Connecting Verbal Behavior Programs with Natural Environment Training -Part 2

Deb Rauner, M.Ed. Author

01/15/2019 Added

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This webinar will focus on teaching and generalizing verbal behavior skills in the natural environment. Easy to use strategies to help students connect their verbal behavior skills to activities in the natural environment will be shared. Generalization of skills in the natural environment leads to more independence and successful participation in a variety of activities.

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[00:00:21.490]Hi, I'm Deb Rauner, your presenter today.
[00:00:24.890]I currently am a verbal behavior trainer
[00:00:27.830]as well as an autism consultant.
[00:00:30.390]Formerly I was a special education teacher
[00:00:33.260]as well as a behavior specialist.
[00:00:36.650]Today I want you to walk away from this webinar
[00:00:39.940]with the knowledge of what verbal operants are,
[00:00:42.780]how to teach new skills in the natural environment
[00:00:46.010]using Errorless Teaching Procedures,
[00:00:48.530]and to learn some new strategies
[00:00:50.520]on generalizing skills into the natural environment.
[00:00:54.710]Many students learn language skills
[00:00:57.150]in a verbal behavior format.
[00:00:59.400]This format uses verbal operants,
[00:01:01.920]which are the building blocks
[00:01:03.140]of language and learning skills.
[00:01:05.250]We can connect these skills to the natural environment
[00:01:08.390]through generalization strategies.
[00:01:10.920]We can also use this format to teach a variety of skills
[00:01:14.650]right in the natural environment.
[00:01:16.830]All of these strategies together
[00:01:18.850]will aid the student's successful participation
[00:01:21.870]in a variety of environments.
[00:01:24.060]So let's get started.
[00:01:25.870]Let's learn how to use
[00:01:26.990]Natural environment training strategies
[00:01:29.600]as an extension of a verbal behavior program.
[00:01:32.670]All of the forms we look at
[00:01:34.410]are available to you electronically.
[00:01:38.730]Let's do a quick review of verbal behavior instruction.
[00:01:42.590]Verbal behavior is any behavior
[00:01:44.670]that communicates your needs to anyone.
[00:01:47.400]This includes using vocal speech,
[00:01:49.660]using pictures, sign language, or an augmentative device.
[00:01:54.140]Verbal behavior instruction is based on the work
[00:01:56.940]of B.F. Skinner and utilizes the principles
[00:01:59.980]of Applied Behavior Analysis.
[00:02:03.470]Applied Behavior Analysis is one of
[00:02:05.547]the most evidence based sets of strategies for instruction.
[00:02:09.780]It is based on the format of look at antecedents
[00:02:12.980]and consequences that surround a skill or behavior.
[00:02:16.960]When we talk about behavior,
[00:02:18.630]we aren't just referring to appropriate
[00:02:20.467]or inappropriate social skills,
[00:02:23.130]for example, hitting or screaming.
[00:02:25.290]Behavior means anything that a student does.
[00:02:28.140]It can be language, academic and functional skill,
[00:02:31.630]as well as social skill related.
[00:02:35.640]We use Verbal Behavior Instruction
[00:02:38.100]because it has many benefits.
[00:02:40.150]It uses effective teaching methods
[00:02:42.510]that are fun for the student.
[00:02:44.270]Staff also notices that many inappropriate behaviors
[00:02:47.770]are reduced when using errorless teach strategies.
[00:02:51.710]Most importantly, Verbal Behavior Instruction
[00:02:54.660]helps students be successful in a variety of settings,
[00:02:57.667]including one to one sessions, in the classroom,
[00:03:01.354]at home, and in the community.
[00:03:05.400]Verbal Behavior Instruction is based on
[00:03:07.660]teaching verbal operants.
[00:03:09.627]B.F. Skinner tells us that the major components of language
[00:03:13.040]are verbal operants.
[00:03:13.873]Tacts are labels of objects, pictures,
[00:03:17.040]actions, or properties.
