Structural Health 08 - recertification

Nebraska Extension Author

09/25/2019 Added

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For applicators using restricted use pesticides to become recertified in Category 08, Structural Health.

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[00:00:00.941](upbeat music)
[00:00:18.461]Hello, I'm Frank Bright, Extension assistant
[00:00:21.050]for the Pesticide Safety Education Program.
[00:00:23.690]Welcome to the recertification for category 08,
[00:00:26.410]Structural Health Related Pest Control.
[00:00:29.240]This training will provide a review and update
[00:00:31.560]on topics related to structural health.
[00:00:34.160]Through this training, you will hear
[00:00:35.510]from UNL and Extensions specialists.
[00:00:37.800]They will give you information about these situations
[00:00:40.040]and give advice on how to educate and assist your clients.
[00:00:43.450]We will cover topics of integrated pest management,
[00:00:46.740]cockroaches, ants, mice, rodents and other vertebrae pests,
[00:00:51.660]pesticide resistance, application equipment,
[00:00:54.560]and pesticide drift.
[00:00:56.024](upbeat music)
[00:01:07.983]Hi, everybody, I'm Jonathan Larson.
[00:01:09.280]I'm an Extension entomologist with
[00:01:10.720]the University of Nebraska, and I'm here today to talk
[00:01:12.670]to you about some of the different kinds
[00:01:13.730]of pests that you're gonna encounter
[00:01:15.380]as applicators in category eight.
[00:01:17.660]So we're gonna be talking about some
[00:01:18.620]of these different structural pests here today,
[00:01:20.740]their biology, as well as IPM tactics
[00:01:23.330]that we can use against them.
[00:01:25.370]Just to cover some of the basics,
[00:01:26.720]a pest is sort of an anthropomorphic term.
[00:01:29.160]It's something that we use to describe
[00:01:30.730]an animal that we don't like.
[00:01:32.440]It's a destructive animal that attacks our crops,
[00:01:35.240]our food, our livestock, our home,
[00:01:37.280]in the case of your kind of work,
[00:01:38.930]or our personal body, maybe something else
[00:01:41.050]that you'll kind of work with.
[00:01:42.630]Pest is really a strictly human concept.
[00:01:44.810]These are animals that are interacting with things
[00:01:46.740]that we don't want them to interact with,
[00:01:48.770]and so sometimes we try to take steps
[00:01:50.830]to prevent that from happening.
[00:01:52.750]There are lots of different kinds
[00:01:53.960]of pests that we can encounter.
[00:01:55.660]One good category that you're gonna
[00:01:56.910]be familiar with is the structural pests.
[00:01:59.070]These are things that may damage wood
[00:02:00.870]and other building materials,
[00:02:02.340]ultimately weaken some structures.
[00:02:04.210]You can see some ants,
[00:02:05.480]you can see some powderpost beetles here.
[00:02:07.700]This leads to a lot of expensive repairs
[00:02:09.850]and a lot of replacement within a home,
[00:02:11.990]which is often aggravating to the home owner
[00:02:14.020]or a perspective home buyer.
[00:02:16.370]We've also got property pests
[00:02:17.820]that can come in and cause havoc.
[00:02:19.680]These can consume or gnaw on different
[00:02:21.760]kinds of materials or clothing.
[00:02:23.760]So we'd be talking about things like the clothes moth
[00:02:26.440]as well as rodents that can come in.
[00:02:28.460]They'll attack clothing, carpet,
[00:02:30.650]even things like electrical wires
[00:02:32.100]which is what we're seeing here.
[00:02:33.510]These are all at risk of being chewed on by these pests,
[00:02:36.080]again, leading to some expensive repairs,
[00:02:38.310]maybe even a terrible electrocution for a little rodent
[00:02:41.560]where you have to discover their carcass later on.
[00:02:44.460]We've also got food pests, things that want to eat the food
[00:02:47.710]that we eat but also spoil it.
[00:02:49.600]We see this a lot with things like Indian meal moth
[00:02:52.070]and rodents where they get into a food item,
[00:02:54.551]and it might be like a five pound bag of flour or cornmeal.
[00:02:57.810]They rarely, if ever, consume the entire package,
[00:03:01.280]they don't eat all of the food that we have in there,
[00:03:03.590]but they do ruin most of it.
[00:03:05.130]Most people are not going to want to consume food
[00:03:07.960]that is laden with caterpillar feces
[00:03:09.968]or that's been peed on by rodents.
[00:03:11.960]So it's discarded after the discovery
[00:03:14.350]leading to an increase in food waste.
[00:03:17.130]Then we have our health pests,
[00:03:18.720]insects, invertebrates that can carry, or vector,
[00:03:21.470]diseases in their body that they pass on to us
[00:03:24.580]that can cause a lot of diseases inside of our body.
[00:03:27.650]So flies would be a good example.
[00:03:29.191]Rodents can be a good vector for different kinds of viruses
[00:03:33.360]and problematic little contaminants like that.
[00:03:35.740]So this is an issue where they contaminate
[00:03:37.610]our food or surfaces in our home
[00:03:40.020]and then we're exposed to these diseases.
[00:03:42.830]This category also includes problems
[00:03:45.300]with allergies and asthma.
[00:03:46.510]I have asthma, I was born with it,
[00:03:48.300]and I can be triggered by some of
[00:03:49.780]the things that you see on the screen.
[00:03:51.120]My main one is the animals down in the corner.
[00:03:53.350]I shouldn't be exposed to rodents at all.
[00:03:55.080]I always start hacking up a lung when I do.
[00:03:57.350]Pollen is also a problem.
[00:03:59.200]Dust mites and mold in a home,
[00:04:00.810]those are not things that you're really gonna be able
[00:04:02.570]to do a whole lot with unless you own
[00:04:04.850]a moisture remediation business as well,
[00:04:07.430]but roaches, that one there is actually something
[00:04:09.420]you're gonna have to deal with quite a bit.
[00:04:11.260]Cockroaches are one of the leading causes of asthma
[00:04:13.892]and allergies in urban settings.
[00:04:16.420]These pests, they shed a lot of dander.
[00:04:19.020]It's just like an animal, like a cat or a dog.
[00:04:21.670]Their exoskeletons chip off or they shed their exoskeleton.
[00:04:25.069]They create their egg cases and leave those behind.
[00:04:28.400]They poop a lot.
[00:04:29.550]All of those different contaminants can aerosolize
[00:04:32.670]and people will breathe them in,
[00:04:34.010]and each female cockroach actually has been studied
[00:04:37.340]and they have been shown that they can trigger
[00:04:38.970]up to 180 asthma attacks based on some university data.
[00:04:43.310]So these are huge problems.
[00:04:44.570]We see 30% more incidents of asthma in urban settings
[00:04:48.210]when there's cockroaches involved.
[00:04:49.850]It's just a really nasty situation, medically speaking.
[00:04:53.070]So you're gonna have to help people to get rid
[00:04:54.870]of these pests so they can lower those incidents.
[00:04:57.760]We've also got biting pests that can come into the home.
[00:05:00.370]So fleas and lice, these can be
[00:05:02.110]a health issue in some cases,
[00:05:03.840]particularly if people are animal lovers for those fleas.
[00:05:07.120]In schools and other sensitive account settings,
[00:05:09.447]you may end up being exposed to lice.
[00:05:11.810]Now, for your job, you can treat the home
[00:05:14.640]and all those kinds of things for fleas and lice,
[00:05:16.550]but you're not really gonna be able
[00:05:17.550]to treat the people or the pets.
[00:05:19.510]That's something that you'll have
[00:05:20.380]to counsel your clients on doing.
[00:05:23.400]And then finally, we have our aesthetic pests.
[00:05:25.673]This is kinda the catch-all category in entomology.
[00:05:28.890]This is when people just don't like bugs.
[00:05:31.150]They think they're all nasty,
[00:05:32.530]they think they're all terrible,
[00:05:33.560]they're all out to get them like you see here,
[00:05:35.210]they've got evil mustaches that they twirl,
[00:05:37.340]and they're just plotting to annoy all of us at all times,
[00:05:40.830]and people are gonna call you and they're gonna say,
[00:05:42.197]"I saw this bug in my house
[00:05:43.397]"and I really don't want it there.
[00:05:44.777]"What do I do in order to get rid of it?
[00:05:47.437]"What are you gonna do for me to get rid of it?"
[00:05:50.040]This is one of those situations
[00:05:51.410]that's really hard to quantify,
[00:05:52.980]because it's gonna be really in the eye of the beholder.
[00:05:55.860]This is not something that we have a lot of strong data on.
[00:05:58.310]We just know that people feel negatively
[00:06:00.740]about insects in most cases,
[00:06:02.620]and so they're gonna want to do some pest control.
[00:06:05.160]The problem with this is that a lot of recent research
[00:06:07.950]is showing that our homes, they're just,
[00:06:10.090]they're abodes for these arthropods
[00:06:11.647]and these insects in particular as well.
[00:06:13.527]There was a paper that came out of North Carolina State.
[00:06:16.600]It showed that a human dwelling typically has around
[00:06:19.020]100 species of arthropods in it.
[00:06:21.790]So people, their expectations of never having bugs
[00:06:24.780]in their house, that's a hard one for you
[00:06:27.100]to have to work with, of course,
[00:06:28.300]because you can't get rid of all these things.
[00:06:30.620]These things are just around, they're gonna live in there,
[00:06:32.990]and you might have to counsel them on, you know,
[00:06:35.300]you've gotta house, unless you want everything to be dead
[00:06:37.950]and it to be a crypt, you're still
[00:06:39.990]gonna find these arthropods in there,
[00:06:41.550]you're still gonna have to deal with them.
[00:06:43.160]So flies, spiders, beetles, all these different things
[00:06:45.840]are in there, and they're just gonna have to adjust
[00:06:48.370]their expectations in some cases.
[00:06:50.480]For some of these, they are pests, right?
[00:06:52.210]We have to get rid of them, 'cause they're causing damage,
[00:06:54.610]as we've been discussing with
[00:06:55.650]all these different categories.
[00:06:57.260]Others, they may go their whole life without ever meeting
[00:06:59.943]some of these different organisms.
[00:07:02.040]So dealing with ants, dealing with cockroaches and termites,
[00:07:04.630]these are serious issues for homeowners.
[00:07:06.640]I hope you will help them with those kinds of problems,
[00:07:09.070]but maybe talking to them about, well,
[00:07:11.120]there's just one spider in your house,
[00:07:12.600]that doesn't mean that you need to release
[00:07:14.210]a nuclear bomb in here and clear everybody out.
[00:07:17.440]The reason that this happens is that our homes
[00:07:20.080]are really attractive to arthropods.
[00:07:22.360]They provide all of the needed elements of life.
[00:07:25.880]We provide a lot of food, we provide a lot of water,
[00:07:28.590]we provide a lot of shelter,
[00:07:29.740]and we give them breeding grounds.
[00:07:31.470]These are all in abundance in a home.
[00:07:33.030]We can't change the level of these, in some cases,
[00:07:36.750]and that's influencing what we call the carrying capacity.
[00:07:40.200]The carrying capacity of any given area,
[00:07:42.330]this is a biological science term that pretty much says
[00:07:44.825]a set number of any given species
[00:07:47.228]can survive in this one defined area.
[00:07:50.480]So here, there's a defined number of fish
[00:07:52.370]that can survive in this fish bowl.
[00:07:54.510]There is a carrying capacity
[00:07:55.950]for pigeons in Downtown Lincoln.
[00:07:58.120]There's a carrying capacity for gazelles at the Omaha Zoo.
[00:08:02.070]They are, that's that number that, the maximum number,
[00:08:04.560]that they can be at, and all environments have this
[00:08:07.300]for specific species, and luckily,
[00:08:09.160]we can influence this in the home.
[00:08:11.440]We can manipulate the amount of resources that are present,
[00:08:15.000]and this is gonna be one of those foundational elements
[00:08:17.120]of integrated pest management
[00:08:19.070]that we're gonna talk about today.
[00:08:20.120]So thinking about things like removing food
[00:08:22.540]by reducing trash or taking the trash out
[00:08:25.260]on a more regular basis or cleaning dishes more thoroughly.
[00:08:28.930]You can minimize water resources by fixing leaks
[00:08:31.464]in the home, either in the roof or under the sink.
[00:08:34.370]Shelter and breeding grounds,
[00:08:35.910]this is eliminated by decluttering,
[00:08:38.000]helping people to eliminate boxes that are in their home,
[00:08:40.790]cleaning up the basement, moving boxes away from the wall.
[00:08:44.120]All of that can help to reduce that carrying capacity,
[00:08:47.200]meaning that fewer pests are gonna be able to survive there.
[00:08:50.290]So in order to accomplish this, we're going to use
[00:08:52.750]that integrated pest management, or IPM, type approach.
[00:08:55.740]This is chapter two in your book, if you have that
[00:08:58.410]with you at your recertification class here.
[00:09:00.650]I'm gonna start with the objectives of IPM.
[00:09:03.250]IPM has three main objectives that we'll discuss today.
[00:09:05.710]The first one is reducing damage that we sustain from pests.
[00:09:09.550]Pests have been around for a long time,
[00:09:11.230]they've been causing issues for us for thousands of years,
[00:09:14.020]and IPM, of course, is first and foremost focused
[00:09:16.580]on getting rid of that problem that they cause,
[00:09:19.270]whether it's consuming our food, harming our body,
[00:09:22.150]annoying people in the house, we want to reduce that damage.
[00:09:25.886]We also want to prevent disease transmission
[00:09:28.610]from people, or from pests to people.
[00:09:30.930]We don't want these animals around
[00:09:32.980]spreading disease-causing agents or vectoring them,
[00:09:36.110]and so we're trying to manage that as well with IPM,
[00:09:38.830]but one of the big ones with IPM is that
[00:09:40.380]we're minimizing risk to us, not only from the pests
[00:09:43.630]but from our pest management strategies.
[00:09:45.630]I'm in Extension and so I talk to lots of people every day,
[00:09:48.910]and I have some real horror stories of what people
[00:09:51.240]have done to try and get rid of pests in their home.
[00:09:54.260]I can't tell you how many people have thought
[00:09:56.210]it's a great idea to pour diesel fuel around in my bedroom,
[00:10:00.180]I'm gonna treat my bathtub with the garden insecticide seven
[00:10:03.990]and then take a bath in it afterwards,
[00:10:05.900]or they're treating their bodies with Raid.
[00:10:08.180]These tactics are very hazardous.
[00:10:10.160]Sometimes a pound of medicine is almost as bad
[00:10:12.915]as the cure, I think is one of the phrases that we use,
[00:10:16.110]and so we want to minimize that,
[00:10:17.700]especially when you're dealing with sensitive situations
[00:10:20.070]like a kitchen, if people are just going around willy nilly
[00:10:22.830]spraying insecticides or other pesticides,
[00:10:25.639]then you're gonna cause issues where
[00:10:27.480]you're contaminating food, poisoning people,
[00:10:29.790]poisoning workers, and so IPM is gonna look at other tactics
[00:10:33.282]to try and manage that risk and minimize it.
[00:10:36.781]So IPM, it's gonna remove those pest problems,
[00:10:40.310]but it's gonna do it in a variety of ways.
[00:10:42.740]That's not to say that it doesn't include insecticides.
[00:10:45.130]When I talk to people about IPM, a lot of times,
[00:10:47.910]they get it confused with an organic approach.
[00:10:50.590]With an organic approach,
[00:10:51.610]you can't use any synthetic product.
[00:10:53.598]That's not what IPM is.
[00:10:55.670]It still includes our synthetic insecticides.
[00:10:58.410]It's just a little different from
[00:10:59.720]our traditional kind of spray-'em-all
[00:11:01.740]and let God sort it out Clint Eastwood approach
[00:11:03.960]that we might have with an insecticide,
[00:11:06.150]that heavy insecticide use.
[00:11:08.090]So IPM still includes insecticides and other pesticides.
[00:11:11.358]It's wedged in the middle here.
[00:11:12.980]It is between organic and the traditional approach.
[00:11:16.320]It's a more judicious use of our tools
[00:11:18.730]that we have in our tool belt.
[00:11:20.480]Some of the things that you're gonna do
[00:11:21.760]to be able to use them more judiciously
[00:11:23.621]are things like inspection and monitoring,
[00:11:26.400]going around and inspecting for
[00:11:28.060]and removing favorable conditions within the business
[00:11:30.890]or within the home to try and minimize
[00:11:32.890]the attraction of pests or to find where they are.
[00:11:35.660]This helps your client to minimize
[00:11:37.209]those numbers of pests that can be in there,
[00:11:39.700]and it's gonna make that business
[00:11:41.040]feel a little more successful
[00:11:42.320]because they're getting rid of some of those bugs.
[00:11:43.990]So looking around underneath places,
[00:11:46.077]this is something that can be kinda dirty.
[00:11:48.950]You're gonna be looking for symptoms of the pest,
[00:11:51.600]presence of their life needs, routes of access.
[00:11:53.917]So you're gonna be looking in deep down, dark,
[00:11:56.870]out-of-the-way places sometimes.
[00:11:58.700]You may even be up under buildings.
[00:12:00.750]So you want some protective gear,
[00:12:02.670]some trashy clothes that maybe you don't care about as much,
[00:12:05.610]you don't wanna wear your nicest tuxedo
[00:12:07.255]when you're out in the field, maybe get some protective wear
[00:12:10.340]to keep from breathing in things.
[00:12:12.240]You have to think like a pest.
[00:12:13.910]You have to go where the pest is going to be.
[00:12:16.860]So look behind things, look in the cracks and crevices
[00:12:19.860]of the building, look on plumbing lines
[00:12:21.990]if they're accessible, get a rotoscope
[00:12:24.080]and look down in those areas.
[00:12:25.540]You have to check during the day and sometimes at night.
[00:12:28.170]Many of our pests tend to be nocturnal,
[00:12:30.420]and so we have to keep that biology in mind
[00:12:32.536]when we're conducting our inspection.
[00:12:35.280]I would also highly encourage you to take notes
[00:12:37.529]while you're doing this and to make diagrams.
[00:12:39.811]You should always draw up what the building looks like,
[00:12:42.600]just a basic schematic of the exterior,
[00:12:45.200]maybe some of the rooms that are in there as well,
[00:12:47.480]and this will help you to determine
[00:12:48.830]your control plan as well.
[00:12:50.050]If you can remember where the pests are,
[00:12:52.090]you deal with lots of clients every day,
[00:12:53.780]this is just gonna help facilitate your memory
[00:12:56.320]about what you're dealing with,
[00:12:57.830]and it's something that you can provide to the customer.
[00:13:00.400]You can put it in the packet that you leave with them
[00:13:02.690]when you leave that property every time,
[00:13:04.930]and you can keep it as part of even the receipts.
[00:13:06.934]So this is also gonna include some tips on prevention.
[00:13:09.680]You can say, "Hey, I noticed there was a hole over by
[00:13:12.617]"this window, if you seal that up,
[00:13:14.547]"maybe we will be dealing with fewer pests
[00:13:16.577]"and I can save you some money in the future."
[00:13:19.290]You can also monitor for pests
[00:13:20.950]which will tell you what pests and where they are,
[00:13:23.890]what size of the population is,
[00:13:25.520]using tools like we see here.
