“Catching Up or Leading the Way: American Education in the Age of Globalization” - Yong Zhao
Yong Zhao
Author
03/21/2014
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Lecture Summary
- Zhao’s book of the same title, “Catching Up or Leading the Way: American Education in the Age of Globalization,” addresses these and other questions.
- At a time when globalization and technology are dramatically altering the world we live in, is education reform in the United States headed down the right path?
- Are schools emphasizing the knowledge and skills that students need in a global society? Or, are they undermining students’ strengths by overemphasizing high-stakes testing and standardization?
- Are education systems in China and other countries as superior as some people claim?
- American education is at a crossroads. We need to change course to maintain leadership in a rapidly changing world. How should we redesign our educational system?
Searchable Transcript
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- [00:00:00.000]♪ MUSIC ♪
- [00:00:37.333]>> GOOD EVENING.
- [00:00:37.967]I AM PROFESSOR LLOYD AMBROSIUS IN UNL'S DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY.
- [00:00:42.066]IT IS MY PLEASURE AS CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM COMMITTEE OF THE
- [00:00:47.300]E.N. THOMPSON FORUM ON WORLD ISSUES TO WELCOME YOU TO THIS
- [00:00:52.200]EVENING'S LECTURE.
- [00:00:53.400]FOUNDED BY E.N. JACK THOMPSON AND LATER NAMED IN HIS HONOR,
- [00:01:01.166]THE FORUM IS DESIGNED TO ENGAGE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA
- [00:01:05.867]COMMUNITY AND GENERAL PUBLIC IN IMPORTANT ISSUES THAT AFFECT ALL
- [00:01:10.633]OF US IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD.
- [00:01:13.533]WE'RE GRATEFUL TO THE THOMPSON FAMILY AND COOPER FOUNDATION FOR
- [00:01:17.800]THEIR GENEROUS SUPPORT OF THIS LECTURE SERIES.
- [00:01:20.633]WE APPRECIATE COSPONSORSHIP OF TONIGHT'S LECTURE BY THE COLLEGE
- [00:01:24.533]OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN SCIENCES.
- [00:01:27.734]WE ALSO THANK THE LEAD CENTER, NEBRASKA EDUCATIONAL
- [00:01:32.333]TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND THE UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE FOR
- [00:01:36.633]THEIR SUPPORT.
- [00:01:37.400]LECTURES ARE AVAILABLE LIVE ON LINCOLN TIME WARNER CABLE
- [00:01:42.300]DIGITAL CHANNEL 80 AND ANALOG CHANNEL 99.
- [00:01:47.166]UNL CAMPUS CHANNEL 8, AND UNL'S KRNU RADIO, 90.3FM.
- [00:01:55.800]THIS EVENING'S LECTURE CATCHING UP ON LEADING THE WAY AMERICAN
- [00:02:01.567]EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION IS BY YONG ZHAO.
- [00:02:06.367]HE IS AN INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED SCHOLAR ON THE
- [00:02:10.567]IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY ON EDUCATION.
- [00:02:13.934]HE CURRENTLY SERVES AS PRESIDENTIAL CHAIR AND ASSOCIATE
- [00:02:19.100]DEAN FOR GLOBAL EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON WHERE HE IS
- [00:02:22.500]ALSO WEINMAN PROFESSOR TECHNOLOGY AND A PROFESSOR IN
- [00:02:28.967]THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT,
- [00:02:35.934]POLICY AND LEADERSHIP.
- [00:02:37.967]PROFESSOR YONG ZHAO IS THE AUTHOR OF MORE THAN 20 BOOKS
- [00:02:44.433]INCLUDING, AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, AND --
- [00:02:47.767]"CATCHING UP OR LEADING THE WAY: AMERICAN EDUCATION IN THE
- [00:02:49.433]AGE OF GLOBALIZATION".
- [00:02:49.967]HE IS A WINNER OF THE EARLY CAREER AWARD FROM THE AMERICAN
- [00:02:54.500]EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION.
- [00:02:56.800]AFTER HIS LECTURE THIS EVENING, YOU'LL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO
- [00:03:00.867]ASK QUESTIONS OF OUR SPEAKER, BY WRITING THEM ON CARDS PROVIDED
- [00:03:05.433]BY THE USHERS.
- [00:03:07.667]NOW JOIN ME IN WELCOMING YONG ZHAO TO NEBRASKA.
- [00:03:12.066][ APPLAUSE ] >> GOOD EVENING, IT'S GREAT TO
- [00:03:24.066]BE IN NEBRASKA.
- [00:03:25.567]IT'S A STATE YOU CAN'T REALLY AVOID WHEN YOU WANT TO CROSS THE
- [00:03:30.233]COUNTRY.
- [00:03:30.567][ LAUGHTER ] SO IT'S REALLY BEAUTIFUL
- [00:03:33.033]TO BE HERE.
- [00:03:33.333]I LIVED IN MIDWEST FOR A WHILE, AND NOW I LIVE IN OREGON.
- [00:03:37.934]SO THIS IS A MUST-GO THROUGH PLACE.
- [00:03:40.166]THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME HERE IN LINCOLN, AND TONIGHT I'M GOING
- [00:03:44.467]TO REALLY TRY TO SHARE SOME OF MY OBSERVATIONS WITH YOU ABOUT
- [00:03:48.433]MAJOR EDUCATIONAL ISSUES.
- [00:03:50.800]SO IT'S REALLY STARTED FROM MY OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCE WITH
- [00:03:54.834]THIS, WITH THIS BOOK OF SEVERAL YEARS AGO, WHEN I WAS RUNNING
- [00:04:02.266]DIFFERENT CONFERENCES, I DISCOVERED A VERY INTERESTING
- [00:04:06.767]PHENOMENON.
- [00:04:07.166]THAT IS CHINA WAS REFORMING ITS EDUCATION TO BE MORE LIKE
- [00:04:11.467]AMERICA, AND AMERICA WAS REFORMING THEIR EDUCATION TO BE
- [00:04:15.166]MORE LIKE CHINA.
- [00:04:16.399][ LAUGHTER ] SO IT WAS AN
- [00:04:19.367]INTERESTING PARADOX.
- [00:04:19.700]I THINK BOTH COUNTRIES WANT TO END UP IN HAWAII.
- [00:04:22.767]THAT'S THE PARADISE OF EDUCATION.
- [00:04:24.734][ LAUGHTER ] SO I WROTE THIS BOOK SEVERAL
- [00:04:28.367]YEARS AGO AND FINISHED ANOTHER BOOK THAT DIRECTLY DEALS WITH
- [00:04:35.233]CHINA, THAT HAS TO DO WITH WHAT'S GOING ON IN CHINA, WHAT'S
- [00:04:38.834]HAPPENING THERE, AND LAST YEAR I FINISHED A DIFFERENT BOOK ABOUT
- [00:04:43.734]REALLY WHERE EDUCATION SHOULD BE HEADED.
- [00:04:45.767]SO TONIGHT I'M GOING TO REALLY COMBINE MY OBSERVATIONS OF THREE
- [00:04:49.433]BOOKS AND TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT WHAT I THINK EDUCATION NEEDS TO
- [00:04:54.266]GO, WHERE WE NEED TO GO, AND WHAT HAPPENS.
- [00:04:57.533]SO FIRST OF ALL, LET'S START WITH A VERY TOUGH QUESTION FOR
- [00:05:00.600]YOU TO THINK ABOUT.
- [00:05:01.533]A QUESTION THAT HAS TO DO WITH AMERICAN EDUCATION REFORMS.
- [00:05:05.867]YOU KNOW AMERICA HAS BEEN DOING REFORMS OVER THE LAST TWO TO
- [00:05:10.533]THREE DECADES, LED AT A NATIONAL LEVEL.
- [00:05:14.266]WE HAVE CHANGED THE NATION'S EDUCATION LANDSCAPE IN THE U.S.
- [00:05:18.567]FROM NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND, AND THAT'S GEORGE BUSH IF YOU
- [00:05:22.667]REMEMBER HIM, STILL.
- [00:05:24.033]I DON'T KNOW.
- [00:05:25.667]TO OBAMA'S RACE TO THE TOP.
- [00:05:28.367]YOU REALIZE THIS IDEA, THE IDEA
- [00:05:34.400]WITH BOTH MAJOR NATIONAL INITIATIVES IS THE QUESTION
- [00:05:37.667]ABOUT WHERE WE WANT TO GO.
- [00:05:39.667]AND WHEN NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND WAS STARTED -- I'M STILL WORKING
- [00:05:44.600]ON SOMETHING, NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND IN WHAT?
- [00:05:47.867]SOMETIMES YOU WANT YOUR CHILDREN TO BE LEFT BEHIND.
- [00:05:49.967]SOME PLACES ARE NICE WHEN GOING THERE.
- [00:05:52.500]AND WITH OBAMA'S INITIATIVE, THE IDEA OF RACE TO THE TOP.
- [00:05:59.934]YOU NEVER WANT TO GO TO THE TOP TOO FAST.
- [00:06:02.700]ONCE YOU GET TO THE TOP THE ONLY PLACE YOU CAN GO IS DOWN.
- [00:06:05.834]THAT'S NOT VERY NICE.
- [00:06:08.166]IF I WERE OBAMA I WOULD SAY CRAWL TO THE TOP AND TAKE
- [00:06:12.000]ANOTHER 50 YEARS, HOWEVER, ACTUALLY, IN THIS COUNTRY I'LL
- [00:06:17.100]OBSERVE THAT THE REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS AGREE ON ONE ISSUE.
- [00:06:20.400]HOW TO DESTROY OUR PUBLIC EDUCATION.
- [00:06:24.367][ APPLAUSE ] IF YOU THINK ABOUT THAT, I'M
- [00:06:33.567]ALWAYS IMAGINING OBAMA SECRETLY WORKING TOGETHER WITH
- [00:06:36.867]GEORGE BUSH.
- [00:06:37.166]SO OBAMA SAYS NO CHILD IS LEFT BEHIND AND OBAMA SAYS THIS RACE
- [00:06:41.000]TO THE TOP, AND PUSH THEM OFF THE CLIFF.
