25:50.590]In recent years we've seen a dramatic increase
[01:25:53.420]in herbicide damage to trees across Nebraska
[01:25:56.380]from two primary sources.
[01:25:58.240]One is related to the spraying of lawns and lawn care,
[01:26:02.120]and the other is the spraying of farm fields
[01:26:04.240]in the spring to burn down winter annual weeds.
[01:26:07.500]And we've seen a dramatic increase in recent years to trees,
[01:26:11.610]the herbicide damage to trees.
[01:26:14.010]And it's most noticeable,
[01:26:15.160]we don't often notice it in the background
[01:26:17.110]as we're walking around trees, but if you look closely,
[01:26:20.140]you can see pretty significant evidence
[01:26:24.050]of how these trees are damaged.
[01:26:25.440]For example here is a redbud leaf, which is a normal leaf
[01:26:29.720]that we would want to see on a redbud tree.
[01:26:32.340]When we look closer, herbicide damaged leaves
[01:26:35.770]are much smaller and distorted, twisted, gnarled.
[01:26:40.810]They just don't look right.
[01:26:42.390]And we see this across several species.
[01:26:44.860]The redbud is a key indicator,
[01:26:46.660]but other common species we're seeing this on
[01:26:49.020]include various types of oaks,
[01:26:51.400]other legumes like honey locusts,
[01:26:53.890]and then other trees like green ash and tulip poplar
[01:26:57.270]clearly show this damage of the herbicide drift.
[01:27:01.830]The damage that we're talking about to our trees
[01:27:04.272]happens in a couple of different ways.
[01:27:06.940]One of the most important issues we're running in now
[01:27:10.450]is that amount of herbicide drift coming from farm spraying.
[01:27:14.160]In the past few years, farmers have shifted
[01:27:16.190]to no-till practices
[01:27:18.000]and herbicides are more important than ever
[01:27:21.220]to treat weeds in our farm fields.
[01:27:23.540]We're also applying quite a bit of herbicide
[01:27:26.020]in our communities on the lawns that are around us,
[01:27:30.070]and in both of those efforts,
[01:27:31.830]these chemicals can get into the air and move offsite
[01:27:34.850]and damage trees far away from where they were applied.
[01:27:38.590]So it's critical to really practice
[01:27:41.330]best management practices in our herbicide spraying.
[01:27:44.570]Think about things like integrated pest management,
[01:27:48.420]the time of day we spray,
[01:27:50.440]and let's make sure we're not spraying on hot and windy days
[01:27:53.990]and then finally, make sure you've adjusted those nozzles
[01:27:57.200]so they're not putting out a fine mist
[01:27:59.050]that is getting into the atmosphere and moving.
[01:28:02.070]Remember, the ultimate goal here is to keep our trees
[01:28:04.893]healthy and alive.
[01:28:06.820]They're ubiquitous.
[01:28:07.790]They're in the background of our daily lives,
[01:28:09.730]and they're important to a lot of people.
[01:28:11.810]They're important to our rural farmsteads.
[01:28:13.820]They're important in our communities,
[01:28:15.850]and they are even important in our nurseries
[01:28:18.510]and how we grow trees and distribute them across our state.
[01:28:23.440](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:28:32.170]I'm Bruce Hoffman with Common Sense Greenhouse Nursery
[01:28:35.420]in McCook, Nebraska.
[01:28:37.140]That's in southwest Nebraska.
[01:28:39.160]And we're standing in the middle of our field trees,
[01:28:44.090]and we're gonna discuss how herbicides can affect
[01:28:50.130]a business that grows trees for a living
[01:28:53.720]and how it affects us.
[01:28:55.570]Chemicals are a part of our culture here.
[01:28:57.970]No-till farming is a boom to producers in our area,
[01:29:03.133]growing crops that never would've been thought of years ago.
[01:29:06.480]The downside is the chemicals that they use,
[01:29:10.050]if they leave the property,
[01:29:11.330]they can affect people like us
[01:29:13.580]that grow nursery stock for a living.
[01:29:18.440]And a year ago, we took a big dicamba hit
[01:29:22.680]and had severe damage and essentially couldn't sell
[01:29:28.700]any of our stock.
[01:29:29.630]That's the bottom line.
[01:29:31.170]That's how it affected us.
[01:29:32.710]Okay, and I would say it's fairly common for people to,
[01:29:36.410]the notion that, oh, they grow through 'em.
[01:29:38.830]I even have people in my trade that I rely on
[01:29:42.660]for technical support that kind of,
[01:29:45.100]oh, it'll grow through it.
[01:29:48.280]And the damage is subtle.
[01:29:50.140]It isn't necessarily always entire desiccation of a tree.
[01:29:57.000]Three-inch trees, they're three-inch now, American linden,
[01:30:00.350]real easy tree to grow straight.
[01:30:02.490]They're very soft and pliable.
[01:30:04.500]They made a 45-degree turn on a 43-inch trunk last summer.
[01:30:10.890]So those kinds of things.
[01:30:12.120]They're pretty obvious when you know something's going on.
[01:30:14.510]To put an exact number on how many nursery growers
[01:30:18.620]there are Nebraska,
[01:30:22.190]the nursery directory has several hundred of us in there,
[01:30:26.770]all with specialty crops,
[01:30:28.120]and they're not all growing trees,
[01:30:29.810]and mostly all sensitive crops.
[01:30:33.510]This is not an anomaly, they've all been hit.
[01:30:36.300]So people that are growing sensitive crops,
[01:30:40.350]I would encourage you to get registered with DriftWatch.
[01:30:45.000]There's no enforcement.
[01:30:46.070]It does help build a case,
[01:30:49.788]and it helps protect you.
[01:30:51.720]That information is out there for all applicators.
[01:30:54.290]It's available to all applicators
[01:30:56.120]that you have a sensitive crop that needs protection.
[01:31:00.580]And for applicators, I would just say
[01:31:04.006]not when the wind is blowing like today.
[01:31:07.780]The stuff does get up and move.
[01:31:10.380]Read the label, and just try to be respectful
[01:31:13.330]of other people's property
[01:31:14.560]and not all crops are planted in April
[01:31:16.530]and harvested in September.
[01:31:19.030]Some are perennial crops that take a number of years
[01:31:24.700]to get to market,
[01:31:27.020]and it affects people's bottom line.
[01:31:30.014](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:31:42.360]Hello, my name's Craig Romary
[01:31:43.730]with the State Department of Agriculture,
[01:31:45.560]and I'm gonna be talking today about
[01:31:47.110]the Endangered Species Protection Program
[01:31:49.850]as it relates to pesticides.
[01:31:52.290]And so for a number of years, the Department of Ag
[01:31:55.520]and the University Extension have been talking about
[01:31:58.180]pesticide labels and the language found on pesticide labels
[01:32:01.950]dealing with endangered species.
[01:32:04.230]And up until this point, we have seen quite a few labels
[01:32:07.390]that have language on the labels
[01:32:10.230]that direct you to a website with the potential
[01:32:13.590]for having endangered species protection restrictions.
[01:32:17.930]But up until now, there have been no restrictions
[01:32:21.030]directly related to that, but now there are in Nebraska,
[01:32:25.250]and we will be going over those, the procedure,
[01:32:28.050]to find out those restrictions today.
[01:32:32.420]I wanna note that what I'm gonna show you
[01:32:35.620]is how to access those restrictions,
[01:32:38.750]and currently we do have some in place,
[01:32:42.180]but the department is hoping to work with
[01:32:43.860]the Environmental Protection Agency and other partners
[01:32:47.510]in possibly modifying those to make them more clear
[01:32:50.530]and more useful for their intended purpose.
[01:32:54.280]And I won't go into specific instructions,
[01:32:57.300]or specific restrictions,
[01:32:59.494]but we'll just let you know how to find this website
[01:33:04.700]and determine whether you need to follow
[01:33:07.080]those restrictions or not.
[01:33:09.790]So the website is listed there in blue,
[01:33:12.510]epa.gov/espp and this takes you to an EPA website
[01:33:18.630]that's best viewed in those browsers listed there.
[01:33:22.080]Or if you don't have internet access,
[01:33:23.880]you can also call that toll free number, I believe,
[01:33:27.600]with the EPA to determine whether you,
[01:33:32.710]with more information, they can tell you
[01:33:34.710]whether you need to follow specific restrictions or not.
[01:33:39.480]So going to that web address will take you to the page
[01:33:43.250]on the top left, and then what you're wanting to look for
[01:33:46.620]is the text there that says,
[01:33:48.280]endangered species protection bulletins.
[01:33:51.470]Clicking that link will then take you to the page
[01:33:53.630]on the lower right, and what you're wanting to click next
[01:33:56.900]is the link at the top bullet that says,
[01:34:00.160]Bulletins Live, which is the webpage where the map
[01:34:04.020]and the data for the products are found.
[01:34:07.770]I also wanna note there the second link is a tutorial,
[01:34:12.327]or a guide, which is also very helpful
[01:34:14.550]and probably will do a better job of explaining
[01:34:17.380]the process than I will today.
[01:34:22.310]So going to that web address will take you to this website
[01:34:25.890]showing the United States map,
[01:34:29.700]and then on the right are some instructions.
[01:34:33.660]And I just wanna highlight some areas here.
[01:34:37.620]The instructions, those are the steps
[01:34:39.370]that you need to follow to get to where you're wanting to go
[01:34:42.660]and they are pretty easy to follow,
[01:34:44.820]but you'll wanna make sure you follow them in order.
[01:34:48.300]The first step it says there is to zoom into the area
[01:34:51.600]that you're interested in,
[01:34:52.620]where you're going to make pesticide applications,
[01:34:55.500]so you can do that several ways.
[01:34:58.330]You can click the plus and minus sign there,
[01:35:01.520]pan in, pan out on the map,
[01:35:04.690]will get you closer and closer to the area
[01:35:08.550]you're interested in,
[01:35:10.230]or you can go to the search box there
[01:35:14.380]where you can type in a city, state, and/or ZIP Code
[01:35:19.190]to get closer to the area you're interested in.
[01:35:22.820]Once you've zoomed in,
[01:35:23.920]you'll want to turn on the aerial imagery
[01:35:26.620]and that's found near the upper part
[01:35:29.379]of that red circle there, where it says base maps.