[00:13:26.890]So manual sampling, that's one possible option,
[00:13:30.087]just as I was describing,
[00:13:31.970]going out and looking for that activity.
[00:13:34.030]You can do trapping.
[00:13:35.420]Trapping can be the snap traps, it can be live traps,
[00:13:38.450]it can be glue boards, it can be a pheromone trap.
[00:13:41.548]You can assess activity evidence.
[00:13:44.270]You can look at damage that's on a box of rice.
[00:13:47.060]You can look for frass that's in a bag of flour
[00:13:50.940]or webbing across the top of it.
[00:13:52.665]And you can also do census baiting,
[00:13:54.750]putting that bait out and then monitoring
[00:13:56.510]and seeing how many numbers of insects come to it.
[00:13:59.120]That might be something you look at
[00:14:00.300]for cockroaches in particular.
[00:14:02.630]Again, refer to chapter two in your book
[00:14:04.630]if you wish to learn more about
[00:14:05.880]some of these monitoring tactics.
[00:14:08.150]After that, once you've caught the pest,
[00:14:09.810]once you've looked the pest, we have to figure out
[00:14:11.600]what it is that you're dealing with.
[00:14:13.020]Sometimes it's pretty simple, right?
[00:14:14.530]You look at something, you have a pretty good idea
[00:14:16.780]of what it is that you're dealing with.
[00:14:18.540]It's something that you've dealt with before.
[00:14:20.490]If you ever have any questions though,
[00:14:22.210]we are here as Nebraska Extension.
[00:14:24.480]In order to help you identify those pests,
[00:14:26.350]you can bring it to your local office.
[00:14:28.167]Even if they don't have somebody on staff
[00:14:30.390]that's an expert in pests, they can take a picture
[00:14:32.988]and route it to somebody that is
[00:14:35.031]through our digital diagnostic network.
[00:14:37.810]The reason that we want to do this
[00:14:39.470]is that knowing your enemy helps you best figure out
[00:14:42.070]how to triumph over that enemy.
[00:14:43.910]That's part of the art of war,
[00:14:45.380]and so that's what we're gonna try
[00:14:46.490]and help you do when we identify these pests.
[00:14:49.360]After you know what it is,
[00:14:50.970]you'll want to determine a threshold level.
[00:14:53.100]This is the point in the population
[00:14:55.030]at which some sort of action needs to be taken,
[00:14:58.220]and this action level, this threshold level,
[00:15:00.810]is going to be different depending
[00:15:02.650]on which pests we're talking about.
[00:15:04.670]So one example here, a green bottle fly,
[00:15:06.870]one of them buzzing around in the home,
[00:15:09.070]smacking you in the face while you're trying
[00:15:10.670]to watch Netflix, that's annoying,
[00:15:12.710]but usually it's not enough for you to initiate
[00:15:15.490]some sort of ultimate omega control strategy,
[00:15:19.190]but if there's 500, 5000, 500,000 flies in the home
[00:15:23.310]or business, that's a different story.
[00:15:25.080]At that point, we have to do some monitoring,
[00:15:27.410]we have to do some inspecting,
[00:15:29.050]we have to figure out why they're there,
[00:15:30.830]and then we take some steps to eliminate that population
[00:15:33.970]and make sure this doesn't happen again.
[00:15:36.350]For other pests or for certain clients,
[00:15:38.240]one is going to be enough.
[00:15:40.710]If they see one mouse, one rat, one cockroach,
[00:15:45.090]one bedbug, that is going to be enough for them
[00:15:47.880]to want to take some sort of action,
[00:15:49.800]and it's hard to say that they're wrong with that.
[00:15:51.980]It's their home, they get to decide who's in there.
[00:15:54.230]It's their business, they get to decide who's in there.
[00:15:56.690]They don't want a bad Yelp review or anything like that.
[00:15:59.470]So if you're seeing one of these pests sometimes,
[00:16:01.740]that's enough for somebody to initiate trapping
[00:16:04.012]or to initiate a chemical control strategy.
[00:16:07.740]You should work with your client to make a management plan.
[00:16:10.970]This will consider not only the health of the client
[00:16:13.430]but the property and the environment.
[00:16:15.680]You're going to give them some tips and tricks
[00:16:18.130]on how they can prevent the pests from coming back in,
[00:16:21.030]things like creating physical barriers to entry
[00:16:23.620]are really good, using that silicon caulking
[00:16:26.050]around windows, replacing screens.
[00:16:28.172]Ultimately, it will be your role to use
[00:16:31.010]these chemical measures, those counter-agents that
[00:16:33.090]are going to try and get rid of any pests that are present.
[00:16:36.970]Giving them those tips on housekeeping
[00:16:38.700]as well can be really essential.
[00:16:41.380]The care and management of the property
[00:16:43.090]is a foundational piece of IPM.
[00:16:45.426]It's not your job.
[00:16:46.720]I mean, if you want to offer these as services,
[00:16:49.140]that's something that you can do.
[00:16:50.690]I would not do them for free,
[00:16:52.010]that would not be what I would encourage you to do,
[00:16:54.120]but if you can teach the client about, hey,
[00:16:56.270]this surface is really dirty or there's a lot of water
[00:16:58.860]building up here, if we can get rid of that,
[00:17:01.200]the pests are gonna be less interested here.
[00:17:03.310]I can offer to do that.
[00:17:04.660]It's gonna be an additional $50 charge.
[00:17:06.930]They might say that's cool, go ahead and do it,
[00:17:09.560]otherwise, it's up to them, it's their responsibility
[00:17:12.350]to hire somebody else to do that
[00:17:14.120]or to take care of it themselves.
[00:17:16.630]There's other things that can be changed around a home
[00:17:19.820]or business though, not just that housekeeping part
[00:17:22.610]like on the inside where we're cleaning
[00:17:24.350]but things like landscape and building design
[00:17:26.620]can impact the success of a management plan
[00:17:29.450]and can impact your job.
[00:17:31.010]For example, vegetation that runs right up to a building,
[00:17:34.270]that provides a really easy access point for pests.
[00:17:37.570]Mites can crawl across those plants and get into the house,
[00:17:40.890]we can see insects that are just gonna crawl right through
[00:17:43.440]all of that and get to the home.
[00:17:45.110]It helps rodents to feel safe when they don't have
[00:17:47.440]to cross a bare strip like we see here,
[00:17:50.120]and so keeping that no man's land,
[00:17:51.860]that sort of three foot strip of no vegetation around
[00:17:55.190]a home or business, is gonna be
[00:17:56.840]a really good way of minimizing pests.
[00:17:58.950]There's also pests that come by businesses
[00:18:01.210]and houses because the lights have attracted them.
[00:18:03.630]Insects are very notorious for this.
[00:18:06.060]So if we're seeing a lot of flies, a lot of beetles,
[00:18:08.820]things like that invading a property,
[00:18:10.680]switching to the sodium vapor lights
[00:18:13.060]or an LED light outside or even just turning the lights off
[00:18:16.632]or turning them onto a security system
[00:18:19.440]so that they only come on when there's motion
[00:18:21.111]will help to reduce that pest attraction.
[00:18:24.130]There's also some exclusion tactics.
[00:18:25.990]We've already talked a little bit about caulking,
[00:18:28.090]but sealing up any entry points is very key.
[00:18:30.690]Some animals can squeeze themselves down
[00:18:32.530]to the size of a quarter and still get into a property.
[00:18:35.800]Cockroaches, they can go in under things
[00:18:37.890]that are about the thickness of a dime,
[00:18:39.530]they can squeeze their body down that much.
[00:18:42.260]So trying to seal up any of those entry points
[00:18:44.520]can be tough, but it is something that should be done.
[00:18:47.750]Sanitation, as we've talked about, is really important,
[00:18:50.470]keeping things clean, not leaving out dirty dishes
[00:18:52.820]in the sink all night, that's a food haven for cockroaches
[00:18:56.120]and other pests, making sure that trashcans are sealed,
[00:19:00.410]that there's a lid that fits on there,
[00:19:02.350]and that it's put back.
[00:19:03.700]If you teach them about the lid, sometimes what you'll see,
[00:19:06.080]I had this in my office is I said okay,
[00:19:08.020]we're gonna get this trashcan, it's gonna have a nice,
[00:19:10.180]tight-fitting lid, and we'll see fewer flies in the office,
[00:19:13.374]and everybody was like cool, good job, Jonathan,
[00:19:14.760]I'm proud of you, and we put that trashcan out,
[00:19:17.093]and we still had all these flies,
[00:19:19.000]and everybody was complaining,
[00:19:20.040]and it turned out that nobody was putting the lid back on,
[00:19:22.950]they were leaving it just slightly to the side
[00:19:25.190]and all the flies were still thriving.
[00:19:27.260]So it has to be going back on the top.
[00:19:29.280]You may have to teach them about that as well,
[00:19:31.680]and the trash should be emptied regularly.
[00:19:34.560]Once this management plan has been implemented,
[00:19:36.840]all of those different tactics have been tried,
[00:19:39.010]you should work with the client to do another inspection,
[00:19:41.740]a followup protocol, and evaluate the results.
[00:19:44.530]Hopefully you've been successful, the pests are gone.
[00:19:47.530]If you haven't, go through all of the steps
[00:19:49.870]that you recommended to them and say,
[00:19:51.307]"Did you do all of these?"
[00:19:52.920]If they didn't, maybe they can go back
[00:19:54.860]and seal something up or start a new sanitation program,
[00:19:58.520]or maybe you'll have to try a new bait or a new spray
[00:20:01.370]if that was something that was on your end,
[00:20:03.540]but this will help to make your client happy
[00:20:05.290]and feel like you are listening to them
[00:20:07.350]and communicating with them.
[00:20:08.611](upbeat music)
[00:20:20.740]Hi, my name's Jody Green.
[00:20:22.350]I'm with the Pesticide Safety Education Program,
[00:20:24.145]and I'm gonna talk to you today about pesticide resistance.
[00:20:27.249]Pesticide resistance can be defined
[00:20:29.250]as the inheritable change in sensitivity
[00:20:31.190]of a pest population to a particular pesticide,
[00:20:33.820]which results in control failure,
[00:20:35.570]and this occurs when control has been able to be attained
[00:20:39.110]in the past with that same pesticide,
[00:20:41.190]and so in a sense, we create these super bugs.
[00:20:45.063]However, there are other reasons
[00:20:47.990]why pest management efforts fail
[00:20:49.650]and why chemical treatments don't always work,
[00:20:51.680]and this cannot always be blamed on pesticide resistance.
[00:20:54.640]For instance, misidentification of a pest,
[00:20:58.027]improper pesticide application, misuse,
[00:21:01.070]maybe you didn't find and locate the proper harborage,
[00:21:04.004]the choice of pesticide, maybe too low of a dose
[00:21:08.030]or the formulation, and also,
[00:21:09.880]we have to remember IPM programs.
[00:21:11.870]So if a sanitation or exclusion efforts are not put
[00:21:15.400]into that, pests can always re-infest or reenter.
[00:21:20.440]So how does resistance occur?
[00:21:22.650]Well, it happens through natural selection
[00:21:25.050]which can occur, as it says, naturally.
[00:21:28.080]So there's a genetic diversity within
[00:21:30.130]a pest species population, and sometimes mutations occur.
[00:21:34.325]These mutations can help adapt an insect
[00:21:38.660]or an organism to the environment,
[00:21:40.150]which makes them better able to survive
[00:21:41.762]and still reproduce to have that kind of super trait.
[00:21:46.545]With insects, this can happen pretty fast,
[00:21:49.600]because their populations are really large
[00:21:52.166]and their life cycles are pretty fast.
[00:21:55.490]So let's look at this in kind of a graphic.
[00:21:58.123]Let's say we have a kitchen and we find
[00:22:01.430]that there are cockroaches living there,
[00:22:03.120]and over time, these cockroaches reproduce.
[00:22:05.710]Someone comes in and we spray an insecticide,
[00:22:08.540]nothing specific, just an insecticide.
[00:22:10.790]Let's call it pesticide A.
[00:22:12.230]And what happens is that over time,
[00:22:15.160]not all of the species, or not all of the cockroaches
[00:22:19.600]in that area will die, so the ones
[00:22:24.320]that are left over kind of are the super bugs.
[00:22:28.790]They will reproduce and create other super bugs,
[00:22:32.322]along with some of the ones that
[00:22:34.680]may be susceptible to the pesticide.
[00:22:36.900]So when the customer sees that this outbreak
[00:22:40.340]has occurred again, the pest control technician comes in
[00:22:43.670]and they spray the same pesticide A,
[00:22:46.180]and what happens is the susceptible roaches will die
[00:22:49.680]but the super ones, or the resistant cockroaches,
[00:22:53.150]will continue to survive, and over time,
[00:22:55.664]what you'll be left with is resistant cockroaches,
[00:22:59.240]and so when you come in and spray that same pesticide,
[00:23:02.006]it will not have any effect, and so that's kind of
[00:23:05.100]a basic way of how resistance occurs.
[00:23:07.823]There are four main mechanisms of resistance,
[00:23:10.930]how this happens and how it can develop over time.
[00:23:13.930]So the first is penetration resistance,
[00:23:16.450]and these are simplified graphics that I put together,
[00:23:19.526]but it's kind of like the cockroach having a shield.
[00:23:22.940]So what happens is the cuticle will develop a barrier,
[00:23:26.680]so the pesticide will not be able
[00:23:28.090]to penetrate the exoskeleton.
[00:23:30.443]The second form is metabolic resistance,
[00:23:33.310]where the pesticide can penetrate the cuticle,
[00:23:37.700]however something occurs within the insect
[00:23:41.300]that makes the pesticide go from a toxic chemical
[00:23:44.410]to something that's detoxificated
[00:23:45.862]and has no effect on the insect anymore.
[00:23:50.086]The third is target site insensitivity,
[00:23:53.150]and so this occurs in a different way.
[00:23:57.070]So the chemical is being penetrating into the exoskeleton,
[00:24:01.940]it's not being detoxified, but something about the site
[00:24:05.720]where the pesticide is normally active,
[00:24:10.294]it doesn't bind or could be a modification
[00:24:13.510]of that binding site, so it reduces the effects
[00:24:16.380]of the pesticide, needing a higher dose and creating
[00:24:20.650]a higher tolerance, I guess, for that, those pests.
[00:24:26.422]The last is behavioral resistance,
[00:24:28.540]and so that is when an insect modifies its behaviors.
[00:24:32.820]Maybe it can detect the pesticide there,
[00:24:35.890]or maybe it's just adverse, it doesn't like that it's there.
[00:24:38.600]So it will alter its behavior, its feeding,
[00:24:41.590]maybe it won't feed there at all,
[00:24:43.220]and it just ceases to be as active.
[00:24:45.580]So in this picture, you can see,
[00:24:47.000]it's just hiding from the spray.
[00:24:48.440]It knows where to detect it, and it just won't treat,
[00:24:50.740]will not go to that treated surface.
[00:24:54.630]Some factors in resistance development
[00:24:56.907]are frequent and the frequency of the pesticide application,
[00:25:02.370]so it could be overuse or misuse,
[00:25:04.507]and also the diversity of pesticide products.
[00:25:07.270]So if you use the same chemical family
[00:25:09.140]or chemical classification repeatedly,
[00:25:11.580]that will contribute to resistance,
[00:25:13.760]and also the similar mode of action,
[00:25:15.500]so you want to mix that up a little bit,
[00:25:17.250]and this occurs if you keep using the same types
[00:25:21.130]of chemicals that act on the same mode of action.
[00:25:23.560]You can develop cross-resistance,
[00:25:24.897]and that occurs when a pest will be resistant
[00:25:28.450]to a chemical that it's never even been exposed to
[00:25:30.670]just because that chemical that you're using
[00:25:33.540]has been the family or class has been used before.
[00:25:37.320]And in other instances, multiple resistance can occur
[00:25:41.300]where it occurs with multiple mechanisms of resistance.
[00:25:48.020]So resistance management, it's a program that you can
[00:25:51.610]put together to attempt to prevent or delay
[00:25:53.980]the development of resistance in a population.
[00:25:56.150]So in an effect you want to just maintain
[00:25:59.280]the longevity of that pesticide efficacy.
[00:26:01.770]So some of those things you can do is definitely
[00:26:03.766]use an IPM program and incorporate a variety of methods.
[00:26:07.520]You wanna use pesticide only when the economical thresholds
[00:26:11.170]are reached, so that should be measured out ahead of time.
[00:26:14.960]As soon as you see a cockroach,
[00:26:17.070]you don't just necessarily spray, or any type of insect.
[00:26:19.901]You wanna be able to rotate and use pesticides effectively,
[00:26:23.840]so you wanna use different chemical classes,
[00:26:25.740]different formulations, and different things
[00:26:28.630]so that you're not always using the same pesticide
[00:26:31.540]so that the resistance can occur.
[00:26:33.370]And lastly, you wanna apply pesticides at the proper rate.
[00:26:37.170]So you wanna read the label and you want to make sure
[00:26:40.290]your machines and your equipment is calibrated.
[00:26:43.126](upbeat music)
[00:26:55.260]Now we're gonna talk about application equipment
[00:26:57.640]for insecticides.
[00:26:58.801]First, we'll talk about the compressed air sprayer,
[00:27:01.820]which most of us should be familiar with.
[00:27:05.330]We use these when we've got a volume between one gallon
[00:27:09.200]and two gallons, and they're used
[00:27:10.740]to spray residual products, so usually a general, spot,
[00:27:13.820]or crack and crevice treatment.
[00:27:16.190]For bigger volumes or larger surfaces
[00:27:18.610]such as outdoor treatments, exterior perimeters,
[00:27:22.646]or surfaces on the structure,
[00:27:25.610]we could also use a backpack sprayer.
[00:27:27.500]So, as implied, it goes on your back,
[00:27:29.800]it's got a larger volume, up to five gallons,
[00:27:32.270]and it can have greater pressures, or pressures.
[00:27:36.022]So it can be better for bigger and larger jobs.
[00:27:41.099]How it works is that the compressed air
[00:27:43.960]forces out the chemical.
[00:27:45.720]So in like the one gallon sprayers,
[00:27:49.260]you use the plunger and you force air into the container.
[00:27:54.420]So you squeeze the trigger, and it opens up the valve,
[00:27:57.415]and the pesticide is released out the nozzle,
[00:27:59.800]and you can have different types of nozzles
[00:28:01.641]that can be interchangeable.
[00:28:04.060]So the best way to fill up a compressed air sprayer
[00:28:06.880]is to fill it 75% of the way with water,
[00:28:09.840]then add your concentrate, add the rest of the water,
[00:28:12.742]close it up, and shake it up
[00:28:16.081]before you end up compressing the air for it.
[00:28:21.641]So the pressure does matter.
[00:28:23.520]You're gonna be able to use low pressure
[00:28:26.230]or high pressure depending on your job,
[00:28:28.081]the job that has to be done, the nozzle type,
[00:28:31.090]and the type of treatment.
[00:28:32.410]So we did talk about crack and crevice treatments.
[00:28:35.610]You will not want to use a lower pressure for that
[00:28:37.980]since you're really targeting a small area,
[00:28:40.350]and you could use a pin stream for that.