- [00:06:44.467]MISSION ACCOMPLISHED.
- [00:06:46.800][ LAUGHTER ] THIS MAJOR EDUCATION CHANGE HAS
- [00:06:52.166]ACTUALLY TO DO WITH A BIGGER CONCERN OF AMERICAN LOSING ITS
- [00:06:58.066]COMPETITIVE EDGE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION.
- [00:07:00.767]OTHER COUNTRIES ARE SURPASSING US AND OBAMA SAYS WE HAVE TO
- [00:07:06.600]OUT-EDUCATE AND OUT-COMPETE OTHER COUNTRIES.
- [00:07:09.800]SO YOU HEAR THIS EVERY DAY.
- [00:07:12.700]THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT HOW AMERICAN EDUCATION IS GETTING
- [00:07:16.600]WORSE, IS IN DECLINE.
- [00:07:18.000]SO LET'S START WITH THE FIRST MAJOR QUESTION FOR YOU TO
- [00:07:21.400]THINK ABOUT.
- [00:07:22.400]THE IDEA THAT WHAT MAKES A GREAT EDUCATION AND IS AMERICAN
- [00:07:27.400]EDUCATION TRULY, TRULY CHANGING A LOT.
- [00:07:29.800]SO THE BIG QUESTION THAT WE KNOW IN THE U.S. IS THIS ONE.
- [00:07:35.867]I WANT YOU TO PONDER THIS QUESTION.
- [00:07:38.033]WHY IS AMERICA STILL HERE?
- [00:07:41.967]THIS IS NOT A CANADIAN QUESTION.
- [00:07:44.266]THE CANADIANS WANT TO KNOW, BUT IT'S AN AMERICAN QUESTION.
- [00:07:48.066]WHY ARE WE STILL HERE?
- [00:07:50.700]AS I SAID, WE THINK, WE ARE TOLD EACH DAY, AMERICAN EDUCATION IS
- [00:07:56.066]IN DECLINE, IS GETTING WORSE.
- [00:08:00.066]BUT HISTORICAL DATA WOULD
- [00:08:04.667]SHOW THAT AMERICAN EDUCATION IS NOT IN DECLINE, IT IS NOT
- [00:08:07.900]GETTING WORSE.
- [00:08:08.800]IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN BAD.
- [00:08:10.200][ LAUGHTER ] IT HAS BEEN BAD FOR A LONG TIME.
- [00:08:13.767]FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO REMEMBER 1958, THAT'S THE YEAR AFTER
- [00:08:18.100]1957, THAT'S WHY IT'S IMPORTANT.
- [00:08:20.567]1957 WAS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THAT'S THE YEAR THE FIRST
- [00:08:27.266]MAN-MADE [ INDISCERNIBLE ]
- [00:08:28.700]WAS LAUNCHED BY THE CIVIL UNION.
- [00:08:30.734]AND THE LIFE MAGAZINE HAD A SPECIAL COVER STORY SHOWING HOW
- [00:08:34.933]MUCH WORSE AMERICAN EDUCATION WAS COMPARED TO THAT IN A CIVIL
- [00:08:41.100]UNION, WITH TWO STUDENTS ON THE COVER.
- [00:08:43.433]ONE IS AMERICAN STUDENT FROM CHICAGO, ONE IS FROM MOSCOW.
- [00:08:47.700]I DON'T HAVE TO TELL YOU WHICH ONE IS AMERICAN AND WHICH ONE
- [00:08:51.066]IS A RUSSIAN.
- [00:08:51.967]BECAUSE THE AMERICAN STUDENT IS SMILING TOO MUCH.
- [00:08:54.633][ LAUGHTER ] BY THE WAY, ACCORDING TO THE
- [00:08:57.667]ARTICLE, AMERICAN EDUCATION, THAT MAKES STEVEN HAPPY IS THE
- [00:09:02.533]ONE THAT'S GOING TO DOOM AMERICA'S FUTURE BECAUSE WE DID
- [00:09:07.333]NOT HAVE RIGOROUS CURRICULUM, HIGH EXPECTATIONS,
- [00:09:13.133]AND STEVEN WAS PLAYING TOO MUCH
- [00:09:17.100]WITH HIS GIRLFRIEND.
- [00:09:17.500]THAT'S THE IDEA.
- [00:09:18.533]AND ALEX, DOES ONLY HIGH CLASS GAMES LIKE CHESS IN RUSSIA.
- [00:09:24.567]THAT WAS A VERY INTERESTING TIME TO OBSERVE THIS.
- [00:09:26.934]OF COURSE THE SYSTEM CHANGED.
- [00:09:28.667]IN THE END, RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION DOESN'T EXIST, AND
- [00:09:32.400]I THINK ALEX MOVED TO THE U.S.
- [00:09:35.100]AND BECAME AN ENGINEER AFTERWARDS.
- [00:09:37.800]SO SOME INTERESTING -- BUT THAT'S JUST ONE TIME.
- [00:09:40.834]IN TERMS OF OUR MEASUREMENT, TEST SCORES, IN 1964, THE FIRST
- [00:09:53.367]MATHEMATICS STUDIES SHOWED AMERICA'S 12th GRADERS RANKED
- [00:09:57.633]12 OUT OF 12 COUNTRIES.
- [00:09:59.166]THAT'S PRETTY BAD IF YOU DO MATH.
- [00:10:01.567]AND WE'RE BASING IT AT THE BOTTOM.
- [00:10:04.100]THAT'S 12 OUT OF THE WESTERN DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES.
- [00:10:06.166]YOU REMEMBER THE COLD WAR, SO THE OTHER COUNTRIES
- [00:10:11.166]DID NOT PARTICIPATE.
- [00:10:11.900]AFTER THAT WE HAD A SECOND AND THIRD INTERNATIONAL
- [00:10:18.967]MATHEMATICS STUDY.
- [00:10:20.300]ALL OF THE STUDIES SHOW THAT AMERICA NEVER HAD A GOOD HOLD IN
- [00:10:27.467]EDUCATION, MEASURED IN TEST SCORES.
- [00:10:29.834]SO WE'VE HAD BAD EDUCATION FOR OVER HALF A CENTURY.
- [00:10:34.400]YOU THINK IF EDUCATION MATTERED, YOUR TEST SCORES MEASURED
- [00:10:39.233]ACCORDING TO EDUCATION, AMERICA SHOULD NOT BE HERE.
- [00:10:42.033]THAT'S WHY I RAISE THE QUESTION THAT AMERICA, WHY IS AMERICA
- [00:10:45.066]STILL HERE?
- [00:10:45.867]AMERICA IS NOT ONLY STILL HERE, ACCORDING TO PRESIDENT OBAMA, IN
- [00:10:51.867]HIS UNION ADDRESS IN 2011, AMERICA STILL HAS THE LARGEST,
- [00:10:57.433]MOST PROSPEROUS ECONOMY IN THE WORLD.
- [00:11:00.100]WHICH, BY THE WAY, ACTUALLY IS TRUE.
- [00:11:02.600]IT IS FACTUAL, AT LEAST MORE FACTUAL THAN SOME OF
- [00:11:08.567]HIS OTHER FACTS.
- [00:11:08.867][ LAUGHTER ] SO HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN THIS?
- [00:11:11.300]INTERESTING TO THINK ABOUT.
- [00:11:13.166]SO THAT'S A QUESTION I WANT YOU TO PONDER ABOUT, WHAT MEASURES
- [00:11:17.967]AS GOOD EDUCATION.
- [00:11:18.867]AND RECENTLY OF COURSE CHINA HAS RISEN TO BE THE
- [00:11:24.467]STAR OF EDUCATION.
- [00:11:24.834]SO THE SECOND QUESTION I RAISE IS THAT WHY DIDN'T CHINA HAVE A
- [00:11:28.867]BIG PARTY?
- [00:11:30.500]THIS IS NOT THE COMMUNIST PARTY WHICH IS ACTUALLY QUITE LARGE.
- [00:11:35.767]THIS IS A CELEBRATION PARTY, THAT IS TO CELEBRATE
- [00:11:39.633]CHINA'S ACHIEVEMENT.
- [00:11:40.033]YOU KNOW HOW EAGER THE CHINA COMMUNIST PARTY IS TO CELEBRATE
- [00:11:44.567]ANY INTERNATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, BUT NOT IN THIS ONE.
- [00:11:47.166]THIS WAS THE RESULT OF THE RELEASE OF PISA IN 2009.
- [00:11:53.133]SO THE FIRST TIME THAT CHINA PARTICIPATED IN ANY
- [00:12:00.700]INTERNATIONAL STUDIES.
- [00:12:03.100]PISA IS THE LARGEST INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC
- [00:12:08.400]HORSE RACE.
- [00:12:09.600]SO IT'S A TEST, 50 YEARS OLD, THREE SUBJECTS RUN BY EVERY
- [00:12:13.633]THREE YEARS.
- [00:12:14.500]CHINA FOR THE FIRST TIME, STUDENTS FROM
- [00:12:19.166]SHANGHAI PARTICIPATED.
- [00:12:19.600]AS YOU CAN SEE, THESE ARE THE TOP TEN COUNTRIES, STUDENTS FROM
- [00:12:24.967]SHANGHAI TOOK NUMBER ONE EVERY CATEGORY.
- [00:12:27.600]CHINA REPEATED THE SAME SUCCESS LAST YEAR, STILL NUMBER ONE IN
- [00:12:30.867]ALL CATEGORIES.
- [00:12:31.667]THERE'S THE TOP TEN.
- [00:12:32.767]WE LOOK FOR THE U.S., THE SCREEN IS TOO SMALL, I CANNOT
- [00:12:37.200]PUT IT THERE.
- [00:12:37.533]YOU CAN'T FIND IT.
- [00:12:39.400]SO THIS IS SUPPOSED TO BE A MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT, AND INDEED,
- [00:12:42.900]MANY OUTSIDE OBSERVERS THINK THERE'S A BIG ACHIEVEMENT.
- [00:12:46.800]THEY THINK CHINA HAS DONE EVERYTHING RIGHT IN EDUCATION.