[00:03:19.170]Imitation skills are copying someone's actions.
[00:03:23.080]Receptive discrimination tasks
[00:03:25.530]involve choosing objects or pictures from an array.
[00:03:29.370]Receptive listener responding is simply following
[00:03:32.830]any direction or touching your clothing,
[00:03:36.040]body parts, et cetera.
[00:03:40.640]FFC stands for answering questions
[00:03:44.100]by choosing or labeling items
[00:03:46.510]based on their function, feature, or class.
[00:03:49.810]Intraverbals are skills where the student
[00:03:52.540]answers questions, fills in the blank,
[00:03:56.020]or converses with others without a visual cue.
[00:04:00.150]Vocal imitation or echoics
[00:04:02.750]is simply repeating sounds, words, or phrases.
[00:04:06.680]Matching or visual performance skills
[00:04:09.300]involve matching, sorting, sequencing, and puzzles.
[00:04:13.200]The last operant is manding,
[00:04:15.460]which is requesting items, actions, or information.
[00:04:20.620]It's time for our first polling question.
[00:04:23.510]Which statement is most correct?
[00:04:26.620]A, Verbal Behavior Instruction
[00:04:28.927]is only done by speech therapists.
[00:04:32.160]B, Verbal Behavior Instruction
[00:04:34.640]requires a student to be vocal.
[00:04:37.164]C, verbal behavior is a program
[00:04:40.250]based on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis.
[00:04:44.050]Or D, verbal behavior is not made up
[00:04:47.640]of building blocks of language called operants.
[00:04:51.900]The correct answer is C.
[00:04:54.380]Verbal Behavior Instruction was developed
[00:04:56.940]by B.F. Skinner using his principles
[00:04:59.710]of Applied Behavior Analysis.
[00:05:04.620]Verbal Behavior Instruction can occur in the classroom
[00:05:07.860]during Intensive Teaching Sessions.
[00:05:10.670]Verbal Behavior Instruction can also occur
[00:05:13.290]in the natural environment in two ways.
[00:05:16.380]The first is to initially teach the skill
[00:05:19.360]using Errorless Teaching Procedures
[00:05:21.570]while in the natural environment.
[00:05:23.860]The second is to work on generalizing skills
[00:05:26.970]in the natural environment.
[00:05:29.700]There are two types of skill items in Errorless Teaching.
[00:05:33.780]The first are known items,
[00:05:35.700]which means previously mastered items.
[00:05:38.700]Known items can be found on assessments.
[00:05:41.630]The second type is target items,
[00:05:43.840]which are those items that are targeted for mastery.
[00:05:47.410]We use Errorless Teaching when teaching target skills.
[00:05:51.580]80% of all trials in Intensive Teaching
[00:05:55.460]should usually be easy or known skills.
[00:05:59.030]20% of all trials are usually target skills
[00:06:02.380]and/or correction of errors.
[00:06:06.380]The Errorless Teaching Procedure involves
[00:06:08.900]the use of a sequence of four trials.
[00:06:11.650]The first is the Prompt Trial.
[00:06:13.730]We ask the question and then quickly prompt
[00:06:16.470]the correct response.
[00:06:18.120]Next is the Transfer Trial, you ask the same question again
[00:06:22.790]this time without a prompt.
[00:06:24.810]The purpose of the Transfer Trial is to fade the prompt.
[00:06:28.790]Then comes the Distract Trial.
[00:06:31.060]Here the teacher asked one or two known items,
[00:06:34.230]these are used to place easy responses in the sequence.
[00:06:38.480]Finally, there's the check trial where you ask
[00:06:41.140]the original question.
[00:06:42.860]This serves to assess or check whether the student remains
[00:06:46.870]able to demonstrate the skill
[00:06:48.890]after some easy known skills.
[00:06:52.040]Let's look at Errorless Teaching in the natural environment.
