Dicamba - Calibration and Cleanout

Greg Kruger Author

11/30/2018 Added

33 Plays

Description

Applicators of dicamba products, now classified as restricted use pesticides, need to keep up on new techniques and label changes to help prevent herbicide movement, and to keep other crops and plants safe. Nebraska Extension Cropping Specialist Greg Kruger explains how to calibrate and clean out equipment to achieve those goals.

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[00:00:06.720]Welcome if you are here for 2019/2020 Dicamba training
[00:00:11.020]for approved applications of Dicamba formulations
[00:00:14.450]you would be at the right place.
[00:00:15.530]If you're looking at for information on other pesticides,
[00:00:19.580]it may not be where you wanna be,
[00:00:21.630]but today we're gonna talk about some of the science
[00:00:24.740]behind the dicamba tool
[00:00:27.630]and some of the restrictions that we have for pesticide
[00:00:30.370]applications using dicamba.
[00:00:33.260]So a brief outline of what we're gonna cover
[00:00:35.410]in this session.
[00:00:36.540]We're gonna talk about the sensitivity of
[00:00:38.380]broadleaf plants to dicamba.
[00:00:40.570]As you might imagine after the last few years
[00:00:43.560]of experience with dicamba in soybeans,
[00:00:46.788]there's gonna be a pretty heavy focus in soybeans
[00:00:49.910]but we will also cover several other crops.
[00:00:52.610]We're gonna talk about some of the label requirements
[00:00:54.748]for new formulations.
[00:00:56.720]We won't get into as much detail because
[00:00:59.130]you'll pick up some of that in some
[00:01:00.247]of the other sessions as well.
[00:01:02.286]Then we're gonna talk about the top factors
[00:01:04.058]leading to off target movement.
[00:01:06.000]While these are general to all pesticide applications
[00:01:09.738]we're gonna focus in on dicamba and how dicamba might
[00:01:13.190]be even more critical to follow some of those
[00:01:16.060]safety guidelines, lastly just a real brief mention
[00:01:20.590]on resistance and resistance management.
[00:01:22.960]And then we'll wrap it up.
[00:01:24.100]So hang on and enjoy the show.
[00:01:27.920]Now the first part we talked about or we're gonna talk
[00:01:30.840]about is the sensitivity to broadleaf plants.
[00:01:34.554]Some of the most sensitive things that we might see
[00:01:37.167]in Nebraska, obviously soybeans is at the top of our list
[00:01:40.920]but any of those bean species, dry beans, green beans,
[00:01:43.870]peas out there are gonna be extremely sensitive
[00:01:47.980]to dicamba and we will get into some detail about
[00:01:50.930]what that sensitivity looks like in a few moments.
[00:01:53.880]Grapes are another one at the top of our list.
[00:01:56.230]And then down at the bottom you can see a few others
[00:01:58.086]that we've got on our list that are very sensitive
[00:02:01.330]but maybe not quite as sensitive as those
[00:02:03.140]beans and grapes are.
[00:02:04.790]Those being peppers, tomatoes, watermelons,
[00:02:06.960]and a lot of our other fruit and vegetable crops
[00:02:09.310]that might be out there.
[00:02:11.750]So now the first thing we want to talk about is
[00:02:14.660]what does dicamba look like and we've got
[00:02:18.240]a range of different crops here.
[00:02:19.710]You can see starting over at the far side
[00:02:21.590]we've got soybeans and then one that we might not see
[00:02:24.620]in Nebraska but thought might be of interest is cotton.
[00:02:28.570]Working our way across the top here, we've got tomatoes,
[00:02:30.950]grapes, right here next to me is sweet potatoes,
[00:02:34.170]and then across the bottom we've got squash, water melon,
[00:02:36.848]green beans, peppers, and sugar beats.
[00:02:40.030]And what you see on this slide is what a 10%
[00:02:41.968]dose looks like.
[00:02:43.260]So if we start to think about what a 10% dose
[00:02:46.500]might be on these different vegetables and plant species,
[00:02:52.000]this is really representative of tank contamination issues.
[00:02:57.170]This is something where we didn't clean the sprayer out
[00:02:59.260]before we went on to the next project
[00:03:02.669]or we completely missed the application area.
[00:03:06.983]We've got the boom hanging out over too far
[00:03:08.980]across the fence row and hit something nearly directly.
[00:03:13.718]Something that we are looking at in terms of
[00:03:17.170]very high dose.
[00:03:18.770]Now with all of these you can see
[00:03:20.572]some symptomatology in common.
[00:03:23.130]We can see it twisting, cupping, curling.
[00:03:26.030]Those plants are definitely not looking very healthy.
[00:03:29.700]If we dial that back down just a little bit,
[00:03:32.240]this slide now shows what a 1% dose look like.
[00:03:35.580]Again 28 days after application,
[00:03:37.800]on some species like the soybeans clear over here,
[00:03:40.590]you can see how those leaves are just starting to cup up
[00:03:43.420]a little bit.
[00:03:44.276]The cotton you see it, the plants are a little bit
[00:03:46.900]more upright than what a normal cotton plant would be.
[00:03:49.800]Same thing with the tomato.
[00:03:51.220]We get this vertical growth.
[00:03:53.423]Little bit of twisting and cupping
[00:03:55.210]but not anything like what that 10% dose is.
[00:03:57.449]Again this would be an example of maybe a low level
[00:04:02.280]or lower level of tank contamination.
[00:04:04.320]Or at 1% this might even be representative of
[00:04:07.197]some sort of a drift, whether it be the wrong nozzle,
[00:04:12.140]wrong boom height or things like that.
[00:04:15.120]In either case, most of these broadleaf crops
[00:04:17.792]are gonna survive that 1% or 10% application.
[00:04:22.530]However, there's gonna be significant damage
[00:04:24.770]and even potential for yield loss.
[00:04:28.200]Now like we said, we really wanna focus in on soybeans.
[00:04:32.800]Soybeans over the last few years has been number one thing
[00:04:36.130]that we've talked about.
[00:04:37.210]That's been the one crop that we've seen the most
[00:04:40.177]off target movement issues on to.
[00:04:43.170]So we're gonna really focus in on that
[00:04:44.840]for the next few minutes.
[00:04:46.660]What you see on this slide here is a dose response study.
[00:04:50.300]So we started with this up in the top left hand corner.
[00:04:53.720]We have a full labeled rate of dicamba
[00:04:55.971]on a non-dicamba tolerant sweeping.
[00:04:58.970]From there, each one of the pictures coming across the slide
[00:05:02.250]each plant coming across here, is half of the rate
[00:05:04.900]of the previous soybean plant.
[00:05:07.180]And then it continues on down to the second row,
[00:05:09.780]finishing here in the third row where we have 1/16000th
[00:05:12.970]of the labeled rate of dicamba.
[00:05:14.670]And what's interesting is even at this extremely low rate
[00:05:17.800]of 1/16000th, we are still seeing some
[00:05:20.910]sort of symptomatology.
[00:05:22.120]So soybean's extremely sensitive
[00:05:25.658]and it's really one of those where we've got to be
[00:05:29.430]uber cautious about how we make applications,
[00:05:32.190]what we do, handling the products and stuff like that
[00:05:34.455]if we don't want to see any kind of symptomatology.
[00:05:37.520]Now the other thing and looking at this,
[00:05:39.520]that you wanna look at closely,
[00:05:41.150]anywhere from above 1/1000th on down,
[00:05:44.060]while we are getting symptomatology,
[00:05:46.100]the symptomatology seems to very, very uniform
[00:05:48.500]in terms of the response on that soybean plant.
[00:05:51.830]So while the dose might be considerably different,
[00:05:55.090]we do see a fairly uniform symptomatology
[00:05:58.530]on that soybean plant.