- [00:12:53.066]A GREAT WRITER, THOMAS FREEDMAN, REMEMBER HOW THE WORLD IS FLAT,
- [00:12:58.133]TALKS ABOUT I WISH WE COULD BE CHINA IF A DAY.
- [00:13:04.300]AND THE EDUCATION.
- [00:13:06.000]WE HAVE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION ARNE DUNCAN, GOT THIS WAKE-UP
- [00:13:11.233]CALL, A MAJOR ONE, IN HIS PRESS RELEASE.
- [00:13:15.500]BY THE WAY, HE'S RECEIVED MANY WAKE-UP CALLS BUT HE REFUSES
- [00:13:19.367]TO WAKE UP.
- [00:13:20.000]THAT'S THE PROBLEM.
- [00:13:21.166][ LAUGHTER ] PRESIDENT OBAMA CAUGHT THIS
- [00:13:25.967]SPUTNIK MOMENT.
- [00:13:27.133]THAT IS TO INDICATE HOW SERIOUS THIS IS.
- [00:13:29.567]AND THEN YOU HAVE A GROUP OF RESEARCHERS LED BY MARK TUCKER,
- [00:13:35.266]THE NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION
- [00:13:38.867]AND THE ECONOMY, PUT TOGETHER A BOOK THAT WAS PUBLISHED WITH
- [00:13:43.767]HARVARD EDUCATION PRESS, CALLED SURPASSING SHANGHAI.
- [00:13:48.800]THAT'S THE AMERICAN'S AGENDA FOR EDUCATION REFORM.
- [00:13:52.767]SO SHANGHAI BECOMES AMERICA'S NATIONAL GOLD.
- [00:13:55.367]THIS BOOK ANNOYED ME A LOT WHEN IT CAME OUT BECAUSE I THOUGHT I
- [00:13:59.667]MOVED TO THE WRONG COUNTRY.
- [00:14:01.600]IF I STAYED IN CHINA, WOULD HAVE BEEN NUMBER ONE, MORE ANNOYING
- [00:14:05.400]TO ME WHEN I EXAMINE THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN
- [00:14:11.133]EDUCATION IS WE HAVE BEEN DRIVEN BY THIS INFERIORITY COMPLEX
- [00:14:15.800]SINCE THE 1980s.
- [00:14:18.333]1983, A NATION AT RISK, SHOULD AMERICAN EDUCATION LEAVE BEHIND
- [00:14:22.033]OTHERS, THAT IS KOREA AND JAPAN.
- [00:14:24.100]AND THIS TIME WE WANT TO SURPASS SHANGHAI, WHICH MAKES AMERICAN
- [00:14:28.533]EDUCATION GOALS GET SMALLER AND SMALLER AND SMALLER.
- [00:14:32.300]I ACTUALLY BLAME THIS ON PRESIDENT BUSH.
- [00:14:35.200]AND PRESIDENT BUSH AND NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND.
- [00:14:39.934]A MAJOR GOAL OF NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND WITH MASSIVE REFORM WAS
- [00:14:44.367]TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERY 3rd GRADER CAN READ.
- [00:14:48.033]FOR THE MOST DEVELOPED COUNTRY ON EARTH, MAKING READING,
- [00:14:52.667]LITERACY, A NATIONAL GOAL IS JUST SILLY.
- [00:14:58.867]IN SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES, 200 YEARS AGO, I THINK THIS IS
- [00:15:02.834]PRESIDENT BUSH MISTAKING HIS PERSONAL GOAL AS
- [00:15:07.633]A NATIONAL GOAL.
- [00:15:07.934][ LAUGHTER ] THAT'S THE PROBLEM.
- [00:15:09.467]BUT WHEN WE GET OLDER, STILL WE'RE LOWERING OUR EXPECTATIONS.
- [00:15:14.667]THINK ABOUT THIS.
- [00:15:15.567]IT'S NOT ONLY US.
- [00:15:18.000]THE AUSTRALIANS BEGAN TO ADMIRE ASIAN COUNTRIES.
- [00:15:22.433]WE TALK ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND PUT TOGETHER A MAJOR
- [00:15:28.100]SUMMIT WHICH I WAS INVITED THERE TO MODERATE.
- [00:15:30.767]THEY SAY WE GOT TO LEARN FROM THESE ASIAN COUNTRIES, SING
- [00:15:36.300]MORE, KOREA AND HONG KONG.
- [00:15:38.266]AND BECAUSE STUDENTS FROM SHANGHAI ARE TWO YEARS AHEAD IN
- [00:15:43.033]MATH BY AGE 15 YEARS, THAT'S A LOT IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT.
- [00:15:46.600]THIS LOOKS LIKE INTERESTING DATA.
- [00:15:48.800]BY THE WAY IN AMERICA, SHANGHAI, OR CHINA, HAS BECOME THE NEW
- [00:15:55.300]SOVIET UNION OR THE NEW JAPAN TO DRIVE REFORMS.
- [00:15:58.700]THERE'S A GOVERNOR OUT OF PENNSYLVANIA, IF YOU LIVE IN
- [00:16:02.033]NEBRASKA, YOU NOTICE THERE IS A STATE CALLED PENNSYLVANIA ON THE
- [00:16:05.300]OTHER SIDE.
- [00:16:06.166]AND THEY HAVE A TWO TERM GOVERNOR ED RANDO, WAS REALLY
- [00:16:10.834]FUNNY AND ONE YEAR, JUST SHORTLY AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE DATA,
- [00:16:14.567]THERE WAS A GAME, THERE WAS A FOOTBALL GAME CANCELED.
- [00:16:17.700]I THINK IT WAS THE PHILADELPHIA EAGLES, DUE TO A SNOWSTORM.
- [00:16:22.033]AND YOU THINK FOOTBALL GAME, CHINA, THEY'RE NOTHING TO DO
- [00:16:25.133]WITH EACH OTHER, BUT SOME OTHER GOVERNOR WENT ON PUBLIC RADIO
- [00:16:30.200]AND CHASTISED ALL OF PENNSYLVANIA
- [00:16:33.834]AND THEIR ORGANIZERS.
- [00:16:34.233]THIS IS WHAT HE SAID.
- [00:16:34.967]HE SAID WE'VE BECOME A NATION OF WUSSIES.
- [00:16:39.433]THE CHINESE ARE KICKING OUR BUTT IN EVERYTHING.
- [00:16:42.800]IF THIS WASN'T CHINA, DO YOU THINK THE CHINESE WOULD HAVE CUT
- [00:16:45.967]OFF THE GAME?
- [00:16:47.600]PEOPLE WOULD HAVE MARCHED DOWN TO THE STADIUM AND THEY WOULD
- [00:16:51.633]HAVE BEEN DOING CALCULUS ON THEIR WAY DOWN.
- [00:16:53.600][ LAUGHTER ] BY THE WAY, THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN,
- [00:16:56.700]FIRST UP, THE CHINESE WILL NOT GO TO THE GAME AND THEY WILL BE
- [00:17:00.367]DOING CALCULUS IN THEIR DORM.
- [00:17:02.433][ LAUGHTER ] ENGLAND.
- [00:17:03.700]IN ENGLAND IT'S ANOTHER THING.
- [00:17:06.233]ENGLAND, SECRETARY OF EDUCATION, MICHAEL GOLD, OF THE NEW
- [00:17:09.532]GOVERNMENT, WENT TO CHINA TO LEARN HOW CHINA GOT SO GOOD.
- [00:17:14.500]AND HE WENT HOME AND WROTE IN THE TELEGRAPH THAT I AM HAPPY TO
- [00:17:19.066]CONFESS IDEA LIKE US TO IMPLEMENT A CULTURAL REVOLUTION
- [00:17:23.433]JUST LIKE THEY HAD IN CHINA.
- [00:17:24.867]WE NEED SOME HISTORY LESSON FOR HIM.
- [00:17:28.400]BUT WE'VE EMBARKED ON A LONG MARCH TO REFORM
- [00:17:32.834]OUR EDUCATION SYSTEM.
- [00:17:33.233]AND YOU KNOW THAT ENGLAND, THEIR MINNESOTA EDUCATION JUST WENT TO
- [00:17:38.633]CHINA, AND THEY ARE IMPORTING 60 CHINESE MATH TEACHERS TO HELP
- [00:17:46.567]SOLVE ENGLAND'S MATH PROBLEM.
- [00:17:47.300]EVERYBODY LOVED CHINA'S EDUCATION ACHIEVEMENT.
- [00:17:49.567]AND CELEBRATED ON CHINESE BEHALF, EXCEPT THE CHINESE.
- [00:17:54.767]I WAS THERE.
- [00:17:55.233]WHEN THE DATA WAS RELEASED.
- [00:17:57.934]AND THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT, OBSERVES MOST PEOPLE DID NOT
- [00:18:05.033]CELEBRATE, BECAUSE AS THE PREVIOUS PREMIER OF CHINA SAID,
- [00:18:11.467]WE NEED STEVE JOBS, NOT TEST TAKERS.
- [00:18:16.200]AND THAT'S ACTUALLY PROMPTS MUCH DISCUSSION.
- [00:18:19.266]SO CHINESE BEGAN TO ASK, HOW COME A NATION OF 1.3 BILLION
- [00:18:24.166]PEOPLE, FOUR TIMES THE SIZE OF U.S. POPULATION, BY EVEN RANDOM
- [00:18:29.633]DISTRIBUTION, CHINA SHOULD HAVE FOUR TIMES THE NUMBER OF BABY
- [00:18:33.200]STEVE JOBS BORN.
- [00:18:34.800]WHAT HAPPENED TO THE BABY STEVE JOBS?
- [00:18:37.667][ LAUGHTER ] AN INTERESTING QUESTION TO
- [00:18:45.133]PONDER, RIGHT?
- [00:18:46.533]AND THE ANOTHER QUESTION IS AN EXECUTIVE AT MICROSOFT AND APPLE
- [00:18:51.333]AND LED THE GOOGLE INCURSION AND THEN HE GOT OUT OF THE IT, AND
- [00:18:57.834]THEN HE BECAME ONE OF THE FIRST VENTURE CAPITALIST FIRMS TO
- [00:19:03.200]STIMULATE IT INTEGRATION IN CHINA.