[00:28:42.690]Some of the, I guess, advantages for that
[00:28:45.860]is that you have large droplets so you can put it into
[00:28:49.170]the crack best, however, coarser droplets can stain surfaces
[00:28:54.690]and not have adequate coverage
[00:28:57.300]if you're not using it in the right location.
[00:28:59.120]When it comes to higher pressures,
[00:29:00.440]you would wanna use that for a fan stream,
[00:29:02.540]a general surface treatment.
[00:29:04.898]It can create finer drops, which would be great
[00:29:07.810]to be able to cover the area sufficiently,
[00:29:10.300]however, you've gotta be aware that drift can occur.
[00:29:14.480]So some of the precautions used
[00:29:16.140]with a compressed air sprayer is that
[00:29:17.650]you never wanna leave it under pressure.
[00:29:19.650]So you want to turn it a little bit to the left
[00:29:21.960]and release some of the air really slowly,
[00:29:23.877]or sometimes there's a valve you can press
[00:29:27.210]and it will release the pressure.
[00:29:30.030]If you don't release the pressure,
[00:29:30.960]it could be very dangerous.
[00:29:32.490]Pesticide could always splash back
[00:29:34.010]in your face and in your eyes.
[00:29:36.160]You don't want that to happen.
[00:29:37.100]You don't ever wanna leave your sprayer unattended.
[00:29:39.740]So make sure that's locked in a vehicle
[00:29:41.290]when you're not using it.
[00:29:42.970]Some things that you also wanna be aware of
[00:29:46.870]is not to use water-based sprays in electrical outlets,
[00:29:49.955]oil-based sprays near open flames or floor, tiled floor,
[00:29:55.730]and never treat a freshly painted surfaces,
[00:29:58.260]and that's just for your own safety
[00:30:00.080]and for aesthetic purposes.
[00:30:02.395]And lastly, you don't wanna wet the surface to runoff.
[00:30:04.693]If you've got pesticide runoff anywhere,
[00:30:06.975]you know, that can contaminate the environment
[00:30:09.660]or anywhere that you're around.
[00:30:11.110]You don't wanna have any upset customers.
[00:30:14.520]Maintenance of a compressed air sprayer,
[00:30:16.496]the biggest thing is that you want to maintain
[00:30:21.670]that longevity of that sprayer,
[00:30:22.920]because that's what you're gonna use
[00:30:24.770]for a lot of your chemical treatments.
[00:30:27.260]You want to use soft bristles and solvents
[00:30:30.270]or compressed air to clean out any of the strainers there.
[00:30:34.096]You don't wanna use anything metal.
[00:30:36.340]You just wanna make sure you take care of your sprayer.
[00:30:39.860]So we're gonna move on to dusters,
[00:30:41.630]and so dusters are a type of equipment used to apply dust.
[00:30:45.470]So dusts are powdered formulations of insecticide,
[00:30:49.170]and they are usually to control crawling insects
[00:30:52.550]and also bees and wasps, 'cause they hide in cavities
[00:30:56.940]and make their nests in voids and cracks,
[00:30:58.510]and so anything that is going to be kind of out of the way,
[00:31:02.450]you don't want it, you kinda wanna leave it somewhere,
[00:31:05.160]so you want it to be undisturbed.
[00:31:07.320]Application should be in a thin, barely visible layer,
[00:31:10.030]and so these items here, these are called hand dusters.
[00:31:13.890]So it's gonna be you use 'em with your hands,
[00:31:16.840]you put the dust in them, and you kinda like squeeze it
[00:31:20.510]and they poofs the air, the dust into these voids.
[00:31:24.556]So some key points to hand duster use,
[00:31:27.550]and these ones here, they have like some extensions on them
[00:31:30.160]so you can get around objects.
[00:31:32.450]You don't wanna overfill your duster with dust.
[00:31:36.830]You wanna make sure there's enough room for air
[00:31:38.630]to be able to shake and squeeze,
[00:31:41.030]and you wanna agitate that dust.
[00:31:42.670]You always wanna keep it like light and fluffy.
[00:31:44.610]So sometimes you can put ball bearings in there
[00:31:46.530]or pieces of gravel.
[00:31:48.421]You wanna use caution around electrical areas,
[00:31:51.940]you wanna keep that dust dry,
[00:31:53.510]you wanna keep it warm when you're storing it,
[00:31:56.320]and you want to unclog it with a stiff wire
[00:31:59.557]if any clogging occurs in the metal tube right there,
[00:32:07.210]and also you wanna prevent drift.
[00:32:08.700]So you want to make sure doors and windows are closed,
[00:32:10.750]ventilation systems are shutdown, no fans or anything.
[00:32:13.380]You don't want that stuff blowing everywhere,
[00:32:14.840]you want it to be in a controlled area that is calm.
[00:32:20.450]So, and it could be a messy operation.
[00:32:22.210]A lot of times, we do this kind of blindly in a void,
[00:32:24.820]so we don't know how much we're actually puffing in there,
[00:32:27.740]but we wanna make sure it's not caking,
[00:32:30.070]and we wanna make sure we're following the label.
[00:32:33.077]It can be a one hand or two hand operation
[00:32:35.350]depending on what your equipment is,
[00:32:37.130]and one thing to note is you always want the spout
[00:32:40.740]to be higher than the level of dust.
[00:32:42.920]So a lot of times, people will have the bellows duster
[00:32:45.010]upside down with the holes on the bottom,
[00:32:46.560]you want that at the top.
[00:32:48.410]There are extension handles that I said, mentioned earlier,
[00:32:51.040]and other types of dusters, there's a plunger duster
[00:32:53.520]and there's a foot pump duster.
[00:32:55.234]When you have really large jobs, a power duster might come
[00:32:59.170]in handy, and if you've got that kind of equipment,
[00:33:02.230]these are used, battery powered ones,
[00:33:05.180]and they also have electric powered ones.
[00:33:06.940]Some of them can apply up to 10 pounds of dust pretty evenly
[00:33:10.037]using compressed air, and so areas that would be great
[00:33:14.350]to treat that way would be attics, crawlspaces,
[00:33:16.880]pipe chases, anywhere that you've got a large area.
[00:33:20.421]Now we'll move on to pressurized cans.
[00:33:22.850]A lot of times we'll think of aerosol cans.
[00:33:24.741]These cans are ready to use, they're about,
[00:33:27.797]they could be smaller or larger, about 30 ounces.
[00:33:33.419]The pressures that we use are between 20 and 80 psi,
[00:33:37.099]and they use gas propellants as well.
[00:33:41.000]A lot of these containers, when we're using them
[00:33:43.150]for a crack and crevice treatment or small areas,
[00:33:45.380]they have a long flexible tube
[00:33:48.390]that can be attached to the nozzle.
[00:33:51.077]So that comes in really handy when you're treating.
[00:33:53.770]And so the aerosol cans, they work because
[00:33:58.415]they're pushed out with gas, so the pesticide goes
[00:34:02.100]through the nozzle, the nozzle is what makes
[00:34:04.330]the different sized droplets, the gas that's inside
[00:34:07.810]of that pesticide will evaporate
[00:34:10.020]and so it leaves just the pesticide floating in the air,
[00:34:12.260]and one thing with about aerosols,
[00:34:14.780]it's that we always talk about a hang time,
[00:34:16.840]so it's like a mist or droplets,
[00:34:18.810]they just kinda hang in the air,
[00:34:20.480]and this is great for flying, to control flying insects
[00:34:23.400]that are in an enclosed space as a contact spray,
[00:34:27.216]and this is different than a pressurized liquid
[00:34:30.820]which is not an aerosol.
[00:34:32.130]So what happens there is that the liquid does provide
[00:34:36.270]some type of residual, because it's not the gas
[00:34:39.259]that's evaporating with it, it's pushing it out.
[00:34:42.600]And so within aerosol cans, the propellant is usually butane
[00:34:48.670]or propane, which can be explosive.
[00:34:54.660]So I've got a little table here of advantages
[00:34:57.850]and disadvantages of using pressurized cans.
[00:35:00.477]The advantages is that it's convenient.
[00:35:03.080]It definitely reduces the risk of mixing
[00:35:06.030]and loading for the applicator.
[00:35:08.197]It's just a great tool to have, I guess,
[00:35:11.160]part of your IPM program and your toolkit.
[00:35:13.279]Less pesticide is needed.
[00:35:15.014]A disadvantage is that it's more expensive to use,
[00:35:18.610]and it is easy to over-apply in some places,
[00:35:22.640]and again, the propellants can be flammable,
[00:35:25.960]so you wanna be really careful
[00:35:27.250]on how you're storing these cans.
[00:35:30.650]So here's part of the label, and it will say the warning,
[00:35:35.890]and it's gotta be stored under temperatures
[00:35:38.240]below 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
[00:35:41.160]So always read the label.
[00:35:44.170]The last applicating machine we're gonna talk about
[00:35:48.560]is the ULD, which stands for ultra-low dosage.
[00:35:51.410]Sometimes we call it the ULV as well,
[00:35:53.560]so it's ultra-low volume.
[00:35:55.078]It's the same thing.
[00:35:56.140]A lot of times they're also called foggers.
[00:35:57.990]So if you want to apply, it's a liquid pesticides,
[00:36:01.390]that needs to be on the label.
[00:36:02.630]So it's very fine droplets, but these are the machines
[00:36:06.920]that will turn the liquid into this very fine mist
[00:36:11.120]with microns that could be between one and 30 microns.
[00:36:15.040]So regular conventional sprays are about 100 microns,
[00:36:18.939]aerosols are about 50 average microns,
[00:36:22.420]and so these will definitely have the lowest droplet sizes.
[00:36:26.354]So one of the things with ULD applicators though
[00:36:30.670]is that when you're spraying, the only areas that are gonna
[00:36:35.861]get any of the, I guess, the pesticide
[00:36:39.040]are gonna be in the direct line of where you're spraying
[00:36:41.390]or where the air currents are moving it.
[00:36:43.230]It's not gonna go like a fumigant.
[00:36:48.982]When you're fumigating, you're using a gas,
[00:36:51.137]and so it can go everywhere, and it will penetrate
[00:36:54.080]into voids and cracks and items and packaging.
[00:36:57.710]With the ULD and ULV, they will just kinda hit,
[00:37:01.350]go where they're being carried and then they'll fall.
[00:37:04.030]So it does cause some residual, but it's not gonna,
[00:37:09.399]you know, you've gotta be really strategic
[00:37:11.560]on where you're placing fans
[00:37:13.260]to blow that insecticide around.
[00:37:18.270]Some of the advantages to using
[00:37:20.190]a ULD machine is that some insects
[00:37:23.940]are just better controlled with smaller droplets,
[00:37:26.230]and so, you know, that's a good idea,
[00:37:28.950]and also, with these machines, it can cover a great area
[00:37:31.859]and space in a small amount of time.
[00:37:35.470]The disadvantages is that it does have a poor residual life.
[00:37:38.183]It can create a chemical slick.
[00:37:40.130]A lot of the products are oil-based,
[00:37:42.150]and so that residual can be kind of slippery
[00:37:45.680]and you'll wanna clean anything
[00:37:47.361]that you don't want pesticide on.
[00:37:50.070]More PPE is required because, again,
[00:37:52.270]you're breaking those particles up really small,
[00:37:55.084]and so you read the label and they will usually call
[00:38:00.170]for a respirator of some kind, so be aware of that.
[00:38:04.620]There's two different types of foggers,
[00:38:07.380]a cold fogger and a thermal fogger.
[00:38:10.120]They will, they differ in the types of particles,
[00:38:13.500]like the size of particles, so thermal foggers
[00:38:15.760]can break down the liquid into a really small particles,
[00:38:20.060]one to 10 microns, and the as thermal fogger,
[00:38:23.970]as it implies, it uses heat to break up those droplets
[00:38:29.280]and vaporize those, whereas in a cold fogger,
[00:38:32.080]a cold air blast will blow it through these spinning disks
[00:38:35.100]and so it mechanically separates them into small particles.
[00:38:38.340]Thermal foggers, it will take a longer time
[00:38:40.400]to treat that area, and there is
[00:38:41.710]a greater fire and explosion hazard,
[00:38:44.010]so that's something to be aware of as well.
[00:38:46.268](upbeat music)
[00:38:58.320]Now we're gonna talk about pesticide drift.
[00:39:01.009]There are a few ways that pesticide can move
[00:39:04.990]from the area where it is supposed to be.
[00:39:07.960]First is drift, and that is defined as airborne particles
[00:39:11.440]of pesticides moving outside the treatment area,
[00:39:13.760]and then there's overspray, which is not very good,
[00:39:16.250]because this is when pesticide
[00:39:17.410]is directly applied outside the target area.
[00:39:19.606]So you wanna treat here,
[00:39:21.665]but your pesticide's being found somewhere else.
[00:39:24.449]These are not good for a variety of reasons.
[00:39:28.470]Some of those are that it wastes our resources,
[00:39:30.920]and, as we know, those are expensive.
[00:39:32.960]This can contaminate surface water,
[00:39:34.664]it can damage non-target plants,
[00:39:37.124]it can harm people and their pets,
[00:39:39.310]and also, it creates illegal residues in the environment.
[00:39:43.846]There are two types of pesticide drift,
[00:39:46.330]and this is particle drift and vapor drift.
[00:39:48.790]So particle drift happens at the time
[00:39:50.890]of application, so immediately.
[00:39:52.769]So the droplets are carried off by air movement
[00:39:55.860]in that area, and it affects the vicinity
[00:39:58.865]of places very close to where you're treating,
[00:40:03.130]and that is different than vapor drift
[00:40:05.340]where this can occur up to several days later
[00:40:07.930]and pesticides that you've applied can be found miles away,
[00:40:12.380]and this is when pesticides volatilize
[00:40:14.508]and are carried offsite.
[00:40:18.770]There are many factors that affect drift.
[00:40:20.830]The first is droplet size, and so the most important
[00:40:25.010]thing to know is that the smaller the droplet,
[00:40:28.000]the more chance of drift, so increases drift.
[00:40:33.520]The wind speed is also important.
[00:40:35.425]The stronger the wind blows,
[00:40:37.530]the more your pesticide is going to move.
[00:40:42.510]The distance from the nozzle to the target,
[00:40:44.500]the greater that is, the more of a chance
[00:40:47.320]that pesticide can move, or blow, or leave that area,
[00:40:51.020]so you wanna try to keep your nozzle closest
[00:40:53.610]to the target area where you're treating.
[00:40:56.044]Temperature and humidity also affects drift.
[00:40:59.000]The higher the temperature and the lower
[00:41:00.640]the relative humidity, the more chance of volatilization
[00:41:03.880]of those particles and then the greater chances of drift.
[00:41:07.520]And lastly, if you're treating the soil,
[00:41:10.320]wet soil will also increase volatility
[00:41:12.660]which will also increase drift.
[00:41:14.210]But, by far, the most important thing is droplet size.
[00:41:18.030]So, a lot of times, we're trying to find the right droplet,
[00:41:21.745]droplet size, and this following slide will show you
[00:41:27.390]spray pressure, the nozzle type,
[00:41:29.700]the size of the nozzle opening,
[00:41:31.630]the angle of the nozzle, and the flow rate.
[00:41:34.340]So these are not independent of each other,
[00:41:37.950]they're used together to create this perfect sized droplet.
[00:41:41.985]So if you've got a low spray pressure,
[00:41:44.284]and a large nozzle opening, and a low flow rate,
[00:41:49.126]you can create larger droplets.
[00:41:51.800]These droplets are less likely to drift off your site.
[00:41:55.730]When you're talking about nozzle type,
[00:41:57.610]if you have a flood nozzle compared to a fan nozzle
[00:42:00.720]compared to a hollow cone, well, the fan nozzle
[00:42:04.260]is going to create smaller droplets than your flood nozzle.
[00:42:07.360]And then lastly, if you've got like high spray pressure,
[00:42:10.300]a hollow cone, and let's say a wider angle,
[00:42:13.440]this might create these smaller droplets,
[00:42:16.090]and again, what we talked about,
[00:42:17.380]the smaller droplets are more likely to drift.
[00:42:20.750]One of the things that you can use as an applicator
[00:42:27.120]is this website called Fieldwatch
[00:42:28.970]which we are promoting a lot to be able
[00:42:31.110]to communicate with growers in the area.
[00:42:33.804]So for a commercial applicator,
[00:42:36.828]I would encourage you to go to Fieldwatch
[00:42:39.960]and just check out the map and see if there are beehives,
[00:42:43.239]if there are sensitive farms or areas close by
[00:42:47.760]that, you know, you should be aware of.
[00:42:51.470]It's a good communicative tool, it's a free tool
[00:42:54.360]to be aware of drift and how our practices
[00:42:58.890]and other people's practices can affect one another.
[00:43:02.480]It's a good tool, go check it out.
[00:43:05.441]The most important thing to know
[00:43:07.340]is when not to spray though.
[00:43:09.120]You want to make sure you assess everything
[00:43:12.310]such as the site conditions, the wind speed,
[00:43:14.660]and the direction the wind's coming from.
[00:43:16.650]You wanna know what sensitive areas are downwind
[00:43:19.750]or even close by, and you wanna
[00:43:21.780]choose your pesticides wisely.
[00:43:24.710]So how will you minimize drift?
[00:43:26.620]Will you add an agent to make
[00:43:28.620]the droplets bigger or heavier?
[00:43:30.990]Will you lower the nozzle to where you're treating?
[00:43:34.646]And sometimes, the answer won't be very clear,
[00:43:37.990]and so you may not want to treat at all,
[00:43:40.720]and sometimes that's the best decision.
[00:43:42.903](upbeat music)
[00:43:55.020]So let's talk about one of the key pests
[00:43:56.730]that you're gonna fight in a structural category.
[00:43:59.050]You're gonna be dealing mainly with cockroaches.
[00:44:00.830]These are one of the top pests that we see out there.
[00:44:03.200]Cockroaches are amazing organisms.
[00:44:05.070]As an entomologist, I really appreciate them.
[00:44:07.500]I think that they're just a beautiful piece of machinery.
[00:44:10.110]They're able to eat almost anything
[00:44:11.820]and turn it into energy, and they all have sort of
[00:44:14.210]the same gestalt, the same shape and size as we see here.
[00:44:17.510]They're flat, typically kind of brown colored,
[00:44:20.190]and they have that nice, incomplete metamorphosis pattern
[00:44:23.040]where they start out as an ootheca,
[00:44:25.040]an egg case that we see down here,
[00:44:27.000]they go through their nymphal stages before
[00:44:28.840]they reach adulthood and, in many cases, get their wings.
[00:44:32.235]These insects can eat almost anything.
[00:44:34.550]They eat garbage, they love human food,
[00:44:36.950]they love plant material so they'll even eat house plants,
[00:44:39.820]we've seen them eat fabric, book bindings, cardboard,
[00:44:43.270]all kinds of cool stuff out there
[00:44:44.830]that they're gonna gobble up and turn into energy.
[00:44:47.950]Generally speaking, they like tight hiding places
[00:44:50.820]and generally high humidity.
[00:44:52.530]There's a reason we have the phrase snug as a bug in a rug.