[00:06:55.890]The student in this video is a typically developing child
[00:06:59.850]but the purpose of video is to show how the procedure is
[00:07:03.300]used in teaching the skill of putting
[00:07:05.920]a cup in the dishwasher in the natural environment.
[00:07:09.580]Watch for the sequence of four trials.
[00:07:12.100]Prompt, Transfer, Distract, and Check.
[00:07:16.380]Okay, ready?
[00:07:19.531]Put in.
[00:07:23.981]Put in.
[00:07:26.229]What color is that?
[00:07:27.062]Red.
[00:07:28.037]What color is that one?
[00:07:28.870]Yellow.
[00:07:29.918]And what's this whole thing called?
[00:07:31.160]Dishwasher.
[00:07:32.444]Put in, nice job Samson, you put the cups in.
[00:07:38.244]Time for our second polling question.
[00:07:41.420]It's a simple true or false question.
[00:07:44.210]You can use Errorless Teaching both in
[00:07:46.910]Intensive Teaching Sessions and in the natural environment?
[00:07:51.700]The correct answer is true, you can use the technique of
[00:07:55.530]Errorless Teaching both when working with
[00:07:57.537]the student during Intensive Teaching Sessions as well as
[00:08:01.420]when teaching a new target skill in the natural environment.
[00:08:06.940]Next let's begin to think about
[00:08:09.420]instruction in the natural environment
[00:08:11.870]as you watch the video on the next slide.
[00:08:17.567](upbeat music)
[00:08:25.130]Where's the maracas?
[00:08:26.300]There they are.
[00:08:27.180]Where's the drums?
[00:08:28.450]Natural Environment Training, ensuring that our students
[00:08:31.600]can respond not only in structured settings,
[00:08:33.950]but in their natural environment that the skills taught
[00:08:36.930]in a structured setting can be generalized
[00:08:39.490]to all environments that they are exposed to.
[00:08:42.122](clapping)
[00:08:43.130]He's riding on a bus.
[00:08:45.040]We make sure that all classrooms
[00:08:47.350]are putting emphasis on natural environment Teaching.
[00:08:50.990]And what this means is that
[00:08:52.400]they're systematically planning for opportunities
[00:08:55.210]to teach students to respond outside of
[00:08:57.360]the Intensive Teaching Sessions.
[00:08:59.320]Dog.
[00:09:00.730]Dog.
[00:09:01.629]Dog!
[00:09:02.462]Down the road what we're looking for
[00:09:03.780]is to have the students be able to respond
[00:09:06.130]in different environments outside of that classroom,
[00:09:08.860]being able to respond when they're in the cafeteria,
[00:09:10.710]out in the playground, out in the community.
[00:09:12.790]Every activity is an opportunity to teach
[00:09:15.787]the verbal operates, to teach the behaviors
[00:09:17.920]that we're trying to field for the students.
[00:09:20.270]What's this called?
[00:09:21.620]Apple!
[00:09:22.453]Good, what's an apple Andrew?
[00:09:23.440]A fruit.
[00:09:24.273]Good, and what color is it Dennis?
[00:09:25.398]Red.
[00:09:26.231]Good, and what is it Tommy?
[00:09:27.970]Apple!
[00:09:28.803]Good.
[00:09:29.636]Natural Environment training
[00:09:30.469]ensures that the students can utilize
[00:09:32.610]those skills learned in the Intensive Teaching
[00:09:34.620]or more direct instruction setting
[00:09:36.530]in their everyday lives.
[00:09:38.410]For more information visit the PaTTAN website.
[00:09:48.260]We know that often students with autism
[00:09:51.010]have difficulties with generalizing skills taught
[00:09:54.110]one on one in the classroom into the natural environment.
[00:09:57.960]To aid generalization the skills learned should be
[00:10:00.770]intentionally applied across settings
[00:10:03.130]and individuals to help the child
[00:10:05.390]interact meaningfully with their environment.