[01:35:31.590]You can turn the imagery on and you'll be able to see
[01:35:34.480]fields and roads and that type of thing.
[01:35:38.340]So once you get to that part,
[01:35:40.740]you wanna make sure that you're zoomed in far enough
[01:35:42.850]so that you can see your application site
[01:35:45.590]and probably a half mile or so around that field
[01:35:49.930]in any direction.
[01:35:53.600]The next step, step two, is to select the application month
[01:35:58.500]and on this dropdown list, you have the current month
[01:36:02.670]and then you can select up to six months in the future
[01:36:06.060]from there, and that would be the month of your application.
[01:36:10.290]So for the example here on, I'll select May of 2019.
[01:36:18.220]And then the next step is step there, and it says, optional,
[01:36:21.830]and I'll just read that.
[01:36:22.720]It says, refine your search by entering
[01:36:24.880]a specific active ingredient or product
[01:36:27.780]and click the search button,
[01:36:29.790]and then it also has a product name
[01:36:32.590]or the product registration number,
[01:36:34.980]and because it's optional,
[01:36:36.950]and because we only have a handful of products
[01:36:39.330]with one active ingredient,
[01:36:41.810]and they all have the same restrictions,
[01:36:44.370]I suggest just leaving all of that blank
[01:36:46.520]or at the default stage for the time being.
[01:36:54.910]And so moving on to step four, I've zoomed into an area,
[01:36:58.770]assuming that's you're area of interest.
[01:37:01.312]It also says, click on the use area, the use limitation area
[01:37:05.962]within your intended application zone,
[01:37:10.220]and then click the results tab.
[01:37:13.000]So if you're in the area that's shaded to the left,
[01:37:16.700]that's a restriction zone, use restriction zone,
[01:37:21.070]and if that's where your application site is at,
[01:37:23.300]you would click that shaded area,
[01:37:24.920]and then it would become highlighted with the yellow border.
[01:37:28.690]And so then clicking that would,
[01:37:32.720]I think it'll pop up the use restrictions after that point,
[01:37:37.140]but if not, you can click search again.
[01:37:42.030]And then at that point, the products will pop up
[01:37:46.120]on the right side under the results tab,
[01:37:49.720]and you should see the month and the year that you selected
[01:37:53.410]from the previous screen.
[01:37:55.730]And so if you're looking at the area
[01:37:58.140]to the right of the shaded area,
[01:37:59.560]if that's your application site,
[01:38:02.145]in the previous step,
[01:38:03.910]I wouldn't select the use restriction area.
[01:38:08.470]You would just click search again,
[01:38:10.890]and I think it'll pop up that there are no limitations,
[01:38:15.510]and so in each of these areas, this screen,
[01:38:18.380]or if there were no limitations,
[01:38:20.120]you could print the bulletin
[01:38:22.390]that documents the fact that you were at this site
[01:38:24.780]and you were looking up that information.
[01:38:28.770]And you want to make sure that the month is there,
[01:38:32.500]the month and the year is there,
[01:38:33.880]so that you're looking to the point in time
[01:38:36.610]where you're planning to make that application.
[01:38:40.800]And so that's a quick rundown of how to use the website
[01:38:44.240]for finding those restrictions.
[01:38:46.930]To close, I'd just like to encourage everybody
[01:38:49.300]to learn more about the endangered species
[01:38:52.620]that are potentially in your area.
[01:38:54.960]The restrictions on this website currently only cover
[01:38:58.720]a couple of them, and so there are others
[01:39:02.060]in all parts of the state that could use some attention
[01:39:06.450]and observation when we're applying pesticides.
[01:39:10.750]And if you go to that web address there,
[01:39:12.920]that's the Department of Agriculture Pesticide Program.
[01:39:16.280]There are links on that page to
[01:39:19.560]both the EPA site as well as university information
[01:39:23.690]and if you have additional questions,
[01:39:25.050]you can call anyone of those numbers.
[01:39:27.510]Thank you.
[01:39:30.030]Welcome back.
[01:39:31.470]So know I'd like to talk a little bit about groundwater
[01:39:34.700]and how groundwater works.
[01:39:37.560]We have surface water,
[01:39:38.790]and that's our lakes, rivers, and oceans,
[01:39:42.480]and then when we have precipitation or irrigation,
[01:39:46.550]melting snow, that water will seep through the soil,
[01:39:51.620]and that is the recharge of our groundwater,
[01:39:54.820]and that reaches our water table,
[01:39:56.390]which is the upper level of the water-saturated zone
[01:39:58.950]underground, and that ultimately leads to the aquifers,
[01:40:04.060]which is where most of the drinking water
[01:40:07.190]in Nebraska comes from,
[01:40:08.550]and so it's very important for us to protect
[01:40:10.880]our groundwater from pesticide contamination.
[01:40:14.630]So there's a couple different types of water pollution
[01:40:19.860]that we talk about,
[01:40:20.830]and the first one is called point source pollution,
[01:40:23.660]and so that's from a direct identifiable source,
[01:40:27.539]so this is gonna from things like
[01:40:31.210]pesticide spills and leaks,
[01:40:34.450]accidental back-siphoning, when you're filling your sprayer,
[01:40:37.850]or even worse, if you're doing chemigation
[01:40:41.040]directly into that center pivot.
[01:40:44.130]It can occur from improper handling
[01:40:46.520]and disposal of pesticide residues
[01:40:49.020]or leftovers near water resources,
[01:40:51.350]and so it's very easy to determine
[01:40:54.990]where that pollution came from with point source.
[01:40:58.140]On the other hand, we have non-point source pollution,
[01:41:01.230]and this type of water pollution occurs from a wider area.
[01:41:07.250]It's often associated with agricultural pesticide spraying
[01:41:14.150]where an entire field, many acres of land
[01:41:17.310]are being sprayed with a pesticide.
[01:41:19.600]And so it's more difficult to nail down the exact origin
[01:41:23.510]of that contamination.
[01:41:28.470]So non-point source pollution tends to be a big problem
[01:41:31.680]in agricultural pesticide spraying,
[01:41:34.080]and those pesticides can end up in our surface water.
[01:41:40.900]So as applicators, we wanna keep the pesticide out of both
[01:41:45.400]surface water and groundwater as much as we possibly can.
[01:41:48.810]And so what are some things that we can do to do this?
[01:41:51.950]Well, one is use integrated pest management.
[01:41:56.900]Use pesticides as a last resort in pest control
[01:41:59.560]and do other cultural and mechanical things beforehand
[01:42:03.250]to minimize the use of pesticides in the first place.
[01:42:07.770]Next, when we're at a site to apply pesticides,
[01:42:12.020]consider the geology of that site.
[01:42:14.330]How high up is the water table there?
[01:42:16.400]Are there sinkholes nearby that we need to worry about?
[01:42:20.040]Think about the soil characteristics of the particular site
[01:42:22.830]that you're spraying.
[01:42:25.400]Is this soil going to be susceptible
[01:42:28.070]to leeching pesticides into it?
[01:42:31.020]And then on that same note,
[01:42:33.270]when you're choosing the pesticide to apply,
[01:42:37.840]which pesticides are susceptible to leeching into the soil
[01:42:41.440]and which ones aren't?
[01:42:42.640]There are some that are more susceptible to that than others
[01:42:46.870]and so choosing the right pesticide
[01:42:49.390]to minimize those chances is hugely important.
[01:42:53.950]And then, of course, as always,
[01:42:55.930]we need to follow our label directions on the product label
[01:42:59.526]as closely as we can
[01:43:01.630]and that will significantly help us
[01:43:05.530]to avoid contaminating out water resources.
[01:43:09.910]This is a huge one,
[01:43:11.120]and it seems obvious, but it's very important
[01:43:15.890]to maintain an air gap when you're maybe mixing a tank load
[01:43:19.920]of pesticides.
[01:43:21.810]Keep your water hose out of the mixture, keep that air gap
[01:43:26.770]between it and the mixture, and that will prevent backflow
[01:43:30.230]and contaminating that hose for future use,
[01:43:33.780]whatever that may be.
[01:43:35.320]You can also install back-siphoning valves
[01:43:38.550]on your water system to further prevent that back-siphon
[01:43:43.241]and protect those water resources.
[01:43:48.050]Avoid spills, of course this sounds obvious,
[01:43:51.300]and spills will happen, they still will happen,
[01:43:54.920]but do your best to avoid 'em.
[01:43:56.410]If they do happen, you need to be able to know what to do,
[01:44:01.140]clean them up as quickly as possible
[01:44:03.800]and as safely as possible.
[01:44:06.700]Dispose of excess pesticide wastes in the correct way.
[01:44:12.220]Pressure or triple-rinsing your empty containers,
[01:44:16.995]using rinse water in your load
[01:44:19.940]instead of dumping it in a ditch or whatever.
[01:44:23.800]Those things count a lot in protecting the water,
[01:44:27.170]and ultimately storing pesticides safely away from potential
[01:44:32.960]water sources that they could contaminate,
[01:44:35.720]denying access to those pesticides by unauthorized people.
[01:44:42.210]And I want to touch on one specific example,
[01:44:46.560]one pesticide that gets a lot of attention
[01:44:49.500]in terms of water contamination is atrazine.
[01:44:53.070]Atrazine tends to be very persistent in the environment.
[01:44:55.780]It doesn't decay very quickly.
[01:44:58.490]The government monitors atrazine levels
[01:45:00.620]in both surface water and community drinking water systems,
[01:45:04.290]because it's that big of a deal.
[01:45:06.840]And so if you're using atrazine,
[01:45:08.930]you need to pay special attention to its label
[01:45:12.640]and those setback distances that are laid out on the label.
[01:45:18.307]You have to stay a certain amount of distance
[01:45:21.390]away from wells, whether or not they're abandoned
[01:45:23.560]or still in use,
[01:45:25.870]and avoid surface water in runoff areas
[01:45:29.190]when you're using atrazine.
[01:45:31.356]So ultimately, the responsible use of atrazine
[01:45:35.020]and following those label directions is what's going to keep
[01:45:38.260]that product registered for use by you.
[01:45:42.790]And lastly, I wanna say a few words about endangered
[01:45:45.340]and threatened species.