[00:06:01.010]To further illustrate that, I've got two plants here.
[00:06:04.288]The plants of these two soybeans were both
[00:06:07.240]exposed to dicamba.
[00:06:08.500]Both of these were on that previous slide.
[00:06:09.930]So if you are paying attention, you would know
[00:06:12.290]which one of these had a higher dose.
[00:06:14.200]And if you're looking at it and thinking about it
[00:06:15.810]a little bit, you might be seeing the left one
[00:06:19.517]looks a little worse than the right,
[00:06:20.942]the right one looks a little worse than the left.
[00:06:22.864]But the point we are trying to illustrate here is
[00:06:25.827]they're really very similar.
[00:06:27.526]However, the one on the left has twice that dose
[00:06:30.455]of the one on the right hand side.
[00:06:33.153]Now if we look at this again here's another example.
[00:06:36.350]Two plants look very similar.
[00:06:38.860]You can see all the symptomatology
[00:06:40.780]particularly in the new growth at the top
[00:06:42.730]of the soybean plant here.
[00:06:44.590]Same thing here.
[00:06:46.021]Both of these plants were again exposed to dicamba.
[00:06:50.120]Two different doses
[00:06:51.650]and in this case, this one right here on the right hand side
[00:06:55.178]has 16 times as much dicamba on it.
[00:06:57.938]The first thing we need to know when we are evaluating
[00:07:01.982]or looking at dicamba drift on soybeans is that
[00:07:05.230]there's a wide range of doses that
[00:07:06.740]will cause symptomatology.
[00:07:08.150]A lot of those doses are gonna be very similar
[00:07:10.280]in terms of the symptomatology they cause.
[00:07:13.300]Now the next point that I want to illustrate
[00:07:15.040]here is really that there's a lot of different herbicides
[00:07:18.750]on the market.
[00:07:19.980]Some of them are going to cause symptomatology
[00:07:22.802]similar to dicamba.
[00:07:24.387]Some of them are going to cause symptomatology
[00:07:26.530]quite different from dicamba.
[00:07:28.170]And some of them aren't gonna cause
[00:07:29.430]any symptomatology at all.
[00:07:31.800]It really depends on the dose, the time of exposure,
[00:07:34.824]and what product we are talking about
[00:07:37.670]in terms of the response that we're gonna get.
[00:07:40.090]So if you look across here, you can see anything from
[00:07:43.160]like the 2-4 D choline in list one,
[00:07:47.030]2-4 D choline plus glyphosate in list duo.
[00:07:49.766]We've got our dicamba.
[00:07:51.720]Those are all growth regulators,
[00:07:53.294]so they're all gonna have very similar symptomatology.
[00:07:56.604]Right here on this corner here we've got aminopyralid,
[00:08:00.366]another growth regulator.
[00:08:01.970]You can see very similar symptomatology there.
[00:08:05.210]When we look at it just because we've got leaf cupping
[00:08:08.041]or twisting or things like that,
[00:08:10.299]doesn't necessarily mean it's dicamba.
[00:08:12.063]It doesn't mean it's not either
[00:08:13.660]but we wanna be very cautious about how we diagnose.
[00:08:17.680]The other thing we want to,
[00:08:19.436]I want everyone recognize from this session is that
[00:08:22.365]when we talk about dicamba symptomatology
[00:08:26.690]we do have a very flat dose response.
[00:08:29.490]And so just because 10% of the field use rate
[00:08:32.960]of one product causes symptomatology,
[00:08:35.410]another product may not cause that same,
[00:08:37.354]or cause some sort of symptomatology.
[00:08:39.960]For example, if we look at the glufosinate here,
[00:08:43.170]this is Liberty.
[00:08:45.010]When we get 10% of the label late of Liberty,
[00:08:47.312]those beans look fairly healthy.
[00:08:49.600]We don't see much symptomatology from that.
[00:08:52.800]Every product, every environment, every herbicide
[00:08:55.930]and every dose is gonna give us
[00:08:57.160]a little bit different response.
[00:08:59.498]We turn this down from 10% to 1%.
[00:09:03.006]Again you can kind of see that same thing
[00:09:05.100]where some products are, again here
[00:09:06.910]is our glufosinate or Liberty.
[00:09:09.040]We've not seen any symptomatology.
[00:09:11.240]Whereas with 1% of the dicamba rate up here,
[00:09:13.886]you can see, we've got definitely some cupping,
[00:09:18.104]twisting, and some pretty strong symptomatology,
[00:09:22.040]that's gonna be very apparent in the field.
[00:09:24.890]So when we think about symptomatology and sensitive species
[00:09:29.208]just a few takeaways that I think is gonna be really
[00:09:32.277]important as you think about using these products
[00:09:34.860]over the coming years.
[00:09:36.590]First off, dicamba is one of many growth
[00:09:40.410]regulators out there.
[00:09:41.730]They're all going to cause similar symptomatology.
[00:09:44.700]But it maybe quite different doses that are needed
[00:09:47.420]to cause those types of symptoms.
[00:09:51.080]Like we said, the dicamba is extremely active
[00:09:53.920]at extremely low rates.
[00:09:55.310]Some of our greenhouse work shows that they even down
[00:09:57.490]to 1/250,000th of the label rate, we can continue
[00:10:00.620]to see symptomatology.
[00:10:03.000]In terms of as we think about managing this product,
[00:10:06.085]that becomes very, very important.
[00:10:08.968]Lastly and we're gonna kind of cycle back to this
[00:10:11.189]in a few minutes, but thorough tank clean out
[00:10:14.360]and using any kind of mitigation steps to avoid drift
[00:10:17.670]are absolutely critical with this product
[00:10:19.550]because of the symptomatology it does cause particularly
[00:10:22.360]on non-dicamba tolerant soybeans.
[00:10:25.570]Alright, rapidly moving on and the next thing
[00:10:28.700]we are gonna talk about
[00:10:29.533]are just few of the label requirements for the new
[00:10:31.609]formulation to dicamba,
[00:10:33.901]I won't spend a lot of time here
[00:10:35.940]but I just want to draw your attention to a few things
[00:10:38.460]because it really sets up the stage for talking about
[00:10:40.427]some of the factors that lead to off target movement
[00:10:43.800]and things like that.
[00:10:44.990]First off, you'll notice that with the new products
[00:10:48.530]there are labeled restrictions in terms of
[00:10:50.690]which nozzles can be used,
[00:10:52.220]and this is also coupled with which pressures
[00:10:55.020]we can use those nozzle.
[00:10:56.070]So everybody should take time to consult
[00:10:58.900]the website of the product that you're using
[00:11:01.040]to make sure you're in compliance there.
[00:11:03.518]Secondly, wind speed, you'll see for these new products
[00:11:07.057]a wind speed of three to 10 mile an hour
[00:11:09.830]and we'll come into more detail on that in a minute,
[00:11:12.420]but we really, on top of that three to 10 mile an hour
[00:11:16.850]we wanna emphasize this very important that
[00:11:19.070]we don't apply in any kind of an inversion condition.
[00:11:21.832]Boom height we've got a maximum of 24 inches
[00:11:25.410]above the crop or canopy.
[00:11:27.094]Tank mix partners, again like the nozzles
[00:11:29.870]we're gonna go back and consult that website.
[00:11:32.459]The application volume.
[00:11:34.159]We've now got some consensus between the new product labels.
[00:11:38.602]They're all gonna require a minimum of 15 gallon per acre.
[00:11:42.623]And that's good both in terms of drift management
[00:11:45.143]as well as herbicide efficacy,
[00:11:48.960]and we'll talk about that in a moment again as well.
[00:11:52.314]Ground speed, maximum of 15 mile an hour.