[00:44:56.070]Most insects like to feel that they're nice and secure,
[00:44:59.040]cockroaches are no exception, and we provide a lot
[00:45:01.940]of habitat like that in our structures.
[00:45:03.760]We provide these tight spaces where
[00:45:05.560]they can squeeze in and feel nice and safe.
[00:45:08.860]We also, in many cases, have humidity in the home,
[00:45:12.330]and that's gonna be something that
[00:45:13.460]they can use as a water resource.
[00:45:15.570]They also love to travel along the edges of things,
[00:45:17.640]as you've probably experienced.
[00:45:18.810]You've seen them going along the edge of the room,
[00:45:21.010]traveling along plumbing, or using the backs of shelves
[00:45:24.130]to get from one area to the next.
[00:45:26.330]There's lots of different cockroaches out there.
[00:45:28.410]The main number one pest that we deal with in homes
[00:45:31.130]and businesses is the German cockroach.
[00:45:33.840]Fairly easy to identify, it's a half an inch long,
[00:45:36.487]they have these full length wings,
[00:45:38.560]a thick German accent is also a helpful trait
[00:45:41.530]that they have to identify them,
[00:45:43.110]and they have a dark brown 11 on the back,
[00:45:45.670]which we can kind of see on these two individuals here.
[00:45:48.570]So instead of any other coloration,
[00:45:50.180]they have those 11's right there on top of their thorax.
[00:45:53.568]These are typically found where food is handled.
[00:45:56.600]So they can be found under molding, under cabinets,
[00:45:59.590]under counters, they can be found inside of pantries
[00:46:02.780]and cabinets, they can also be under appliances
[00:46:05.850]and furniture like we see here with all of these roaches.
[00:46:08.850]So if you're dealing with these, check in those spots.
[00:46:11.560]This is their cousin, the brown banded cockroach.
[00:46:13.888]It is similar in size and shape to the German roach.
[00:46:17.120]It doesn't have that 11 on their back.
[00:46:18.920]Instead, they have, as a nymph in particular,
[00:46:21.310]they have this light tan colored equals sign on their back
[00:46:24.840]which turns into just one band
[00:46:26.810]in the adult stage that we see here.
[00:46:29.100]Brown banded roaches, they typically like it a little warmer
[00:46:32.200]around 80 degrees or more, and they require
[00:46:34.700]a little less moisture than some of the other cockroaches.
[00:46:37.880]I, personally, have not had a client
[00:46:39.510]that has dealt with brown banded cockroaches.
[00:46:41.260]Maybe you've had a little different experience.
[00:46:43.220]The only place that I've ever seen these out and about
[00:46:45.560]in the wild essentially was actually right here
[00:46:48.310]on the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Campus.
[00:46:50.750]They've escaped into the environment there,
[00:46:52.970]and they seem to travel along some of
[00:46:54.560]the different pipes there, but in other cases,
[00:46:56.690]we see them in ceilings, like dropdown ceilings,
[00:46:59.250]or behind picture frames, and especially inside
[00:47:02.030]of appliance, or TV, or electronic motors or slots
[00:47:06.160]in those different electronic devices.
[00:47:07.910]They get in there where it's nice and warm.
[00:47:10.640]This is the American roach.
[00:47:12.140]It's the largest cockroach that we deal with here
[00:47:14.410]in this part of the United States.
[00:47:16.100]It's about an inch and a half long.
[00:47:17.850]They do have full length, really thick,
[00:47:19.890]leathery wings on their back.
[00:47:21.720]Luckily, we don't see them fly here in Nebraska very much,
[00:47:24.550]but if you go to some of the southern states,
[00:47:26.480]they do buzz around lights, and we identify them
[00:47:29.290]with looking at their thorax, you'll see there's kind
[00:47:31.400]of a light brown-yellow colored M
[00:47:33.872]across the top of it there.
[00:47:35.740]I think it looks like the McDonald's logo
[00:47:38.040]and that's why we call it the American cockroach,
[00:47:40.440]but that's one of those identifying traits
[00:47:42.240]that we can use for this particular pest.
[00:47:44.830]They also like it warmer, around 80 degrees or more,
[00:47:47.730]but they tend to like more moisture
[00:47:49.370]than those brown banded cockroaches,
[00:47:50.960]and they love organic material.
[00:47:52.870]So the stories that I've heard of these are in storm sewers,
[00:47:55.900]heard of people dealing with them in floor drains
[00:47:57.810]as well as grease traps and in garbage collecting areas,
[00:48:01.340]so trashcans or dumpsters outside.
[00:48:04.650]Then we have the oriental cockroach.
[00:48:06.580]This one is about an inch long, it's kind of a dark brown,
[00:48:09.470]black color, very shiny in appearance.
[00:48:11.810]They have a lot of cuticular waxes, so they're very shiny.
[00:48:15.010]It looks like somebody's rubbed Crisco all over them.
[00:48:17.860]The male has this sort of 3/4 cut off wings on his back.
[00:48:21.410]The female, on the other hand, she has no wings whatsoever.
[00:48:24.570]She has reduced wing pads there on the end of her thorax.
[00:48:28.810]These cockroaches are a little different than the others.
[00:48:31.140]They like it dark, moist, and cool.
[00:48:33.594]So we see them outside a lot in piles of mulch,
[00:48:37.070]sometimes see them near storm drains
[00:48:39.035]or down spouts of gutters, and if they get inside,
[00:48:42.860]we often look for them in places like sewers,
[00:48:45.240]floor drains, crawlspaces are a good one,
[00:48:48.050]they also like bathrooms and basements.
[00:48:50.510]I always get an uptick of these around August, September,
[00:48:54.020]and October when they're starting to try and come in
[00:48:56.470]from the cold, from the fall weather,
[00:48:58.770]and they're trying to get into the house
[00:49:00.670]and outwait that winter.
[00:49:02.510]We've also got the wood cockroach.
[00:49:04.280]This is the Pennsylvania wood roach that we're looking here.
[00:49:06.920]The female is hard to identify because she looks
[00:49:09.420]a lot like an oriental cockroach.
[00:49:11.560]The male, on the other hand, up here,
[00:49:13.340]he has full length wings.
[00:49:14.820]He looks a little bit like a German roach
[00:49:17.120]and some other species.
[00:49:18.550]So they can be a confusing pest to deal with.
[00:49:20.816]It is an accidental invader,
[00:49:22.710]not likely to get established inside.
[00:49:25.540]We see them brought in on firewood
[00:49:27.550]or pallets into warehouses.
[00:49:29.275]They don't do well indoors.
[00:49:30.930]They need more moisture, it gets a little too dry inside,
[00:49:34.360]and so they usually perish, but they can infest places
[00:49:38.950]with wooden shingles, so if you've got a client with
[00:49:41.200]a shake shingle roof, then you're gonna see them
[00:49:43.600]maybe get established up there,
[00:49:44.790]just like we see with silverfish and all those other pests.
[00:49:48.250]If you're dealing with roach problems,
[00:49:49.770]one step to take first is going to be to interview
[00:49:52.100]the client and to prepare for the inspections
[00:49:54.570]so that you can be more targeted
[00:49:56.330]about where you're putting baits out
[00:49:57.980]and other application devices.
[00:50:00.350]You should bring a flashlight and a mirror,
[00:50:02.420]bring a screwdriver and a flushing agent
[00:50:04.720]to try and find where those roaches are hiding.
[00:50:06.820]This can just be a can of aerosol pyrethrin
[00:50:09.370]or even that canned air if you
[00:50:10.780]wanna spend a little less money.
[00:50:12.770]You may also have to consider some really extreme
[00:50:15.070]and cryptic hiding spots, looking in areas like we see here.
[00:50:18.050]This is a drawer in a cabinet that's been pulled out,
[00:50:20.690]and you can see those cockroaches are hiding
[00:50:22.890]where the drawer runs back and forth.
[00:50:25.000]These photographs are from Dennis Ferrara
[00:50:26.910]who used to have my job, and he used to be an applicator,
[00:50:29.870]and these are some roach problems he had dealt with.
[00:50:31.630]They've got him in a shelf bracket over there in the side,
[00:50:34.190]and then down here, we've got them in the bottom clam piece
[00:50:37.570]of a table leg that's on the underside of the table.
[00:50:40.160]So they're hiding out in this clam on top
[00:50:42.220]and then coming out at night and feeding
[00:50:44.020]and running back up there, and people are eating over
[00:50:46.300]the top of them during the day,
[00:50:47.500]which is a very exciting addition
[00:50:49.300]to the restaurant, I would argue.
[00:50:51.110]Then we have to talk about some of those IPM steps
[00:50:53.580]that we can use for roaches.
[00:50:55.560]So the first one is sanitation,
[00:50:57.550]reducing food and water resources
[00:50:59.590]that they can find, cleaning under things.
[00:51:02.270]Make sure that you tell your client, hey,
[00:51:03.700]if you haven't sanitized under the oven in a while
[00:51:06.840]or behind the refrigerator, if you've got stuff building up
[00:51:09.830]in floor drains, get rid of that, that is food that
[00:51:12.380]they're going to enjoy eating.
[00:51:13.830]Everything that you see in this image here
[00:51:15.520]that was under this appliance, that's food for a cockroach.
[00:51:18.370]So we gotta get rid of that.
[00:51:19.550]It's competing with our baits that we're putting out,
[00:51:21.810]it's a problem.
[00:51:22.930]You'll also wanna teach them about water resources.
[00:51:25.450]If they leave dishes in the sink all night
[00:51:27.180]with water in them, they're soaking the crock-pot overnight,
[00:51:30.120]that's a little pond for them to try
[00:51:32.000]and take a drink out of.
[00:51:33.260]If they've got a problem with a leak,
[00:51:35.030]if they have a floor drain that's filling
[00:51:36.700]with water and not draining properly,
[00:51:38.640]all of those can be used for water resources.
[00:51:41.840]You can also offer some non-chemical control.
[00:51:44.320]In certain situations a vacuum is going to be very powerful.
[00:51:47.616]You can remove huge amounts of cockroaches all at once.
[00:51:51.680]Highly encourage you, if you want to do this,
[00:51:53.630]to use a HEPA vacuum.
[00:51:55.520]HEPA vacuums help to cut down on allergens
[00:51:58.720]being put out into the air, and since we're talking
[00:52:01.170]about cockroaches and all those allergy and asthma problems
[00:52:03.950]associated with them, this would be the best way to go,
[00:52:06.677]but if you're dealing with an apartment situation
[00:52:09.090]with tons of roaches and you need to get rid of them quick,
[00:52:11.690]a vacuum is going to help you to do that.
[00:52:14.360]You can also offer traps.
[00:52:16.000]These traps would be placed along
[00:52:17.550]the normal travel lanes for roaches.
[00:52:19.350]You have observed them, no doubt,
[00:52:20.790]running along the edges of rooms.
[00:52:22.650]Put these glue board traps there.
[00:52:24.440]You're gonna catch them, you can do a census with this,
[00:52:26.970]or you can eliminate some of them if the client
[00:52:29.390]is very insistent that nothing is sprayed or applied.
[00:52:33.360]These traps, there's different amounts
[00:52:35.920]of success with different species.
[00:52:37.840]The orientals are the easiest to catch with them.
[00:52:40.260]The German cockroaches are the
[00:52:41.660]least successfully caught with traps.
[00:52:43.710]So just consider that when you're putting them out.
[00:52:46.560]Chemical control should always be done properly
[00:52:48.996]and according to the label.
[00:52:50.440]That's what you're here to learn about today
[00:52:51.910]is how to adhere to all these different laws
[00:52:53.870]and label restrictions, but if you use these incorrectly,
[00:52:56.910]I know it sometimes seems inconvenient
[00:52:58.850]to have to go through the whole label and read all that,
[00:53:01.320]but when we use these tools incorrectly,
[00:53:03.060]we often cause more problems than we solve.
[00:53:06.110]Not only may we expose ourselves or others to the pesticide,
[00:53:09.056]but in some cases with roaches,
[00:53:11.200]when we misuse an application inside,
[00:53:13.056]we scare them off, we actually make them run away
[00:53:15.920]and hide in tucked away places,
[00:53:17.970]and it can make the whole problem
[00:53:19.450]much more difficult to control.
[00:53:21.780]So consider that when you're putting those applications out
[00:53:24.367]and what you're choosing to apply.
[00:53:26.380]One possible solution might be
[00:53:28.070]using insect growth regulators like we see here, IGRs.
[00:53:31.477]These mimic the hormones of an insect,
[00:53:33.920]it disrupts their development, it ruins their ability
[00:53:36.730]to go from one stage to the next,
[00:53:38.940]or it ruins their ability to make new exoskeletons,
[00:53:42.070]and it will kill them.
[00:53:43.720]These are usually applied down into cracks and crevices,
[00:53:46.460]and they may be paired with more traditional insecticides
[00:53:49.660]that we would also put along the perimeter of the room.
[00:53:53.060]Crack and crevice injection is
[00:53:54.560]a good way to go with cockroaches.
[00:53:56.320]Rather than doing a wall-to-wall app,
[00:53:58.280]trying to treat the entire surface,
[00:54:00.130]going down into those areas where the cockroaches
[00:54:02.440]are actually living and using these specialized nozzles
[00:54:05.520]and specialized products to get that insecticide down
[00:54:08.490]in there is going to be good for control
[00:54:10.810]and also good for the residents
[00:54:12.690]or for the people working in that business.
[00:54:15.499]Aside from that, baiting is really the best way to go.
[00:54:19.030]Baiting is the number one cockroach
[00:54:20.910]control strategy in modern times.
[00:54:22.990]It is very effective, it's very targeted at just roaches,
[00:54:26.160]it has a long residual period and a very low human risk.
[00:54:29.830]As you've probably experienced putting some
[00:54:31.520]of these baits out, you've seen the cockroaches eating them.
[00:54:34.050]In this situation, we've got some
[00:54:35.770]nomming down real hard on that one.
[00:54:37.290]It's just a really cool way of getting
[00:54:38.820]an insecticide into the population.
[00:54:40.740]It's kind of like the Trojan horse.
[00:54:42.590]It doesn't acutely kill them, it makes them kinda sick,
[00:54:45.280]they go to where everybody is hanging out,
[00:54:47.260]they poop out lots of insecticide-laden feces,
[00:54:50.060]cockroaches are gross, they eat each other's poop
[00:54:52.090]like all the time, and then they get an insecticide
[00:54:54.780]spread around throughout the population,
[00:54:56.970]and ultimately, they're knocked out.
[00:54:58.910]These baits come as gels, powders, stations, or as solids.
[00:55:02.960]You should not pair these with
[00:55:04.270]other chemical management strategies.
[00:55:06.310]You do want to place the bait
[00:55:07.730]as close to the harborage as possible,
[00:55:09.890]and you also want to teach your client about sanitizing,
[00:55:12.656]'cause if there's competing food resources,
[00:55:14.757]they may go to that rather than going to your bait,
[00:55:18.050]and you're not gonna get the control that you want.
[00:55:20.390]So that's the number one reason
[00:55:21.630]that baits fail occasionally.
[00:55:23.400]If you don't place them in the correct spot,
[00:55:25.470]then you're not gonna get the control that you want.
[00:55:27.680]That's why you want a good inspection.
[00:55:29.470]There are also new introductions that occur.
[00:55:31.776]If you're dealing with a business that's constantly
[00:55:34.370]bringing in more material, you may have controlled
[00:55:36.780]their cockroach population, but there's a new shipment
[00:55:38.960]that came in and it had roaches in a pallet,
[00:55:41.612]they may be dealing with a homeowner
[00:55:43.440]that has a lot of secondhand furniture that they're buying,
[00:55:46.300]or they're just bringing cockroaches home in some fashion,
[00:55:49.170]and so you're gonna have to teach them about cutting that
[00:55:51.340]at the root so that you don't have
[00:55:52.960]to come back and put more baits up.
[00:55:54.930]There's also bait aversion.
[00:55:56.210]This is a behavior that we see with German roaches
[00:55:58.459]where they seem to have learned what the bait is
[00:56:00.997]and instead of feeding on it, they now avoid it
[00:56:03.880]and they go and feed on actual food instead.
[00:56:06.820]That's a very interesting phenomenon.
[00:56:08.360]There's still a lot of research going on with that.
[00:56:11.499](upbeat music)
[00:56:23.280]Let's talk about some of the other insects
[00:56:24.770]that you may encounter inside of the structure.
[00:56:26.920]One of the big categories is gonna be ants.
[00:56:29.120]There's lots of ants that like to get into a home.
[00:56:31.250]Again, we provide them lots of food and shelter in the home.
[00:56:35.110]Lots of different species that we can see,
[00:56:36.720]just some examples real fast.
[00:56:38.490]This is from a Nebraska Extension publication
[00:56:41.030]all about home invading ants.
[00:56:42.810]It gives really good diagrams of the different ant species
[00:56:46.000]and tells you how to find them.
[00:56:47.410]Just Google UNL ants and you will find that.
[00:56:50.780]We've got carpenter ants up there in the corner, a red one.
[00:56:53.360]Down here in the other corner we've got a field ant
[00:56:55.800]which looks very similar to the carpenter ant
[00:56:58.050]when they're out in the field,
[00:56:59.520]but once you get 'em under the scope,
[00:57:00.790]there are some subtle differences
[00:57:02.550]like that uneven thorax, and they also have three dots
[00:57:05.797]on their forehead, those are their simple eyes.
[00:57:08.460]We've got a pavement ant up here,
[00:57:10.130]odorous house ant down here.
[00:57:11.541]We'll focus in on some of these different species,
[00:57:14.150]but I also wanna point out that a lot of people
[00:57:16.410]when they find ants, they always assume
[00:57:18.530]that they have termites.
[00:57:19.410]This is my experience at least,
[00:57:20.417]and maybe you've had this as well,
[00:57:22.410]especially when the ants have wings.
[00:57:24.740]When ants are reproductive, when the colony is ready
[00:57:27.200]to make more colonies, they send up queens that have wings,
[00:57:30.750]they send up some males that have wings
[00:57:32.360]which look a little different.
[00:57:33.760]They make this big mating party on the outside
[00:57:36.430]of your house, sometimes down in your basement.
[00:57:38.720]So there's just all these ants having sex all around
[00:57:41.230]your client and they're gonna be very agitated by it,
[00:57:43.400]but they have learned in the past that when you see swarms
[00:57:45.970]like that, that's an indicator of termites.
[00:57:48.350]So you can teach them about things like ants have
[00:57:50.520]a more snowman like body, they have that head, thorax,
[00:57:53.750]and abdomen very clearly separated.
[00:57:55.920]A termite, they have that segmentation,
[00:57:57.930]but their body looks more like a sausage.
[00:58:00.300]Their wings also look a lot different.
[00:58:02.101]There's more nerves, they look more nerve-filled,
[00:58:05.240]there's all these veins in them.
[00:58:06.810]They're all the same size.
[00:58:08.300]Ant wings, there's two big ones and then two little ones,
[00:58:11.930]and you can help them to feel a little bit better.
[00:58:13.760]Other differences might be that the termites,
[00:58:15.800]if there are workers around,
[00:58:17.120]those workers are going to be white.
[00:58:19.050]Ants are rarely that light in color.