- [00:19:09.266]HE KNOWS TESTING VERY WELL.
- [00:19:11.500]HE SAID IN A VERY PUBLIC FORUM SOMETHING VERY CONTROVERSIAL.
- [00:19:15.033]HE SAID THE NEXT GOOGLE AND APPLE WILL EMERGE, FOR SURE.
- [00:19:19.233]BUT PROBABLY NOT IN CHINA, PROBABLY NOT IN ASIA, UNLESS
- [00:19:26.700]THEY ABANDON OR THEY ABOLISH THEIR EDUCATION SYSTEM.
- [00:19:30.467]SO THE SAME THING THAT HAPPENED, IN CHINA FOR EXAMPLE, RECENTLY
- [00:19:35.233]IN CHINA YOU HAVE SEEN A RISE IN THE NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS ALL
- [00:19:41.633]OVER THE WORLD YOU THINK THAT CAPACITY IS HIGH.
- [00:19:43.834]BUT HIGH QUALITY PATENTS STILL DO NOT EXIST.
- [00:19:49.166]TRUE MAJOR DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION PATENTS DON'T EXIST.
- [00:19:55.533]SO CHINA WAS 20% -- ACTUALLY 13% NOW OF WORST GDP AND 12% OF
- [00:20:04.000]THE RND EXPENDITURE, ONLY 1% OF PATENTS GRANTED LEADING OPPOSITE
- [00:20:12.333]OUT OF CHINA, NOT WITHIN CHINA.
- [00:20:14.533]AND THAT'S A VERY SAD STATEMENT.
- [00:20:16.900]SO THIS, YOU HAVE IT.
- [00:20:19.300]THE U.S. DESPITE THE 60 YEARS OF EDUCATION, POOR QUALITY, AND
- [00:20:27.033]STILL REMAINS HERE.
- [00:20:28.200]AND CHINA, DESPITE ALL THIS MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT, IS HAVING
- [00:20:32.567]TROUBLE WITH THE CREATIVITY.
- [00:20:34.100]SO HOW DO WE EXPLAIN ANY OF THIS?
- [00:20:37.200]WELL, IT HAS TO DO WITH WHAT WE MEAN BY EDUCATION.
- [00:20:42.934]WHAT DO WE MEAN BY EDUCATION?
- [00:20:44.900]SO I HAVE COME UP WITH THIS IDEA ABOUT TALKING ABOUT EDUCATIONAL
- [00:20:52.533]SIDE EFFECTS.
- [00:20:54.000]THE SIDE EFFECT THAT EXPLAINS THAT WHEN YOU ACHIEVE SOMETHING,
- [00:20:58.200]YOU WILL LOSE SOMETHING.
- [00:20:59.266]SO LET ME PRESENT THIS MODEL.
- [00:21:01.400]SO WE HAVE THIS MODEL CALLED A PARADIGM OF EDUCATION.
- [00:21:06.033]THIS IS A TRADITIONAL EDUCATION PARADIGM WE HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING
- [00:21:10.533]EVERYPLACE, IN THE U.S. AND OTHER PLACES.
- [00:21:13.834]SO IT IS WHAT I CALL A SAUSAGE MAKING MODEL.
- [00:21:18.400][ LAUGHTER ] YOU CAN IMAGINE ALL YOUR SCHOOL,
- [00:21:21.767]UNIVERSITIES, SAME THING, RIGHT?
- [00:21:23.133]WE DESCRIBE OUTCOME.
- [00:21:24.266]WE TRY TO MAKE A GUESS.
- [00:21:26.667]WHAT WORKS IN THE FUTURE.
- [00:21:28.734]WHAT WILL MAKE YOU EMPLOYABLE, WHAT WILL MAKE YOU VALUABLE.
- [00:21:32.734]THAT'S WHAT WE CALL THE CORE CURRICULUM.
- [00:21:35.633]WE DESCRIBE THAT AND WE MIX SCHOOL, ALL SCHOOLING IS MAKING
- [00:21:41.433]SURE THAT CHILDREN ACQUIRE THOSE THINGS.
- [00:21:44.000]AND WITH THE ASSESSMENT, WE TEST THOSE THINGS.
- [00:21:46.700]SO THE END RESULT IS HOW WELL STUDENTS HAVE MASTERED WHAT HAS
- [00:21:51.400]BEEN PRESCRIBED.
- [00:21:52.500]IN THE SAME PROCESS, SINCE IT'S AN SAUSAGE MAKER, WE DO NOT WANT
- [00:21:59.967]PEOPLE WHO DO NOT WANT TO BECOME SAUSAGES.
- [00:22:04.200]IT'S A HOMOGENIZATION MACHINE.
- [00:22:06.667]THAT'S RIGHT.
- [00:22:08.500]SO INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, DIVERSITY, THEY'RE ALL PROBLEMS
- [00:22:11.567]FOR SCHOOLS.
- [00:22:14.700]REMEMBER YOUR SCHOOLS, YOUR STUDENTS, IF
- [00:22:18.333]THEY'RE DIFFERENT, THEY'RE NOT READY FOR KINDERGARTEN.
- [00:22:21.767]IN NEBRASKA, YOU NOTICE DIFFERENT CUTS ARE MEAT ARE
- [00:22:24.333]PRETTY GOOD IN THEIR OWN RIGHTS.
- [00:22:26.800]A RIBEYE STEAK IS GOOD TO BE A RIBEYE STEAK BUT WHAT IF YOU GET
- [00:22:34.000]PEOPLE WHO SAY WE ONLY WANT SAUSAGES.
- [00:22:36.700]THAT'S ALL WE DO, WE TAKE ALL THE PEOPLE, GROUND THE
- [00:22:40.266]RIBEYE INTO SAUSAGES.
- [00:22:42.066]YOU MAY BE GREAT, MUSIC, ART, THINKING, BUT WE DON'T LIKE YOU.
- [00:22:46.667]SO THIS MODEL HAS BEEN PRACTICE FOR A LONG, LONG TIME.
- [00:22:50.834]IT WORKS FINE.
- [00:22:51.834]IT WORKS ON THE CONDITION THAT NUMBER ONE, WE ARE NOW PRETTY
- [00:22:57.433]SURE WHAT SKILLS, WHAT KNOWLEDGE WE WILL NEED IN THE FUTURE.
- [00:23:00.934]THAT'S WHAT WE CALL THE CURRICULUM.
- [00:23:03.467]AMERICA HAS ALWAYS HAD TROUBLE WITH THIS.
- [00:23:06.166]WE THINK ABOUT ASIAN COUNTRIES HAVE HIGH TEST SCORES BECAUSE
- [00:23:09.834]THEY HAVE A NARROW, DEEP, FOCUSED CURRICULUM.
- [00:23:16.367]WE'RE TRYING TO COPY THAT.
- [00:23:18.400]HAVE A NATIONAL CURRICULUM THROUGH SOMETHING CALLED THE
- [00:23:21.667]COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS.
- [00:23:23.233]CONGRATULATIONS FOR NOT ADOPTING THAT IN NEBRASKA, BY THE WAY.
- [00:23:26.033]THE COMMON CORE BASICALLY PRESCRIBES WHAT WE THINK
- [00:23:30.633]WILL BE VALUABLE.
- [00:23:31.000]IT'S A NATIONAL BET.
- [00:23:31.967]WE'RE BETTING ON BEHALF OF MILLIONS OF CHILDREN THAT IF YOU
- [00:23:35.934]ACQUIRE THIS, YOU WILL BE READY FOR COLLEGE AND CAREER.
- [00:23:39.233]AND THAT'S WHY WE ADMIRE THOSE COUNTRIES WHO CAN DO IT.
- [00:23:43.233]WE HAVE THE SAYING MORE SUCCESSFUL YOU ARE AT
- [00:23:48.233]HOMOGENIZED PEOPLE THROUGH A NATIONAL STANDARDIZED
- [00:23:51.734]CURRICULUM, THROUGH NATIONALIZED HIGH STAKES TESTING, YOU WILL
- [00:23:54.834]HAVE BETTER TEST RESULTS.
- [00:23:56.266]THAT'S NO QUESTION.
- [00:23:57.400]SO YOU'RE BETTER TO HOMOGENIZE THAT PROCESS.
- [00:24:01.900]AND THIS WAS ALMOST NECESSARY FOR OUR OLD, OLD SOCIETY.
- [00:24:05.900]THE OLD SOCIETY WERE A CLOSE ECONOMY, YOU CAN PREDICT WHAT
- [00:24:13.300]YOU NEED.
- [00:24:13.967]THAT WAS IN THE OLD SOCIETY.
- [00:24:16.934]WE DID NOT HAVE A LOT OF NEED FOR GREAT TALENTS BECAUSE MOST
- [00:24:23.266]PEOPLE WORKED IN JOBS CREATED BY A FEW GREAT PEOPLE.
- [00:24:30.600]WHEN I LIVED IN MICHIGAN, YOU KNEW YOU WERE GOING TO WORK FOR
- [00:24:34.266]HENRY FORD OR GENERAL MOTORS.
- [00:24:36.500]THOSE FEW PEOPLE REQUIRED JOBS THAT REQUIRED SIMILAR SKILLS
- [00:24:40.266]AND KNOWLEDGE.
- [00:24:40.667]AND THOSE GREAT PEOPLE TYPICALLY WERE NOT PRODUCTS OF OUR
- [00:24:43.433]EDUCATION SYSTEM.
- [00:24:44.900]SO IN A TRADITIONAL SOCIETY, GREAT PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT
- [00:24:50.834]TALENTS ARE NOT VERY USEFUL UNLESS THEY CAN CREATE A LARGE
- [00:24:54.834]NUMBER OF JOBS.
- [00:24:55.900]I WAS BORN IN A VILLAGE IN CHINA.
- [00:24:59.233]I GREW UP THERE AS WELL.
- [00:25:02.000]IT WAS A PROVINCE OF ALL FARMERS AND PEASANTS.
- [00:25:07.967]LADY GAGA WOULD HAVE BEEN USELESS IN MY VILLAGE, AND SO
- [00:25:11.834]WOULD STEVE JOBS FOR THAT MATTER.
