Controlling Eastern Redcedar: Mechanical Treatments or Prescribed Fire?
Erin McCready
Author
04/30/2019
Added
171
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Description
Science has shown that mechanical control of cedar has not performed up to expectations of controlling cedar invasion at desired scales. Mechanical treatments are expensive and target a single invasion stage. While, prescribed fire can target seeds, seedlings, small trees, large trees and stands in a single application. Mechanical methods have greater risks to users, while, prescribed fire has a risk of escape (less than 1% of all fires). Cedar control programs, should evaluate these options with regard to management goals and local conditions.
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- [00:00:00.204](upbeat theme music)
- [00:00:04.380]People will often ask, like,
- [00:00:05.410]how can I control Eastern redcedar spread
- [00:00:08.050]in abundance mechanically.
- [00:00:09.890]And it's a great challenge,
- [00:00:11.680]because mechanical is so expensive.
- [00:00:14.050]So, if we start the question on
- [00:00:16.060]how do we use mechanical control,
- [00:00:18.490]it ignores that there's challenges of it working
- [00:00:21.130]in the first place.
- [00:00:22.080]Heavy machinery for high-density Eastern redcedar
- [00:00:25.060]is so expensive, it only works on small areas.
- [00:00:27.810]If you use hand shears or hand cutting,
- [00:00:31.060]when trees are establishing,
- [00:00:33.250]you're seeing an increase in landowner investment
- [00:00:37.190]of time and effort,
- [00:00:38.140]which of course time is money.
- [00:00:39.800]So they're having to reduce their profit margins
- [00:00:41.940]by managing something they didn't have to before.
- [00:00:44.150]When we ask the question of
- [00:00:45.650]how can mechanical equipment be used
- [00:00:47.320]to control Eastern redcedar,
- [00:00:49.160]the challenge is that science
- [00:00:50.830]is now establishing that it's not as successful
- [00:00:54.300]as it's been touted for 50 years.
- [00:00:56.850]It's not working and performing up to expectations.
- [00:01:05.160]There's new science that's coming out
- [00:01:07.230]that shows how fire differs from mechanical control.
- [00:01:10.650]If you have a fire that occurs in the system,
- [00:01:13.180]it can consume seeds that were spread,
- [00:01:16.710]it can consume seedlings
- [00:01:18.710]that are hidden in the herbaceous layer,
- [00:01:20.460]it can consume taller plants.
- [00:01:23.490]It can consume multiple plants clustered together.
- [00:01:26.790]So it can do everything from a seed
- [00:01:29.100]to larger clusters of stands all together.
- [00:01:32.570]No other technique does that, which explains why
- [00:01:35.577]we were so sensitive to fire historically.
- [00:01:38.180]Mechanical targets one of those.
- [00:01:40.920]We often use mechanical on stands, so you clear a stand.
- [00:01:44.700]And we don't do it on individual trees.
- [00:01:46.840]Well, then seed sources are coming back in
- [00:01:48.880]where there used to be a stand, and it rapidly recovers.
- [00:01:52.040]We might cut individual trees with chainsaws,
- [00:01:55.170]but it takes a lot more time
- [00:01:56.840]and investment of money to do a stand.
- [00:01:58.680]Haying actually works for seedlings,
- [00:02:01.330]but they're often doing it, not knowing it controls cedar,
- [00:02:04.440]but it's an added component.
- [00:02:06.740]So, if you're actually gonna have a mechanically-based
- [00:02:09.820]management strategy, you have to have hand cutting
- [00:02:14.110]for seedlings, you might have patches that you can hay,
- [00:02:18.100]but you can't get everywhere.
- [00:02:19.150]You might use chainsaws,
- [00:02:20.360]you might use heavy machinery that clears it.
- [00:02:24.840]They only focus on one step of the process.
- [00:02:33.720]Mechanical is much more dangerous given the data
- [00:02:38.570]to practitioners and users, which is surprising to people.
- [00:02:42.290]But even looking at US Bureau of Labor statistics,
- [00:02:45.880]being a wildfire fighter has lower rates of fatal injuries
- [00:02:50.650]than being a forester,
- [00:02:52.360]being an agricultural producer or a rancher.
- [00:02:54.820]And most of the fatal injuries are tied to heavy machinery.
- [00:02:59.080]It's more dangerous to users.
- [00:03:00.730]We know that a lot of people that
- [00:03:03.060]do mechanical removal of cedar,
- [00:03:05.950]have started to express the dangers to them as the operator.
- [00:03:09.820]Now, fire, while safer to the operator,
- [00:03:13.470]and much lower risks than even a wildfire fighter,
- [00:03:17.010]much lower risks than what agriculture producers
- [00:03:19.270]and ranchers do every day with heavy machinery,
- [00:03:22.600]given the data, the perception of risk
- [00:03:24.830]is tied to neighbors, is tied to other groups.
- [00:03:27.770]So, those data are associated with rates of escape.
- [00:03:33.850]So, rates of escape for prescribed fires
- [00:03:36.870]in the private sector and with agencies
- [00:03:38.990]are less than one percent of all prescribed fires,
- [00:03:41.410]given the data that's out there, and the science.
- [00:03:44.910]Prescribed fires are generally conducted
- [00:03:46.800]in very low range of conditions
- [00:03:49.240]that are meant to be controlled.
- [00:03:50.930]So, even those escapes that get out,
- [00:03:53.160]it's not like typical wildfire conditions of drought,
- [00:03:56.010]high wind speeds.
- [00:03:57.590]Prescribed fires are rarely done ever in a drought,
- [00:04:01.470]and they explicitly today avoid high wind speeds.
- [00:04:04.550]So, mechanical, more dangerous to operators,
- [00:04:07.610]of course it's not going to pose a risk, typically,
- [00:04:11.140]to your neighbors.
- [00:04:12.552]Prescribed fire, safer for operators, but of course
- [00:04:15.828]there's a greater risk of escape than mechanical.
- [00:04:18.390]So, that's what groups are trying to balance here.
- [00:04:21.659](upbeat theme music)
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