[00:58:21.430]Ants also have their elbowed antenna.
[00:58:23.650]They're called geniculate antenna.
[00:58:25.400]It looks like somebody saying the field goal
[00:58:26.920]is good for the Huskers and they're holding
[00:58:29.490]those up out to the side.
[00:58:30.960]Termites, on the other hand, they have beaded antennae
[00:58:33.690]that come off the front of their face.
[00:58:35.360]So lots of lots of ways to try and figure out
[00:58:37.500]which one that you're dealing with.
[00:58:39.410]Now, when homeowners find ants, my most common experience
[00:58:42.870]is that they say, "Well, I sprayed the ones that I saw."
[00:58:45.664]This is the same as treating the symptoms of a disease,
[00:58:48.850]you have a flu and you're treating the fever.
[00:58:51.970]If you do that, you're not really getting to the root
[00:58:53.970]of the problem, you're not helping solve the issue at hand.
[00:58:57.270]If you get rid of those workers,
[00:58:58.680]there's just gonna be more that come out.
[00:59:00.120]You have to get rid of the queen
[00:59:02.100]when you're doing ant control.
[00:59:03.550]So that's something you might try
[00:59:04.690]and teach your clients as well.
[00:59:06.700]If you want to do ant identification in your business,
[00:59:09.680]the main areas that you're gonna focus on are the thorax,
[00:59:12.560]which is that second segment, and then a area
[00:59:14.850]of the body that we call the pedicel.
[00:59:16.550]It's this piece here between the thorax and abdomen.
[00:59:19.440]It's not an extra segment, it's actually part
[00:59:21.910]of the abdomen, but in ants, it's highly specialized.
[00:59:25.120]It's what gives them this sort of tapered waist appearance.
[00:59:28.670]With different ants, you're going
[00:59:30.050]to see different shapes on the thorax.
[00:59:32.040]You're also gonna see different nodes on the pedicel.
[00:59:35.490]So some of them have one node, some of them have two,
[00:59:38.270]some of them have hidden nodes.
[00:59:39.750]The carpenter ant is an easy one to start with.
[00:59:41.920]On their thorax, it's very evenly shaped,
[00:59:44.100]it's rounded on the top like the top of a football helmet
[00:59:47.240]or the top of a head, and then if you look at their pedicel,
[00:59:50.010]there's one node on it, one big thorn
[00:59:52.640]in between the thorax and the abdomen.
[00:59:55.160]Carpenter ants, generally speaking,
[00:59:56.790]are the largest ants that we deal with here in Nebraska.
[00:59:59.570]They can be a quarter of an inch long
[01:00:01.080]all the way up to a half an inch long.
[01:00:02.930]There are major workers and minor workers.
[01:00:05.710]So you don't always wanna rely just on the size.
[01:00:07.580]You always wanna look for these
[01:00:08.610]other characteristics as well.
[01:00:11.220]The other thing that people rely on with carpenter ants
[01:00:13.400]a lot if they're big and they're black ants.
[01:00:15.600]That's what people think of when
[01:00:16.980]they think of a carpenter ant.
[01:00:18.270]There are two-toned carpenter ants, though.
[01:00:20.480]They have that kind of alternate coloration,
[01:00:22.170]like when the Huskers wear their alternate uniforms,
[01:00:24.270]they're red and black rather than just one color.
[01:00:27.360]So again, don't just rely on size, don't rely on color.
[01:00:30.900]Look at that thorax, look at that pedicel
[01:00:33.205]and see those characteristics that we've already discussed.
[01:00:36.890]Carpenter ants are different than termites as well,
[01:00:38.810]because they don't actually eat the wood that they're in.
[01:00:41.570]They excavate it out for their nest.
[01:00:43.440]They have really powerful mandibles.
[01:00:45.040]They can chomp through wood.
[01:00:46.610]Typically, they want to be in an area
[01:00:48.390]that has been damaged by water.
[01:00:50.340]So in the roof where there has been flood damage
[01:00:52.740]or leak damage, down in the basement where
[01:00:55.240]there's been flood damage, a tree that's been decaying
[01:00:58.340]for some time, that's where they want to go first.
[01:01:00.581]They can expand out into dryer wood,
[01:01:03.060]but generally speaking, they want that damp wood first.
[01:01:05.883]When you're looking at the ant damage,
[01:01:08.384]a lot of people, again, will think that they're dealing
[01:01:10.880]with a termite problem, but you can show your client
[01:01:13.520]and say, okay, you're dealing with carpenter ants,
[01:01:16.050]and I can promise you that because when I look
[01:01:18.010]at the damage, it's nice and rounded along those edges.
[01:01:21.290]Carpenter ants are crafts ants, they sand those edges down,
[01:01:25.170]it looks nice and smooth on the inside.
[01:01:27.800]The other major differences when you look
[01:01:29.400]at that carpenter ant nest, you'll notice at
[01:01:31.810]the termite nest over here, it's clean comparatively.
[01:01:35.590]The carpenter ant, they keep out a lot of debris.
[01:01:38.810]The termites, they pack everything with that mud.
[01:01:41.360]They need to be exposed to that mud, that moisture,
[01:01:43.950]otherwise, they're gonna dry out.
[01:01:45.470]Carpenter ants do not have that issue.
[01:01:47.420]So it'll be a lot tidier within
[01:01:49.200]the carpenter ant nest as well.
[01:01:51.520]You will see piles of sawdust associated
[01:01:53.870]with carpenter ants as well.
[01:01:55.060]They push the sawdust out.
[01:01:56.880]It'll be in a big pile outside of where they live.
[01:01:59.710]There will also be lots of bits in there.
[01:02:01.730]You'll find ants in there.
[01:02:03.100]You'll find their food in there.
[01:02:04.840]So if you see a pile of sawdust like that,
[01:02:06.790]it's a good indicator there's a problem.
[01:02:08.740]People will also notice foraging workers
[01:02:10.805]in the home crawling around in the kitchen,
[01:02:13.400]or in the basement looking for water, or in the bathroom.
[01:02:16.710]We may also see the winged reproductives.
[01:02:18.683]Sometimes people report these coming
[01:02:20.680]out of stumps or out of trees.
[01:02:22.960]People in the winter will also deal with carpenter ants,
[01:02:25.490]and what they will report is a crinkling noise.
[01:02:27.780]So if you have a client that says, "I hear bugs in the wall
[01:02:30.267]"and it's December," and they say, "It sounds
[01:02:32.557]"like somebody's in my wall with saran wrap,"
[01:02:34.790]there's either a homeless person living in their wall
[01:02:37.070]eating Twinkies, or they may have carpenter ants
[01:02:39.720]that are in there making that noise
[01:02:41.110]where they're drumming and chewing
[01:02:43.050]on the walls of that home.
[01:02:45.210]If you want to help with a carpenter ant problem,
[01:02:47.610]you should observe the workers
[01:02:49.020]and follow them back to their nest.
[01:02:50.970]This is best done at night or in the evening.
[01:02:53.460]You can also teach your client how to do this.
[01:02:55.264]You can have them put out an index card
[01:02:57.620]with some honey on it, and then when they take that honey,
[01:03:00.210]you can follow them back to the nest
[01:03:02.020]and figure out where you need to go and treat.
[01:03:04.660]Another common house ant is the odorous house ant.
[01:03:07.560]It gets its name from a smell that it produced.
[01:03:10.010]It's also known as the sugar ant because they're kinda small
[01:03:13.280]and they have a really, really big sweet tooth.
[01:03:15.700]They will want to eat sugar.
[01:03:17.440]These are common in the spring.
[01:03:18.830]They're some of the first ants
[01:03:19.890]that we see come into the home.
[01:03:21.670]They're small, about an eighth of an inch,
[01:03:23.630]and dark brown in color.
[01:03:25.340]In terms of their shape, their thorax is uneven,
[01:03:28.710]it has a hump and then a second hump,
[01:03:30.930]and then their abdomen actually kinda goes up
[01:03:33.220]over the node, so you don't see the node
[01:03:35.420]unless you peel the abdomen back.
[01:03:37.380]So if you see an ant with that uneven thorax,
[01:03:39.403]it's kinda small, and you can't see a node,
[01:03:42.064]it's a good bet it's an odorous house ant.
[01:03:44.040]If you want to confirm though,
[01:03:45.450]squish it between your fingers and then sniff it,
[01:03:48.130]and if you smell something that is described
[01:03:50.000]as either smelling like blue cheese or rotten coconut,
[01:03:52.960]which I would argue are two very different smells,
[01:03:55.240]but that's what it's described as,
[01:03:57.200]that is what you're supposed to smell when you do that.
[01:03:59.230]So a smelly, small ant in your finger,
[01:04:01.730]that is a good indicator you're dealing
[01:04:02.950]with an odorous house ant.
[01:04:04.610]Another smelly ant that we see
[01:04:06.170]in homes is the citronella ant.
[01:04:08.210]They look a lot different than the odorous house ant though.
[01:04:10.740]They're pale yellow, kind of
[01:04:12.310]an orange color in some situations.
[01:04:14.140]The worker is about a fourth of an inch long.
[01:04:16.550]When you crush these, they smell
[01:04:17.850]more like a citronella candle, sort of like a lemony smell.
[01:04:20.960]If you look at them, they have
[01:04:22.070]an uneven thorax and one node.
[01:04:24.220]The other interesting trait that they have
[01:04:25.940]is that their eye is quite small
[01:04:27.830]when you look at it from the side.
[01:04:29.720]They have large antennae that go over the top there,
[01:04:32.430]but that color and that smell are the main indicators.
[01:04:35.550]You'll get some calls about this,
[01:04:36.820]especially in the winter or in the spring.
[01:04:39.270]This is a very difficult ant for people to control.
[01:04:42.060]They feed on underground aphids.
[01:04:43.960]You're really not gonna be able
[01:04:45.000]to get baits into the colony.
[01:04:46.690]This is a tough one, and if you have a client with this,
[01:04:49.490]you might try and express that to them and say
[01:04:51.320]there's not a lot I can do for you,
[01:04:52.790]but it's also not a really big problem.
[01:04:55.190]The other ant I want to mention is the pavement ant.
[01:04:57.520]We've been seeing lots and lots
[01:04:58.700]of people dealing with these.
[01:04:59.980]It's an introduced ant that nests outdoors
[01:05:03.170]but will come inside for food.
[01:05:05.110]When we look at them, they have an uneven thorax.
[01:05:07.750]They have two nodes on their pedicel.
[01:05:09.820]They also have this wrinkly skin,
[01:05:11.400]it looks like these furrows have
[01:05:12.860]been plowed throughout their exoskeleton.
[01:05:15.730]So you can see those lines drawn on this image here.
[01:05:18.440]They also have two pointy spurs at the back of their thorax.
[01:05:21.950]So we always joke that they're kind
[01:05:22.840]of like a wrinkly old cowboy.
[01:05:24.730]They have spurs on and they got
[01:05:25.900]all these wrinkles in their body.
[01:05:27.540]They're also quite tiny,
[01:05:28.670]a little under an eighth of an inch.
[01:05:30.740]These are the ones that if you have somebody calling
[01:05:32.640]and saying there's ants, thousands of ants on my driveway,
[01:05:35.930]or on my pavement, on my walkup to my house,
[01:05:39.210]it's most likely a pavement ant.
[01:05:41.080]They create these ant wars that are happening
[01:05:43.450]as an active colony battle where two colonies
[01:05:46.060]are duking it out to figure out who's going
[01:05:47.860]to live under that pavement area.
[01:05:50.100]They are slower, they're less likely to run from you,
[01:05:53.280]but they can sting, they do have a stinger that works,
[01:05:56.370]and if you kneel down on top of this,
[01:05:57.980]they're gonna poke you with it,
[01:05:59.030]and it's not a very pleasant feeling.
[01:06:01.440]For ants, the IPM is very similar
[01:06:03.300]to what we'd talk about with cockroaches.
[01:06:05.060]Sanitation is big.
[01:06:06.240]You have to remove food and water.
[01:06:08.020]Replace any screens in the home that are allowing access,
[01:06:11.200]seal up entry holes, and that will keep
[01:06:13.070]the pests from foraging indoors.
[01:06:15.110]Perimeter treatments are also really good,
[01:06:16.920]they discourage the foraging ants
[01:06:18.470]from entering the building.
[01:06:19.930]You can also directly treat the top of an anthill
[01:06:22.780]like we see here, and that will get rid of some of them,
[01:06:25.420]it will suppress that colony, but ant control really
[01:06:28.230]is dependent upon getting to the queen.
[01:06:30.290]So for carpenter ants, to do that,
[01:06:32.110]you have to find the nest, drill into it,
[01:06:34.900]and treat that infested wood area
[01:06:36.700]with an aerosol or dust product,
[01:06:38.490]and hopefully you get the queen.
[01:06:40.500]If that's not a possibility, if you can't find the colony
[01:06:43.770]or they just keep coming back, ant baits are very effective.
[01:06:47.400]It's just like the cockroach idea.
[01:06:49.090]You're getting them to take the insecticide home,
[01:06:51.560]they give it to everybody else,
[01:06:53.320]and the next day it's Jonestown, right?
[01:06:54.790]Everybody is supposed to die after a period of time.
[01:06:57.850]You have to match the bait to
[01:06:59.610]the dietary needs of the ants though.
[01:07:01.730]Some ant baits are made with sweets like taro,
[01:07:04.820]some are made with more protein stuff,
[01:07:07.000]and if the colony needs sugar, then put out the sugary bait,
[01:07:10.040]if they are attracted to protein at that time,
[01:07:12.720]put out the protein bait.
[01:07:13.760]Have both on hand, you may have to test this out.
[01:07:16.359]You may even have to use both types in a given situation.
[01:07:19.959]Carpenter ants, there is some bait,
[01:07:22.350]there are some baits out there for carpenter ants.
[01:07:24.590]I haven't seen a lot of data on those.
[01:07:26.450]If you have a lot of success with it,
[01:07:27.920]please report that to us at the Extension office
[01:07:30.140]as we'd love to hear about it,
[01:07:31.590]but this ant bait is the same idea.
[01:07:33.580]It's tough to get carpenter ants to take things
[01:07:36.750]like taro and some of the others,
[01:07:38.570]but Maxforce and couple other carpenter ant baits,
[01:07:41.220]it seems like an interesting idea for the future.
[01:07:44.080]Baits come in a variety of ways.
[01:07:45.640]They are gels, they can be a bait station,
[01:07:48.180]they can be granules or liquids.
[01:07:50.160]If you're applying these, always wear gloves
[01:07:52.270]and try to minimize that smell transfer
[01:07:54.690]from you to the bait.
[01:07:56.140]Remember that the baits take time as well.
[01:07:58.470]You'll have to teach your client that this isn't immediate.
[01:08:01.140]This is gonna be something that works
[01:08:02.440]over the course of seven to 10 days.
[01:08:05.210]After that, you may have some flies that you deal with.
[01:08:08.270]Flies are a little different than some
[01:08:10.240]of the pets we've talked about today,
[01:08:11.440]because they exhibit that complete metamorphosis.
[01:08:14.000]They're an egg, then they're a larva, which we call
[01:08:16.390]a maggot, and then they become a pupa, and then that adult.
[01:08:19.690]The adult is highly mobile, therefore difficult to control.
[01:08:23.040]Most of the time when we're dealing with flies,
[01:08:25.030]we're trying to control the breeding ground.
[01:08:27.040]We wanna get rid of the area where they're laying their eggs
[01:08:29.730]and where the larvae are living.
[01:08:31.560]House flies are extremely common,
[01:08:33.470]about a fourth of an inch long.
[01:08:35.000]They have four vertical stripes on their thorax
[01:08:37.240]if you're trying to identi-fly, identify a fly.
[01:08:39.730]Identi-fly, I'm gonna use that later.
[01:08:41.780]If you're trying to identify them, look at that thorax,
[01:08:44.290]and if you see four dark stripes there,
[01:08:46.560]that's probably a house fly.
[01:08:47.930]They also have those big, bright red eyes.
[01:08:49.935]The maggots of these are most often found
[01:08:51.970]in garbage, also animal waste,
[01:08:53.880]if your client has pets, it's most likely they're gonna
[01:08:56.200]see a lot of this with cats and dogs,
[01:08:58.360]or rotting fruits and vegetables.
[01:09:00.920]Sanitation and exclusion are the keys to control.
[01:09:03.353]Making a client get a sealable trashcan
[01:09:06.500]that's emptied regularly.
[01:09:07.880]If you're dealing with a client with
[01:09:08.970]a large dumpster outside, you can treat the dumpster
[01:09:11.500]with a residual dust or talk to them about maybe getting
[01:09:14.570]a new can brought out that's gonna fit
[01:09:16.880]a little tighter on the lid part.
[01:09:18.750]Those are some possible ideas, but it can be difficult.
[01:09:22.483]Blowflies and other flies that might be in this category,
[01:09:25.600]the blowflies themselves, this would be the green
[01:09:27.730]and blue bottle flies which we see here,
[01:09:29.910]so named because of their coloration.
[01:09:31.744]They're very metallic looking in comparison
[01:09:34.370]to the house fly, and their infestations
[01:09:36.780]are usually pretty quick.
[01:09:37.950]They're not an extended problem.
[01:09:39.653]This is short-lived because
[01:09:41.470]it's centered around garbage normally.
[01:09:43.410]Usually right after Thanksgiving or Fourth of July,
[01:09:46.940]people throw out a bunch of hamburgers,
[01:09:48.740]or a half a turkey, or a bunch of something
[01:09:51.530]that's gonna rot and smell bad in the garbage.
[01:09:53.950]Those flies are gonna be able to find it.
[01:09:55.688]These are some of the same flies
[01:09:57.330]we use for forensic investigations.
[01:09:59.730]So they smell that rotting material very acutely.
[01:10:02.880]They lay their eggs on it, and their maggots will devour it.
[01:10:05.930]These will utilize dead animals.
[01:10:07.760]So it can be an indicator of a problem
[01:10:09.670]where an animal's died on a wall void or an attic,
[01:10:12.520]so you want to check those,
[01:10:13.500]and the vents as well, for carcasses.
[01:10:16.110]Then we have vinegar flies,
[01:10:17.370]more commonly known as fruit flies.
[01:10:19.680]These are small, very diminutive, and brown,
[01:10:22.570]and they have bright red eyes.
[01:10:24.310]The larvae of these develop in fruits and vegetables
[01:10:26.910]that are fermenting, and they can love beer
[01:10:29.490]and wine as well, anything that smells
[01:10:31.460]like it's getting aged, basically.
[01:10:33.640]The infestations of these are rapid.
[01:10:35.600]They can happen really quickly.
[01:10:37.050]It's an eight day development period from egg to adult.
[01:10:40.100]That's their whole life, just about.
[01:10:41.900]So you can see huge numbers in just about a week window.
[01:10:45.550]For these, sanitation is the key.
[01:10:47.480]You have to convince folks to get rid of rotten stock.
[01:10:50.270]If somebody has a pile of old bananas in their house
[01:10:53.570]or potatoes, you'll have to talk to them about that.
[01:10:56.790]If you're dealing with a bar or with a buffet,
[01:11:00.030]you're gonna have a much tougher time dealing with that,
[01:11:02.600]'cause that food is sitting out.