[00:11:54.991]I know that it's easy to throttle those machines up
[00:11:58.110]and move across the field fast.
[00:12:00.031]With this product we wanna be careful doing that.
[00:12:02.593]Lot of times as the ground speed goes up
[00:12:04.900]the boom height goes up,
[00:12:06.040]and it starts to result in things that we don't wanna see.
[00:12:10.130]Few new things to keep in mind with these new labels.
[00:12:13.188]POST applications are no later than 45 days
[00:12:16.872]after planting or at R1.
[00:12:20.450]And we're gonna have a maximum of two in-season
[00:12:23.520]post emergence applications per year.
[00:12:27.204]Buffers, we won't spend a lot of time on,
[00:12:29.640]because it's gonna be covered in some of the other sections.
[00:12:31.781]But if the winds are blowing towards sensitive crops,
[00:12:34.470]that puts us in a do not spray situation.
[00:12:37.260]So when we start talking about
[00:12:39.252]some of those sensitive crops that were looking at
[00:12:41.960]on the previous slides, don't take any chances there,
[00:12:45.541]it's not worth the risk and it's also gonna put
[00:12:48.730]you off label.
[00:12:50.084]If the wind is blowing towards sensitive areas,
[00:12:53.153]we're gonna have a 110 foot buffer zones.
[00:12:57.040]If we've got endangered species,
[00:12:59.130]there's gonna be a 57-foot buffer zone,
[00:13:00.988]and you'll get more on that in the other sessions.
[00:13:06.130]Application time and this is a really important one.
[00:13:09.178]And this really ties in to that off target movement piece.
[00:13:12.653]Applications have to be one hour after sunrise
[00:13:16.770]and have to be finished at least two hours before sunset.
[00:13:20.540]So we've got these new rules.
[00:13:22.775]We're gonna do daytime applications
[00:13:25.380]and for the reason, that is going back to that previous
[00:13:28.210]slide where we talked about not spraying inversions.
[00:13:30.850]These one hour after sunrise to two hours before sunset
[00:13:34.010]puts us in a window that is less likely
[00:13:37.400]to have an inversion condition.
[00:13:40.310]Do not apply when rainfall is expected within
[00:13:43.290]the next 24 hours,
[00:13:44.215]if that rainfall is expected to cause runoff.
[00:13:48.117]This is really keeping us into an area
[00:13:51.340]where dicamba being very water soluble,
[00:13:54.440]isn't going to run off the field into lower lying areas
[00:13:58.570]in that watershed.
[00:14:00.490]The next one on my list here is the triple rinse.
[00:14:03.504]We'll go into tank contamination in a bit.
[00:14:06.330]But the rinsing that sprayer out and getting
[00:14:09.130]it good and clean both before and applications is critical
[00:14:12.878]and also in compliance with the label.
[00:14:16.170]I would recommend that you consult the label
[00:14:19.030]for the product that you're using to get specific
[00:14:20.980]information on that tank clean out procedure.
[00:14:24.110]Lastly on my list here for label requirements,
[00:14:26.770]do not apply aerially.
[00:14:28.850]We don't want to see any of this going into an airplane.
[00:14:31.075]It's going to be illegal and a little bit more challenging
[00:14:34.760]to manage from an off target movement standpoint.
[00:14:39.150]Alright, now we've kind of blown through the first two
[00:14:41.950]pretty quickly.
[00:14:42.960]We're gonna slow down here in just a little bit
[00:14:45.050]and we are gonna talk in detail about the top factors
[00:14:47.287]that lead to off target movement.
[00:14:49.649]Some of these are gonna be good principles
[00:14:51.739]for all of your applications.
[00:14:53.735]But some of it's gonna be required for
[00:14:56.138]the new dicamba products.
[00:14:58.010]So some of the tips and the pieces that you're gonna
[00:15:01.950]pick up here can be used across the board.
[00:15:05.372]In this part of the section, we're gonna talk
[00:15:07.896]about tank contamination, the tank clean out,
[00:15:10.166]particle drift, and that is due both the wind speed,
[00:15:15.580]boom height, droplet size, buffer zones.
[00:15:18.326]We're gonna talk real briefly in the wind speed
[00:15:21.460]and direction section about inversion conditions.
[00:15:24.783]We're gonna wrap this section up talking about volatility.
[00:15:31.040]Okay so in terms of the last few years of dicamba use
[00:15:35.642]we've kind of put together
[00:15:37.600]what I believe are the top factors influencing
[00:15:41.006]off target movement.
[00:15:42.674]This is a list that I know would be highly controversial
[00:15:45.951]among different academics and specialists out there,
[00:15:49.730]but all four of these factors on this list
[00:15:52.850]are certainly significant pieces that we need to consider
[00:15:56.260]in terms of off target movement.
[00:15:58.050]On the top of my list is tank contamination,
[00:16:00.510]so we will hit that one up first.
[00:16:02.580]The second one is gonna be physical particle drift.
[00:16:05.200]We're gonna see significant increases in physical particle
[00:16:08.500]drift when we use excessive boom heights,
[00:16:11.200]the wrong nozzle, illegal tank mix partner,
[00:16:13.790]so the ones that aren't on that dicamba label website.
[00:16:19.090]Or when we are out there making applications
[00:16:21.150]in excessive wind speed.
[00:16:22.380]And we know in Nebraska that that could be a real challenge
[00:16:24.990]that we've got some days that the wind just never
[00:16:27.680]seems to give up.
[00:16:29.940]We've got those situations where we've got lot of acres
[00:16:32.550]to cover and weather just doesn't seem to be very conducive
[00:16:35.780]for those applications, but that wind speed
[00:16:39.055]really is gonna make a big difference in terms of
[00:16:41.690]off target movement and you'll see that
[00:16:43.900]as we talk about it.
[00:16:46.000]Next one on my list is volatility.
[00:16:48.681]There's couple of different things we should mention here.
[00:16:51.890]First you'll find that on the new dicamba products
[00:16:55.650]there are no AMS products or ammonia based products
[00:16:58.604]labeled for tank mix approval.
[00:17:01.271]We wanna stay away from those products
[00:17:03.460]because those really do significantly increased drift
[00:17:06.825]particularly vapor drift.
[00:17:09.450]And you're also gonna see that new products
[00:17:13.310]have been designed for lower volatility.
[00:17:16.240]It's really important that we don't go back and use
[00:17:18.630]old formulations, these new formulations are really
[00:17:21.258]the ones that are gonna have the lowest potential
[00:17:23.670]for vapor drift.
[00:17:24.910]So the formulations that we select are very important.
[00:17:28.920]Also spraying too late in the season.
[00:17:31.110]So you'll see with these 45 day cutoffs or R1 cutoffs
[00:17:34.708]that they're trying to avoid those late season applications.
[00:17:38.404]We know that the later in the year, and in the summer
[00:17:41.270]we get the hotter the temperatures, tends to get drier.
[00:17:44.748]The potential for vapor drift goes up.
[00:17:48.360]And then the last one on our list here is that runoff.
[00:17:51.090]We briefly mentioned that one already.
[00:17:54.070]So the next few slides here, are ones that I borrowed
[00:17:56.470]from my colleague of ours, down at Auburn University,
[00:17:59.770]Dr. Steve Lee and his graduate students.
[00:18:02.020]And they did some tank clean out studies.
[00:18:06.490]What they found is that it's really, really difficult
[00:18:09.050]to get that tank clean enough to a point
[00:18:10.920]that we're not gonna cause symptomatology.
[00:18:12.940]So what they did is they took three different sprayers.
[00:18:15.030]This first one you can see here is a Hagie sprayer.
[00:18:17.531]All three sprayers had different tank capacities
[00:18:20.550]and boom width.