- [00:25:14.033][ LAUGHTER ] ALL OF THOSE THINGS.
- [00:25:16.433]SO THAT'S WHAT WE WERE PREPARING.
- [00:25:19.667]AND THE CHALLENGE IS THIS.
- [00:25:22.867]THE MORE SUCCESSFUL YOU ARE TO HOMOGENIZE PEOPLE, THE LESS
- [00:25:26.467]LIKELY THEY'RE GOING TO CREATE SOMETHING.
- [00:25:28.467]THE LESS LIKELY THEY ARE GOING TO BECOME
- [00:25:40.367]ENTREPRENEURIAL.
- [00:25:40.834]SO AMERICA IS THE BROKEN SAUSAGE MAKER THAT MAKES SOME BACON.
- [00:25:44.800]IT IS THOSE BACON THAT SAVED AMERICA FOR A LONG TIME.
- [00:25:48.667]CHINA IS THE PERFECT SAUSAGE MAKER.
- [00:25:50.800]THE PROBLEM IS WHEN SOCIETIES CHANGE.
- [00:25:54.467]WHEN SOCIETIES CHANGE, WE NEED DIFFERENT PEOPLE.
- [00:25:57.633]AMERICAN, AVERAGE, LOSE 1 MILLION JOBS A YEAR BECAUSE OF
- [00:26:02.800]CLOSE-DOWN OF COMPANIES.
- [00:26:04.300]BUT LUCKILY, WE HAVE PEOPLE TO HELP US MAKE
- [00:26:09.700]ALL THOSE TRANSITIONS.
- [00:26:10.133]OVER THE LAST 60 YEARS, WE'VE DONE A LOT OF TRANSITION.
- [00:26:13.100]AND TODAY, HOWEVER, WE'LL FACE A BASIC CHALLENGE.
- [00:26:17.300]AMERICAN'S TRADITIONAL EDUCATION STRENGTH, WE ARE NOW PUBLIC
- [00:26:23.900]FUNDING AND PUB -- THAT'S KEY, WE DO NOT SELECT PEOPLE BASED ON
- [00:26:28.066]THEIR TEST SCORES INTO OUR 12 YEARS OF EDUCATION.
- [00:26:31.567]WE DO NOT SELECT BASED ON THEIR RACE.
- [00:26:33.967]THEY ALL HAVE A CHANCE TO DO THIS.
- [00:26:36.667]AND THAT MEANS WE ARE NOT, WE DO NOT RUN A COUNTRY CROP SYSTEM.
- [00:26:42.166]WE DO NOT TEST YOU, MAKE YOU LIKE ME.
- [00:26:44.567]SO EVERYBODY HAD A CHANCE IN THE SYSTEM.
- [00:26:47.400]THAT PRESERVED SOME OF OUR GREAT, GREAT BACON.
- [00:26:51.300]THAT'S LIKE STEVE JOBS.
- [00:26:52.600]YOU CAN DROP OUT.
- [00:26:57.200]ONE THING THAT MAKES US BETTER THAN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
- [00:27:01.100]EVERYWHERE IS THE STUDENT TALENTS SHOWS
- [00:27:05.600]HAVE YOU SEEN THOSE?
- [00:27:05.934]SOME OF THEM YOU CAN BARELY CALL TALENT, BUT IT'S A SHOW.
- [00:27:10.600]WE CELEBRATE DIVERSITY AND ALLOW EVERYONE THE SAME CHANCE.
- [00:27:13.800]THE SECOND THING AMERICA HAS A CHANCE TO DO IS THIS OPEN AND
- [00:27:17.400]FORGIVING SYSTEM.
- [00:27:18.300]AMERICA HAS ONE OF THE MOST FORGIVING EDUCATION SYSTEMS,
- [00:27:21.700]WHICH LOOKS REALLY SLOPPY, YOU KNOW, ON THE OUTSIDE BECAUSE IF
- [00:27:25.734]YOU FAILED KINDERGARTEN YOU CAN GO TO 1st GRADE, FAIL 5th,
- [00:27:30.367]GO TO SIX.
- [00:27:32.266]YOU FAIL HIGH SCHOOL, GET A GED.
- [00:27:34.767]WE GOT SOMETHING FOR EVERYBODY, RIGHT?
- [00:27:36.567][ LAUGHTER ] SO YOU GO OUT THERE, AND THAT'S
- [00:27:39.166]BEAUTIFUL BECAUSE IN MANY WAYS YOU FAIL A CHILD IN
- [00:27:44.667]KINDERGARTEN, YOU DROP CREATIVITY AND CONFIDENCE.
- [00:27:47.567]AND MANY OF YOU PROBABLY HAVEN'T TOLD YOUR PARENTS YET.
- [00:27:52.367]ALLOW PEOPLE TO FORGIVE.
- [00:27:54.600]ALLOW YOU TO EXPLORE POSSIBILITIES.
- [00:27:57.166]IT'S VERY IMPORTANT.
- [00:27:57.900]IT'S LIKE MY SON'S FIRST GRADE TEACHER IN MICHIGAN TOLD ME
- [00:28:04.233]ONCE.
- [00:28:04.533]SHE SAID I BELIEVE THAT CHILDREN ARE LIKE POPCORN.
- [00:28:08.400]NEBRASKA SHOULD UNDERSTAND THIS ONE.
- [00:28:09.900]IT'S ABOUT POPCORN.
- [00:28:11.467]HOW SO?
- [00:28:12.333]WELL SHE SAID, SOME POP EARLY AND SOME POP LATE.
- [00:28:14.934][ LAUGHTER ] EVENTUALLY THEY WILL ALL POP.
- [00:28:19.100]I SAID YEAH, A FEW GET BURNED.
- [00:28:22.333][ LAUGHTER ] BUT OTHER THAN THOSE,
- [00:28:25.900]WE'LL BE FINE.
- [00:28:26.200]BUT THAT IS ALLOWING PEOPLE TO DEVELOP IN THEIR OWN WAY.
- [00:28:30.667]IT'S VERY IMPORTANT.
- [00:28:32.300]AND NOW OF COURSE ANOTHER MAJOR THING IS TALKING ABOUT LOCAL
- [00:28:36.867]CONTROL, DECENTRALIZED.
- [00:28:39.200]AMERICA, THE BEAUTY OF AMERICA AS A GOVERNMENT, WE DO NOT HAVE
- [00:28:43.600]A NATIONAL SYSTEM.
- [00:28:44.533]WE DO NOT HAVE ONE NATIONAL
- [00:40:02.633]>> PEOPLE IN THE CREATIVE SECTOR ARE THE HIGH INCOME PEOPLE AND
- [00:40:05.233]PEOPLE IN THE SERVICE CLASS ARE LOW INCOME PEOPLE.
- [00:40:07.700]SO WE HAVE NO TRADITIONAL MIDDLE CLASS JOBS ANYMORE.
- [00:40:10.700]THOSE CREATIVE PEOPLE WHO USED TO CREATE A LOT OF JOBS DON'T
- [00:40:15.867]CREATE JOBS ANYMORE.
- [00:40:17.700]MARK ZUCKERBERG, FACEBOOK IS THREE TIMES BIGGER
- [00:40:23.667]THAN GENERAL MOTORS.
- [00:40:24.000]HIRE VERY FEW PEOPLE.
- [00:40:27.767]APPLE, THEY HIRE ABOUT 43,000 WORKERS IN THE U.S.
- [00:40:31.400]THEY ARE NOT HENRY FORD ANYMORE.
- [00:40:34.066]THEY DO NOT CREATE JOBS.
- [00:40:36.867]SO THE TRADITION WE WANTED TO CREATE JOBS TO BE EMPLOYEES, TO
- [00:40:40.333]BE HIRED BY THOSE PEOPLE, THEY DON'T EXIST ANYMORE.
- [00:40:42.834]SO NOW WE NEED TO FIGURE OUT, WHO IS THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS.
- [00:40:46.533]SCHOOLS HAVE TO FOCUS ON CREATING NEW MIDDLE CLASS, AND
- [00:40:50.166]THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS HAS TO BE THE CREATIVE CLASS.
- [00:40:54.533]CREATIVITY USED TO BE RESERVED FOR A FEW PEOPLE.
- [00:40:58.667]TODAY CREATIVITY HAS BECOME NECESSITY.
- [00:41:04.867]CREATIVITY IS JOB SECURITY.
- [00:41:06.500]AMERICANS JUST HAPPEN TO HAVE A FEW ACCIDENTS, BUT WE NEED
- [00:41:12.700]EVERYBODY TO BE CREATIVE.
- [00:41:14.033]SCHOOLS HAVE NOT BEEN USED TO CREATING CREATIVE PEOPLE.
- [00:41:19.567]SCHOOLS BY DEFINITION, BACK TO SAUSAGE MAKING, WE TRY
- [00:41:24.400]TO KILL CREATIVITY.
- [00:41:25.000]CREATIVITY AS A CONCEPT WAS NOT EVEN TALKED ABOUT
- [00:41:30.767]UNTIL AFTER 1920s.
- [00:41:31.066]THIS IS GOOGLE BOOKS.
- [00:41:34.166]A MEASURE OF CREATIVITY IN ALL THE GOOGLE BOOKS AND PRESSURES
- [00:41:41.433]OF CREATIVITY BEGAN TO RAISE AFTER THE 1980s.
- [00:41:45.166]EVERYBODY HAS TO BE CREATIVE.
- [00:41:47.467]IT'S NOT AN INFORMATION ECONOMY, IT'S A CREATIVITY ECONOMY, AND
- [00:41:51.767]IF YOU CAN CREATE SOMETHING, NEW IDEAS HAVE TO POP UP.
- [00:41:54.467]SCHOOLS WERE DESIGNED IN OLD PARADIGM TO STIFLE CREATIVITY
- [00:42:00.900]BECAUSE WE DON'T LIKE KIDS LIKE THIS.
- [00:42:03.867][ LAUGHTER ] REMEMBER THEM QUOTING, NOT
- [00:42:07.367]SCHOOL READY, NOT KINDERGARTEN READY.
- [00:42:09.834]THEY DO NOT FOLLOW.