[01:45:48.360]Pesticide labels will often direct applicators to consult
[01:45:51.880]the online bulletins by EPA
[01:45:55.280]that will have special precautionary measures
[01:45:58.650]that are required.
[01:46:02.028]If those measures are on a bulletin online,
[01:46:04.530]then you are required to follow those.
[01:46:06.880]They are actually part of the label.
[01:46:09.450]And so just thinking about the endangered
[01:46:12.970]and threatened species in Nebraska,
[01:46:15.690]we wanna protect them because
[01:46:17.930]they're on their way out, basically,
[01:46:21.380]and not only directly harming them with the pesticides
[01:46:26.270]is a problem, but also destruction of their habitat
[01:46:30.290]by pesticides which could be an herbicide application
[01:46:34.320]might destroy vegetation that's important to a bird
[01:46:37.820]for living and so just keeping all those things in mind
[01:46:40.660]with the endangered and threatened species
[01:46:42.460]is very important.
[01:46:43.820]Thank you.
[01:46:44.905](easygoing instrumental music)
[01:46:50.174]Hi, I wanna spend the next several minutes
[01:46:52.770]talking about pesticide risks and your health.
[01:46:56.480]Probably the best way to start off this conversation
[01:46:58.900]is to think about the different types of exposures.
[01:47:02.100]We generally think about either acute or chronic exposure.
[01:47:06.000]Acute exposures are those that will usually appear
[01:47:09.680]by some type of sign or symptom
[01:47:12.190]within the first 24 to 48 hours.
[01:47:15.050]Those are usually toxic kind of reactions
[01:47:17.730]that would be all the way from feeling ill
[01:47:20.510]to extreme respiratory reactions
[01:47:23.640]to even potentially death in real extreme cases.
[01:47:27.780]Gonna spend a little bit more time talking about
[01:47:29.680]the chronic type of exposures that you can get.
[01:47:32.280]Those are smaller exposures that you receive
[01:47:35.750]day in and day out just as your doing your applications
[01:47:40.240]and those can sometimes tend to accumulate
[01:47:43.180]and health effects can appear over time.
[01:47:46.680]Another thing to kind of keep in the back of your mind
[01:47:48.540]as you're thinking about health effects
[01:47:50.830]is the way that these exposures can happen.
[01:47:54.640]And as it's being shown here, you've got your,
[01:47:57.380]skin and eyes is a type of exposure,
[01:48:00.680]inhalation, or breathing it into your lungs,
[01:48:03.220]and then ingestion by accidentally swallowing residues.
[01:48:07.450]The one that we pay the most attention to
[01:48:09.820]that we can prevent the easiest is through skin protection
[01:48:13.410]and that is where you get the majority of your exposures.
[01:48:16.710]However, depending on the particular type of pesticide
[01:48:19.820]that we're talking about, by swallowing it or breathing it,
[01:48:23.930]can actually have a more severe impact on your health.
[01:48:29.350]Another thing to help frame your thoughts
[01:48:32.480]considering about health and pesticides
[01:48:35.560]is the signal words that you find on pesticide labels.
[01:48:38.860]As we start lower for the more caution,
[01:48:41.680]then warning, then danger labels,
[01:48:44.850]that'll help you gauge the toxicity.
[01:48:47.110]The caution is a lower toxicity
[01:48:49.970]and as your progress up to warning and danger,
[01:48:52.700]those become more and more toxic.
[01:48:55.440]You can also look at the symbols
[01:48:57.170]that are on the newer labels,
[01:48:59.170]and the more sides to the symbol, the greater the toxicity.
[01:49:04.840]Then there's other potential things that you can look for,
[01:49:08.010]poison, the skull and crossbone,
[01:49:10.420]flammable, corrosive, explosive.
[01:49:13.080]Those symbols can actually be combined
[01:49:14.890]with the toxicity symbols to give you an easy way
[01:49:18.250]to look at the pesticide that you plan to use
[01:49:20.960]and what the potential hazards might be.
[01:49:24.440]So what we've been talking about here really
[01:49:26.970]are risk that you can have in being exposed to a pesticide,
[01:49:32.330]and so we consider the toxicity
[01:49:33.960]and we consider the exposure.
[01:49:36.640]The toxicity is often determined
[01:49:38.900]and there isn't a lot that you can do to help change that,
[01:49:42.350]but you can manage your exposure
[01:49:44.850]by using primarily PPE and through your best practices.
[01:49:49.630]So keeping all those things in mind,
[01:49:51.670]you can help reduce your overall risk
[01:49:54.210]from exposure to pesticides.
[01:49:57.110]This is just a case story I wanted to mention
[01:49:59.120]to help you see how just having PPE
[01:50:03.200]isn't always the right solution.
[01:50:05.600]This was an example where the Nebraska Department of Ag
[01:50:08.750]received a complaint from an applicator
[01:50:11.650]who said he had been exposed to a fungicide.
[01:50:15.150]So the NDA came out, they did a test,
[01:50:17.930]and they found exposures there.
[01:50:21.320]That particular pesticide that is shown there
[01:50:24.020]is what they were looking for.
[01:50:25.440]But notice also that there was 2,4-D in large amounts.
[01:50:29.150]There was glyphosate.
[01:50:30.670]There was dicamba and clopyralid.
[01:50:33.190]All of those chemicals at way higher levels
[01:50:36.160]than you would expect to find
[01:50:38.050]just by simply being exposed to a spray drift
[01:50:41.260]from an overhead aircraft or by a spray rig.
[01:50:46.070]Turns out what the farmer told the people
[01:50:48.550]from the Nebraska Department of Ag
[01:50:49.970]is he kept his shirt on his tractor at all times
[01:50:52.730]so that whenever he was gonna do a pesticide application,
[01:50:55.430]he could put that on.
[01:50:56.850]So in the process of keeping his PPE handy,
[01:51:00.820]he was repeatedly exposing himself
[01:51:02.780]to all these different pesticides that were mentioned there
[01:51:05.640]every time he put that shirt on.
[01:51:07.110]So you need to be sure that your PPE is clean
[01:51:10.640]and that it's doing the job that it's intended to
[01:51:13.040]to help protect you.
[01:51:15.480]Wanna talk about the Ag Health Study.
[01:51:17.570]Now, I know many of you are not working in agriculture,
[01:51:20.580]and I don't want you to just tune out
[01:51:22.610]just because I mentioned the word Ag Health Study.
[01:51:25.130]This is a study that's been ongoing since the early '90s
[01:51:28.900]when they enrolled up to 90,000 pesticide applicators.
[01:51:33.250]And this one is an important study
[01:51:34.800]because it collected a large amount of data
[01:51:37.770]and to this time, they're continuing to go over that date
[01:51:42.760]and reach new conclusions.
[01:51:44.990]But basically how it works is that these 90,000 participants
[01:51:48.910]over time, just as any natural population of people would,
[01:51:53.630]they developed health effects
[01:51:56.450]that would just naturally occur in your life,
[01:51:59.870]but then based on their behaviors and their activities
[01:52:03.660]and which particular pesticides that they might've used
[01:52:06.680]during their lifetime,
[01:52:08.020]they were actually able to make inferences based on that
[01:52:11.250]and draw some conclusions,
[01:52:12.720]so that's what I wanna share with you today.
[01:52:15.290]Don't pay attention to the fact
[01:52:16.960]that it's an Ag Health Study.
[01:52:18.330]Pay attention to some of the findings that they've found.
[01:52:23.020]Some of the interesting things just overall,
[01:52:25.770]they found that participants actually had lower rates
[01:52:28.730]of cancer compared to the general population.
[01:52:31.820]However, there were some cancers that are listed there
[01:52:34.380]that were more common: lip cancer, thyroid,
[01:52:37.230]prostate, and multiple myeloma.
[01:52:40.000]However, death rates for most cancers were lower
[01:52:42.670]in the health study participants,
[01:52:46.100]which was kind of interesting.
[01:52:48.270]They also found that participants who mixed pesticides,
[01:52:51.080]did repair of pesticide application equipment,
[01:52:54.480]or did frequent applications of insecticides,
[01:52:58.020]were more likely to seek medical attention,
[01:52:59.990]which is a really good thing.
[01:53:01.140]That means they were aware of those potential hazards
[01:53:04.340]that they had by being around pesticides,
[01:53:06.700]so they often sought out help
[01:53:11.200]when they felt they might've been exposed.
[01:53:13.870]Participants could also, the study found that they were also
[01:53:20.624]could be exposed to pesticides just by living near them
[01:53:23.880]or by laundering pesticides that had been worn
[01:53:26.450]during pesticide application.
[01:53:27.850]So there's a number of different outcomes from this
[01:53:31.100]health study that have been helpful,
[01:53:34.380]us in education and for applicators
[01:53:37.040]to better understand the situation.
[01:53:40.170]Wheeze was a big one that came out early on.
[01:53:43.020]One in five farmers reported to have wheeze.
[01:53:46.500]Wheeze is associated with raising animals,
[01:53:49.280]diesel tractors,
[01:53:50.990]or certain pesticides.
[01:53:53.690]So just daily use of diesel tractors alone
[01:53:56.650]was associated with increase
[01:53:58.450]of lung cancer rates, for instance.
[01:54:00.030]So those of you who operate diesel equipment
[01:54:03.490]as part of your jobs, you should pay attention to that.
[01:54:07.540]Some good news though,
[01:54:08.580]what we found is that Parkinson's disease,
[01:54:11.840]many of you've heard was more common in applicators
[01:54:15.470]who had a whole lifetime of exposure to different pesticides
[01:54:19.740]or who had particular high exposure events
[01:54:22.940]sometime during their life.
[01:54:24.460]But the good news side of that is
[01:54:27.876]that Parkinson's was not common in applicators
[01:54:30.630]who wore their protective gear
[01:54:33.440]and who practiced good workplace hygiene
[01:54:36.190]at the end of each day.
[01:54:37.520]So cleaning up and protecting yourself
[01:54:39.580]really does have an impact
[01:54:41.160]in helping to prevent these disease.
[01:54:43.090]To further support that idea, a couple of other outcomes.
[01:54:46.830]Farmers who wore chemical-resistant gloves
[01:54:50.859]had 70% less herbicide found in their urine
[01:54:54.370]when they measured that.