[00:18:21.383]So you'll see those on these slides.
[00:18:23.650]The second one was John Deere 6700.
[00:18:26.370]And then the last one that they had
[00:18:28.270]was a Spracoupe 4660.
[00:18:30.462]Those sprayers were then contaminated
[00:18:33.045]or mixed with dicamba
[00:18:35.249]and then they looked at different clean out procedures.
[00:18:38.800]First one they looked at was a triple rinse of water.
[00:18:42.356]What you'll see on the label recommendations,
[00:18:44.867]is that we use some sort of tank cleaner.
[00:18:46.840]And you'll soon see why.
[00:18:48.462]The second, third, and fourth one,
[00:18:50.670]they use three different types of tank cleaners.
[00:18:53.176]The first one really goes back to that myth out there
[00:18:56.700]and this isn't necessarily an approved tank cleaner,
[00:18:58.670]but a theory out there that we have
[00:19:02.540]if we use glyphosate, it's gonna help clean that tank out.
[00:19:04.894]Then we wanted to see how good of a tank cleaner
[00:19:07.360]glyphosate really was.
[00:19:08.930]Last two are two different tank cleaners
[00:19:11.620]that are on the market.
[00:19:13.090]When they looked at those,
[00:19:14.775]you'll see on the data here
[00:19:16.444]they've got the concentrations of dicamba,
[00:19:19.006]in those tank mixes
[00:19:20.361]or from those different tank mixes from each rinse.
[00:19:23.670]In the first rinse, there was no statistical difference
[00:19:25.815]in how much dicamba they recovered.
[00:19:27.920]There's been no tank cleaner used yet.
[00:19:29.690]That tank cleaner goes in on the second rinse.
[00:19:32.210]When we get to the second rinse site,
[00:19:33.430]you'll see the triple rinse with water
[00:19:35.215]all the way through the three different tank cleaners,
[00:19:38.440]the glyphosate and other two.
[00:19:40.570]No statistical difference.
[00:19:42.540]Interestingly enough, when we got to that third rinse,
[00:19:44.920]you'll see that the most dicamba was coming out
[00:19:46.910]of that triple rinse with water,
[00:19:48.456]both the glyphosate and the two commercial tank cleaners
[00:19:51.626]had significantly less dicamba still
[00:19:54.560]coming out that sprayer.
[00:19:55.980]By the time we got to the fourth rinse,
[00:19:58.050]there's no difference between them again.
[00:20:00.141]So if we're gonna do three rinses,
[00:20:02.147]certainly this data would suggest that
[00:20:04.730]we need to put something in the tank
[00:20:06.170]to help clean it out.
[00:20:07.721]When they looked at the three different sprayers
[00:20:09.790]no difference between sprayers.
[00:20:11.251]And the last thing I wanna kind of draw your attention to
[00:20:14.720]is that this last bullet point on the slide
[00:20:16.470]that actual rinse site from the third and fourth
[00:20:20.100]rinses did not cause any yield loss.
[00:20:22.110]However, with every single one of the rinses,
[00:20:25.130]every single one of the sprayers,
[00:20:26.620]when they sprayed those out on sensitive soybeans
[00:20:28.454]they did see some sort of a visual response.
[00:20:31.550]So when we start thinking about getting away
[00:20:33.990]from visual symptomatology, really important to
[00:20:36.529]start to consider having separate equipment
[00:20:39.500]or things like that to minimize any chance of contamination.
[00:20:45.230]Now we hear lots of comments about what the symptomatology
[00:20:49.440]should look like from tank contamination.
[00:20:51.640]Most people would say that if we got tank contamination,
[00:20:54.825]we should see they overlap.
[00:20:57.000]So if you look at this blue box on this slide here,
[00:21:00.090]this represents our field, the treated field.
[00:21:03.476]If we think about this as a non dicamba field
[00:21:05.760]following the dicamba application,
[00:21:10.330]we start to see this as an area that's got
[00:21:13.106]cupping across the field because of that contamination.
[00:21:16.840]Now where you see the dark blue lines,
[00:21:18.700]this is where the overlap from one spray
[00:21:21.150]past to the next is we are getting twice the dose.
[00:21:24.780]So for most products when we have enough tank contamination
[00:21:27.760]to cause symptomatology, when we double that dose
[00:21:30.321]we see even more, even stronger symptoms.
[00:21:34.430]However, when we think about dicamba with that
[00:21:36.050]very flat dose response curve,
[00:21:37.461]that may or may not happen.
[00:21:39.710]So if we kind of look at this from a dicamba perspective
[00:21:42.269]here you can see a plant at 1/4000th of the labeled rate.
[00:21:46.740]We are using that as the level of tank contamination
[00:21:49.170]that we are seeing.
[00:21:50.770]You can see the dicamba symptoms on the plant.
[00:21:53.268]Clearly expressing itself.
[00:21:55.491]And that's coming from that spray pass over here.
[00:21:59.178]So we get that spray pass where we have the overlap
[00:22:03.270]we now have twice that dose.
[00:22:04.730]So you can see where that arrow is sitting on
[00:22:06.820]that dark blue line, that's where that overlap occurred.
[00:22:10.690]We now have it set at 1/4000th.
[00:22:12.510]We've got 1/2000th of the label rate.
[00:22:14.750]We still see symptomatology
[00:22:16.732]but if you look, the two plants are very, very similar.
[00:22:19.720]So just because you see similar symptomatology
[00:22:24.240]clear cost of field, don't rule out tank contamination
[00:22:26.549]because it maybe something that's plaguing your operation.
[00:22:31.012]Now when we come back and start talking about
[00:22:33.269]what that means in terms of expectations,
[00:22:37.280]I will tell you while we are talking today
[00:22:39.270]about the new dicamba formulations.
[00:22:41.610]However we see that with all dicamba products
[00:22:43.802]they have a similar response.
[00:22:46.400]You can see very similar symptomatology across
[00:22:48.660]the range of doses.
[00:22:50.120]And as we start to look at this slide here,
[00:22:52.918]I'm gonna kind of draw your attention to one gram
[00:22:55.239]AE per hectare right here
[00:22:57.100]and if we follow that up you're gonna see that
[00:22:59.407]and we follow that all the way across the slide here.
[00:23:02.890]We get about 40% injury at that one gram per hectare rate.
[00:23:06.430]That corresponds to about 1/500th of the labeled rate
[00:23:09.220]and that's important because it really ties back
[00:23:12.670]to where we start to see significant problems
[00:23:15.000]from off target movement.
[00:23:19.850]When we look at this from a height reduction standpoint,
[00:23:22.850]remember I was drawing your attention to that one gram
[00:23:25.130]per hectare rate.
[00:23:26.170]Here is that one gram per hectare rate
[00:23:27.980]and it's right at the point where we start to see
[00:23:30.570]stunting in those plants.
[00:23:31.560]So if you see soybeans plants out there
[00:23:33.850]that are starting to stunt from exposure,
[00:23:35.800]that's when it's really a point where you got to
[00:23:38.610]start to have a heavy focus 'cos
[00:23:40.320]we're probably going to start to affect yield.
[00:23:44.470]Here's the biomass so this is a plant growth
[00:23:47.610]and development and here's that one gram per rate,
[00:23:51.290]1/500th of the labeled rate again.
[00:23:53.200]And you can see looking at this that
[00:23:56.590]that's right about the point where biomass reduction starts.
[00:24:01.410]Now this is some yield data
[00:24:03.052]from Egan et al.
[00:24:05.309]They published a meta analysis pulling together
[00:24:08.100]all of the data that's been conducted
[00:24:10.180]in terms of exposure to dicamba,
[00:24:11.724]both from a flowering and a vegetative standpoint
[00:24:14.359]as well as what happens when we get dicamba
[00:24:18.330]at pod formation.
