Gene Regions
Grace Troupe, Presenter
Author
10/11/2018
Added
1981
Plays
Description
Genetic engineers must understand the 3 gene regions and how they work. This allows them to change certain regions to get the transgene to be expressed in the desired area.
Searchable Transcript
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- [00:00:06.840]Genetic engineers need to understand
- [00:00:08.880]all the regions of a gene in order
- [00:00:10.960]to make sure that it works properly.
- [00:00:13.670]So here, we'll be learning about the different regions
- [00:00:18.320]of a gene and how you can change them
- [00:00:20.350]to get them to do what you need.
- [00:00:22.860]So every cell has thousands upon thousands of genes,
- [00:00:27.740]and each of these genes has three distinct regions.
- [00:00:31.330]And so the first one is the promoter,
- [00:00:33.920]and the second one we'll focus on is the coding region.
- [00:00:37.840]So the promoter is like the on/off switch of a gene.
- [00:00:42.620]It determines where the gene is turned on
- [00:00:45.470]and copies of it are made.
- [00:00:48.920]So if it's a strong promoter, it'll make lots of copies.
- [00:00:51.910]If it's a weak promoter, it won't make very many copies.
- [00:00:55.270]And the other thing about promoters
- [00:00:56.900]is they're very specific to certain areas.
- [00:01:00.150]So there are some promoters
- [00:01:01.480]that only turn on genes in green tissue.
- [00:01:04.290]There are some promoters that only turn on genes
- [00:01:07.170]in the water uptake systems.
- [00:01:10.790]So by choosing a different promoter, you can change how
- [00:01:16.120]and where the gene is expressed.
- [00:01:20.860]So then the second region is the coding region,
- [00:01:24.430]and this what's actually copied,
- [00:01:26.650]to then go to make a protein.
- [00:01:29.040]And the protein is what gives the trait.
- [00:01:31.410]So this coding region is actually, it codes for a trait.
- [00:01:36.370]So now let's take a moment to think about
- [00:01:38.500]what the promoter was from
- [00:01:40.150]and what the coding region was from in Madan's story.
- [00:01:44.420]So we wanted the gene to be turned on in the roots
- [00:01:48.800]of the soybean because that's where the pathogen infects.
- [00:01:52.530]So where do you think we got the promoter from?
- [00:01:57.670]From soybeans, yes, so we got a root-specific promoter.
- [00:02:02.000]And then we wanted resistance to the SDS pathogen,
- [00:02:05.440]and Madan had found an Arabidopsis plant
- [00:02:08.580]that naturally had resistance.
- [00:02:10.770]So that was the source of our coding region.
- [00:02:13.670]He was then able to stitch these two regions together
- [00:02:20.010]to make the transgene, and so this is what was used
- [00:02:24.270]in his process.
- [00:02:31.300]So these are the typical first steps of a genetic engineer
- [00:02:35.600]as they are trying to make a transgene.
- [00:02:39.120]They first need to identify a promoter
- [00:02:41.110]and the proper coding region, put them together,
- [00:02:44.520]before they can ever be introduced into the plant
- [00:02:47.030]that you'd like to have the trait in the end.
- [00:02:56.230]The last region that we can mention
- [00:02:58.980]is the termination sequence,
- [00:03:00.480]and this determines where
- [00:03:02.680]the gene finishes copying.
- [00:03:05.580]So this is the end of the gene.
- [00:03:11.270]So knowing these regions is essential
- [00:03:14.030]to be a genetic engineer.
- [00:03:16.010]You need to know how to pick out the correct regions.
- [00:03:19.190]That way, when you put the right promoter
- [00:03:21.560]with the right coding region,
- [00:03:23.530]you can get the end result that you're looking for.
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- Tags:
- genetic engineering
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