[01:54:56.730]Orchard farmers that wore gloves had 80% less fungicide
[01:55:00.670]on their hands.
[01:55:01.503]So merely just by putting protective gloves on
[01:55:04.890]reduced the potential exposure by 70, 80%
[01:55:08.560]by folks in this particular study.
[01:55:12.460]We've learned that diabetes is associate with pesticides.
[01:55:16.520]It's more common with greater use
[01:55:18.170]of organochlorine insecticides.
[01:55:20.390]Now, those are an older class of insecticides,
[01:55:24.120]but for those of us that were around when those were in use,
[01:55:27.703]that does increase their risk of diabetes.
[01:55:30.960]Also, pregnant women that were exposed
[01:55:34.570]to pesticides during the early part of their pregnancy
[01:55:38.420]had an increased risk for developing diabetes later.
[01:55:43.170]Then there's a number of different chemicals listed there
[01:55:47.420]that were associated with different cancers.
[01:55:51.930]For instance, malathion and terbufos, which is Counter,
[01:55:56.570]were more likely to develop an aggressive form
[01:55:58.550]of prostate cancer.
[01:56:00.580]Permethrin, diazinon, and terbufos are associated with
[01:56:05.059]certain forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
[01:56:08.710]And then alachlor is associated with higher rates
[01:56:10.860]of laryngeal cancer.
[01:56:13.680]Now, I want you to understand that associations
[01:56:16.420]are not cause and effect.
[01:56:18.290]Association means something related to that application
[01:56:22.250]or that exposure to those chemicals
[01:56:24.470]increased the risk for some of those people
[01:56:27.260]that were engaged in that with these particular cancers.
[01:56:30.840]In every one of these cases of association,
[01:56:33.610]they also indicated that additional studies were needed
[01:56:36.930]to draw that conclusion tighter.
[01:56:40.580]The last think I think I want to share with you here
[01:56:42.400]related to the Ag Health Study is that early in the study
[01:56:45.360]they went into the homes of these participants
[01:56:48.320]and they sampled surfaces, carpets, things like that,
[01:56:53.120]and looked for pesticides inside those homes.
[01:56:56.190]And what they found was in almost every case
[01:56:59.130]glyphosate, atrazine, and 2, 4-D found in homes.
[01:57:02.550]So the message there, take home, is that you might say,
[01:57:05.660]well, I don't use those particular chemicals,
[01:57:07.710]I don't need to worry about it,
[01:57:09.190]but what this really tells is that somehow those applicators
[01:57:13.090]where bringing those chemicals into their homes
[01:57:15.600]at the end of the day.
[01:57:16.490]So when I learned about this outcome,
[01:57:18.570]I started advising people some really simple things,
[01:57:22.160]changing clothes before you go into your living space,
[01:57:25.240]leaving your boots or shoes at the door,
[01:57:29.090]washing up at the end of the day
[01:57:30.940]before you go into the family living quarters
[01:57:33.240]and the kitchens and places like that.
[01:57:35.580]Before you have a chance to bring those pesticide residues
[01:57:38.640]into the home, you leave 'em outside
[01:57:41.030]or leave 'em in the laundry areas
[01:57:42.420]so that you reduce that potential risk
[01:57:44.940]for exposure later on inside the home.
[01:57:48.350]There's a link for additional information
[01:57:50.220]about this AG Health Study.
[01:57:52.060]You can also just do a Google search
[01:57:53.740]for agricultural health study,
[01:57:55.690]and there's a couple of good websites that will turn up
[01:57:58.360]that'll give you a lot of good additional information.
[01:58:02.670]The last thing I want to update on related
[01:58:04.470]to health and pesticides
[01:58:06.170]is related to some of what you've heard in the news
[01:58:08.750]about glyphosate.
[01:58:09.950]And it was a little bit confusing, actually.
[01:58:12.750]The International Agency for Research on Cancer, the IARC,
[01:58:18.810]classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans.
[01:58:24.940]So I wanted to go into this a little bit in detail,
[01:58:27.310]so you understand what that finding actually represents.
[01:58:31.240]And what they did when they looked at this potential risk
[01:58:34.360]or hazard, was they simply looked
[01:58:36.430]at the hazard of the chemical only.
[01:58:39.160]They didn't consider the exposure level,
[01:58:41.600]and they simply asked the question,
[01:58:43.530]can it cause cancer ever?
[01:58:45.970]And the answer to that in this case, they believed was yes.
[01:58:49.190]So they classified it as a probable carcinogenic chemical.
[01:58:53.720]Now, if you look at other things that IARC
[01:58:57.240]have concluded that do cause cancer,
[01:59:01.690]includes cigarette smoke, arsenic, salami,
[01:59:04.960]bacon, and hot dogs.
[01:59:06.800]So you do have to kind of keep that in mind.
[01:59:09.780]There's a chart that lists the group one there
[01:59:13.400]that causes cancer.
[01:59:16.170]Group 2A, probable, that includes glyphosate,
[01:59:19.470]also includes pork, beef, and lamb, meat.
[01:59:23.848]And the 2,4-D there is a possible causing cancer.
[01:59:28.980]I think if you put this in the context
[01:59:31.220]of what if it causes accidents as group one,
[01:59:34.680]and probably doesn't cause accidents as group four.
[01:59:37.790]If you think about it that way,
[01:59:39.530]then you would have to put banana peels and automobiles
[01:59:43.070]in that causes accidents category.
[01:59:46.900]I don't mean to say that to make it sound silly,
[01:59:49.630]but you could all immediately start to say, well,
[01:59:52.790]I can drive a car and still be safe,
[01:59:54.580]and that's absolutely true.
[01:59:56.010]I can see a banana peel on the ground and not step on it,
[01:59:58.780]and I'm not gonna have an accident.
[02:00:00.710]So even though the hazard potential is there,
[02:00:04.010]it doesn't necessarily mean
[02:00:05.180]that that accident's gonna happen.
[02:00:07.390]And in a similar way, that's how their conclusion was drawn.
[02:00:11.640]Now contrast that with the Environmental Protection Agency's
[02:00:14.970]risk assessment for glyphosate.
[02:00:16.990]They concluded that glyphosate is not likely
[02:00:20.060]to be carcinogenic to humans.
[02:00:22.200]So how could that be?
[02:00:23.033]How could two different groups come up with
[02:00:24.790]totally different conclusions?
[02:00:26.400]Well, the answer is listed there that EPA asked the question
[02:00:31.600]can it cause cancer, first,
[02:00:33.580]and what level of exposure's expected
[02:00:36.930]to answer their ultimate question,
[02:00:38.780]is that exposure likely to result in cancer?
[02:00:42.000]And their conclusion was that it would not
[02:00:44.860]or wasn't likely to.
[02:00:46.270]So hopefully this information will be helpful for you
[02:00:50.230]in the future to both know that there are risks out there,
[02:00:54.410]we have known risks,
[02:00:56.820]we can help perhaps to interpret these kinds of reports
[02:01:00.540]that come out a little bit easier,
[02:01:04.170]but the important message I think for you to take home
[02:01:06.770]is that in the end there are things that you can do
[02:01:09.690]to help reduce that potential risk
[02:01:13.242]to being exposed to pesticides.
[02:01:15.990]Thank you.
[02:01:16.904](easygoing instrumental music)
[02:01:21.700]Hi, I'm Jan Hyngstrom
[02:01:23.070]with the Pesticide Safety Education Program
[02:01:25.290]with Nebraska Extension.
[02:01:29.100]Today, I'm gonna be talking about
[02:01:30.490]personal protective equipment, PPE,
[02:01:33.360]and we'll cover how to select PPE,
[02:01:35.650]how to know what type to wear,
[02:01:37.420]and also a little bit about care and storage.
[02:01:43.230]Always follow the label requirements
[02:01:45.728]in terms of what PPE to use.
[02:01:48.500]That's the minimum amount of PPE you should use.
[02:01:50.840]You can always wear more.
[02:01:53.210]And the label has the PPE requirements
[02:01:56.560]based on the toxicity of the pesticide you're using.
[02:01:59.630]Something that has a signal word of caution
[02:02:02.250]would not require as much PPE
[02:02:04.130]as something that has a signal word of danger.
[02:02:06.910]Also, the label requirements are based on the formulation.
[02:02:10.970]A dust formulation, for example,
[02:02:12.750]might require respiratory protection,
[02:02:15.090]while a liquid might require something
[02:02:17.470]that gives you eye protection.
[02:02:19.830]Another factor that the PPE requirements are based on
[02:02:23.360]is what you're doing when you're using the pesticide.
[02:02:26.760]If you're measuring or mixing or loading,
[02:02:28.940]you'll be working with a concentrate,
[02:02:31.240]which has more risks to it
[02:02:32.600]than if you're working with a diluted formulation.
[02:02:35.350]If you're applying or cleaning equipment,
[02:02:37.330]you're going to using, or being exposed to,
[02:02:40.110]the dilute formulation or to residues,
[02:02:42.700]so there would be less risk.
[02:02:45.960]What I thought we'd do today is just go through
[02:02:48.530]and read an actual label and see if we can decipher
[02:02:51.890]what sort of PPE is needed and why.
[02:02:54.770]So in the label, look under the area called
[02:02:58.750]precautionary statements, and here it says,
[02:03:01.450]hazards to humans and domestic animals.
[02:03:04.160]And you see the signal word is caution,
[02:03:06.240]so that has the least risk of the three signal words,
[02:03:10.120]caution, warning, and danger.
[02:03:12.230]And underneath that it says, harmful if swallowed.
[02:03:15.120]So we know there that there's a potential risk
[02:03:18.320]if there's ingestion occurring.
[02:03:20.720]Also, it says do not breathe dust or spray mist,
[02:03:24.540]so we know there's a problem
[02:03:26.630]if there's an inhalation exposure.
[02:03:28.860]And finally it says avoid contact with eyes, skin,
[02:03:31.580]or clothing, so there's a problem with dermal exposure.
[02:03:36.000]Underneath that then, it says it will cover
[02:03:38.060]the PPE required, the personal protective equipment.
[02:03:42.190]And the first thing it says here is that some materials
[02:03:45.300]are chemical resistant.
[02:03:46.980]So what do we mean by chemical resistant?