[00:10:10.930]Generalizing verbal behavior skills involves
[00:10:14.270]the student using their skills across time,
[00:10:17.530]across settings, across staff, and across stimuli.
[00:10:23.550]Some strategies that we can use to work on
[00:10:26.210]generalizing known skills taught in a one-on-one setting
[00:10:29.590]into the natural environment include
[00:10:32.410]Natural Environment Training plans, verbal modules,
[00:10:36.280]small group instruction, using books and magazines,
[00:10:40.360]job boxes, or sometimes referred to as Structured Teaching,
[00:10:43.920]and working walks.
[00:10:47.690]Let's first look at a variety of
[00:10:49.490]Natural Environment Training or NET, lesson plans
[00:10:53.620]for a variety of learners.
[00:10:55.290]And then a net plan for secondary students.
[00:10:58.540]Then we will look at a verbal module example
[00:11:01.080]followed by a Small Group Lesson Plan Template.
[00:11:04.660]Finally, we will look at a net data sheet
[00:11:07.480]to help with documentation.
[00:11:09.330]Remember, you will be able to access
[00:11:11.018]these forms electronically.
[00:11:14.280]The first example of a net lesson plan uses
[00:11:18.200]the verbal operants to plan instruction.
[00:11:20.700]In this case with doll play.
[00:11:23.010]The example also looks at early, intermediate,
[00:11:25.950]and advanced learners.
[00:11:27.670]As you look at the skills you can see the difference in
[00:11:30.560]the types of questions based on difficulty.
[00:11:33.760]Having a lesson plan like this allows
[00:11:36.040]all staff, volunteers, and parents to know
[00:11:39.290]what skills to work on with a particular student.
[00:11:42.480]The goal is to take skills that
[00:11:44.320]the student has already mastered and use them
[00:11:47.140]in a new environment with new materials,
[00:11:50.030]and perhaps with new adults or peers.
[00:11:52.890]While this is an example of a play skill the format
[00:11:56.200]can be used for a variety of skills for any age level.
[00:12:01.350]This slide is a template that you can use to plan a lesson
[00:12:05.030]in the natural environment for an individual student,
[00:12:08.250]or several students.
[00:12:09.790]It is based on using verbal operants to generalize
[00:12:12.893]known skills to new activities.
[00:12:18.210]This is an example of the Lesson Plan Template being used
[00:12:21.910]for a secondary student as he works on generalizing
[00:12:25.600]a variety of skills in home living.
[00:12:28.040]Vocational, community, and leisure activities.
[00:12:33.690]Verbal modules are another way of presenting a variety of
[00:12:37.130]verbal operant skills using everyday materials
[00:12:40.510]in the student's natural environment.
[00:12:42.900]Verbal modules help you understand language acquisition by
[00:12:46.610]showing you how one vocabulary word can be used
[00:12:49.830]in numerous verbal operants.
[00:12:52.940]This is an example of a verbal module for the word dog.
[00:12:56.750]As you interact with the dog
[00:12:58.520]which could be an actual dog or a toy dog,
[00:13:01.630]you can work on a variety of verbal operants.
[00:13:04.670]This is an easy way to work on generalizing
[00:13:07.150]those previously learned skills in a new environment.
[00:13:10.700]Verbal modules are especially easy
[00:13:12.950]for parents to use at home.
[00:13:16.120]Generalization training can occur with one student
[00:13:19.210]or several students in a small group situation.
[00:13:22.520]This form allows you to plan for several students
[00:13:25.360]in a natural environment activity.
[00:13:30.220]Documentation of your student being able to
[00:13:32.930]generalize skills in natural environment settings
[00:13:36.020]is important since generalization is often a weakness.
[00:13:40.060]This net data collection sheet is an easy way to document
[00:13:44.000]skills that happen outside of the one-on-one setting.
[00:13:47.520]As opportunities present themselves
[00:13:49.650]during the course of the day staff can mark yes or no
[00:13:52.920]if the student used the skill.