[01:11:04.140]So convincing them to invest in covers
[01:11:06.213]or to try and change things up so that
[01:11:08.460]that stock isn't easily accessible would be good.
[01:11:11.050]You can also try and talk to them about
[01:11:12.672]using an apple cider vinegar trap.
[01:11:15.230]If you can put these out, you'll catch lots of adults
[01:11:17.590]and they'll deal with fewer pests over time.
[01:11:20.140]Drain flies are another fly that you may encounter,
[01:11:22.250]also known as moth flies.
[01:11:23.390]They're small, dark gray, very fuzzy.
[01:11:26.050]They're also called moth flies.
[01:11:27.430]When you squish them, you'll get scales all over you.
[01:11:29.745]The maggots of these live down in drains,
[01:11:32.210]and they consume the slime that develops
[01:11:34.100]on the walls of pipes, and if you're dealing with these,
[01:11:36.477]you're gonna have to teach them about trying
[01:11:39.170]to get that drain drier or trying to clean it out.
[01:11:41.790]So you'll want to inspect the facility to determine
[01:11:44.240]which drain is the source of the adults.
[01:11:46.530]You can scrape the drain, that's a service you can offer,
[01:11:49.720]to remove that slime, or you can try
[01:11:51.880]and use a foaming cleaner.
[01:11:53.429](upbeat music)
[01:12:05.880]One last pest I wanna talk to you about today
[01:12:07.660]is probably one that you're getting
[01:12:08.680]a lot of phone calls about, bed bugs.
[01:12:10.680]This is definitely the number one pest
[01:12:12.270]that we deal with at the Extension office.
[01:12:14.090]I would say I spend about 20, 25% of my time
[01:12:16.960]fielding calls about this particular insect.
[01:12:19.180]So just wanna share some factoids about it with you
[01:12:21.880]so you can have that educated conversation
[01:12:23.900]with your clientele.
[01:12:25.150]Bed bugs are a part of a much larger group of insects
[01:12:27.840]that we call the true bugs, also known as the hemipterans.
[01:12:31.404]Hemipterans are special because they all
[01:12:33.320]have these needle-like mouthparts that you see on
[01:12:35.710]the front of their mouth or front of their face there
[01:12:37.910]that they use to siphon out fluids for food.
[01:12:40.580]Some of them, like the aphids, they use that on a plant,
[01:12:42.960]they drink sap all day basically.
[01:12:44.960]Others like the bed bug and their close relatives,
[01:12:47.097]they use it to get blood.
[01:12:48.780]An adult bed bug is about a fifth of an inch long.
[01:12:51.383]They are a dark red, kind of dark orange coloration.
[01:12:54.480]You are what you eat, they eat blood,
[01:12:56.590]so they take on this kind of scabby coloration.
[01:12:59.530]As with all insects, they have their head, thorax,
[01:13:01.920]and abdomen, six legs, two antennae.
[01:13:04.103]This is important to point out to folks
[01:13:06.460]and to be able to show where those things are at
[01:13:09.360]when you're talking to clientele,
[01:13:10.620]because a lot of people, if they find any bug,
[01:13:12.882]any spider, anything in their bed,
[01:13:15.530]it's a bug, it's in the bed, therefore it is a bed bug.
[01:13:18.710]So if you can help them to figure out
[01:13:20.200]what it is that they're looking at,
[01:13:21.660]you may put their mind more at ease.
[01:13:23.950]If you have a magnification tool in the field with you,
[01:13:26.990]you may also be able to show them
[01:13:28.620]the mouthpart of the animal.
[01:13:30.340]If it's a carpet beetle or a spider,
[01:13:32.370]you're gonna see chewing mandibles for those beetles
[01:13:34.970]or the chelicera, the fangs, for the spider.
[01:13:37.350]With a bed bug, you would see
[01:13:38.430]this needle-like mouthpart folded up under the head.
[01:13:41.900]We may also have to deal with bat bugs in some situations.
[01:13:44.830]Bed bugs and bat bugs visually look very similar.
[01:13:48.010]They're the same shape, the same size, the same color.
[01:13:50.910]The main difference is when you get the bat bug under
[01:13:53.590]a microscope, you'll see that they have these long hairs
[01:13:57.020]that project off the sides of their body.
[01:13:59.320]They also fight crime in Gotham City,
[01:14:01.010]and that's another way that you can tell 'em apart.
[01:14:02.900]But that bat bug has those long hairs
[01:14:04.540]to help it hold onto the bat as the bat moves around.
[01:14:07.380]You really need a microscope or
[01:14:08.940]a magnification tool to discern them.
[01:14:11.650]The other questions that you might get about bedbugs
[01:14:13.620]are why are they doing this?
[01:14:15.060]Why are they biting me?
[01:14:15.980]Why are they in my home?
[01:14:17.730]Bed bugs feed on us in order to grow.
[01:14:20.030]Without a blood meal, they can't shed their exoskeleton,
[01:14:22.750]and the female will need to take extra blood
[01:14:24.895]over the course of her life in order to make eggs.
[01:14:27.890]So this is a little different than something like a mosquito
[01:14:30.370]where only the female feeds on us in order to make eggs.
[01:14:33.390]In this case, both makes and females must feed,
[01:14:36.070]and they have to feed multiple times over their life
[01:14:38.570]or they're never going to reach adulthood.
[01:14:41.060]This is their life cycle from egg to adulthood.
[01:14:43.820]The egg stage can last six to 10 days depending
[01:14:46.490]on food resources and the temperature of the environment.
[01:14:49.870]The eggs are quite small, maybe about the size
[01:14:52.210]of a grain of sugar or a poppy seed,
[01:14:54.780]and they're kind of a rice shape and they're clear almost.
[01:14:57.930]The first instar is about the same size as the egg,
[01:15:00.930]and then you can see as they feed,
[01:15:02.350]they puff up and fill with blood.
[01:15:04.180]They go through five nymphal instars.
[01:15:06.660]This takes usually about a month before they finish this.
[01:15:10.110]Again, this is dependent upon food, if people move out
[01:15:13.070]of an apartment, they can arrest their development,
[01:15:15.470]if it gets really cold in a house or really hot,
[01:15:18.460]this timeline can change.
[01:15:19.834]Once they reach adulthood,
[01:15:21.500]you can tell the difference between males
[01:15:23.040]and females a little bit better.
[01:15:25.030]Males are pointier at the tip of their abdomen
[01:15:27.700]where their aedeagus, or penis, is, and the female,
[01:15:30.740]when she's full of blood, is a little bit larger,
[01:15:33.020]and that's because of that extra blood she needs
[01:15:34.780]to make eggs.
[01:15:36.000]They do live for another two to four months as an adult.
[01:15:38.731]So overall, we're talking about maybe
[01:15:41.180]a six month lifespan for these insects on average.
[01:15:44.360]Now, that can change depending on several factors,
[01:15:46.980]and we'll talk more about that here in a second.
[01:15:49.360]The other question I get a lot is how did this happen to me,
[01:15:51.670]and I'm sure you've heard this as well.
[01:15:53.430]How did I get bed bugs?
[01:15:54.671]What did I do wrong?
[01:15:56.550]And it's hard to teach people that this is just an accident,
[01:15:59.350]this is just something that happened to you.
[01:16:01.390]We encounter bed bugs in a lot of common shared spaces.
[01:16:04.510]Hotels are, of course, one of the big ones.
[01:16:06.750]People going in and out all the time,
[01:16:08.860]nice comfy bed there for the bed bug to live in
[01:16:11.560]or behind, and you can pick them up
[01:16:13.480]and bring 'em home from there.
[01:16:15.290]Libraries, though, also have to be considered
[01:16:17.710]because there's chairs that we share,
[01:16:19.460]there's also books that go into people's bedrooms
[01:16:22.010]and then are returned to the facility.
[01:16:24.050]We have to think about movie theaters, office buildings,
[01:16:25.892]airplanes, public transportation.
[01:16:28.452]There are lots and lots of opportunities for people
[01:16:31.170]to encounter bed bugs in the world.
[01:16:33.540]That doesn't mean that they have to become a hermit
[01:16:35.900]that lives in a cave and never exposes themself to people.
[01:16:38.311]It just means that they need to be aware of this issue.
[01:16:41.627]The problem here is that bed bugs are great hitchhikers.
[01:16:44.470]They do not jump particularly well.
[01:16:46.250]They're not an athlete.
[01:16:47.083]They don't fly.
[01:16:48.220]They're not really all that sticky.
[01:16:49.560]All they're good at is hugging,
[01:16:51.020]and they hug onto you, and they hug onto your clothes
[01:16:53.960]or your luggage, and then you cart them home with you.
[01:16:56.790]That might be one way for you to explain that
[01:16:58.870]to your clients is it was just an accident
[01:17:00.750]that you were exposed to it, and it came home on furniture
[01:17:03.740]that you got, on a new bed that you,
[01:17:05.850]a used bed that you bought, or other items
[01:17:08.350]that you brought out of some other facility.
[01:17:11.010]Once they come home, of course, you can teach folks
[01:17:13.470]about how they start in and around the bed.
[01:17:15.360]That's why they get their name.
[01:17:16.740]They wanna be near the person, they want to be,
[01:17:19.670]they want to have easy access to their food item.
[01:17:22.070]Once their population starts to build,
[01:17:24.410]they will progress outward into nearby furniture
[01:17:26.991]and other problematic areas.
[01:17:29.170]They're really well-adapted to
[01:17:30.240]go unnoticed at first as well.
[01:17:31.610]People might ask, "How did this happen?
[01:17:33.247]"How did they explode so much in my home?"
[01:17:35.730]One thing you can tell them is
[01:17:37.020]that bed bugs are good hiders.
[01:17:38.820]They're good at hiding in slats of wood,
[01:17:41.410]in screw heads, in the seams of different furniture items,
[01:17:45.220]and they can do this because they
[01:17:46.540]are dorsoventrally flattened, meaning that if you look
[01:17:49.290]at 'em from the top, they are round like a dime,
[01:17:51.060]if you look at them from the side,
[01:17:52.800]they are flat like a dime.
[01:17:54.111]This is helpful for hiding, for squeezing into new areas.
[01:17:57.510]It's also helpful because they're pre-squished.
[01:18:00.020]It's hard to squish a bug that's already smushed.
[01:18:02.980]Their organs are already kind of flattened.
[01:18:05.000]To squish a bed bug, it either has to be full of blood
[01:18:07.420]or you kinda have to grind it up between your fingernails.
[01:18:10.530]They also have painless bites due to an anesthetic
[01:18:13.070]that they inject to the skin, and they can feed
[01:18:15.890]for anywhere between zero and 15 minutes.
[01:18:18.930]After 12 or 15 minutes, they're pretty much tanked up
[01:18:21.500]on blood, and they're going to disengage and go and hide.
[01:18:24.474]Most people have no idea that this has occurred to them
[01:18:27.560]until the morning, and you can see how they change
[01:18:29.690]over here as they feed on this slide.
[01:18:33.100]They also are nocturnal in order to avoid detection,
[01:18:35.780]but they are not nocturnal by default.
[01:18:37.770]They are nocturnal by necessity,
[01:18:40.000]because in most cases, that's when we are asleep,
[01:18:41.994]and that's a better time to not be noticed
[01:18:44.330]when you're feeding on a person,
[01:18:46.140]but if you have a client that sleeps 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.,
[01:18:48.530]you might have to explain that even though
[01:18:50.800]they don't sleep at night, they work at night,
[01:18:52.890]the bed bugs are able to adapt
[01:18:54.800]to their feeding strategies accordingly.
[01:18:57.034]One other problem with bed bugs is that they can go unfed
[01:19:00.010]for several months and still survive.
[01:19:01.720]We talked about that six or so month long time scale
[01:19:05.280]for them to go from egg to adult,
[01:19:07.380]that can be extended up to a year or more
[01:19:09.650]in the case of some that aren't getting fed
[01:19:12.590]or being exposed to cold temperatures.
[01:19:14.490]So usually we would say six to seven months is the max
[01:19:17.770]that a bed bug can survive without feeding.
[01:19:19.940]If the bed bug's already six months old,
[01:19:21.892]if it's an older bed bug, then maybe that bed bug
[01:19:24.560]is going to have lived in total
[01:19:26.040]for a year before it perishes.
[01:19:29.000]Other problems are that an infestation really only needs
[01:19:31.560]one mated female in order to occur.
[01:19:34.110]One female bed bug will store enough sperm in her body,
[01:19:37.200]in her spermatheca, to fertilize her egg load
[01:19:40.090]over the course of her life.
[01:19:41.670]She's gonna lay one to two eggs a day.
[01:19:43.360]She'll lay a couple hundred over the course of her life.
[01:19:46.191]This is problematic, because sometimes we encounter
[01:19:49.180]these mated females because of
[01:19:51.130]the way in which bed bugs mate.
[01:19:53.050]It's a process called traumatic insemination.
[01:19:55.391]A male bed bug does not use
[01:19:57.550]the actual reproductive canal that the female has.
[01:20:01.020]Instead, his aedeagus, his penis, is shaped like a knife,
[01:20:04.430]it is serrated and hooked, and he runs up
[01:20:07.450]to the female bed bug and stabs her in the belly.
[01:20:10.550]There's actually a soft spot on her body
[01:20:12.880]where this has occurred over time.
[01:20:15.040]So they have adapted to this.
[01:20:16.850]But he injects his sperm into her and then disengages.
[01:20:20.090]He's not very talented at this,
[01:20:21.470]he kinda just like stabs everything around him all the time,
[01:20:24.160]and so sometimes they get other males,
[01:20:26.020]sometimes they get wood and pillows,
[01:20:28.500]and all that kind of stuff.
[01:20:29.620]They're not very talented at this,
[01:20:31.470]but once they do mate, I would imagine the female,
[01:20:34.010]at this point, she's probably never gonna wanna
[01:20:35.720]see another male bed bug again,
[01:20:37.220]I wouldn't, if I were her, and so at that point,
[01:20:39.710]she might run off from where those bed bugs are hanging out
[01:20:43.180]and therefore, that could be the one that you pick up,
[01:20:45.590]and again, she's gonna have enough sperm for her life.
[01:20:48.314]One big problem that I have experienced,
[01:20:50.900]at least in my career, has been not
[01:20:52.780]a lot of people know a lot about bed bugs.
[01:20:55.180]We have forgotten about this pest.
[01:20:56.720]It used to be everybody had bed bugs,
[01:20:58.550]that's why we had a nursery rhyme about it,
[01:21:00.100]good night, sleep tight, don't let the bed bugs bite,
[01:21:02.612]but after we invented DDT we pretty much
[01:21:06.350]got rid of bed bugs in America, and England,
[01:21:08.720]and other places that had access to DDT,
[01:21:11.720]and it was an amazing advancement.
[01:21:13.660]It was something that was really successful,
[01:21:15.252]and because it happened, we forgot about bed bugs.
[01:21:18.660]They were still in other nations,
[01:21:20.020]but we never dealt with it here except in rare instances
[01:21:23.140]in chicken coops and weird things like that,
[01:21:25.510]but for the most part, people completely forgot about it,
[01:21:28.047]and so when people get bed bugs,
[01:21:30.820]they have no idea what to do, and they kinda freak out.
[01:21:33.410]So that might be something that you experience as well.
[01:21:36.690]The other question that we get a lot
[01:21:38.360]is what are bed bugs going to do to me,
[01:21:40.070]and the main problem is these itchy,
[01:21:41.810]raised, red welts that we see here.
[01:21:43.770]Normal presentation down in the corner here,
[01:21:45.834]looks a lot like a mosquito bite.
[01:21:47.840]Sometimes folks become allergic like we see here.
[01:21:50.720]The more they're fed upon, the more likely they are
[01:21:53.080]to become allergic, and they get these
[01:21:54.900]almost hard pustule-like structures on their skin
[01:21:58.030]which can burst and can get secondary infections.
[01:22:01.270]So this is an extreme situation.
[01:22:03.210]That one down there is more normal.
[01:22:05.227]Then we have the other end of the spectrum,
[01:22:07.110]the people who never react.
[01:22:08.480]About 30% of Americans, according to a PestWorld survey,
[01:22:11.610]they don't react to bed bug bites at all,
[01:22:14.260]and so they have no idea that they have a problem.
[01:22:16.690]They can kinda become a bed bug harbor
[01:22:18.770]in a multiunit, multistory kind of apartment
[01:22:22.550]or even in nursing homes and places like that.
[01:22:25.150]The elderly tend to react less to bed bug bites.
[01:22:28.370]That's another interesting little wrinkle
[01:22:30.530]that you'll have to consider.
[01:22:31.914]One good piece of news is that bed bugs
[01:22:34.080]are not known vectors for any disease.
[01:22:35.880]We haven't seen them be able to take a disease
[01:22:37.930]from one human and spread it to another.
[01:22:40.230]They've tested this a lot and tried
[01:22:42.080]to see if it could pick up AIDS, hepatitis,
[01:22:44.540]all kinds of bloodborne pathogens.
[01:22:46.720]The truth is is that their biology
[01:22:48.090]is just not really suited for this.
[01:22:49.920]The virus, or whatever disease-causing agent
[01:22:52.410]that they're picking up, it usually can't survive in them
[01:22:54.960]or they don't spit it back into the person.
[01:22:57.492]The other problem that bed bugs have
[01:23:00.132]is that they don't have wings.
[01:23:01.920]So a good disease vector is a mosquito.
[01:23:03.780]They can bite you, fly down the street,
[01:23:05.660]and bite somebody else.
[01:23:06.880]A bed bug is probably going to spend its whole life
[01:23:09.090]feeding on you, you're the only feed that it will ever know.
[01:23:12.020]So even if it got a disease from you,
[01:23:13.960]it's not likely to be able to give it to somebody else.
[01:23:17.050]That doesn't mean that they're not a problem.
[01:23:18.580]There is a lot of added stress for bed bugs,
[01:23:20.770]and it can impact people's emotional wellbeing,
[01:23:22.730]takes away their ability to fall asleep at night,
[01:23:25.610]and it can make people very angry
[01:23:27.390]and make them very desperate, and because of that,
[01:23:30.000]people will look on the internet,
[01:23:31.450]and you're gonna deal with a lot of this,
[01:23:33.520]with people who say, "Well, I called you because I already
[01:23:35.947]"tried X, Y, and Z, and it didn't work,"
[01:23:38.690]and X, Y, and Z can be innocuous kinda stuff,
[01:23:42.040]or it can be really horrifying kind of stuff.
[01:23:44.740]You may encounter somebody that's bought a product
[01:23:46.647]that was supposed to be organic,
[01:23:48.660]that means that it's mostly alcohol based
[01:23:50.368]and it has an essential oil in it,
[01:23:52.950]or some other sort of herbaceous agent.
[01:23:55.490]In this case, I am pointing out a product called Rest Easy.
[01:23:58.460]It's cinnamon flavored alcohol basically.
[01:24:00.750]It's like cinnamon whiskey almost,
[01:24:02.870]and you'll be better off buying the cinnamon whiskey
[01:24:04.610]and drinking one and giving another sip to the bed bugs,
[01:24:07.730]and you get drunk and at least be a little happy
[01:24:10.130]at the end, because this one isn't
[01:24:11.510]really gonna help you very much with your bed bug problem.