[00:24:19.760]You can see that the three curves for the most part
[00:24:22.288]are very similar indicating that
[00:24:24.200]dicamba is very active on soybeans
[00:24:26.770]and very instrumental in terms of causing damage
[00:24:29.554]across the different growth stages,
[00:24:31.750]and that again if we kind of draw focus in on that
[00:24:34.360]one gram or 1/500th of the label rate,
[00:24:38.005]you can see that's really where we start to see
[00:24:40.395]yield loss starting to occur.
[00:24:45.370]It matches up really well.
[00:24:46.550]This is some data from north flat
[00:24:49.730]in the last couple of years.
[00:24:54.410]The first one is the gray bars that's 2016.
[00:24:58.730]Second one is 2017 in the red.
[00:25:01.370]And what we looked at is 1/14000th of the labeled rate.
[00:25:06.336]1/1400th of the labeled rate.
[00:25:08.380]Both of those we didn't see any yield loss.
[00:25:11.000]If we follow that over to the next set of bars
[00:25:17.584]on treatment two, you can see now we've got about
[00:25:21.500]80% or 85% of the untreated controls
[00:25:26.200]so we are starting to see yield loss when we get to that.
[00:25:28.987]1/1400th of the labeled rate.
[00:25:32.550]1/14th of the labeled rate,
[00:25:34.050]you can see above 50% of that
[00:25:40.220]actual yield that we observed in the untreated controls.
[00:25:44.170]So some things to consider when we start
[00:25:46.570]talking about these dicamba applications.
[00:25:51.059]Anything that comes in contact with dicamba
[00:25:53.355]from a tank contamination standpoint
[00:25:55.623]could be a future source of concern,
[00:25:58.768]so we wanna make sure that anything that we are working with
[00:26:01.906]whether that be the sprayer tank, spray boom,
[00:26:05.487]nozzles filters, or other parts of the sprayer
[00:26:09.170]are thoroughly cleaned before going into sensitive crop
[00:26:13.040]like non-dicamba tolerant soybean.
[00:26:15.690]We also need to consider hoses, pumps,
[00:26:18.430]mixing equipment and that is not just in terms of
[00:26:22.443]the field or field edge or those tender trucks.
[00:26:27.330]But we also got to think about that in terms of
[00:26:29.350]what's happening at the shop.
[00:26:30.880]So what are we doing to make sure that
[00:26:33.890]anything that came in contact with dicamba is clean
[00:26:36.170]before being used for other purposes.
[00:26:38.730]Lastly, chemical storage and transportation equipment.
[00:26:42.708]Anybody out there running hot loads
[00:26:45.250]needs to be particularly careful because
[00:26:47.790]we've got to get that tender truck just as clean as
[00:26:50.170]we get the sprayer if we don't want to see
[00:26:51.700]any kind of injury symptomatology.
[00:26:54.550]A few recommendations separate of the label
[00:26:57.950]and some of these do coincide with the label.
[00:27:01.110]Maintain separate equipment whenever possible.
[00:27:04.020]So if we are gonna be spraying dicamba
[00:27:05.560]and we've got a large enough operation
[00:27:07.692]that we've got multiple sprayers
[00:27:09.131]it might be good to consider using one sprayer
[00:27:12.170]for dicamba applications and another sprayer
[00:27:14.730]for non-dicamba applications.
[00:27:17.438]Also in terms of minimizing potential exposure,
[00:27:22.083]if we can separate storage tanks, hoses,
[00:27:25.063]those will also help us minimize that point
[00:27:28.810]source of the contamination.
[00:27:30.796]One of the things that we've seen recommended
[00:27:33.159]here in the last few years that maybe very helpful
[00:27:35.953]is the use of direct inject sprayers.
[00:27:38.953]That would even minimize the potential for contamination
[00:27:43.180]in the tank as dicamba could be directly
[00:27:46.190]injected into the spray boom minimizing the different places
[00:27:49.436]that we might potentially run into contamination issues.
[00:27:53.960]Avoid running hot loads with dicamba whenever possible.
[00:27:57.650]I know from an efficiency standpoint in summer operations
[00:28:00.870]it just makes it much easier, much quicker to cover
[00:28:02.987]large numbers of acres,
[00:28:05.220]but we've also seen situations where our applicators
[00:28:08.570]are using hot loads and have contaminated sometimes
[00:28:12.940]hundreds and even 1000s of acres.
[00:28:14.680]So whenever possible, avoid running those hot loads.
[00:28:19.570]Clean the sprayer, and anything that comes in contact
[00:28:22.802]with dicamba, things as small as the rubber gloves
[00:28:27.066]or other PPE we are using could be contaminated
[00:28:31.610]with dicamba, so if we go into situations where
[00:28:34.760]we are dealing with non-dicamba tolerant crops
[00:28:37.260]or very sensitive crops to dicamba,
[00:28:40.060]even though it's rubber gloves that we are putting on
[00:28:42.170]could potentially affect how well we do
[00:28:45.770]in terms of minimizing contamination.
[00:28:49.930]Always clean the sprayer out,
[00:28:53.585]both before and after application.
[00:28:57.080]That's gonna coincide with what the label recommends.
[00:28:59.804]And as you see on here, I say when in doubt, wash it out.
[00:29:03.984]Go ahead if you're not sure whether you should be
[00:29:06.640]cleaning or not, the answer is probably going to be yes.
[00:29:11.060]Again a little bit of dicamba goes a long ways.
[00:29:14.694]Very very little dicamba is actually needed
[00:29:18.170]to cause visual symptomatology.
[00:29:20.310]Some people would suggest that even as little as
[00:29:22.890]three milliliters in a 1000 gallon tank
[00:29:25.880]could cause visual response.
[00:29:27.980]And the truth is that number maybe even smaller than that.
[00:29:33.530]Now we're gonna start to change directions here just
[00:29:36.320]a little bit.
[00:29:37.530]This is an old Well Sickle publication from 1979.
[00:29:42.730]And I really just put this in here to show you that
[00:29:44.999]dicamba is not new, good stewardship practices are not new
[00:29:49.199]in here, and I don't want to read it but they point to
[00:29:52.508]making sure that we use that we use low drift nozzles.
[00:29:56.090]Make sure we use low pressures.
[00:29:57.930]We use drift retardants.
[00:30:00.410]We don't spray when winds are blowing towards sensitive
[00:30:03.270]crops, we spray when the winds are in a reasonable
[00:30:06.436]wind speed range.
[00:30:08.700]And we are cognizant about how we are
[00:30:11.010]making those applications.
[00:30:13.012]These things are not new.
[00:30:14.681]We've known these for a long time.
[00:30:16.910]However, with the new dicamba tolerant crops,
[00:30:19.510]we have seen a significant increase
[00:30:21.171]in the amount of drift.
[00:30:22.620]So we are just trying to draw attention to some things
[00:30:25.110]that we've known for a long time.
[00:30:26.870]Again those stewardship practices are good across the board.
[00:30:31.257]Now real briefly, we're gonna touch on wind speed.
[00:30:34.418]Wind speed from an application standpoint
[00:30:37.025]is very very important.
[00:30:38.705]Most important factor we can consider,
[00:30:42.412]we know that when the wind speed doubles
[00:30:44.950]the pesticide drift that we're gonna see is gonna
[00:30:47.410]increase at 700% at 90 feet down away from that application.
[00:30:52.130]So when that label says maximum of 10 mile an hour,
[00:30:56.093]thinking that 15 or 20 mile an hour is gonna be okay.
[00:30:59.500]It's a falsity.