[02:03:50.240]It means that the material provides a barrier
[02:03:53.300]between your skin and any chemicals.
[02:03:55.560]It prevents the chemicals from reaching your skin.
[02:03:58.140]Some examples are PVC plastic or rubber or nitrile
[02:04:02.460]or barrier laminate or even some non-woven coated fabrics.
[02:04:07.590]And something I wanted to stress is waterproof
[02:04:10.050]does not mean chemical resistant.
[02:04:12.220]Waterproof means that water won't pass through it.
[02:04:16.030]It doesn't protect you against chemicals.
[02:04:18.120]So make sure you are using chemical-resistant materials
[02:04:21.410]if it's required.
[02:04:23.470]Okay, and when you do have chemical-resistant materials,
[02:04:26.370]such as gloves or aprons,
[02:04:28.300]check it frequently for signs of wearing
[02:04:30.920]or if it's degrading.
[02:04:32.490]And some indicators are if there's a color change
[02:04:35.400]or if it's brittle or spongy
[02:04:37.370]or if it's cracked or swollen.
[02:04:39.010]If you see any of those signs,
[02:04:40.330]go ahead and get a replacement.
[02:04:44.650]Something to avoid when using even granules or dusts,
[02:04:49.987]because they can absorb the pesticides as well.
[02:04:53.660]Avoid leather or denim or cotton or lined gloves.
[02:04:57.500]I do have an asterisk by cotton,
[02:04:59.610]because there are some pesticides that do
[02:05:01.940]require you to use cotton.
[02:05:03.820]And example would be some fumigants.
[02:05:06.330]If you were to have the pesticide trapped in between
[02:05:09.480]a chemical-resistant glove and your hand,
[02:05:12.510]the vapors could cause some burns to your skin,
[02:05:15.380]so that's a situation where they want you
[02:05:17.620]to wear cotton gloves.
[02:05:19.030]So make sure you always read the label
[02:05:20.740]and see what will work best.
[02:05:23.350]All right, let's continue with this label.
[02:05:25.720]Here it says, mixers, loaders, and cleaners of spills
[02:05:29.160]and other handlers exposed to the concentrates,
[02:05:31.850]remember the concentrate has more risk associated with it,
[02:05:37.000]so if you have the potential for being exposed
[02:05:39.180]to concentrate, you must wear coverall
[02:05:41.760]over long-sleeved shirt and pants.
[02:05:44.330]So what do we mean by coverall?
[02:05:46.610]The EPA has given us a good definition.
[02:05:49.570]A coverall is a loose fitting, one or two piece garment,
[02:05:52.650]that covers the entire body, except it doesn't need to cover
[02:05:55.880]your head, neck, hands, or feet.
[02:05:58.230]And this means for garment, it can be cloth.
[02:06:01.320]It does not have to be Tyvek or chemical-resistant material.
[02:06:05.005]But remember you can always go that extra step.
[02:06:08.570]The label is the minimum requirement.
[02:06:10.300]So if it says coverall,
[02:06:11.660]you can indeed wear a chemical-resistant coverall.
[02:06:16.109]The label also may specify
[02:06:18.240]that coveralls be worn over clothing,
[02:06:20.490]and this label had said wear over long-sleeved shirt
[02:06:25.150]and long pants.
[02:06:27.280]Okay, the next thing it says is that people
[02:06:30.870]who might be exposed to the concentrate
[02:06:33.070]have to wear chemical-resistant gloves.
[02:06:35.440]Okay, and then it gives you an example, or the gloves,
[02:06:39.010]such as barrier laminate,
[02:06:40.740]and here it can be any weight of barrier laminate.
[02:06:43.940]And then it says a number of other materials,
[02:06:47.910]butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber,
[02:06:51.450]natural rubber, polyethylene, PVC, and Viton,
[02:06:55.910]but they have to be at least 14 mils
[02:06:59.240]to provide more protection.
[02:07:00.950]Anything less than 14 mils is usually considered disposable
[02:07:04.270]in terms of a glove.
[02:07:06.490]So I do have some examples of gloves here for you to see
[02:07:09.650]so we can talk about them a little bit.
[02:07:11.690]The first one here, the green, is a reusable nitrile.
[02:07:14.410]It's 15 mil,
[02:07:15.770]so you can see that would be appropriate to wear.
[02:07:18.440]And I did some pricing, and that, to give you an idea,
[02:07:20.620]is about two-and-a-quarter a pair.
[02:07:23.310]And underneath it, you see the blue,
[02:07:25.340]those are disposable nitriles.
[02:07:27.000]Those are commonly used.
[02:07:28.730]But in this case, they wouldn't be acceptable.
[02:07:30.680]They're only 3.7 mils.
[02:07:32.800]Those are disposable.
[02:07:33.820]They're about 10 cents a piece.
[02:07:35.230]You can buy a box of a 100 of them
[02:07:37.420]and just pull 'em out, with the appropriate pesticide,
[02:07:40.520]use 'em, and then you can just throw 'em away.
[02:07:43.160]Above that is neoprene, this is a pretty heavy one.
[02:07:45.750]It's a 30 mil, so definitely this would work.
[02:07:48.370]Offers very good protection.
[02:07:50.275]Almost $16 a pair, so they will last quite a while.
[02:07:54.570]Next to it is butyl rubber,
[02:07:56.490]and this one is 28-and-a-half dollars, so more expensive.
[02:08:00.040]And remember I said the barrier laminate,
[02:08:01.980]you could wear any weight of that.
[02:08:04.040]This one is only 2.7 mils, so very lightweight,
[02:08:07.530]but still it provides excellent protection,
[02:08:10.340]and that's about six-and-a-half dollars for a pair of those.
[02:08:13.310]So that just gives you an idea
[02:08:14.930]of what some of these gloves are and the cost
[02:08:17.240]and what they look like.
[02:08:19.600]Okay, next we'll look at if you might be exposed
[02:08:23.860]to the concentrate, you must wear protective eyewear,
[02:08:26.970]shielded safety glasses, face shields,
[02:08:30.050]goggles, or a full-face respirator.
[02:08:32.930]Okay, and here we have some pictures of them.
[02:08:36.240]Notice I didn't say prescription eyeglasses or sunglasses.
[02:08:41.050]They allow pesticides or vapors to get in on the sides
[02:08:44.300]or underneath, so those wouldn't be appropriate.
[02:08:49.470]All right, moving on,
[02:08:50.690]if you might be exposed to the concentrate,
[02:08:52.970]you must wear chemical-resistant footwear plus socks.
[02:08:56.430]So chemical-resistant footwear includes
[02:08:58.540]chemical-resistant shoes, chemical-resistant boots,
[02:09:02.050]or there are chemical-resistant, let's call 'em booties,
[02:09:04.350]that you can pull over your regular shoes.
[02:09:07.040]And don't ever try and wear sandals or cloth or leather.
[02:09:10.810]They just will not provide the protection
[02:09:12.750]you need in this case.
[02:09:15.600]So moving on,
[02:09:17.880]also, if you might be exposed to the concentrate,
[02:09:21.130]you must wear a chemical-resistant apron.
[02:09:23.500]Remember in previous trainings you've heard that
[02:09:26.680]the groin area is an area that is especially susceptible
[02:09:30.490]to absorption by pesticides.
[02:09:32.080]That's why the chemical-resistant apron is so important
[02:09:34.960]for mixers and loaders.
[02:09:38.560]And next, if you might be exposed to the concentrate
[02:09:41.900]for this particular pesticide, you must wear
[02:09:44.470]a NIOSH-approved dust/mist filtering respirator
[02:09:48.200]with any N, R, P, or HE filter
[02:09:51.990]or a NIOSH-approved dust/mist filtering respirator
[02:09:55.380]with approval number prefix TC-21C.
[02:09:59.210]So what in the world does that mean?
[02:10:01.320]We're gonna decipher that, okay.
[02:10:03.670]But first, I wanted to talk a little bit
[02:10:05.950]about the types of respirators.
[02:10:07.520]There's two main types,
[02:10:08.740]an air-purifying and an air-supplying.
[02:10:11.970]And first let's talk about the air-purifying.
[02:10:14.410]These are ones where you're just breathing the ambient air
[02:10:18.070]and the air is going in through some filters
[02:10:20.600]that's doing the purifying.
[02:10:22.630]Some examples of those are in the bottom corner.
[02:10:25.020]You see those filtering face mask,
[02:10:28.350]or we sometimes call 'em a dust mask.
[02:10:31.380]Next to it is a half-mask respirator,
[02:10:34.480]and it has some filters on the side.
[02:10:36.560]The next picture are some different cartridges
[02:10:39.040]that offer protection.
[02:10:40.860]Next, we have the full-face mask respirator,
[02:10:44.840]and then next to it is another,
[02:10:46.400]these are all air-purifying respirators now,
[02:10:48.590]they take the ambient air when you inhale
[02:10:52.030]and filter out before it reaches you.
[02:10:54.520]The next one is a little different.
[02:10:56.120]It's called a powered air purifying respirator or a PAPR.
[02:11:01.110]And you can see there's a little battery
[02:11:02.860]that he's wearing around his waist.
[02:11:05.480]The battery powers a fan that draws in air
[02:11:09.770]that goes through the tube into the mask,
[02:11:12.820]so air is constantly flowing.
[02:11:14.680]In this case, he's wearing a helmet.
[02:11:16.940]The air is constantly flowing through and underneath
[02:11:20.290]and going out down underneath the mask.
[02:11:22.810]So something I wanted to mention
[02:11:24.370]was the previous masks that I talked about,
[02:11:27.410]the half-mask and the full-face mask,
[02:11:30.910]they have a tight seal around.
[02:11:32.580]We don't want any air to enter underneath.
[02:11:35.180]But it's a little different with some of the PAPRs,
[02:11:37.680]the powered air purifying respirators,
[02:11:40.250]the helmets and hoods do have air flowing in through
[02:11:43.870]underneath and escaping, and so in those cases,
[02:11:48.322]it is not considered a tight fitting,
[02:11:50.710]instead, that's a loose-fitting respirator.
[02:11:52.890]And we'll talk about that a little bit more
[02:11:54.470]and you'll understand the difference.