[01:24:13.980]If you get it directly on top of them,
[01:24:15.810]the alcohol will kill them, but it's not gonna help
[01:24:18.700]to repel or to prevent bed bugs.
[01:24:21.450]Other people on the internet will put out things like this
[01:24:23.880]where it talks about spraying mattresses with kerosene,
[01:24:26.507]or diesel fuel, or straight up gasoline,
[01:24:29.570]and so you might have a client that's done this,
[01:24:31.440]and then, if you're lucky, that's all they did
[01:24:34.090]and it didn't work, but if you're not lucky,
[01:24:36.110]you might hear about somebody who caught their house on fire
[01:24:38.350]or hurt their family.
[01:24:39.750]We have seen instances of that out there.
[01:24:41.920]So be prepared to deal with wild sort of control strategies,
[01:24:45.840]wild accusations about all kinds
[01:24:48.200]of stuff involving bed bugs.
[01:24:49.330]People are in a highly stressed situation,
[01:24:52.280]they're very agitated and very angry.
[01:24:54.290]It can be tough for you to deal with that client.
[01:24:57.130]Of course, if you're looking for bed bugs
[01:24:59.120]and doing the inspection, there are some hiding spots
[01:25:01.340]to check, starting with the bed, other sleeping areas
[01:25:04.280]like a couch or a chair, you'll also wanna consider pictures
[01:25:07.350]and furniture that's nearby.
[01:25:09.030]Look for things like the bed bug exoskeletons.
[01:25:11.194]They look like old popcorn hulls
[01:25:13.510]that are kind of sprinkled throughout the area.
[01:25:15.740]You'll also see the fecal stains.
[01:25:17.730]They poop out blood essentially,
[01:25:19.290]so it looks like scabs are along the edge of a bed.
[01:25:22.580]There's also an odor that is detectable with bed bugs.
[01:25:26.050]Most people compare it to coriander.
[01:25:27.850]This is something that a lot of applicators over time,
[01:25:30.920]they become sort of adjusted to
[01:25:32.470]and they can know when they've walked
[01:25:33.640]into a bed bug situation.
[01:25:35.330]The more bed bugs there are,
[01:25:36.850]the more there is going to be an odor.
[01:25:39.040]Some companies utilize this odor by using a dog.
[01:25:42.269]You may have met a bed bug detecting dog before.
[01:25:45.309]They are, essentially, drug dogs or bomb dogs
[01:25:48.170]that have been adapted to look for bed bugs.
[01:25:50.600]They are difficult to train, therefore it can be expensive
[01:25:53.050]to buy it, and it can be expensive for your client then
[01:25:56.340]if you're gonna sell this as a service.
[01:25:59.123]In terms of control, insecticides are still the mainstay
[01:26:02.390]according to the most recent poll that I have seen.
[01:26:04.710]There are other things that are suggested
[01:26:06.570]like encasements, and laundering,
[01:26:08.200]and vacuuming, but for the most part,
[01:26:10.170]insecticides are still the number one option.
[01:26:13.640]We have had problems with pesticide resistance,
[01:26:16.260]insects that are exposed to insecticides over time.
[01:26:19.629]They can become resistant to certain products
[01:26:22.120]or to related products.
[01:26:23.807]Bed bugs have been heavily treated
[01:26:25.430]with DDT throughout their history,
[01:26:27.480]and so a lot of our modern products are descended from DDT,
[01:26:31.430]and if they're resistant to DDT,
[01:26:33.620]they're not gonna be able to be killed
[01:26:35.560]by pyrethroids in particular.
[01:26:37.640]So to overcome that, we have created a lot
[01:26:39.700]of combination products like Temprid and Transport.
[01:26:43.460]These are two really commonly used professional use products
[01:26:46.690]that have a neonicotinoid and a pyrethroid in them.
[01:26:50.260]They're very successful at controlling bed bugs.
[01:26:52.680]If you use a pyrethroid alone,
[01:26:54.430]you might be successful, you might not.
[01:26:56.500]The genetics vary state-to-state, city-to-city,
[01:26:59.820]even apartment building
[01:27:00.850]to apartment building in some cities.
[01:27:02.880]Because these genetics are so contained,
[01:27:05.470]the populations are so isolated,
[01:27:07.090]some of them may be resistant and some of them may not,
[01:27:10.240]but if you wanna use a pyrethroid alone,
[01:27:12.240]you might consider things like Suspend SC,
[01:27:14.930]a residual pyrethroid spray with deltamethrin in it,
[01:27:18.160]Delta Dust, this is a dust that you can put into cracks,
[01:27:21.120]and crevices, and voids to control some bed bugs.
[01:27:24.270]There's also Bedlam.
[01:27:25.430]You may meet some clients who have treated with
[01:27:27.970]this pyrethroid aerosol to try and treat their mattress.
[01:27:31.260]These will all have limited use on those mattresses.
[01:27:34.750]There are other products out there like Phantom.
[01:27:36.390]This is a residual organophosphate aerosol.
[01:27:38.718]It's often paired with Steri-Fab,
[01:27:41.120]which is essentially rubbing alcohol.
[01:27:43.130]So you treat the edge of the mattress with phantom,
[01:27:45.670]you treat the other areas with Steri-Fab,
[01:27:47.659]and hopefully gain some control.
[01:27:49.541]Alpine, a neonicotinoid alone, no pyrethroid there.
[01:27:53.810]It's applied most often as a dust.
[01:27:55.500]It's a white dust, that's how it gets its name.
[01:27:57.320]It looks like alpine snow.
[01:27:59.019]It's paired with that diatomaceous earth,
[01:28:01.259]or it can be used as an aerosol in some cases.
[01:28:04.370]It's dinotefuron, we use that in
[01:28:06.000]a lot of different industries for pest control.
[01:28:08.510]This is mainly down in cracks and crevices.
[01:28:10.470]You're not putting this on the mattress,
[01:28:12.610]and it's usually paired with another product.
[01:28:15.390]You may have some clients that do not want to have
[01:28:17.400]an insecticide applied in their home at all,
[01:28:19.580]and so for them, they may wanna go for heat treatment.
[01:28:21.880]This is something that you may have to talk to people about.
[01:28:24.470]You may wanna offer it as a service
[01:28:26.160]if you can afford the setup.
[01:28:27.780]So it's a generator, and heaters, and fans
[01:28:30.117]that you'll strategically set up in the property,
[01:28:32.677]and you want to raise the temperature of all items
[01:28:35.440]all the way down into their center
[01:28:37.470]up to around 125 or more degrees.
[01:28:40.460]The closer you get to 130, the more successful you will be.
[01:28:43.840]That means the air temperature
[01:28:44.810]in this property might be around 200 degrees.
[01:28:47.270]Because of that, certain items do need to be removed
[01:28:49.610]like paintings, or aerosol cans, or electronics.
[01:28:52.650]So make sure that you print up a list of things
[01:28:54.510]that your client should take out of the home,
[01:28:56.540]and teach them how to inspect those things for bed bugs
[01:28:59.460]so they don't reintroduce them after all of your hard work
[01:29:02.680]trying to kill their pest problem.
[01:29:04.550]This is really quick, it's really effective,
[01:29:07.120]it can also be really expensive,
[01:29:08.870]and it may not always be the best option
[01:29:10.770]for multiunit areas.
[01:29:12.330]So you wanna consider what you're choosing.
[01:29:13.870]Insecticides and heat are both effective,
[01:29:16.490]they're both good tools, but you just have to figure out
[01:29:18.500]which one works best for your business
[01:29:20.250]and which one works best for your client.
[01:29:22.037](upbeat music)
[01:29:34.340]So we're gonna talk about commensal rodents.
[01:29:35.878]Commensal rodents are rodents that live with people,
[01:29:38.678]come into our houses, do all sorts of things,
[01:29:41.740]but we wanna really learn about them.
[01:29:43.970]First, we'll talk about the number one commensal rodent,
[01:29:46.801]the house mouse.
[01:29:48.330]The house mouse is probably one of
[01:29:49.810]the most successful vertebrate pests in the world.
[01:29:52.980]It's taken over all niches and it's everywhere.
[01:29:55.630]How do we recognize it?
[01:29:56.940]Well, you can see these ears, they're pretty tall,
[01:29:59.830]and the beady eyes, and the whiskers,
[01:30:01.760]and a tail way over there does not have any hair on it,
[01:30:06.100]and it's not two colors, it's only one color.
[01:30:09.420]The other thing we have to be watch out for
[01:30:11.520]is look at the belly to make sure
[01:30:13.170]it's a house mouse and not a field mouse.
[01:30:15.170]The belly of a house mouse is colored.
[01:30:17.420]It's usually gray or it could be
[01:30:19.070]the same color as the top part of the animal,
[01:30:21.230]but when we're looking at color, we have to be careful,
[01:30:24.040]because house mice come in every color imaginable.
[01:30:27.640]We bred 'em so they're white, we bred 'em so they're brown,
[01:30:30.490]we have some that glow in the dark.
[01:30:32.750]So when you have a house mouse problem,
[01:30:35.080]you may have some mice that got away from someone's pets
[01:30:37.723]and then they're causing a problem.
[01:30:39.520]So they can be white as well,
[01:30:41.180]but they all have the same abilities
[01:30:43.010]and you can control 'em the same way.
[01:30:45.280]The biggest thing to remember
[01:30:46.646]is what are their capabilities?
[01:30:49.130]Vision, they can easily see three feet away,
[01:30:54.050]but when it comes farther, it has to be moving.
[01:30:56.920]Like up to 40 feet, it has to be moving,
[01:30:58.427]and they are colorblind.
[01:31:00.683]Hearing, very acute, 45 hertz they can hear.
[01:31:04.890]So they can hear things a long way,
[01:31:06.830]and they can pick up radar.
[01:31:08.680]They kinda send out a radar and it comes back.
[01:31:10.763]Can they hear those ultrasonic units?
[01:31:13.170]No way, that's why they don't work.
[01:31:15.400]They can't pick up ultrasonic sounds, kinda like us.
[01:31:19.990]Taste, they can't taste a thing, it's all on smell.
[01:31:24.240]So when you're doing bait,
[01:31:25.350]you want a bait that smells a lot.
[01:31:27.180]You don't want one that's just there that they have
[01:31:30.260]to taste, because they use olfaction more than taste.
[01:31:34.435]The other thing about them is that smell
[01:31:37.120]that they use for finding food is very, very acute,
[01:31:40.710]about twice as much as ours.
[01:31:42.410]About 250 parts per billion they can smell.
[01:31:45.280]So if one other mouse just urinated a half a drop,
[01:31:48.678]they can smell that right off the bat,
[01:31:51.470]and their other ability, the tactile ability,
[01:31:54.850]the ability to feel everything around them.
[01:31:56.960]They have what we call guard hairs and whiskers.
[01:31:59.360]They can go right along a wall
[01:32:01.260]and know when there's a short place in the wall.
[01:32:03.770]They know, if they start to go into a hole,
[01:32:05.499]if their shoulders'll fit by the size of their whiskers.
[01:32:09.170]The guard hairs down the back also tell them
[01:32:11.023]if they're getting to too tight of an area,
[01:32:13.620]and they also sense different things like electricity,
[01:32:16.830]static electricity along walls
[01:32:19.180]and different things like that.
[01:32:20.410]Cold and heat, they actually, from contraction on
[01:32:23.100]the guard hairs, tell 'em if they're starting
[01:32:24.790]to go into a colder location or a warmer location,
[01:32:28.400]some place they wanna be in.
[01:32:29.960]So they have these abilities that are different
[01:32:32.090]than other animals, definitely different than us,
[01:32:34.760]and we can use knowing about these abilities to do IPM.
[01:32:38.670]So let's look a little more at their abilities.
[01:32:40.800]How fast can they run?
[01:32:42.016]Well, believe it or not,
[01:32:43.730]a mouse can run four to six miles per hour.
[01:32:46.998]I don't know about you,
[01:32:48.270]but I have a hard time keeping up four to six miles per hour
[01:32:50.720]to try to sprint to catch them,
[01:32:52.960]so they can definitely outrun you.
[01:32:54.710]The other thing about them, they can vertically jump,
[01:32:57.470]that's from one place to the next place,
[01:33:00.230]easily two and a half foot, right across!
[01:33:03.898]So if they can go from one shelf to the next.
[01:33:06.476]The other thing about them, they can do a standing jump,
[01:33:09.760]straight horizontal jump on a dock.
[01:33:12.290]One and a half to three foot straight up, okay?
[01:33:15.760]So a dock doesn't stop them.
[01:33:17.110]They can come right up about a meter
[01:33:18.670]or three foot straight up.
[01:33:20.556]The other thing about them, they're amazing,
[01:33:24.000]they're actually better than a cat
[01:33:25.470]when it comes to dropping.
[01:33:26.770]Just think, I'm not even six foot.
[01:33:28.600]They can drop eight foot, straight down,
[01:33:31.500]run off a dock and jump and land eight foot on the ground.
[01:33:34.933]They can keep on running without any harm to their body.
[01:33:38.176]The other part about them, they're great climbers.
[01:33:41.899]A brick house, a stucco house, right up, no problem.
[01:33:47.720]Behind a gutter, they can squeeze in and go up.
[01:33:50.540]These are all things you need to know.
[01:33:52.360]Find out where they're going in and out
[01:33:54.320]so you can control 'em.
[01:33:55.780]Tightrope, a wire less than the thickness of my finger,
[01:33:59.560]they can crawl on, what we call a 10 gauge wire.
[01:34:02.170]Most house wire is 12 gauge,
[01:34:04.480]one gauge smaller than 10 gauge.
[01:34:07.275]10 gauge wire is smaller than a pencil
[01:34:10.300]but bigger than a house wire,
[01:34:11.950]and they can run right across that wire
[01:34:14.210]and get to the next location.
[01:34:16.066]They're very poor swimmers.
[01:34:18.352]They're great drowns, they drown very easily.
[01:34:21.640]You put a bucket up and they jump in
[01:34:23.300]or a big bucket for water for a dog or a horse,
[01:34:26.590]they'll jump in and drown.
[01:34:28.030]So remember that, they're very poor swimmers.
[01:34:31.040]They can squeeze in between a quarter
[01:34:32.720]and 3/8 of an inch hole.
[01:34:34.290]That's only about that big.
[01:34:35.870]They can go right in it no problem at all.
[01:34:39.940]Now, home range.
[01:34:41.320]Knowing how far they go is very important.
[01:34:43.620]Where you see their evidence, where they're feeding,
[01:34:46.032]most of 'em stay within two and three feet in the center.
[01:34:49.152]However, the females may wander out
[01:34:51.574]up to 15 foot, not much more.
[01:34:54.780]The males may go 20 foot out from
[01:34:56.610]the center of their home range.
[01:34:58.210]Now, the home range is that larger area, that 15 to 20 foot.
[01:35:02.730]That center is nesting or the territory of the male.
[01:35:06.520]That's only there would be two or three foot in diameter.
[01:35:09.290]So if they're satisfied, and there's food,
[01:35:11.920]and there's water, you need to put all your IPM materials
[01:35:14.889]in that center or at least in that home range.
[01:35:18.100]So remember these parameters.
[01:35:20.330]The other thing about 'em,
[01:35:21.530]lots of times we use baits or toxicants.
[01:35:23.950]So we're looking at their feeding behavior.
[01:35:25.680]What is the feeding behavior of a house mouse?
[01:35:28.270]Much different than other mice,
[01:35:29.860]much different than a rat that we'll talk about later.
[01:35:32.820]They need very little water, only about an ounce a day.
[01:35:37.820]Their food, about 10% of their body weight,
[01:35:41.480]and they're omnivorous which means they eat meat
[01:35:43.320]and they eat plant material as well.
[01:35:46.990]They're opportunistic, if it's there, they'll try it.
[01:35:49.501]If it smells okay, it doesn't smell like a toxicant,
[01:35:52.170]they'll try it.
[01:35:53.450]Now remember, if they don't have much water,
[01:35:56.020]they can make their own water.
[01:35:57.300]They'll go after sweet items.
[01:35:58.780]So if there's water around, they'll probably
[01:36:00.473]go after protein, 'cause they need water to digest protein,
[01:36:04.080]but they can metabolize moisture in their body
[01:36:07.000]through cellular metabolation by going after sweet items.
[01:36:10.560]So they'll go after sweet items
[01:36:11.940]when there's very little water,
[01:36:13.577]and they'll go after protein items
[01:36:15.240]when they have a lot of water.
[01:36:16.430]Remember that, that'll help you
[01:36:17.610]when you're choosing your baits.
[01:36:19.310]The other thing is their erratic trips
[01:36:21.010]all night long looking for food.
[01:36:23.020]They'll eat somewhere they find the food,
[01:36:24.660]and they may cash or bring some in
[01:36:26.740]to hide it in their location.
[01:36:28.570]The other thing about that,
[01:36:29.750]they're constantly making trips after their food.
[01:36:32.260]Reproduction, boy, you think rabbits can reproduce,
[01:36:34.900]what about mice?
[01:36:36.150]It only takes 30 days to sexual maturity.
[01:36:38.376]The pheromones in their urine attracts the male
[01:36:41.050]as soon as the female is in her continuous estrus
[01:36:43.455]from one estrus to the next.
[01:36:45.560]Within the 24 hours after giving birth,
[01:36:47.538]she'll probably mate again, and so that'll keep on going.
[01:36:50.776]So easily, from two mice, a male and female,
[01:36:54.014]at January 1st, if they all reproduce
[01:36:56.510]and those others reproduce,
[01:36:58.150]you'll have over 10,000 mice by the end of the year.
[01:37:01.140]That's an awful lot causing problems.
[01:37:03.180]Look for their tracks, look for their different things.
[01:37:06.033]Their droppings, they leave over 80 dropping a day
[01:37:09.420]just wherever they're at, they don't have a latrine.
[01:37:12.060]Those droppings are small, about a quarter inch,
[01:37:14.720]and they're pointed at both ends as you can see.
[01:37:17.117]Now, when they're leaving those droppings,
[01:37:19.540]that's a lot of contamination,
[01:37:21.100]a lot of problems that we have to avoid.
[01:37:23.240]Up in attics, they can also leave a lot of urine stains,
[01:37:26.770]a lot of problems, and they can chew into different things.
[01:37:30.250]Why are they chewing into these things?
[01:37:32.080]To get materials for nesting.
[01:37:33.980]So many times they'll go after cloth, or rubber,
[01:37:36.590]or stuff like that just for nesting material.
[01:37:39.560]We're gonna go over the Norway rat really quick
[01:37:41.410]in the next couple of minutes.
[01:37:42.750]They're much different, they're bigger.
[01:37:44.470]Their feet look bigger than their size.
[01:37:46.440]Their ears are bigger.
[01:37:47.650]Their eyes and their nose are more pointed forward.
[01:37:51.000]The other thing about the rat,
[01:37:52.030]the droppings are three to four times
[01:37:53.810]the size of the mouse droppings.
[01:37:56.317]Their footprints are twice the size of the mouse droppings,
[01:37:59.270]and you can see the claws.
[01:38:01.690]Now, their senses, four to six foot they can easily see.