[00:31:01.450]One it's gonna put you off label,
[00:31:03.070]and two, it's gonna put you at a high risk
[00:31:04.590]for an off target movement standpoint.
[00:31:07.510]When we start thinking about wind,
[00:31:09.580]I'll tell you it's really important to measure
[00:31:11.420]the wind speed at the boom height,
[00:31:13.110]as we get higher and higher into the atmosphere,
[00:31:15.937]we see the wind speed go up.
[00:31:18.200]So make sure you're making those wind measurements
[00:31:20.680]at the boom hight.
[00:31:21.899]Secondly make sure that you take wind speed readings
[00:31:25.272]both at the beginning and at the end of the application.
[00:31:28.700]Make sure that those readings are between
[00:31:30.610]three and 10 mile an hour.
[00:31:32.790]I would tell you that, and I think others would agree
[00:31:35.926]if you can at all possible take wind readings
[00:31:39.110]at each reloading of the spray tank,
[00:31:42.053]it gives you an opportunity to make sure that
[00:31:45.450]you're staying within those boundaries.
[00:31:48.480]Now when we think about it, we talked about
[00:31:50.810]how important wind speed was in terms of
[00:31:52.420]off target movement.
[00:31:53.260]Here you can see exposure of tomato plants to dicamba
[00:31:57.420]at different distances ranging from six feet, 36 feet
[00:32:01.870]downwind, and you can see what happens when that wind
[00:32:04.410]goes from five mile an hour to a 11 mile an hour.
[00:32:06.940]Now this is with an XR nozzle that would not be
[00:32:09.110]an approved nozzle.
[00:32:10.310]We can overcome some of that with nozzle selection,
[00:32:13.496]but we can't completely overcome
[00:32:15.830]the off target movement issue.
[00:32:18.115]Here's an AI XR nozzle,
[00:32:19.830]so we've now gone from a fine to a coarse.
[00:32:22.031]You can see a significant reduction in both cases
[00:32:25.225]in terms of how much injury we are seeing on those tomatoes,
[00:32:27.608]however, again it's really critical that that wind speed
[00:32:33.393]be as low as possible.
[00:32:36.220]Here's an AI nozzle.
[00:32:37.290]So now we are into that very coarse.
[00:32:38.540]We are getting close what would be on label
[00:32:40.350]for a dicamba application with the new products
[00:32:42.847]and you can see a significant improvement.
[00:32:46.630]The nozzle is the first point that we want to look
[00:32:48.970]in terms of setting these applications up.
[00:32:51.640]Now, if winds are from zero to three mile an hour,
[00:32:54.750]that's also off label.
[00:32:56.630]The reason why is that those kind of conditions
[00:32:59.320]are indicative of temperature inversions.
[00:33:01.780]So we want to make sure that we don't have
[00:33:04.281]an application going out when that inversion is present.
[00:33:09.920]A temperature near the ground being cooler
[00:33:12.770]than the air above it prevents mixing,
[00:33:15.250]and it's gonna prevent dispersion and dilution
[00:33:18.430]of those driftable fines.
[00:33:21.480]It also causes small particles to get suspended.
[00:33:24.825]And a condition where we don't have predictable
[00:33:27.676]wind speeds or directions and so we really
[00:33:31.170]don't have control over where those small droplets
[00:33:33.122]are gonna go.
[00:33:35.880]Avoid temperature inversions at all cost.
[00:33:39.010]Here's just a real brief illustration of what
[00:33:42.080]a temperature inversion looks like.
[00:33:43.950]On the far left hand side, you'll see a condition
[00:33:48.550]where we don't have an inversion.
[00:33:50.540]We get that hot air coming up,
[00:33:52.896]the cool air coming up and we don't have that trapping.
[00:33:56.685]On this right hand side, we have a temperature inversion.
[00:34:01.710]You can see that cool air getting trapped,
[00:34:03.649]warm air above it and it creates this layer across here
[00:34:06.846]where the particles are gonna get entrained.
[00:34:11.340]These next couple of pictures are some pictures from
[00:34:13.784]Tim Creger with Nebraska Department of Ag.
[00:34:17.740]And you can see in these slides what conditions
[00:34:20.389]might look like when we have temperature inversions.
[00:34:23.360]So if we look here, you can see that smoke layer hanging,
[00:34:26.647]that smoke is hanging in there
[00:34:28.630]near the ground because of those temperature inversions.
[00:34:32.284]On this next slide, you can see a smoke cloud layer
[00:34:36.329]again hanging in that treeline.
[00:34:38.690]That smoke layer hanging in that treeline
[00:34:41.360]is again indicative of a temperature inversion.
[00:34:44.410]And I know many of you've drove down a dirt road
[00:34:47.459]or something like that early in the morning
[00:34:49.910]or late in the evening.
[00:34:51.230]That dust cloud gets hanging along the ground.
[00:34:53.927]Again another condition indicative of temperature aversion.
[00:34:58.408]Those are the types of situations where we just
[00:35:00.751]absolutely cannot afford to make an application.
[00:35:04.690]So again reemphasizing what we said earlier.
[00:35:08.543]Applications during temperature inversions
[00:35:11.788]are not on label.
[00:35:14.611]And there's also an application cutoff timing
[00:35:17.780]at one hour after sunrise to two hours before sunup.
[00:35:21.360]Again trying to avoid those temperature
[00:35:23.550]inversion conditions.
[00:35:26.550]Okay real quickly, we've got just the little bit
[00:35:29.190]of time left.
[00:35:30.074]We're gonna talk about boom height next.
[00:35:32.750]We know that when the boom height doubles
[00:35:34.540]we see a 350% increase in the drift that 90 feet downwind.
[00:35:40.400]Boom height is absolutely critical.
[00:35:42.780]For the new dicamba products
[00:35:44.370]we are not to exceed 24 inches above the target pest or
[00:35:48.380]canopy, and again we know that those excessive boom heights
[00:35:52.160]are gonna increase the drift potential.
[00:35:54.360]However, what most people don't take time to tell you
[00:35:58.110]is that not only is it important from a drift management
[00:36:01.990]standpoint, but an efficacy standpoint.
[00:36:04.470]Here you see two cards that were sprayed,
[00:36:07.755]both of them were sprayed with a TTI11004.
[00:36:10.450]This is an approved dicamba nozzle.
[00:36:13.150]At 60 PSI, again an approved pressure.
[00:36:15.695]10 mile per hour, 15 gallon per acre,
[00:36:18.210]so this is complete on label from
[00:36:19.890]a dicamba application standpoint.
[00:36:21.618]You can see the two cards have the exact same
[00:36:24.339]droplet size, exact same condition.
[00:36:27.170]However, if we look at the very bottom here
[00:36:29.000]you'll see that one has a 10% coverage or 9.5% coverage.
[00:36:33.290]While the other has about 14% coverage.
[00:36:35.164]The one difference between the two cards
[00:36:37.317]is the one that has the higher coverage
[00:36:39.238]on the right hand side was sprayed at 24 inch boom height.
[00:36:43.868]The other one on the left hand side
[00:36:46.000]that was just a little less than 10% coverage
[00:36:48.690]was sprayed at 39 inches.
[00:36:50.230]So that boom height was important both from
[00:36:52.068]a drift management standpoint
[00:36:55.080]but also a coverage standpoint.
[00:36:59.104]Now the next thing we wanna talk about is droplet size.
[00:37:02.536]Here you can see a droplet size distribution curve
[00:37:06.130]for an XR nozzle.
[00:37:08.207]This is a 110025 nozzle operated at 60 PSI.
[00:37:12.900]When we started talking about droplet size management
[00:37:14.980]this is the one area where we've got the most opportunity.
[00:37:18.530]Here with this particular application
[00:37:20.730]we see 26% of what we are applying in fines
[00:37:23.880]less than a 150 microns.