- [00:42:11.800]AND THAT'S WHY MOST OF THE TIME, CHILDREN ARE BORN CREATIVE.
- [00:42:16.367]AT AGE 5, AGE 5, 98% OF ALL CHILDREN ARE CREATIVE AT A
- [00:42:23.800]GENIUS LEVEL.
- [00:42:24.934]98%.
- [00:42:28.133]BY THE TIME THEY FINISH FIVE YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND
- [00:42:34.867]KINDERGARTEN, THEY'VE SUCCESSFULLY GOTTEN RID OF
- [00:42:37.867]60% OF THEM.
- [00:42:39.000]AGE 10, OUR CHILDREN ABOUT 32% ARE CREATIVE AT THE SAME LEVEL.
- [00:42:44.500]BY THE TIME THEY FINISH MIDDLE SCHOOL, AGE 15, 10% ARE LEFT.
- [00:42:51.266]THEN WE HAVE THE 4th GRADE SLUMP.
- [00:42:53.567]EVERYBODY REACHES THAT, AROUND 4th GRADE, WHEN SCHOOLS BECOME
- [00:42:58.467]FORMAL, CHILDREN HAVE A SLUMP IN CREATIVITY.
- [00:43:01.533]AND ACTUALLY NOW, IT'S GETTING WORSE.
- [00:43:04.000]I'M SURE WITH OBAMA'S KINDERGARTEN TESTING, WITH A LOT
- [00:43:08.700]OF ASSESSMENT IN STARTING KINDERGARTEN, WE WILL LOSE EVEN
- [00:43:13.800]MORE OF THAT.
- [00:43:15.333]THAT'S RIGHT.
- [00:43:15.834]WE HAVE THIS BIG TALK ABOUT THE IDEA OF CRISIS IN CREATIVITY
- [00:43:20.333]WHICH HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED BY A LOT OF PEOPLE IN RECENT YEARS.
- [00:43:24.333]THAT THERE WAS A MAJOR SHIFT OF OUR THINKING.
- [00:43:27.400]AND SO NOW -- BY THE WAY, I WANT TO SHARE THIS.
- [00:43:34.400]YOU GET A CHANCE THAT YOUR CREATIVITY CAN COME BACK AFTER
- [00:43:38.300]RETIREMENT.
- [00:43:38.700][ LAUGHTER ] GEORGE BUSH IS PAINTING NOW.
- [00:43:41.567]JUST THINK ABOUT THAT.
- [00:43:42.600][ LAUGHTER ] SO HOW DO WE REVERSE THIS TREND?
- [00:43:48.000]BECAUSE ALL SCHOOLS WERE DESIGNED TO MAKE NEW SAUSAGES.
- [00:43:51.166]WE NEED TO CHANGE THAT.
- [00:43:52.367]THE SECOND PART IS THAT WE LIVE IN A NEW AGE TOO.
- [00:43:56.300]IN THIS NEW AGE, ANOTHER ELEMENT OF THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS ARE
- [00:44:00.834]THOSE PEOPLE WHO ARE TRADITIONALLY USELESS.
- [00:44:04.834]TRADITIONALLY USELESS PEOPLE HAVE BECOME USEFUL, LIKE KIM
- [00:44:08.633]KARDASHIAN.
- [00:44:11.767][ LAUGHTER ] YOU MAY NOT AGREE, BUT SHE'S OUT
- [00:44:14.533]OF HER PARENT'S BASEMENT.
- [00:44:16.467][ LAUGHTER ] I USE KARDASHIAN AS AN EXAMPLE
- [00:44:25.967]VERY SIMPLY TO SHOW YOU WE LIVE IN A SOCIETY, WE CONSUME
- [00:44:29.400]DIFFERENT PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
- [00:44:30.900]IN THE 21st CENTURY IN THE U.S., WE HAVE ENTERED AN AGE
- [00:44:35.467]CALLED THE AGE OF ABUNDANCE.
- [00:44:37.400]IN THE AGE OF ABUNDANCE, VERSUS THE AGE OF NECESSITY, WE CONSUME
- [00:44:44.900]DIFFERENT PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
- [00:44:46.400]WE CONSUME THINGS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL.
- [00:44:50.066]100 YEARS AGO, WE SPEND MOST OF OUR INCOME ON NECESSITIES.
- [00:44:55.066]HOUSING, FEED, AND SHELTER -- FOOD AND SHELTER.
- [00:44:58.266]TODAY WE SPEND LESS THAN HALF OF OUR INCOME ON THOSE THINGS.
- [00:45:03.767]WE CALL THE REST ON USELESS STUFF.
- [00:45:06.066]WHAT IS THE USELESS STUFF?
- [00:45:09.233]UNNECESSARY?
- [00:45:09.667]CHOICE.
- [00:45:10.667]21st CENTURY WE CONSUME CHOICES.
- [00:45:15.033]WHEN I FIRST CAME TO THIS COUNTRY OUT OF A VILLAGE OUT OF
- [00:45:17.633]NECESSITY WHEN I FIRST CAME TO THE U.S., I COULD NOT BUY
- [00:45:23.333]SHAMPOO TO WASH MY HAIR BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT HAIR I HAD.
- [00:45:26.333][ LAUGHTER ] I HAD TO FIND THE RIGHT THING.
- [00:45:28.967]BUT IN THE U.S. IF YOU HAVE NO CHOICE, YOU ARE VERY UNHAPPY.
- [00:45:32.033]YOU KNOW THAT?
- [00:45:33.166]IS A CHOICE NECESSARY?
- [00:45:34.700]HOW MANY FLAVORS OF POTATO CHIPS WE HAVE?
- [00:45:38.600]SERIOUSLY.
- [00:45:39.000]DID YOU NOTICE THIS?
- [00:45:40.367]HOW MANY TV CHANNELS DO YOU HAVE?
- [00:45:43.200]HOW MANY COOKING SHOWS DO WE HAVE?
- [00:45:46.133]I COULDN'T BELIEVE -- POKER GAMES IN CHINA.
- [00:45:54.000]WHAT'S WORSE THAN THAT?
- [00:45:55.300]IS THAT WORSE THAN KIM KARDASHIAN?
- [00:45:59.367]RESTAURANTS.
- [00:45:59.767]THE MORE MONEY YOU PAY, THE LESS FOOD YOU GET.
- [00:46:02.467]WHAT ARE YOU CONSUMING?
- [00:46:04.533]YOU'RE CONSUMING PSYCHOLOGICAL PRODUCTS.
- [00:46:10.300]PERSONALIZATION, SPIRITUAL PRODUCTS.
- [00:46:12.500]AND NOW WE HAVE A NEW THING, CALLED LIFE COACHES.
- [00:46:15.433]WE DON'T KNOW HOW TO LIVE WITHOUT LIFE COACHES.
- [00:46:18.467]MY FATHER WHO STILL LIVES IN THE VILLAGE, 85, HE'S FINE WITHOUT
- [00:46:23.867]A LIFE COACH.
- [00:46:24.633]WHY DO WE HAVE THOSE THINGS THE BECAUSE WE LIVE IN THE
- [00:46:28.533]AGE OF ABUNDANCE.
- [00:46:28.934]AGE OF ABUNDANCE, SIGNIFICANTLY UNDERVALUED TALENTS
- [00:46:35.433]HAVE BECOME VALUABLE.
- [00:46:36.533]DYSLEXIA HAVE ALWAYS BEEN CONSIDERED A PROBLEM BECAUSE IT
- [00:46:41.100]INTERFERES WITH READING.
- [00:46:42.100]THAT'S WHY THEY CALL IT DISABILITY, BUT DYSLEXIA
- [00:46:47.300]RECENTLY HAS BEEN DISCOVERED TO BE AN ADVANTAGE.
- [00:46:50.100]DYSLEXIC PEOPLE HAVE A DIFFERENT WIRING THAT ALLOWS THEM TO
- [00:46:55.100]PERCEIVE 3-D PATTERNS BETTER THAN MOST OF US, SO THEY MAKE
- [00:46:58.800]THE BEST ASTROPHYSICISTS, THEY MAKE THE BEST ARTISTS.
- [00:47:04.200]3-D DESIGNERS.
- [00:47:06.133]BUT 100 YEARS AGO, NOT MANY JOBS FOR THOSE GUYS.
- [00:47:10.000]ONLY ONE PROFESSION THAT'S CALLED WITCHES.
- [00:47:13.400]AND SO TODAY THEY CAN BECOME ARTIST.
- [00:47:15.967]THEY CAN BECOME VIDEO GAME DESIGNERS.
- [00:47:18.800]THEY HAVE BECOME AN ASSET.
- [00:47:21.533]DON'T FIX THEM, BRING THEM OVER HERE.
- [00:47:23.700]SO THE SQUARE PEG DOES NOT HAVE TO HIT IN THE ROUND HOLE.
- [00:47:28.433]SO 21st CENTURY, THE SECOND ELEMENT OF A NEW MIDDLE CLASS IS
- [00:47:34.233]TRADITIONALLY UNDERVALUED TALENT HAS BEEN VALUED.
- [00:47:39.333]A HYPERSPECIALIZED ECONOMY, ANYBODY WHO HAS ANY TALENT CAN
- [00:47:43.633]DEVELOP WITH A GREAT LEVEL OF GREATNESS, COME OUT
- [00:47:48.734]OF PARENTS' BASEMENT.
- [00:47:49.333]IF LADY GAGA IS USED, ANYONE CAN BE USEFUL.
- [00:47:52.467][ LAUGHTER ] THE THIRD ELEMENT IS MOST OF US
- [00:47:58.800]SCHOOLS MISS IS THE IDEA OF ENTREPRENEURISM.
- [00:48:06.367]TRADITIONALLY WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT ENTREPRENEUR
- [00:48:12.567]WHO MAKE MONEY IN BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS.
- [00:48:16.367]BUT NOW WE HAVE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR TO
- [00:48:19.533]SURVIVE SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
- [00:48:20.000]WE ALSO NEED ENTREPRENEUR, THE JOBS IN AMERICA THAT IN OTHER
- [00:48:23.734]COUNTRIES THEY COULDN'T FIND PEOPLE TO FILL.