[02:11:57.380]Finally, we have the other type,
[02:11:59.230]the air-supplying respirator.
[02:12:01.180]This you carry the air either in a tank on your back
[02:12:04.380]or there might be a compressor that has an air line to it,
[02:12:08.016]so you're actually inhaling purified air.
[02:12:12.970]So that's the difference between the air purifying
[02:12:15.120]and air supplying.
[02:12:16.320]Air supplying is something you'd probably be using more
[02:12:18.790]in a fumigation situation.
[02:12:21.050]They're more expensive, more training is required,
[02:12:25.300]and in that situation, fumigation,
[02:12:27.500]that's why the Nebraska Department of Agriculture
[02:12:30.840]really recommends you hire a professional
[02:12:32.870]for those type of applications.
[02:12:36.540]Okay, so then we have a couple different kinds of filters.
[02:12:41.660]One is the particulate filter,
[02:12:43.390]and here we have an example of one.
[02:12:45.450]The particulate filters filter out small dust particles
[02:12:50.630]or they can actually filter out small mist particles.
[02:12:54.170]They don't do anything for gases.
[02:12:57.040]And what we're really concerned about
[02:12:58.630]with particulate filters is how they react
[02:13:00.940]or how they handle oil.
[02:13:02.820]And what do I mean by oil?
[02:13:04.340]Well, we have a definition,
[02:13:05.710]mineral, vegetable, and synthetic substances
[02:13:08.770]and animal and vegetable fats that are generally slippery,
[02:13:11.740]combustible, viscous, liquid at room temperatures,
[02:13:15.100]and soluble in various organic solvents but not in water.
[02:13:19.020]Okay, and why are we concerned about that?
[02:13:21.110]Some pesticides do have oils in them
[02:13:23.960]or there might be a formulation that contains oils,
[02:13:27.150]so the particulate filters
[02:13:28.900]may have to be able to handle that.
[02:13:31.210]So we have three ratings in terms of particulate filters.
[02:13:34.470]It might have an N, meaning it's not resistant to oil,
[02:13:38.350]that it won't keep oil out.
[02:13:40.490]It's an R, which is somewhat resistant.
[02:13:43.010]It could last for up to eight hours.
[02:13:45.050]Or P is oil-proof,
[02:13:46.550]that means it can protect you against oils.
[02:13:50.050]Okay, so you see here is an example.
[02:13:52.420]It has a P, so that means it's oil-proof.
[02:13:55.640]And next, besides those letters,
[02:13:57.510]there are some numbers associated with the filters.
[02:14:00.360]For example, 95 means it removes 95% of particulates
[02:14:05.530]0.3 microns or larger.
[02:14:07.770]So what in the world is a micron?
[02:14:10.270]I found a really nice EPA graphic here.
[02:14:13.100]You can see at the bottom there's some fine beach sand,
[02:14:16.110]and think about it, you can hold sand in your hand
[02:14:18.830]and see the granules with your naked eye,
[02:14:22.070]and those are about 90 microns in diameter.
[02:14:25.080]Above that there's a human hair,
[02:14:27.180]and a human hair is about 50 to 70 microns in diameter.
[02:14:30.980]A horsehair for example, might be a little bigger than that.
[02:14:35.850]Next, going down the hair, you see PM 10,
[02:14:40.090]that's less than 10 microns.
[02:14:43.980]Dust or pollen or mold would be in that size.
[02:14:47.890]And then up at the top there are combustion particles,
[02:14:51.280]organic compounds, and metals
[02:14:54.720]that are less than 2.5 microns.
[02:14:57.150]So you can't see those without any assistance
[02:15:01.450]by microscopes or something.
[02:15:03.380]But remember we were talking about things
[02:15:05.500]0.3 microns or less, so even smaller than that,
[02:15:09.170]these filters will work.
[02:15:10.710]So let's go back to that,
[02:15:11.830]95 removes 95% of particulates 0.3 microns or larger.
[02:15:17.550]99 removes 99% of the particulates,
[02:15:21.180]and 100, if it has a rating of a 100,
[02:15:23.720]it removes 99.7% of those sized particulates,
[02:15:27.990]which is basically all.
[02:15:30.560]Then there is one more rating you might see, it's HE,
[02:15:33.810]that means high efficiency,
[02:15:35.470]and that's basically removing 99.7% of those particulates,
[02:15:41.140]three microns or larger.
[02:15:43.900]All right, so now you remember I mentioned NIOSH.
[02:15:47.550]NIOSH means
[02:15:48.383]the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
[02:15:52.650]and they do the testing on all respirators.
[02:15:55.600]And whenever you are using a respirator,
[02:15:58.080]it has to be NIOSH approved,
[02:15:59.580]and you'll actually see NIOSH on the respirator itself.
[02:16:03.300]And I wanted to go through some examples here.
[02:16:06.020]So there are the particulate filters,
[02:16:07.630]remember those filter out mists or dusts,
[02:16:11.360]and you'll see it's N, R, or P,
[02:16:13.760]95, 99, or 100.
[02:16:16.440]And you can see here is an example, there's a P 100,
[02:16:20.110]and both of them are,
[02:16:21.190]just different shapes of different particulate filters.
[02:16:25.360]So these are examples of particulate filters.
[02:16:28.480]The first two are those filtering face piece respirators,
[02:16:32.932]and something I wanted to point out
[02:16:34.980]is notice both of them have two straps.
[02:16:38.420]You might see these in your hardware store.
[02:16:41.110]These are never gonna be NIOSH approved.
[02:16:44.550]They only have one strap.
[02:16:46.140]You just can't get a good seal.
[02:16:48.030]Remember I said these have to be tight fitting?
[02:16:51.010]They need a tight-fitting seal.
[02:16:53.380]You just won't get that with this.
[02:16:55.730]So if you see something with one strap,
[02:16:58.730]just forget about it.
[02:16:59.563]Go right away to a two strap.
[02:17:02.520]The first one you can be for $1.50
[02:17:06.130]and that one, yeah, and you can see it says TC-84A.
[02:17:11.420]That means it's a particulate filter respirator.
[02:17:15.800]Next to it is a little higher priced but more effective.
[02:17:20.480]The two straps are adjustable,
[02:17:22.740]and also you see that yellow in the middle,
[02:17:25.460]that's an exhalation valve,
[02:17:27.170]so when you are inhaling and exhaling,
[02:17:31.010]it's an area where moisture can escape.
[02:17:33.700]Those range from three to $9 a piece.
[02:17:36.960]The more protection, such as like the P100
[02:17:40.160]probably would be more in the $9 range.
[02:17:44.070]And then finally we have the full-face mask respirator.
[02:17:48.560]And this one has two particulate filters on the bottom.
[02:17:51.980]You can see those pink or magenta filters.
[02:17:55.430]One thing really nice, and it's $125,
[02:17:58.260]so quite a bit more expensive,
[02:18:00.990]but one thing really nice about these
[02:18:02.940]is when you find one that fits, when you get one that fits,
[02:18:06.890]you can interchange different cartridges
[02:18:10.127]for those particulate filters
[02:18:13.210]and use it for a number of different purposes
[02:18:16.040]and a number of different pesticides.
[02:18:19.800]Okay, so we covered the particulate filters.
[02:18:22.340]Next, we have the chemical cartridges, our TC,
[02:18:25.700]and I should say TC means tested and certified by NIOSH,
[02:18:29.160]the TC-23C, and here you can see first we have the black
[02:18:33.197]half-face respirator, the half-mask,
[02:18:37.410]and this one you can see it has a black cartridge.
[02:18:40.130]Those black cartridges mean that they will
[02:18:43.280]provide protection against organic vapors.
[02:18:46.240]And these cartridges are color coded.
[02:18:48.520]Next to it is a full-face mask respirator,
[02:18:51.460]and it too has black cartridges.
[02:18:53.140]You can see the black along the edge.
[02:18:55.120]One thing I wanted to point out is, look especially,
[02:18:57.780]you can see the tight fitting seal
[02:18:59.840]around that full-face mask, around his face.
[02:19:03.080]It does not allow air to enter underneath it.
[02:19:06.100]And up at the top, there's a black cartridge
[02:19:08.450]and there's an example
[02:19:09.330]of another organic chemical cartridge.
[02:19:12.945]It's kind of an olive green.
[02:19:14.730]It also provides some protection against other gases.
[02:19:19.970]Okay, then something that's really helpful
[02:19:23.590]is you can get combination filters.
[02:19:25.500]They will protect you against particulates
[02:19:28.030]as well as chemicals,
[02:19:30.260]and you get these cartridges to fit your respirator.
[02:19:36.010]Okay, next, remember we talked about the PAPRs,
[02:19:38.450]the power air purifying respirator.
[02:19:40.770]If it has a particulate filter, it's a TC-21C,
[02:19:44.540]and, again, it has the batter pack.
[02:19:46.510]And down below, I have an example
[02:19:48.370]of the loose fitting hood and helmet,
[02:19:52.000]and over on the side, it's the tight fitting full-face mask.
[02:19:56.960]Okay, so keep those in mind.
[02:20:00.270]All right, so now we've gone through,
[02:20:02.260]now we should be able to understand it.
[02:20:03.840]A NIOSH-approved dust/mist filtering respirator,
[02:20:07.680]so we know NIOSH is the
[02:20:08.820]National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
[02:20:12.030]with any N, R, P, or HE filter.
[02:20:15.740]So that means that with this particular pesticide,
[02:20:20.940]there apparently aren't any oils involved,
[02:20:23.000]because you can even use an N filter.
[02:20:25.200]What they're concerned about is the particulates.
[02:20:28.100]Okay, or you can use the NIOSH-approved dust/mist
[02:20:31.280]filtering respirator with the approval number prefix TC-21C
[02:20:35.850]so that was the PAPR with the particulate filters.
[02:20:41.260]So that gives you an example
[02:20:44.490]of what a respirator information might be like on a label.
[02:20:49.310]Okay, then another type of respirator
[02:20:52.150]that you might consider is a gas mask with a canister.
[02:20:55.950]That's a TC-14G.
[02:20:58.210]Here you can see it just has one canister
[02:21:00.240]down at the bottom.
[02:21:01.540]These are more expensive.
[02:21:02.880]The canisters themselves are more expensive.
[02:21:05.450]They might last longer.