[00:37:25.910]First thing we can do in terms of droplet size management
[00:37:28.037]and managing drift from a droplet standpoint
[00:37:30.770]is cut the pressure.
[00:37:31.940]So we cut the pressure in half.
[00:37:33.280]We drop from 26% fines, to 15% fines.
[00:37:37.350]Next thing we can do is use large orifice nozzles.
[00:37:39.660]So when we double that orifice size
[00:37:42.820]or double that flow rate of that nozzle,
[00:37:45.810]you can see we go from 15% fines now down to 7.5.
[00:37:50.200]If we use lower drift nozzles in this case, TurboT,
[00:37:53.583]you can see we go from 7.5 to 2.8% fines
[00:37:56.848]and today with the application technology available,
[00:38:00.780]we have air induction nozzles.
[00:38:02.210]We have an air induction port to that TT nozzle,
[00:38:04.885]making it a TTI.
[00:38:06.828]We now have 0.2% fines less than a 150 microns.
[00:38:10.840]You can see why these labels are pushing us to these
[00:38:13.590]ultra coarse sprays.
[00:38:16.000]It really reduces the little fines,
[00:38:18.355]it reduces the risk of off target movement.
[00:38:22.460]So next couple of slides we wanna show,
[00:38:23.805]are just an illustration of what we would expect from
[00:38:26.908]an on label application in terms of drift.
[00:38:30.237]This is a deposition curve
[00:38:33.420]for a TTI11004 at 40 PSI.
[00:38:36.920]What you see is how much drift we have
[00:38:38.770]starting at 25 feet downwind
[00:38:40.371]and working our way out to 400 feet downwind.
[00:38:43.847]This is in a fraction we applied.
[00:38:46.290]So you can see we are 0.001% applied
[00:38:50.148]even at 25 feet downwind.
[00:38:52.530]Now if we think about that in terms of what it might
[00:38:55.540]look like on that soybean field,
[00:38:56.900]going back to our soybeans, it's a sensitive crop again.
[00:38:59.472]Here's what that plant looks like
[00:39:01.360]at 25 feet downwind.
[00:39:03.500]And here's what that plant is gonna lookalike
[00:39:05.950]at 400 feet downwind.
[00:39:07.233]Very flat deposition curve but at very low doses.
[00:39:10.721]We're gonna get symptomatology all the way across
[00:39:13.390]that field if it's 25, that sensitive field downwind
[00:39:17.620]if we spray right up to the field edge.
[00:39:19.460]That's why those buffer zones are very important.
[00:39:22.960]That's why that we say when there's a downwind
[00:39:24.990]sensitive crop, it's a do not spray situation
[00:39:27.703]because we're gonna see that symptomatology
[00:39:30.175]no matter how well we follow the label requirements
[00:39:34.100]in terms of application restrictions.
[00:39:37.700]To further illustrate that point
[00:39:39.430]this is a field near Stapleton Nebraska.
[00:39:42.070]And you can see we've got some areas here
[00:39:46.099]where the soybeans are dead.
[00:39:47.800]This is a non-dicamba tolerant field.
[00:39:49.580]And what we did is we sprayed in these areas right here,
[00:39:52.653]where we've got the dead soybeans.
[00:39:55.214]When the wind was blowing up the row,
[00:39:57.630]so you can see that wind coming up the rows here,
[00:39:59.301]when that wind is coming up the row
[00:40:02.180]that drift is following it up and we look to see
[00:40:04.260]how far out that drift would move under
[00:40:06.450]different application conditions.
[00:40:08.340]So what you see here we've labeled these out,
[00:40:11.583]on the side here, on the right hand side,
[00:40:14.850]that you see Engenia.
[00:40:15.920]This is a TTI11004 nozzle at 24 inch boom height.
[00:40:20.610]This is an on-label application both in terms of
[00:40:23.100]nozzle and boom height.
[00:40:25.210]Right next to it is the XtendiMax,
[00:40:27.830]exact same application conditions.
[00:40:29.740]You see that the physical particle drift
[00:40:31.720]between those two treatments looks very similar.
[00:40:34.350]Now as we start to work our way across this next one
[00:40:36.620]is a TTI11004 at 40 inch boom height.
[00:40:40.510]And if we look at that compared to the one right next
[00:40:42.500]to it, the only difference here is that 24 inch versus
[00:40:46.028]48 inch boom height, but you can see a significant
[00:40:49.136]increase in the amount of drift that's coming off here.
[00:40:52.290]Now when we continue across these next two RTT,
[00:40:56.410]TurboT instead of TurboT induction nozzles,
[00:40:59.080]so we've now got a legal nozzle.
[00:41:01.174]The first case at a legal boom height,
[00:41:03.950]and then a legal boom height
[00:41:05.540]and then working our way across the next two XR nozzles
[00:41:08.620]at 24 and 48 inch boom heights.
[00:41:11.070]And you can see how much difference there is.
[00:41:13.397]As soon as we violate the label either in terms of
[00:41:16.986]boom height or nozzle selection,
[00:41:19.201]we see a significant increase in the
[00:41:21.510]physical particle drift.
[00:41:23.000]When we talk about dicamba applications,
[00:41:25.080]it's real critical that we follow the recipe.
[00:41:28.320]Here's the data.
[00:41:29.153]I don't want to spend any time on that
[00:41:30.420]other than to say when we do make legal applications
[00:41:33.051]you see a significant reduction in the amount
[00:41:35.550]of the entry that occurs.
[00:41:37.750]Again as we've talked about be careful
[00:41:40.590]falling into this assumption that
[00:41:42.083]just because you see uniform symptomatology
[00:41:44.440]it's due to volatility.
[00:41:46.030]However, with that said, we don't want to
[00:41:48.623]pretend like volatility doesn't exist.
[00:41:51.329]Real briefly, this is some work that we've done
[00:41:54.459]looking at volatility.
[00:41:55.962]This data that I'm gonna present is a multi-state effort.
[00:41:59.765]What we do is we put flat sprayed with dicamba
[00:42:03.130]in between two soybean rows.
[00:42:04.750]We put these hoop houses up
[00:42:05.873]and leave those up for 48 hours.
[00:42:08.240]We let the dicamba volatilize off that soil
[00:42:10.770]and then we look to see how much injury there is.
[00:42:12.771]So you can see the flats over on the left hand side.
[00:42:16.038]We stick those in the middle of the two soybean rows.
[00:42:18.610]Put the hoop houses up.
[00:42:19.950]And then we look to see what happens at 48,
[00:42:23.370]we remove that at 48 hours
[00:42:24.577]and we look to see what happens for the next four weeks.
[00:42:28.860]In 2017, we did the study.
[00:42:31.303]We looked at different dicamba formulations,
[00:42:34.170]knowing that Banvel is more volatile
[00:42:36.931]than some of the newer formulations.
[00:42:39.290]And we want to make those comparisons.
[00:42:41.890]So when we did that we looked at how those soybeans
[00:42:45.410]responded, and here's kind of the breakdown of what we got.
[00:42:50.966]We got the Banvel up here in the top left hand corner.
[00:42:54.640]You can see all of the cupping that's occurring
[00:42:56.807]around that flag.
[00:42:58.100]The flag indicates where that flat was setting.
[00:43:01.030]When we look at clarity, clarity was a DGEA formulation
[00:43:04.750]that came out with reduced volatility.
[00:43:07.150]You can see there's a whole lot less cupping
[00:43:10.230]than what there was with Banvel.
[00:43:11.860]When we look at Engenia and XtendiMax,
[00:43:14.932]very similar to each other.
[00:43:16.578]Maybe a slight bit better than the Clarity
[00:43:19.380]but very similar.