[01:38:05.310]Still colorblind.
[01:38:06.920]Hearing, not quite as good as the mouse but still 30 hertz.
[01:38:10.870]Pretty good, not 45 hertz.
[01:38:12.691]They have taste.
[01:38:14.440]They taste things, unlike the mouse.
[01:38:16.920]So taste is very important when you're working with rats.
[01:38:19.880]Excellent smell, and they more smell the defecation,
[01:38:23.670]or the fecal material, not the urine of fellow rats,
[01:38:26.775]and they have those same whiskers
[01:38:28.890]and guard hairs all over their body.
[01:38:32.520]Their ability, much more capable.
[01:38:35.394]Five to six miles per hours,
[01:38:37.915]jump four foot straight up no problem,
[01:38:42.914]excuse me, eight foot straight up no problem.
[01:38:46.130]They can go place to place four foot.
[01:38:49.910]Vertical drop, believe it or not,
[01:38:51.590]there's a record of a rat dropping 100 foot and making it,
[01:38:55.300]but most of the time, 25 foot is their normal drop.
[01:39:00.390]Climb on two inch pipes no problem.
[01:39:05.240]Eight gauge wire, just the same as a mouse.
[01:39:08.150]They use their tail and they can tightrope,
[01:39:10.830]and excellent swimmers, unlike other animals.
[01:39:13.930]They're perfect swimmers.
[01:39:15.560]They can cause a lot of problems by swimming
[01:39:17.890]and even stay under water for quite a long time.
[01:39:20.910]They can squeeze through 3/8 to a half inch hole.
[01:39:24.300]That's all they need.
[01:39:26.260]So when you're thinking about rats getting in
[01:39:28.930]or any commensal rodents, know their abilities
[01:39:31.991]and watch out for them, 'cause they can easily be around,
[01:39:35.671]because rats go a lot further, their center may be only
[01:39:39.220]about 10 foot, but they can travel easily 500 foot around,
[01:39:42.972]and they like to cash their food,
[01:39:45.980]only make a couple trips and they're gonna hide their food.
[01:39:49.150]So they'll bring it in, hide it in one place,
[01:39:51.468]and then you can find that area
[01:39:53.612]and work on that area to take care of it.
[01:39:56.050]A wide variety of food, and they're leery about new foods.
[01:40:00.210]So remember all these abilities
[01:40:02.460]when you're trying to do rat control,
[01:40:04.169]or mouse control, or any rodent control.
[01:40:07.270]Learn the abilities of the foe, or your enemy,
[01:40:10.160]and then you'll be able to conquer them.
[01:40:11.970](upbeat music)
[01:40:24.100]We're gonna quickly, for a very short time,
[01:40:25.980]talk about other vertebrates like bats and birds.
[01:40:28.930]One thing we'll start off with is bats.
[01:40:30.930]Remember, bats are not rodents,
[01:40:32.830]and very few bats cause problems.
[01:40:34.610]It's usually just a big brown bat that gets into structures
[01:40:37.330]and scares people or can leave defecation
[01:40:40.408]or some diseases around a dwelling or a structure.
[01:40:44.110]So that's when we wanna control bats,
[01:40:46.090]and that's when bats become a pest.
[01:40:47.910]Most of the time, they're flying around,
[01:40:49.890]they're not carrying diseases,
[01:40:51.610]and they're eating a lot of moths
[01:40:53.630]and even some mosquitoes here and there.
[01:40:55.340]So they're beneficial to some degree.
[01:40:57.950]Now, they are a flying mammal,
[01:40:59.389]and so they have very poor flying abilities.
[01:41:02.840]They're not like a bird, but they can also crawl on
[01:41:05.560]the ground, and they do have claws
[01:41:07.440]for scratching into different things,
[01:41:09.530]but the claws are very, very delicate
[01:41:11.540]and they have a hard time scratching through
[01:41:13.470]anything other than a thin paper or plastic,
[01:41:16.290]and they can't chew through much,
[01:41:18.040]so they can get in only where there's
[01:41:19.910]a hole already available.
[01:41:21.800]When we think about it, they're causing a great benefit
[01:41:24.730]for us, and that's how a lot of people see them
[01:41:26.830]is at night when they're flying under lights
[01:41:28.800]around their porch eating insects.
[01:41:31.190]When they're doing that, they're not a pest
[01:41:33.120]'cause they're probably not landing in the house
[01:41:35.140]and they're probably not causing problems.
[01:41:37.000]They're straying away from people
[01:41:38.650]and just flying after those things.
[01:41:40.560]They also get water by going over pools or bird baths.
[01:41:44.760]They have to get water on the flight.
[01:41:46.680]So when people see that happening, it's again,
[01:41:49.670]not a problem, they're not contaminating the water.
[01:41:52.290]It's when they get into homes they can cause a problem,
[01:41:54.490]and when they do that, it's sometimes gonna be a big problem
[01:41:57.510]'cause bats are gregarious.
[01:41:59.260]They form big colonies of over 100,
[01:42:01.570]and when you have 100 bats in one attic,
[01:42:04.220]that's over a lot of droppings over a small period of time,
[01:42:08.840]and that's when they can cause some problems,
[01:42:10.770]and that's when we would have to work with them,
[01:42:12.960]exclude 'em, and cause 'em not to cause problems.
[01:42:15.780]How do we know we have bats?
[01:42:17.230]Well, you see 'em flying around at night,
[01:42:18.970]coming out of the structure or flying around the structure,
[01:42:22.100]not just flying around the lights to get food.
[01:42:24.570]They leave rub marks as you can see right here,
[01:42:27.290]look at all those rub marks on that house,
[01:42:29.068]and they can also cause a lot of sound before they fly
[01:42:33.220]and we'll hear those noises, but the biggest telltale sign
[01:42:36.560]that they're around there is their droppings.
[01:42:39.000]Their droppings are brightly speckled,
[01:42:42.180]and they're pointed at one end and round down the other end,
[01:42:45.050]and if we look really closely at 'em,
[01:42:46.610]you can see they're nothing like a rat dropping,
[01:42:48.530]they're much smaller, and they're not pointed on both ends
[01:42:51.550]or smooth like a mouse dropping, and they sparkle.
[01:42:54.910]The reason they sparkle, because it's full of exoskeletons
[01:42:58.130]from the insects they've been eating.
[01:42:59.750]If you tease it apart, this is what it's gonna look like,
[01:43:02.550]all the exoskeletons from all
[01:43:04.370]the insects they've been feeding on.
[01:43:06.126]Look around the structure.
[01:43:07.940]How are they getting in?
[01:43:09.200]Remember, the holes have to be there.
[01:43:11.200]Do they always get in on the roof level?
[01:43:13.130]No, sometimes they get in on the bottom level.
[01:43:16.200]They'll come in in the basement and then go up to the roof.
[01:43:18.388]So look at all areas.
[01:43:20.660]Of course, most of the time, they're at a higher level
[01:43:22.890]'cause they don't wanna be where predators are,
[01:43:24.800]but definitely don't underestimate the fact
[01:43:27.470]that they can go to a lower level,
[01:43:29.460]and when you're in those areas, look for droppings,
[01:43:32.110]look for places where they can be all huddled in
[01:43:34.520]at one area, and you'll see 'em up there sleeping
[01:43:37.100]during the day, and you look at 'em,
[01:43:38.730]they may even squeak at you when you shine a light at 'em.
[01:43:40.680]Don't be scared, just remember that,
[01:43:43.290]and then have to go through a way to get 'em out.
[01:43:45.650]When you're doing bat exclusion, you have to make sure
[01:43:48.920]the bats are out of the building,
[01:43:50.780]or they'll end up getting into the living quarters,
[01:43:52.960]and another thing to remember
[01:43:54.360]is bats have young, they have nurseries.
[01:43:56.830]So we have a little saying in Nebraska.
[01:43:58.731]Before July, let 'em fly, don't exclude.
[01:44:02.940]After July is a time that all the young of the year
[01:44:05.637]are flying out every night and then you can your exclusion.
[01:44:09.170]So wait 'til it's July and then you can do your exclusion,
[01:44:13.370]and you need to exclude all the bats
[01:44:15.300]out of the structure as much as possible.
[01:44:17.200]How do you make sure they're out and don't get back in?
[01:44:19.910]There's many different ways.
[01:44:21.230]I like to use netting over where
[01:44:22.910]I think they're coming in and out.
[01:44:24.360]They'll come down, fly out, and they won't know how
[01:44:27.290]to get back in, 'cause what they'll do is they'll try
[01:44:29.870]to get back in at the upper level of the netting
[01:44:31.950]and not go underneath where they came out.
[01:44:34.230]There's also many other things available today
[01:44:36.440]on the market, these one-way funnel traps
[01:44:39.410]that allow the bats to go out but not come back in
[01:44:41.840]because of the hole is so skinny at one end.
[01:44:44.500]So use these devices.
[01:44:46.151]In maybe two or three weeks of using these devices
[01:44:49.210]to make sure the bats are gone before you exclude 'em,
[01:44:52.560]and then when you exclude 'em,
[01:44:54.010]you wanna make sure you exclude all entries
[01:44:57.440]that are less than, excuse me, more than a quarter inch
[01:44:59.900]in size and even those less than a quarter inch.
[01:45:02.090]You might as well caulk them up, and you can use anything
[01:45:04.440]'cause they can't chew through just regular silicone caulk.
[01:45:08.110]Nice, chewy silicone caulk will stop it.
[01:45:10.660]Make sure it's weatherproof, make sure it's waterproof,
[01:45:13.120]make sure it's heatproof, and you can use any kind
[01:45:15.690]of netting to stop 'em if it's a bigger hole
[01:45:17.920]or netting behind different things like louvers
[01:45:21.440]or shutters to stop them from going in and out.
[01:45:24.130]If they can't go through the shutters,
[01:45:25.750]they hit the netting, they'll go elsewhere.
[01:45:27.831]Remember, there are no toxicants
[01:45:30.420]or poisons legally on the market in Nebraska,
[01:45:33.690]or most of the whole United States, for use on bats,
[01:45:36.690]and they won't eat 'em anyway.
[01:45:37.910]They eat flying insects.
[01:45:38.940]How do you poison a flying moth?
[01:45:40.600]You can't, okay?
[01:45:42.040]So remember, exclusion is the way to go.
[01:45:44.890]Now, birds, another flying vertebrate
[01:45:47.490]that can cause a lot of problems.
[01:45:48.890]In Nebraska, we have three that cause problems,
[01:45:51.650]the pigeon over there, the sparrow here,
[01:45:54.400]and then the starling right above me.
[01:45:56.740]Oop, that starling might drop something on me,
[01:45:58.540]and that's their biggest problem.
[01:46:00.320]Now, when we're taking care of these birds,
[01:46:02.130]remember, their droppings are just as toxic to us
[01:46:06.210]as other things, and we have to be careful.
[01:46:08.520]Protect yourself.
[01:46:09.850]The droppings carry diseases, they can cause a lot
[01:46:12.610]of problems, and they also deteriorate buildings.
[01:46:15.440]So clean up the droppings properly
[01:46:17.351]and protect yourself from the droppings,
[01:46:19.660]and that's the biggest part.
[01:46:20.900]Another thing birds do is they
[01:46:22.860]can cause small aircraft to come down.
[01:46:25.140]Even a big bird can do that.
[01:46:28.120]Exclusion is number one, okay?
[01:46:30.660]If you can exclude the birds, do it, okay?
[01:46:33.900]Netting, porcupine wire, and there's all different types
[01:46:37.090]of porcupine wire, it's stainless steel, it lasts forever
[01:46:39.570]than the plastic that you have to replace,
[01:46:41.600]and there's also, they like a ledge,
[01:46:44.250]if you can cause the ledge to be a slant,
[01:46:46.290]you don't have a problem.
[01:46:48.300]Now, you can also trap.
[01:46:50.250]Birds are fairly easy to trap,
[01:46:51.830]and then you can make sure you're
[01:46:53.190]not getting non-target birds, 'cause remember,
[01:46:54.973]there's only three birds that are pests that you can
[01:46:57.820]take care of across the board in the state of Nebraska.
[01:47:01.070]All the rest of our birds in the state are protected
[01:47:03.960]in one way or another or there's a season on 'em.
[01:47:06.330]So remember, pigeons, starlings, and house sparrows
[01:47:09.200]are the only three that you can eradicate
[01:47:11.050]in any way or form any time of the year,
[01:47:13.780]but trapping is easy with these
[01:47:15.350]because they feed off the ground.
[01:47:17.111]Now, there is some repellents.
[01:47:18.970]These are chemical repellents.
[01:47:20.400]One goes by the brand name, and this is just one brand name
[01:47:23.780]of the chemical, that's a bait called Avitrol.
[01:47:26.120]It doesn't kill 'em, it makes 'em sick
[01:47:27.770]and they give an alarm call.
[01:47:29.070]There's another one out there under several brand names
[01:47:31.910]that the odor makes 'em fly away.
[01:47:33.545]These are a little bit expensive, but they work fairly well.
[01:47:36.700]If you're gonna use toxicants,
[01:47:38.150]and there's several toxicants out there
[01:47:39.911]that restrict the use for bird control,
[01:47:41.810]you have to use the right toxicant,
[01:47:43.410]the Starlicide for the starling,
[01:47:45.160]the Pigeocide for the pigeons, there's Avicide
[01:47:47.620]for pigeons for the pigeons,
[01:47:48.940]and the Sparrowcide for the sparrows.
[01:47:51.040]Pre-bait, pre-bait, pre-bait.
[01:47:52.910]It's on the label, it's the law,
[01:47:54.930]and it's the only way baits are to work for birds.
[01:47:57.630]You put good corn out there that's the same size
[01:48:00.188]as the corn with the toxicant,
[01:48:01.797]and you make sure only the targets are feeding on it,
[01:48:04.850]and you put it out in a way that only the targets
[01:48:07.270]can feed at it, like these starlings.
[01:48:09.210]This is made so the small birds won't get in there
[01:48:11.367]and the bigger birds won't get in there,
[01:48:12.770]but the starlings do.
[01:48:14.230]Pre-bait, pre-bait, and observe before you use toxicants,
[01:48:17.770]and follow all label directions,
[01:48:20.190]and that's how we can control our pest birds.
[01:48:22.344](upbeat music)
[01:48:35.190]Hello, my name is Trevor Johnson.
[01:48:36.760]I'm the Certification Training and Worker Safety Specialist
[01:48:39.191]with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture,
[01:48:41.207]and today, I'm gonna tell you a few things about
[01:48:43.410]the laws and regulations as they pertain
[01:48:45.260]to the structural health pest control category.
[01:48:49.930]First, there's the FIFRA which is the Federal Insecticide,
[01:48:53.620]Fungicide, and Insecticide, Federal Insecticide,
[01:48:57.150]Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
[01:48:59.270]This is a federal law that covers
[01:49:00.850]all pesticide registration, classification,
[01:49:03.271]labeling, distribution, use, and disposal,
[01:49:07.680]and then we also have a state law which is
[01:49:09.910]the Nebraska Pesticide Act.
[01:49:11.910]This law was enacted in 1993.
[01:49:14.529]It outlines laws specific to pesticide application
[01:49:17.910]in Nebraska, and it's typically more stringent
[01:49:21.080]than the regulations set down by FIFRA.
[01:49:25.870]So first of all, who needs a license?
[01:49:28.432]Any applicator applying general
[01:49:31.070]or restricted use pesticides in the structural
[01:49:34.170]or wood destroying organisms categories
[01:49:36.080]are required to have a license.
[01:49:38.400]There's three types of licenses, commercial,
[01:49:40.570]noncommercial, and private.
[01:49:42.420]A private license doesn't really pertain to this category,
[01:49:44.830]but I'll tell you a little bit about commercial
[01:49:47.330]and noncommercial licenses.
[01:49:49.290]So a commercial license is required of anyone applying
[01:49:52.170]pesticides to the property of another person
[01:49:54.250]for hire or compensation.
[01:49:56.460]A noncommercial license is for people applying pesticides
[01:50:00.240]to property owned or directly controlled by their employer.
[01:50:04.620]It's specific to a single employer,
[01:50:06.150]so we do ask that you update your employment information
[01:50:08.990]if it changes, and category eight does not cover
[01:50:13.191]area-wide mosquito control.
[01:50:15.830]So in order to get that license, you need category nine.
[01:50:21.790]All right, and so now some laws and regulations.
[01:50:23.960]The label is the law.
[01:50:25.772]There's a statement that's on
[01:50:27.210]every label approved by the EPA.
[01:50:30.010]It is a violation of federal law to use this pesticide
[01:50:33.260]in a manner inconsistent with its labeling,
[01:50:36.000]and it is your, the applicator's, responsibility
[01:50:38.120]to read and comply with all directions
[01:50:40.220]provided on the label.
[01:50:44.409]So there's certain language on the label
[01:50:46.090]that you must comply with.
[01:50:47.511]This language would include words such as must, do,
[01:50:51.070]do not, and then there's also suggestive language,
[01:50:54.340]which isn't a requirement but it acts as a guide,
[01:50:57.240]and these words would be should or may.
[01:51:02.740]So some specific laws related to
[01:51:04.540]the structural health category would
[01:51:05.900]be laws regarding bait stations.
[01:51:08.172]There's a number of federal regulations specific
[01:51:11.090]to bait stations and their use,
[01:51:14.010]things such as how they're secured,
[01:51:16.310]where they can be placed,
[01:51:17.450]and the type of bait that is used in them,
[01:51:19.800]and you can refer to the product labels
[01:51:21.690]for all these regulations.
[01:51:26.665]In Nebraska, we have required recordkeeping.
[01:51:28.719]All applications of structural pesticides
[01:51:32.000]have specific recordkeeping requirements.
[01:51:34.345]This would include both restricted
[01:51:36.910]and general use pesticides.
[01:51:39.840]It's especially important in this category
[01:51:41.600]to be very specific in your recordkeeping,
[01:51:43.966]and it's also very helpful to use
[01:51:46.084]a sketch of your application site.
[01:51:49.670]This would really help out our inspectors
[01:51:51.380]when they're making a recordkeeping inspection,
[01:51:54.210]and so they know exactly how
[01:51:55.700]and where you applied the pesticide.
[01:52:00.160]Here are a few of the items of information
[01:52:02.585]that you need in your recordkeeping requirements,
[01:52:07.300]and all of these records must be maintained
[01:52:09.340]for a minimum of three years.
[01:52:11.330]They must be recorded within 48 hours
[01:52:13.420]of the pesticide application
[01:52:15.160]and kept at the principle place of business.
[01:52:18.560]At the bottom, I've included some recordkeeping resources.
[01:52:21.030]We have an NDA brochure.
[01:52:22.964]That could also be found on our website here.
[01:52:28.130]Thank you for listening, and good luck on your exams.
[01:52:31.044](upbeat music)
[01:52:43.200]We've heard a lot of valuable information today.
[01:52:45.850]We hope that this information helps you
[01:52:47.490]when dealing with structural health related pests
[01:52:49.970]and informs you on the situations that they can cause
[01:52:52.870]and how you can help put the client at ease.
[01:52:55.484](upbeat music)

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Structural Health 08 - recertification

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