- [00:48:26.834]THE TALENT SHORTAGE.
- [00:48:28.100]THEY ARE LOOKING FOR ENTREPRENEUR, NOT EMPLOYEES.
- [00:48:31.133]THEY ARE LOOKING FOR PEOPLE, AT APPLE COMPUTER, FOR EXAMPLE,
- [00:48:35.166]THAT SAID IF YOU WANT TO BE MANAGED, YOU ARE NOT EMPLOYABLE.
- [00:48:39.533]BUT WE KEPT PRODUCING -- PEOPLE WANT TO BE MANAGED.
- [00:48:44.233]LOOKING FOR JOBS.
- [00:48:45.233]THAT'S EMPLOYEES.
- [00:48:47.767]AND TRADITIONAL BUREAUCRATS, WE NEED -- A FEW WEEKS AGO
- [00:48:58.433]GOVERNMENT WAS SHUT DOWN IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THERE WAS
- [00:49:00.667]A LOT OF COMPLAINT.
- [00:49:02.367]AMERICA HAS TOO MANY DIFFERENT OPINIONS.
- [00:49:05.033]WE HAVE TEA PARTY, COFFEE PARTY, ALL KINDS OF DIFFERENT PARTIES
- [00:49:08.233]WITH DIFFERENT VIEWS.
- [00:49:12.066]BUT WE DID IT.
- [00:49:14.667]ENTREPRENEUR THINKING POLICY MAKERS ARE POLITICIANS WHO WILL
- [00:49:19.867]NEGOTIATE WITH EACH OTHER, WHO WILL COMPROMISE, NOT LIKE OBAMA
- [00:49:23.066]AND CONGRESS.
- [00:49:24.800]NOT LIKE 5 YEAR OLDS.
- [00:49:26.533]ACTUALLY THAT'S AN INNOCENT TO 5 YEAR OLDS.
- [00:49:29.033]WHEN THE GOVERNMENT SHUT DOWN, OBAMA SAID I'M NOT
- [00:49:32.333]TALKING TO YOU.
- [00:49:32.600]YOU'RE NOT COMING TO MY BIRTHDAY PARTY TONIGHT.
- [00:49:34.700]WE NEED THEM TO NEGOTIATE.
- [00:49:37.633]THAT'S ENTREPRENEUR THINKING.
- [00:49:41.700]SO WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
- [00:49:46.633]ENTREPRENEUR LOOK AT PROBLEMS AND COME UP WITH SOLUTIONS.
- [00:49:50.133]THEY ARE RESILIENT.
- [00:49:52.600]IF THEIR IDEAS DON'T WORK THEY WILL TRY SOMETHING DIFFERENT.
- [00:49:54.734]EMPLOYEES DON'T.
- [00:49:55.433]EMPLOYEES WAIT FOR ORDERS.
- [00:49:57.767]WAIT FOR SOLUTIONS TO IMPLEMENT.
- [00:50:00.834]THEY'RE INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED,
- [00:50:05.533]THEY ARE EXTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED.
- [00:50:06.033]WE NEED ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT.
- [00:50:10.033]STUDENTS ASK ME, WHAT SORT OF DUDES GET AN A.
- [00:50:14.500]REMEMBER?
- [00:50:15.033]SO 15 PAGES OR 30 PAGES.
- [00:50:17.333]DOUBLE SPACED YOU KNOW THOSE QUESTIONS YOU FIELD
- [00:50:22.200]ALL THE TIME.
- [00:50:22.500]I'VE BEEN TEACHING FOR SOME 25 OR 30 YEARS.
- [00:50:26.100]THAT QUESTION REALLY ANNOYS ME.
- [00:50:29.300]HOWEVER YOU WANT IT DONE RIGHT.
- [00:50:31.367]WHY WOULD I CARE?
- [00:50:32.700]IT'S YOUR LEARNING.
- [00:50:33.567]THINK ABOUT THAT.
- [00:50:34.600]IT'S VERY SAD.
- [00:50:35.600]WE TREAT OUR PEOPLE TO TREAT US AS THEIR BOSS AND GIVE THEM A
- [00:50:40.133]GRADE BECAUSE WE DO IT WITH EMPLOYEE MINDSET.
- [00:50:44.300]IT'S NOT ABOUT THEIR LEARNING, THEY SHOULD BECOME ENTREPRENEUR.
- [00:50:46.734]SO WHAT MAKES ENTREPRENEUR QUALITIES?
- [00:50:49.867]SOCIAL NETWORK AND FRIENDS, RISK-TAKING,
- [00:50:54.400]PASSION AND CREATIVITY.
- [00:50:54.800]ALL THIS BACK TO THE SAUSAGE MAKING MODEL.
- [00:51:00.133]THE MORE EFFECTIVE YOU ARE AS A SAUSAGE MAKER, THE MORE LIKELY
- [00:51:04.367]YOU CAN DECREASE ALL OF THIS.
- [00:51:08.233]THE NONCOGNITIVE SKILLS HARD TO MAKE OR ATTRIBUTES ARE NEVER
- [00:51:14.133]CONSIDERED A MAJOR PART OF OUR EDUCATION.
- [00:51:16.934]ONLY SOME SCHOOLS TAKE CARE OF THIS.
- [00:51:19.734]BUT MOST SCHOOLS, ONLY WHEN YOU ARE IN TROUBLE ACADEMICALLY,
- [00:51:22.266]WE'VE BEGUN TO TALK ABOUT YOUR SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL INTEREST.
- [00:51:26.400]BUT SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL INTERESTS HAVE BECOME MOST DEVALUABLE.
- [00:51:31.400]TODAY THE MOST VALUABLE SKILLS ARE YOUR THINKING,
- [00:51:36.233]YOUR CREATIVITY.
- [00:51:39.900]ENTREPRENEUR.
- [00:51:40.333]THE UNDERVALUED TALENT HAVE RISEN TO BE VERY IMPORTANT.
- [00:51:43.400]BUT THE PROBLEM, AS I WAS TALKING ABOUT, EVERY
- [00:51:51.033]EDUCATION HAS SIDE EFFECTS LIKE MEDICINE.
- [00:51:56.533]IN EDUCATION HAVE YOU EVER RECEIVED A WARNING LABEL
- [00:52:00.233]FROM YOUR SCHOOL?
- [00:52:07.400]EDUCATION, AS ANY HUMAN PHENOMENA, WHEN IT
- [00:52:11.300]CURES IT POISONS.
- [00:52:11.633]WHEN YOU GET SOMETHING YOU LOSE SOMETHING.
- [00:52:13.667]WHEN YOU GET GOOD TEST SCORES, YOU DROP SOMETHING.
- [00:52:16.867]FOR EXAMPLE, I KNOW, AS A RESEARCHER, I KNOW THAT SUMMER
- [00:52:20.667]READING PROGRAMS SHOULD HAVE A WARNING LABEL TO TELL YOU THIS,
- [00:52:23.400]THIS MAY IMPROVE YOUR CHILDREN'S TEST SCORES IN READING, BUT MAY
- [00:52:28.900]CAUSE YOUR CHILDREN TO HATE READING FOREVER.
- [00:52:31.667][ LAUGHTER ] WE KNOW THAT.
- [00:52:32.867]SO HERE'S SOME BIG DATA FOR YOU TO THINK ABOUT.
- [00:52:37.066]I JUST SHOWED YOU THE DIFFERENT TEST.
- [00:52:39.700]ALL INTERNATIONAL TESTS NOW HAVE
- [00:52:46.033]A NONCOGNITIVE ASPECT.
- [00:52:50.133]SINCE 2003, TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS STUDY,
- [00:52:54.200]THAT'S THE THIRD ONE OUT OF 1964, THE KEY USED TO BE THIRD,
- [00:53:00.300]BUT THE CHANCE THIRD INTO T.
- [00:53:02.934]AS USUAL, AMERICANS 8th GRADERS, 4th GRADER SCORED WAY
- [00:53:07.767]BELOW ASIAN STUDENTS IN MATH.
- [00:53:09.867]IN THE SAME STUDY, IT ASKS ANOTHER QUESTION
- [00:53:13.734]ABOUT CONFIDENCE.
- [00:53:14.166]I BELIEVE THAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO IN MATT.
- [00:53:15.867]THAT'S THE QUESTION.
- [00:53:17.033]CHILDREN SAID STRONGLY AGREE, AGREES A LOT, A LITTLE,
- [00:53:20.834]DISAGREES A LITTLE, DISAGREES A LOT.
- [00:53:24.133]SO YOU CAN IMAGINE AMERICAN STUDENTS MAY BE MATHEMATICALLY
- [00:53:28.133]CHALLENGED, STUPID, BUT THEY ARE VERY CONFIDENT.
- [00:53:30.533][ LAUGHTER ] AMERICAN STUDENTS OUTCONFIDENT
- [00:53:33.867]EVERYBODY.
- [00:53:36.800][ LAUGHTER ] SO HERE'S THE PUZZLE WE
- [00:53:45.300]RESEARCHERS DEAL WITH.
- [00:53:46.500]COUNTRIES THAT PRODUCE HIGH TEST SCORES IN MATH HAVE LOWER
- [00:53:49.233]CONFIDENCE AND LOWER ENJOYMENT.
- [00:53:51.900]IT'S A GLOBAL PHENOMENON.
- [00:53:53.333]DO YOU VALUE CONFIDENCE?
- [00:53:55.333]DO YOU VALUE TEST SCORES?
- [00:53:57.734]THIS IS NOT ONLY ONE TIME, IT IS ACTUALLY, WHAT HAPPENS
- [00:54:02.266]ALL THE TIME.
- [00:54:03.367]2011, WE HAVE ANOTHER TEAM STUDY REPEATED.
- [00:54:07.400]ALL THE EAST ASIAN STUDIES, MATH SCORES, OVER 100 POINTS HIGHER
- [00:54:10.667]THAN AMERICANS AND AUSTRALIANS AND THE BRITS, BUT YOU LOOK AT
- [00:54:14.166]THE CONFIDENT SCORES IN THE THIRD COLUMN AND THE VALUE
- [00:54:18.900]SCORES, THEY ARE MUCH LOWER.
