Gene Regions

Grace Troupe, Presenter Author

10/11/2018 Added

1981 Plays

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Genetic engineers must understand the 3 gene regions and how they work. This allows them to change certain regions to get the transgene to be expressed in the desired area.

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[00:00:06.840]Genetic engineers need to understand
[00:00:08.880]all the regions of a gene in order
[00:00:10.960]to make sure that it works properly.
[00:00:13.670]So here, we'll be learning about the different regions
[00:00:18.320]of a gene and how you can change them
[00:00:20.350]to get them to do what you need.
[00:00:22.860]So every cell has thousands upon thousands of genes,
[00:00:27.740]and each of these genes has three distinct regions.
[00:00:31.330]And so the first one is the promoter,
[00:00:33.920]and the second one we'll focus on is the coding region.
[00:00:37.840]So the promoter is like the on/off switch of a gene.
[00:00:42.620]It determines where the gene is turned on
[00:00:45.470]and copies of it are made.
[00:00:48.920]So if it's a strong promoter, it'll make lots of copies.
[00:00:51.910]If it's a weak promoter, it won't make very many copies.
[00:00:55.270]And the other thing about promoters
[00:00:56.900]is they're very specific to certain areas.
[00:01:00.150]So there are some promoters
[00:01:01.480]that only turn on genes in green tissue.
[00:01:04.290]There are some promoters that only turn on genes
[00:01:07.170]in the water uptake systems.
[00:01:10.790]So by choosing a different promoter, you can change how
[00:01:16.120]and where the gene is expressed.
[00:01:20.860]So then the second region is the coding region,
[00:01:24.430]and this what's actually copied,
[00:01:26.650]to then go to make a protein.
[00:01:29.040]And the protein is what gives the trait.
[00:01:31.410]So this coding region is actually, it codes for a trait.
[00:01:36.370]So now let's take a moment to think about
[00:01:38.500]what the promoter was from
[00:01:40.150]and what the coding region was from in Madan's story.
[00:01:44.420]So we wanted the gene to be turned on in the roots
[00:01:48.800]of the soybean because that's where the pathogen infects.
[00:01:52.530]So where do you think we got the promoter from?
[00:01:57.670]From soybeans, yes, so we got a root-specific promoter.
[00:02:02.000]And then we wanted resistance to the SDS pathogen,
[00:02:05.440]and Madan had found an Arabidopsis plant
[00:02:08.580]that naturally had resistance.
[00:02:10.770]So that was the source of our coding region.
[00:02:13.670]He was then able to stitch these two regions together
[00:02:20.010]to make the transgene, and so this is what was used
[00:02:24.270]in his process.
[00:02:31.300]So these are the typical first steps of a genetic engineer
[00:02:35.600]as they are trying to make a transgene.
[00:02:39.120]They first need to identify a promoter
[00:02:41.110]and the proper coding region, put them together,
[00:02:44.520]before they can ever be introduced into the plant
[00:02:47.030]that you'd like to have the trait in the end.
[00:02:56.230]The last region that we can mention
[00:02:58.980]is the termination sequence,
[00:03:00.480]and this determines where
[00:03:02.680]the gene finishes copying.
[00:03:05.580]So this is the end of the gene.
[00:03:11.270]So knowing these regions is essential
[00:03:14.030]to be a genetic engineer.
[00:03:16.010]You need to know how to pick out the correct regions.
[00:03:19.190]That way, when you put the right promoter
[00:03:21.560]with the right coding region,
[00:03:23.530]you can get the end result that you're looking for.

Gene Regions

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Gene Regions

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