[02:21:08.620]Then finally there's the self-contained breathing apparatus
[02:21:12.510]the SCBA, and here he's got it on his back.
[02:21:15.850]That's a TC-13F.
[02:21:19.730]Okay, so now some important things
[02:21:21.970]to think about respirators is when the label says
[02:21:25.260]you need to wear a respirator,
[02:21:27.020]you do need to wear a respirator.
[02:21:29.460]But first you have to have a medical evaluation.
[02:21:32.780]Wearing a respirator puts stress on your respiratory system
[02:21:36.510]and on your heart, so you have to have a medical evaluation
[02:21:40.560]to make sure you can handle it.
[02:21:42.380]If you have heart problems, if you have asthma,
[02:21:45.390]you might have to adjust
[02:21:46.970]or wear a different type of respirator.
[02:21:50.570]So after you have the medical evaluation
[02:21:52.700]and are cleared to be able to wear a respirator,
[02:21:55.230]you have to have a fit test.
[02:21:57.050]And what this fit test is,
[02:21:58.400]it's for those tight-fitting respirators,
[02:22:02.210]remember we talked about.
[02:22:03.620]The fit test is for,
[02:22:05.610]you have to have one for every respirator
[02:22:08.590]that you will be using,
[02:22:09.720]and it's specific to not only the style and the model,
[02:22:12.720]but the size, so you get fitted for each one and approved.
[02:22:17.510]And, again, those loose fitting,
[02:22:19.780]you don't need that tight seal,
[02:22:21.200]so you don't have to have the fit test.
[02:22:23.700]An example of that is the PAPR with the helmet and the hood.
[02:22:29.540]And here's what it looks like.
[02:22:31.730]The fit test, what it is basically, it's done once a year
[02:22:35.520]and with all the respirators that you would be using,
[02:22:39.270]and the test would be if you're wearing it,
[02:22:43.210]you should not be able to smell or taste
[02:22:46.880]a chemical substance that is being waved around
[02:22:50.020]and that might be a bitter taste or a saccharin taste,
[02:22:52.450]so that's what the fit test is.
[02:22:55.050]And finally, after you've gone through those,
[02:22:57.130]you have to have annual training.
[02:22:59.200]And the training is to make sure you understand
[02:23:01.990]why you're wearing the respirator, how to put it on,
[02:23:05.510]how to take it off, how to maintain it, and how to clean it,
[02:23:10.560]and also how to know if it's not working.
[02:23:13.150]If you can taste or smell chemicals
[02:23:16.720]or if you start feeling sick to your stomach or nauseous,
[02:23:20.128]immediately get out into fresh air
[02:23:23.583]and take off the respirator and check it.
[02:23:26.450]So that's what the training is.
[02:23:27.800]Again, the training is annual.
[02:23:30.700]Okay, so now something I wanted to talk about
[02:23:34.750]is we'll do a seal check demonstration in a minute.
[02:23:38.270]Whenever you wear a respirator, you have to do a seal check.
[02:23:41.840]This helps you determine if that respirator,
[02:23:45.400]now you've already been fit tested,
[02:23:46.840]so we know that that size and that style
[02:23:49.270]fits your particular face shape.
[02:23:51.930]Whenever you put it on, you do a seal check
[02:23:54.440]to make sure that you've got it positioned properly
[02:23:57.170]on your face.
[02:23:58.670]And when you do a seal check,
[02:24:01.650]you should be wearing whatever PPE you need.
[02:24:04.360]If you're supposed to wear safety goggles
[02:24:06.614]or something, other eye protection, you should put that on.
[02:24:10.597]And if you do need to wear eye protection,
[02:24:12.320]wear the eye protection
[02:24:13.590]when you're doing the seal check as well.
[02:24:16.700]You do have to be clean shaven,
[02:24:18.700]so the seal is not compromised.
[02:24:21.020]A beard, beard stubble, mustache, stray hairs,
[02:24:24.240]or even a low hairline could prevent that mask
[02:24:26.930]from forming a tight seal against your face,
[02:24:29.950]and that would allow unfiltered air to be inhaled.
[02:24:32.990]And another example, piercings might interfere with that.
[02:24:36.920]Okay, now I'm gonna ask, Frank Bright is here
[02:24:39.600]from the PCEP program.
[02:24:41.070]Frank is gonna demonstrate a seal check
[02:24:43.050]with a half-mask respirator, okay, Frank,
[02:24:46.180]and first what he's gonna do is he's gonna check
[02:24:48.570]the respirator for breaks or cracks or tears,
[02:24:53.030]and if everything looks good, does it look okay?
[02:24:55.380]Mm-hmm. All right, all right,
[02:24:56.620]so he's gonna put the respirator on his face.
[02:24:59.100]He's gonna hold it up and pull the top,
[02:25:01.810]and some like this one, it's a halo shape.
[02:25:05.020]He's gonna pull that plastic strap over the top of his head
[02:25:07.890]and adjust it.
[02:25:09.810]Next, he's gonna connect the straps that go behind his neck
[02:25:13.360]and pull the loose ends of the straps so they fit
[02:25:15.770]and they're comfortable.
[02:25:16.790]Don't make it too tight.
[02:25:18.600]It has to be comfortable, because you might be wearing
[02:25:20.730]that respirator for a couple of hours.
[02:25:23.350]Now, when Frank thinks he has a tight seal.
[02:25:26.450]You think you do?
[02:25:27.320]He's gonna perform a seal check.
[02:25:29.300]And one thing I wanted to say
[02:25:30.570]is if the manufacturer of the respirator has instructions,
[02:25:33.500]follow those instructions for both the seal check
[02:25:36.460]and for putting it on.
[02:25:38.630]But these are basically some general instructions.
[02:25:41.260]So first he's gonna do a positive seal check.
[02:25:44.180]He's gonna cover the exhalation valve
[02:25:46.150]in front of the respirator with his palm,
[02:25:48.140]and he's gonna gently exhale.
[02:25:51.440]If he can do this without feeling or hearing a rush of air
[02:25:55.840]around the faceplate, he has a good seal.
[02:25:58.340]Does that feel okay?
[02:25:59.450]All right, good.
[02:26:01.160]Then he's gonna do a negative seal check.
[02:26:03.580]He's gonna cover the intake portion
[02:26:05.430]of each of the two cartridges with the palm of his hands
[02:26:07.800]and inhale gently, and if the seal is good,
[02:26:11.610]he should not be able to pull in any air
[02:26:14.000]through the faceplate and he can't, okay,
[02:26:16.620]and he can't hear it either, great.
[02:26:18.430]So that one fits him well.
[02:26:20.590]Okay, good, thank you.
[02:26:22.320]All right, so if either the positive or negative seal check
[02:26:26.650]shows that the seal is not good,
[02:26:28.810]check carefully around the faceplate
[02:26:30.440]for damages or obstructions.
[02:26:32.390]Now, if you have hair in between,
[02:26:33.850]even hair at the top of your face, if that's underneath,
[02:26:37.510]that would also compromise the seal.
[02:26:40.160]So if you do think that it does not have a good seal,
[02:26:43.950]take the face mask off completely, check it over,
[02:26:46.630]and put it on again,
[02:26:48.690]and keep any hair or anything out of the way
[02:26:51.180]and do the seal check again.
[02:26:53.300]In some cases, maybe something has changed
[02:26:57.090]in terms of your face, maybe you've lost weight
[02:26:59.190]or gained weight, you'd have to get another fit test
[02:27:03.190]if you're gonna use a different respirator.
[02:27:06.200]Okay, if you're going to use a different size or style,
[02:27:08.690]I should say.
[02:27:11.150]Okay, and now you have to do a seal check
[02:27:14.000]for those disposable particulate filter masks as well.
[02:27:17.560]So first check the manufacturer's instructions
[02:27:20.140]for the correct way to put it on if it has it,
[02:27:22.710]and they might have directions for their preferred method
[02:27:26.200]of doing a seal check.
[02:27:28.180]So Frank's gonna demonstrate,
[02:27:29.900]using one hand he'll put the respirator on his face
[02:27:32.570]with the nose piece at his fingertips
[02:27:35.050]and let the straps hang freely.
[02:27:36.900]Okay, then the nose piece,
[02:27:38.600]it should cover the bridge of his nose,
[02:27:40.350]and the respirator is, yep, it's cupping his chin.
[02:27:43.420]Now pull the top strap over his head,
[02:27:46.230]and he's gonna rest that top strap high on the crown, good.
[02:27:49.900]All right, then pull the bottom strap over his head
[02:27:52.690]and position it around his neck and below his ears.
[02:27:56.521]And he's made sure he does not have the straps crisscrossed.
[02:28:01.660]Okay, now make sure that your nose and mouth
[02:28:05.490]are covered by the respirator
[02:28:07.010]and there shouldn't be any hair between your face
[02:28:09.620]and the edges of the respirator.
[02:28:11.850]Now, this particular one and others
[02:28:13.500]do have a metal piece along the nose of the bridge,
[02:28:17.110]yeah, your nose bridge or bridge of the nose.
[02:28:19.790]So with both hands, Frank's going to press his fingertips
[02:28:23.380]on the metal band, and he's gonna press down
[02:28:26.400]while moving his fingers outward,
[02:28:29.050]and this helps mold that mask for a tighter fit.
[02:28:33.220]Okay, so now you think you've got a pretty good seal?
[02:28:36.220]All right, what he's gonna do is he's gonna put both hands
[02:28:39.400]over the respirator completely
[02:28:42.360]and he's going to do a positive pressure seal check
[02:28:45.490]by gently exhaling and he'll see if the face piece
[02:28:49.160]bulges slightly, and it should because we want the air
[02:28:52.580]to be trapped in there.
[02:28:54.510]Okay?
[02:28:56.339]All right.
[02:28:57.172]Now, he'll do a negative pressure seal check.
[02:28:59.210]He's gonna take a quick deep breath
[02:29:01.280]to see if the face piece collapses slightly,
[02:29:05.042]and he should feel the mask tighten against his face.
[02:29:07.160]You do?
[02:29:07.993]All right, great.
[02:29:08.940]And so during either test,
[02:29:10.580]if air leaks between your face or the edge of the respirator
[02:29:14.050]if you can see it or feel it, you don't have a good seal.