[00:13:54.980]An example might be the skill of the student
[00:13:57.210]returning greetings as various people
[00:13:59.730]during the day greet the student
[00:14:01.660]you could mark yes or no
[00:14:03.230]if the student returned the greeting.
[00:14:07.650]Books and magazines are a great way to work on
[00:14:10.280]generalization of skills.
[00:14:12.280]Books and magazines provide a visual field in which to have
[00:14:15.640]students practice known skills.
[00:14:18.010]You can use them individually or you can use them
[00:14:20.580]with groups of students by adapting the questions
[00:14:23.470]to early, intermediate, and advanced learners.
[00:14:26.640]Once again we are working on using different materials,
[00:14:29.367]in different situations, with different individuals
[00:14:33.060]to work on the generalization piece.
[00:14:35.690]Books and magazines meet all of those criteria.
[00:14:40.170]You can work on generalizing verbal behavior skills
[00:14:43.240]using a story.
[00:14:44.720]This plan format is similar to the net lesson plan
[00:14:48.290]with different questions for different learners.
[00:14:50.930]The early, intermediate, and advanced learners.
[00:14:53.810]The questions are based on verbal operants.
[00:14:56.330]When first using this strategy
[00:14:58.210]you may want to list the questions on note cards
[00:15:00.730]to help guide you in your instruction.
[00:15:03.030]After a while you will become adept at knowing
[00:15:05.960]which types of questions are appropriate
[00:15:08.350]for your individual students.
[00:15:12.190]This is an example of using the interactive story format
[00:15:16.220]to work on generalization of skills
[00:15:18.710]with early, intermediate, and advanced learner questions
[00:15:22.210]that relate to the story.
[00:15:25.560]Once a student has mastered a skill item adults can have
[00:15:29.330]the student practice the skill through
[00:15:31.320]independent activities, sometimes known as
[00:15:34.100]job box activities or structured teach activities.
[00:15:38.180]job box activities allow the student to generalize
[00:15:41.590]a known skill to new materials and settings.
[00:15:44.850]job box activities encourage student independence.
[00:15:49.640]Another great strategy to work on generalizing skills
[00:15:53.260]is through the use of working walks.
[00:15:55.490]Working walks provide opportunities for students to practice
[00:15:58.790]known skills in natural environments
[00:16:01.130]and during everyday activities.
[00:16:03.350]Staff can use items that are already in the environment
[00:16:06.296]such as bulletin boards, signs, and people
[00:16:09.460]as they ask questions relating to the verbal operants.
[00:16:13.190]Staff can also place their own materials on walls,
[00:16:16.140]lockers, doors et cetera.
[00:16:18.440]Many times students go for walks to help them regulate
[00:16:21.640]or calm down a working walk
[00:16:23.900]can make that time more productive.
[00:16:28.200]This slide is an example of a brainstorming piece
[00:16:31.560]I asked staff to do in their school setting.
[00:16:34.170]I asked them to find items as they walked around the school
[00:16:37.250]that related to the verbal operants.
[00:16:39.510]As you can see they came up with many examples of questions
[00:16:42.780]that they could ask as their students
[00:16:44.690]navigated around the school.
[00:16:47.340]This is a template to use
[00:16:48.850]when planning working walk lessons.
[00:16:51.170]You can list the specific skills for your student to work on
[00:16:54.630]as they go around the school, home,
[00:16:56.580]community, or work environment.
[00:16:58.950]Make sure and vary the routes and activities
[00:17:01.400]that the student participates in on a working walk
[00:17:04.220]to encourage flexibility.
[00:17:07.460]This is an example of different working walk tasks
[00:17:10.670]that staff had put up in a hallway.
[00:17:12.820]As you can see you can work on language or academic skills
[00:17:16.660]in the working walk format.
[00:17:20.580]Here's more examples of working walk tasks.