[00:43:21.160]Here is our XtendiMax plus AMS.
[00:43:24.030]Again we talked about it.
[00:43:25.410]The AMS is absolutely detrimental in terms of volatility.
[00:43:30.130]Significantly increases volatility.
[00:43:32.050]You can see all the cupping that's occurring
[00:43:34.010]on those plants going up the row.
[00:43:35.740]And then the last one here is Roundup Xtend,
[00:43:38.170]and very, very similar to the other crop products.
[00:43:41.840]Here's the data showing how much injury we get.
[00:43:44.630]And again, if you look you can see that top curve
[00:43:47.240]that orange curve coming up across there.
[00:43:50.233]That's our AMS plus XtendiMax.
[00:43:53.400]That AMS in that tank is just not a good deal.
[00:43:56.300]We are spraying other products,
[00:43:57.670]we got to make sure that AMS is cleaned out
[00:43:59.530]before we put dicamba in.
[00:44:02.051]The other curve that's really high is this blue one here.
[00:44:05.612]That blue one is our Banvel.
[00:44:07.430]So we know Banvel is the high volatility potential.
[00:44:11.600]We need to stay away from any formulation
[00:44:13.720]that's not labeled, particularly because of the volatility
[00:44:17.100]issues that could occur.
[00:44:18.910]Alright, with the last minute or two,
[00:44:20.610]that we've got left, I wanna wrap up by talking about
[00:44:23.187]resistance management and really when I talk about
[00:44:26.970]resistance management I'm talking about making sure
[00:44:28.920]that we make applications from a good quality standpoint
[00:44:32.490]to maximize efficacy.
[00:44:34.750]So just in wrapping up,
[00:44:36.440]we talked about spray volume,
[00:44:38.077]minimum spray volume for the new dicamba formulations
[00:44:42.120]is gonna be 15 gallon per acre.
[00:44:44.100]I'm gonna tell you go ahead and move to 20 gallon per acre.
[00:44:46.632]I know for some operations going to 15 is painful enough
[00:44:50.090]but if you move to 20 I think you're gonna be
[00:44:52.507]much happier in the long-term in terms of product
[00:44:54.703]performance and resistance management.
[00:44:57.630]And it really has to do with how much coverage
[00:44:59.730]and how many droplets we're putting out there.
[00:45:02.410]You can see on this slide
[00:45:04.260]and full dicamba applications were in that
[00:45:07.190]700 to 1000 micron droplet range.
[00:45:10.390]At 10 gallon per acre we would've only had 12 droplets
[00:45:12.990]per square inch.
[00:45:14.050]With the on-label application at 15 gallon per acre
[00:45:16.676]we get 18 droplets per square inch.
[00:45:18.672]If I just move up to another five gallons
[00:45:21.780]of that 20 gallon per acre, I'm gonna get 24 droplets
[00:45:24.470]and while it doesn't seem like a huge difference
[00:45:26.608]those extra droplets are gonna make sure that
[00:45:29.450]we reach all the targets we get better control,
[00:45:32.112]better coverage and better kill.
[00:45:34.170]It's gonna keep those products viable for you long-term
[00:45:36.980]in a much more sustainable way.
[00:45:40.810]These three cards here show what a TurboT induction nozzle
[00:45:44.213]looks like from a 10 gallon per acre,
[00:45:46.953]15 gallon per acre, and 20 gallon per acre application.
[00:45:50.740]You can see the one thing we did is change the speed.
[00:45:54.210]So all we did is we reduced the speed down
[00:45:56.130]so that we maintain the exact same droplet size.
[00:45:58.384]So across those three cards we have exact same droplet
[00:46:01.726]size, however, you can see how much difference there is
[00:46:04.780]in the coverage, particularly when we go from 10 to 15,
[00:46:07.450]but also from 15 to 20 GPA.
[00:46:11.920]Alright, just showing you what that might look like
[00:46:15.760]in the field.
[00:46:16.700]This is again at a five gallon per acre application.
[00:46:19.428]So off label but it illustrates the point of how
[00:46:23.157]important it is to get good coverage.
[00:46:25.845]This is 14 days after application.
[00:46:27.713]What you see here, here is control.
[00:46:29.380]This is the field, it shows the background
[00:46:32.501]of the Palmer amaranth population in this field.
[00:46:36.250]And then the control that we get from 150, 300,
[00:46:38.927]450, 600, 750, and 900 micron droplets.
[00:46:43.930]From 150 to 750 you can see that the control
[00:46:47.205]is not a whole lot different.
[00:46:49.310]However, when we start again in these really large
[00:46:51.230]droplets, really low volume, you can see
[00:46:53.533]there's 900 micron treatment
[00:46:55.627]even though it had the exact same amount of
[00:46:58.230]dicamba applied as the other treatments,
[00:46:59.964]we didn't get very good control.
[00:47:02.640]So it again comes down to making sure
[00:47:05.230]that we set this application up to be as efficacious
[00:47:07.346]as possible so that we mitigate any potential risk
[00:47:10.347]of off target movement
[00:47:12.521]but yet make sure that product is working
[00:47:14.670]as effectively as possible.
[00:47:17.060]When we did that we did some non-linear aggression.
[00:47:19.440]You can see at five gallon per acre.
[00:47:21.290]The optimum droplet size is a 150 micron.
[00:47:23.610]So highly prone to drift.
[00:47:25.459]But if we move to that 20 gallon per acre,
[00:47:28.310]now the optimum droplet size is 626 microns.
[00:47:31.185]We are getting into a range where we can make
[00:47:33.178]an on-label application.
[00:47:35.860]Alright, in summary there's a lot of things
[00:47:38.310]to consider here.
[00:47:39.657]Some of the most important ones are always read
[00:47:43.460]and follow label instructions.
[00:47:45.500]It's absolutely critical that you're not only
[00:47:48.244]reading and following but with these new products
[00:47:51.101]because of how many rules and restrictions there are
[00:47:53.936]I would encourage you to study the label.
[00:47:56.919]Next, nozzle selection has a great impact on particle size
[00:48:01.371]picking the right nozzle is the first point
[00:48:04.650]that we wanna start considering on how
[00:48:06.660]to make that application.
[00:48:08.770]Adjuvants can reduce drift potential.
[00:48:10.810]They have to be tested.
[00:48:11.920]Make sure you're using approved adjuvants
[00:48:14.290]when you make those applications.
[00:48:15.980]Again consulting that website.
[00:48:18.460]There's no substitute for common sense.
[00:48:20.915]So when the wind's blowing, we're gonna get particles
[00:48:23.732]that move, make sure that you're following the label
[00:48:27.690]so that we mitigate any risk there.
[00:48:29.904]Pay attention to sensitive and surrounding vegetation.
[00:48:33.590]Consult drift watch or other sites that have label
[00:48:37.359]or have information about sensitive areas around you.
[00:48:40.830]Make sure that before you pull into that field
[00:48:43.230]and start spraying that you're taking time to
[00:48:44.847]check those surrounding areas.
[00:48:46.641]This part is absolutely critical in mitigating
[00:48:49.623]off target movement and mitigating any risk
[00:48:52.701]in that application.
[00:48:54.369]Lastly understand that drift is going to happen.
[00:48:57.542]It's our responsibility to do everything we can
[00:49:00.180]to mitigate that drift and following that label
[00:49:02.929]is just absolutely critical in doing that.
[00:49:06.230]Hopefully you've picked up a little bit from this
[00:49:08.628]makes your more successful this year.
[00:49:10.803]There's a lot of tips in here that I think you can apply to
[00:49:13.668]all applications.
[00:49:16.460]Good luck and have a safe and successful growing season.

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Dicamba - Calibration and Cleanout

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