[02:29:17.530]Try adjusting everything.
[02:29:19.850]All right, thanks a lot, Frank.
[02:29:23.970]Okay, so that is doing a seal check,
[02:29:27.840]and we've done that with both the half-mask
[02:29:30.880]and the filtering face piece, or the dust masks.
[02:29:34.640]And remember beards and mustaches will compromise the seal.
[02:29:40.350]Keep hair away from the seal.
[02:29:43.760]So, and again, those are only for
[02:29:45.720]the tight-fitting respirators,
[02:29:47.460]not for the loose-fitting respirators.
[02:29:49.590]So that might be a solution
[02:29:51.270]if you don't wanna get rid of your beard
[02:29:53.150]or if you can't get a good, tight fit
[02:29:56.911]that the loose-fitting respirators might be a way to go.
[02:30:01.960]All right, let's continue.
[02:30:03.590]Now, we've covered if you're dealing with concentrates
[02:30:07.450]on the pesticide label.
[02:30:09.220]So let's move on to if you're using spray equipment
[02:30:13.040]mounted on your back, so the backpack sprayer.
[02:30:16.570]Here it says you must wear coveralls
[02:30:19.100]over long-sleeved shirt and long pants,
[02:30:22.400]and we've talked about that already.
[02:30:24.420]Remember, it does not have to be chemical resistant,
[02:30:27.710]but it might actually be a good idea for a backpack sprayer.
[02:30:32.470]Then next, you have to wear chemical-resistant gloves.
[02:30:35.190]And notice, this is the same as if you
[02:30:37.400]were using the concentrate, any weight of barrier laminate
[02:30:41.060]and 14 mils or more for the other materials.
[02:30:45.410]And this, again, is for the backpack sprayer.
[02:30:48.720]Then you must wear chemical-resistant footwear plus socks.
[02:30:52.440]That makes sense because often when you're using
[02:30:54.700]a backpack sprayer, you might be walking through
[02:30:57.050]or near something you've just sprayed.
[02:31:00.990]Okay, then all other applicators exposed to dilute pesticide
[02:31:08.490]of this particular product,
[02:31:10.510]so that would be the applicator, any other handlers,
[02:31:14.060]have to wear long-sleeved shirt and pants
[02:31:16.360]and shoes plus socks.
[02:31:17.770]We consider that standard attire.
[02:31:20.020]If the pesticide label says nothing about PPE,
[02:31:23.560]we strongly recommend wearing long-sleeved shirt and pants
[02:31:26.580]and shoes and socks.
[02:31:28.050]Okay, that's considered standard attire.
[02:31:31.000]Then, next you have to wear those chemical-resistant gloves.
[02:31:34.280]The same thing goes, the barrier laminate of any weight,
[02:31:38.230]or 14 mils or heavier of the other materials.
[02:31:43.140]Okay, let's move on now.
[02:31:44.730]We've pretty much covered all this label has to say
[02:31:47.160]about PPE.
[02:31:48.400]Let's see what they have to say
[02:31:49.350]about cleaning and maintaining your equipment.
[02:31:53.140]Here it says follow manufacturer's instructions
[02:31:55.820]for cleaning and maintaining, and that's always the case
[02:31:59.070]for the particular piece of equipment you're using.
[02:32:02.420]If there are no directions for washables,
[02:32:05.440]use detergent and hot water,
[02:32:07.650]and always when you're doing this type of laundry,
[02:32:10.660]wash your personal protective equipment separate
[02:32:12.990]from your family laundry.
[02:32:14.180]You don't wanna cross contaminate.
[02:32:16.680]Here it says discard clothing and other absorbent materials
[02:32:19.600]that have been drenched or heavily contaminated
[02:32:22.140]with this product's concentrate.
[02:32:24.480]Don't try to reuse 'em, don't try and wash 'em.
[02:32:27.010]It just takes so many launderings,
[02:32:29.690]and you still might get that concentrate out.
[02:32:32.080]It's best for safety purposes just to get rid of it,
[02:32:35.280]just dispose of it.
[02:32:37.790]Okay, now for cleaning respirators.
[02:32:39.390]We'll talk about this a little bit.
[02:32:41.310]The first thing you do to clean a respirator
[02:32:43.540]is take off the filters or cartridges.
[02:32:45.660]They might screw out or they might just snap out
[02:32:49.210]and set those separately.
[02:32:50.330]You might put those just in their own sealed container.
[02:32:55.110]Then take that mask and wash and rinse it
[02:32:58.623]and use a detergent,
[02:33:01.970]and if the detergent isn't a sanitizer,
[02:33:05.130]remember when you're inhaling and exhaling,
[02:33:07.840]there's a potential for fungal spores
[02:33:10.380]or bacteria to build up eventually, so we wanna sanitize it.
[02:33:14.870]You could use two tablespoons of bleach
[02:33:17.430]in a gallon of water.
[02:33:19.150]Then after you're through washing and sanitizing,
[02:33:21.820]make sure you rinse it thoroughly.
[02:33:23.580]You don't want any residues of the detergent
[02:33:26.300]or the bleach water, because it might degrade the material
[02:33:31.300]that the respirator is made of.
[02:33:33.780]Also, your skin might react to it, too.
[02:33:36.860]So rinse it thoroughly.
[02:33:38.540]And then it's important to air dry.
[02:33:41.350]And you can check for cracks or breaks at this time as well.
[02:33:46.160]And air dry, it has to be perfectly dry,
[02:33:48.860]then you can put it in an airtight bag or container.
[02:33:52.930]You don't wanna put it in moist, because there again,
[02:33:55.030]you have potential for bacteria or mold to develop.
[02:33:59.230]So when you're storing it,
[02:34:00.870]it's really important to track the usage of these filters
[02:34:03.630]and cartridges.
[02:34:04.540]And so how do you know when to replace them?
[02:34:07.230]First off, look at what the manufacturer says.
[02:34:09.700]If the manufacturer says replace after four hours,
[02:34:12.370]that's it.
[02:34:13.350]If after eight hours or 10 hours, follow that.
[02:34:16.260]If the manufacture doesn't give any time limits
[02:34:19.300]or restrictions, we go by the general rule of eight hours.
[02:34:23.290]So if you wear it for two hours on Tuesday
[02:34:25.900]and four hours on Thursday, that's six hours.
[02:34:29.010]There's two more hours you could use that particular
[02:34:31.780]set of filters or cartridges before you'd have to replace.
[02:34:35.730]However, if whenever you're using the filters or cartridges,
[02:34:40.840]if you have difficulty breathing
[02:34:42.880]or if you can taste or smell chemicals,
[02:34:45.440]that's the time to replace it.
[02:34:47.370]Okay, that beats everything.
[02:34:50.770]All right, so finally for storage.
[02:34:53.390]You might think it's a good idea to store your PPE
[02:34:55.880]right next to the pesticides in case there's a problem,
[02:34:58.560]you can grab it and you're right there,
[02:35:00.440]but keep it away from it.
[02:35:01.750]You wouldn't want any vapors or any dust
[02:35:04.250]to contaminate your PPE.
[02:35:06.510]So store them separately from the pesticides,
[02:35:09.340]and also keep your PPE out of direct sunlight
[02:35:12.420]and out of extreme temperatures, extreme hot or cold,
[02:35:16.260]because, again, you don't want the PPE to wear down.
[02:35:19.860]And so that's all I have to talk about for PPE.
[02:35:22.690]Thanks a lot.
[02:35:23.834](easygoing instrumental music)
[02:35:28.760]Now that you've heard from a variety of experts
[02:35:31.600]and on a variety of topics,
[02:35:33.320]we'll go over some last minute paperwork details
[02:35:35.870]for this training session.
[02:35:38.200]The $90 state licensing fee covers you
[02:35:41.680]as a commercial applicator for three years.
[02:35:44.530]It's paid on a per person basis, not a per category basis,
[02:35:48.830]and you need to already have a pesticide license
[02:35:51.780]to be able to recertify.
[02:35:54.820]There's no fee if you're a non-commercial applicator.
[02:35:59.380]If you would like to become a commercial applicator
[02:36:01.630]and are a non-commercial applicator,
[02:36:03.820]alls you need to do is pay the $90 fee,
[02:36:06.320]and you'll be switched to a commercial applicator.
[02:36:10.540]So once you have completed the bubble form application,
[02:36:14.250]that gets mailed in to NDA,
[02:36:16.150]and they'll provide a billing invoice to you,
[02:36:20.170]and then one that's been paid,
[02:36:23.800]that gets mailed into the NDA.
[02:36:27.590]Once they receive payment of your license fee,
[02:36:31.300]the NDA will mail you your license card.
[02:36:34.120]If you have any more questions dealing with the NDA
[02:36:37.750]and the licensing processing,
[02:36:39.600]you can call 402-471-2394
[02:36:44.270]or 877-800-4080.
[02:36:52.422]So covering just a lot of
[02:36:55.380]different responsible techniques today.
[02:36:57.200]We'll just kind of touch on a few
[02:36:59.190]as just a last minute reminder.
[02:37:01.100]Using IPM, integrated pest management,
[02:37:03.400]is a great idea across the board.
[02:37:05.950]You wanna always make sure to do that.
[02:37:08.110]Read and follow the label directions.
[02:37:09.830]We can't express enough how important the label is.
[02:37:14.260]It is the law.
[02:37:16.610]Know what you're applying, be aware of your surroundings.
[02:37:19.570]Knowledge is a very powerful tool in applying pesticides
[02:37:23.940]in a safe manner.
[02:37:25.690]Make sure you use your proper PPE according to the label
[02:37:29.090]when applying and handling pesticides.
[02:37:31.650]Remember that not only can you be affected
[02:37:34.320]by the mishandling of pesticides,
[02:37:35.810]but you can affect the health of your family, friends,
[02:37:39.430]and neighbors, as well.
[02:37:41.890]If you have nay more questions about pesticide safety,
[02:37:44.740]you may contact the UNL Pesticide Safety Education Program
[02:37:48.450]at 402-472-1632
[02:37:52.310]or 800-627-7216
[02:37:56.060]or visit us at pested.unl.edu.
[02:37:59.557](easygoing instrumental music)

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PSEP General Standards Recertification

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