[00:17:23.760]I like how staff has several examples of the question
[00:17:26.740]in the envelope so the student really has to look
[00:17:29.910]at the question, not just memorize a response.
[00:17:35.300]This is our last polling question.
[00:17:37.840]Which of the following is not a generalization activity
[00:17:41.760]discussed for verbal behavior programs?
[00:17:44.380]A, working walks.
[00:17:46.290]B, Touch Math, C, books, D, job boxes?
[00:17:52.740]The correct answer is B, Touch Math is not
[00:17:56.293]one of the generalization activities discussed
[00:17:59.520]to help students use their acquired verbal behavior skills.
[00:18:06.210]So let's put it all together, good programming
[00:18:09.300]for your students should have several components.
[00:18:11.960]Those include intensive teaching of language skills
[00:18:14.730]and academics with verbal behavior instruction.
[00:18:17.830]Intensive teaching of functional living skills
[00:18:20.370]including social skills.
[00:18:22.090]And finally, the generalization of skills
[00:18:24.920]through Natural Environment Training.
[00:18:29.010]To make sure that you are including all of the components
[00:18:32.140]of effective instruction for your student.
[00:18:34.510]A student plan is helpful, a student plan
[00:18:37.430]incorporates verbal behavior skills
[00:18:39.570]that focus on line from the ABBLLS-R or the BB MAP.
[00:18:44.180]It also incorporates academic skills,
[00:18:46.627]functional living skills from a curricula like the AFLS.
[00:18:50.660]It also will include job boxes
[00:18:52.900]as well as some Natural Environment Training activities
[00:18:55.960]for generalization.
[00:18:59.330]This is the example of the front page of a student plan
[00:19:03.030]that includes skills taught in the verbal behavior format
[00:19:06.150]at the table as well as skills taught
[00:19:08.490]in the natural environment using Errorless Teaching Skills.
[00:19:14.320]This is the second page of the student plan
[00:19:16.850]that lists job box skills, social skills,
[00:19:19.480]scheduling, et cetera.
[00:19:21.450]The highlighted items are priorities to begin with
[00:19:24.330]in the students instruction.
[00:19:27.050]The template of the student plan includes locations to list
[00:19:31.230]verbal behavior, language, or AFLS skills
[00:19:34.520]taught at the table.
[00:19:35.970]AFLS skills taught in the natural environment,
[00:19:38.920]social skills, instruction, academic instruction,
[00:19:42.176]job boxes, and natural environment activities
[00:19:45.340]for generalization.
[00:19:47.130]Boxes for schedules, communication, and other items.
[00:19:53.520]This is the blank Student Plan Template page one.
[00:19:59.890]This is the second page
[00:20:01.490]of the blank Student Plan Template.
[00:20:06.320]In conclusion, we know that many of our students
[00:20:09.590]with language and learning disorders like autism
[00:20:13.060]do not automatically generalize previously learned skills
[00:20:17.640]to a variety of environments with new materials,
[00:20:21.230]or with new staff.
[00:20:22.950]Therefore the need to purposefully plan for
[00:20:25.590]generalization activities
[00:20:27.420]within the student's day is imperative.
[00:20:31.260]What you will find is that generalization activities
[00:20:34.470]are fun to plan and fun for the students.
[00:20:37.210]Have a good time programming
[00:20:38.720]this important piece for your students.
[00:20:42.910]You will have access to many
[00:20:45.407]of the Natural Environment Training Templates
[00:20:46.680]that we looked at today.
[00:20:48.450]These include a NET Lesson Plan Template,
[00:20:51.910]Small Group NET Lesson Plan Templates,
[00:20:55.000]Verbal Module Template, NET Data Collection Template.
[00:20:59.550]Working Walk Planning Template,
[00:21:01.710]Working Walk Student Plan Template,
[00:21:04.200]and Individual Student Plan Template.

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Connecting Verbal Behavior Programs with Natural Environment Training -Part 2

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