- [00:54:20.033]SO LOOK AT THIS DATA.
- [00:54:22.033]AMERICANS COME TO DIFFERENT CONCLUSIONS.
- [00:54:24.967]THE WAY I UNDERSTAND IT, OKAY, MY GOD, OUR STUDENTS HAVE HIGH
- [00:54:29.000]CONFIDENCE BUT LOW TEST SCORES, WHICH MEANS THAT ARE TOO
- [00:54:33.133]CONFIDENT, TOO HAPPY FOR THEIR OWN GOOD.
- [00:54:35.367][ LAUGHTER ] WHY THEY SO HAPPY BUT
- [00:54:39.233]THEY SO BAD?
- [00:54:39.633]WELL, THEY DON'T KNOW HOW BAD THEY ARE?
- [00:54:42.700]WHY DON'T THEY KNOW HOW BAD THEY ARE?
- [00:54:44.867]BECAUSE THEY HAVE LOWER STANDARDS.
- [00:54:46.633]SO AMERICANS SINCE 1990s, HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR HIGHER
- [00:54:51.367]STANDARDS IN MATH AND ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES.
- [00:54:55.300]WE WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR CHILDREN KNOW THEY'RE BAD.
- [00:54:59.266]THEY'RE NOT WORSE THAN THEIR FRIENDS, BUT WORSE THAN
- [00:55:03.166]COUNTRIES THEY DIDN'T EVEN KNOW EXISTED.
- [00:55:05.333]NOW WE HAVE ASIAN COUNTRIES, THEY TOOK
- [00:55:08.934]A DIFFERENT INTERPRETATION.
- [00:55:09.400]AFTER ALL THE TEST SCORES, JAPAN WORRIED ABOUT THEIR CHILDREN
- [00:55:12.467]HAVE NO ENTHUSIASM IN SCIENCE.
- [00:55:16.066]NUMBER ONE STUDENTS IN READING, BUT HALF THEIR CHILDREN HAVE NO
- [00:55:21.266]INTEREST IN READING.
- [00:55:24.500]SINGAPORE WORRYING ABOUT CONFIDENCE.
- [00:55:25.533]AND FINLAND.
- [00:55:27.333]THEY WERE NUMBER ONE SCORE IN SCIENCE BUT THEY HAVE NO
- [00:55:32.300]INTEREST IN SCIENCE.
- [00:55:33.300]IF YOU HAVE NO INTEREST, YOU'RE NOT GOING TO BECOME A SCIENTIST.
- [00:55:37.367]AND PISA SCORES HAS A STRONG NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH
- [00:55:43.133]ENTREPRENEUR ACTIVITIES IN EVERY COUNTRY.
- [00:55:45.367]COUNTRIES WITH HIGHER MATH SCORES OR READING SCORES ON THE
- [00:55:50.333]PISA HAVE LOWER ENTREPRENEUR CONFIDENCE, ACTIVITIES, AND
- [00:55:56.633]GENERAL BEHAVIOR IN ENTREPRENEUR THINKING.
- [00:56:01.100]SO THESE ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS?
- [00:56:04.000]WHAT DO YOU WANT?
- [00:56:05.200]BECOME THE BEST SAUSAGE MAKER OR TO EXPAND?
- [00:56:09.600]SO FOR THE FUTURE TO KEEP THE CHILDREN OUT OF OUR BASEMENT, WE
- [00:56:13.667]CAN'T CONTINUE TO RELY ON WHAT WE HAVE.
- [00:56:16.400]WE HAVE TO MOVE FORWARD.
- [00:56:19.467]WE CANNOT BENCH MARK THE FUTURE OF AMERICA TO THE PAST.
- [00:56:22.734]WE WILL TRY TO LEARN FROM CHINA ABOUT BENCH MARKING TO THE PAST.
- [00:56:27.166]AMERICA IS WORRIED ABOUT CHINA SURPASSING IT IN THE FUTURE.
- [00:56:30.533]YOU KNOW AMERICA, CHINA SURPASSED AMERICA BEFORE THERE
- [00:56:34.367]WAS AN AMERICA.
- [00:56:37.066]1776.
- [00:56:37.367]AT THAT TIME CHINA WAS THE LARGEST ECONOMY FOR
- [00:56:44.266]ALMOST 2,000 YEARS.
- [00:56:44.567]ALMOST.
- [00:56:44.900]WHY DID NOT THE FOUNDING FATHERS BENCHMARK TO CHINA AT THAT TIME?
- [00:56:48.800]I DON'T KNOW.
- [00:56:50.333]IF THE FOUNDING FATHERS WERE INTERESTED IN GLOBAL
- [00:56:56.667]BENCHMARKING THEY WOULD HAVE BENCHMARKED CHINA OR ENGLAND AT
- [00:57:00.166]THAT TIME.
- [00:57:00.800]THEY INVENTED A SYSTEM.
- [00:57:04.200]TODAY, EDUCATION, WE NEED A DIFFERENT FUTURE.
- [00:57:06.834]WE CANNOT COPY SOMETHING IN THE PAST.
- [00:57:09.200]AMERICA HAS ALWAYS BEEN ABOUT THE VENTING, MAKING NEW THINGS.
- [00:57:13.600]SO -- INVENTING, MAKING NEW THINGS.
- [00:57:16.867]SO WE HAVE WASTED OUR TIME WITHOUT
- [00:57:21.400]INVENTING A FUTURE TODAY.
- [00:57:22.367]I ENCOURAGE US TO INVENT THE FUTURE BY MOVING TO A NEW
- [00:57:27.967]PARADIGM THAT IS BASED ON PEOPLE'S STRENGTHS.
- [00:57:32.367]EDUCATION IS ULTIMATELY ABOUT ENHANCING OUR STRENGTHS, NOT
- [00:57:35.967]FIXING OUR DEFICIT.
- [00:57:37.400]IT'S NOT IMPOSING A NATIONAL CURRICULUM, BUT TO SUPPORT A
- [00:57:41.100]PERSONAL CURRICULUM.
- [00:57:42.400]IT IS NOT HOMOGENIZING INDIVIDUALS, IT'S ABOUT
- [00:57:46.066]DIVERSIFYING INDIVIDUALS. IF THE FUTURE IF YOUR CHILDREN CAN
- [00:57:50.367]BE PURISTS, CAN ASK QUESTIONS, NOT ANSWER QUESTIONS.
- [00:57:56.734]CAN CREATE NEW IDEAS, CAN LOOK AT THE GLOBE AS OPPORTUNITIES,
- [00:58:01.600]NOT AS COMPETITION, WE WILL HAVE A HAPPY FUTURE FOR EVERYBODY.
- [00:58:05.000]SO WHAT I DEFINE THE FUTURE SUCCESS OF EDUCATION IS WE NEED
- [00:58:10.400]CREATIVE ENTREPRENEUR STUDENTS WHO ARE GLOBALLY COMPETENT.
- [00:58:16.800]AND WHO CAPITALIZE ON THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS.
- [00:58:25.300]PASSION-DRIVEN.
- [00:58:26.300]ENTREPRENEUR, IN ESSENCE, PEOPLE WHO CARE ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE'S
- [00:58:28.967]NEEDS AND DRIVE THE WHOLE THING.
- [00:58:30.467]JUST TO SHOW YOU HOW WE HAVE BEEN MAKING MISTAKES ABOUT
- [00:58:34.300]KNOWLEDGE AND ABOUT GLOBALIZATION, ABOUT
- [00:58:36.667]TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBALIZATION, WE HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT BASICALLY,
- [00:58:40.400]LOSSES OF THE PAST AS PROBLEMS.
- [00:58:42.266]POLITICS IN THIS COUNTRY IS ALWAYS ABOUT
- [00:58:44.867]PRESERVING THE PAST.
- [00:58:47.500]MICHIGAN HAS BEEN TRYING TO MAKE CARS FOREVER.
- [00:58:50.467]THEY DID NOT REALIZE IT.
- [00:58:52.667]THE STONE AGE DID NOT END BECAUSE THEY RUN OUT OF STONES.
- [00:58:57.867][ LAUGHTER ] THEY STILL THINK WE
- [00:59:01.066]CAN MAKE CARS.
- [00:59:01.533]MICHIGAN LOST THAT BATTLE.
- [00:59:03.000]THE ONLY REASON MICHIGAN IS STILL MAKING CARS BECAUSE
- [00:59:05.533]BASICALLY THEY WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE CAN RUN AWAY FROM IT AS
- [00:59:08.166]FAST AS POSSIBLE.
- [00:59:09.667]NOW WHAT WE NEED, IS TO RETHINK ABOUT EDUCATION.
- [00:59:13.734]IF WE WANT TO COMPETE WITH ANY COUNTRY, IF THAT'S THE GOAL, WE
- [00:59:17.900]CAN NOT COMPETE IN TEST SCORES.
- [00:59:21.200]EVEN IF WE DID PRODUCE SOME TEST SCORES AS STANDARD AS KOREA, IT
- [00:59:27.000]WOULD HAVE COST US $10,000 FOR THE TEST SCORES.
- [00:59:29.800]IN CHINA, THAT MAY ONLY COST $100.
- [00:59:33.200]THAT'S ALL THEY'VE LOST.
- [00:59:34.133]WE HAVE TO EDUCATE IN A DIFFERENT PATHWAY.
- [00:59:36.934]THAT'S WHAT AMERICA HAS TO DO.
- [00:59:41.867]PERSONALIZED EDUCATION, GLOBAL CONFIDENCE.
- [00:59:47.000]WE NEED TO CREATE SOMETHING TO HELP THEM UNDERSTAND.
- [00:59:50.600]BUT WE HAVE TO GO BEYOND THAT.
- [00:59:52.433]HUMAN BEINGS ARE VERY SELF-CENTERED.
- [00:59:56.467]THAT'S THE CHINESE VIEW, I CALL ASIAN CHINA.
- [01:00:00.300]WE'RE KIND OF LIKE EVERYBODY IS TRASHY SUBJECTS,
- [01:00:05.333]WE ARE GREAT PEOPLE.
- [01:00:06.367]AND TODAY, AMERICANS STILL HAVE THE SAME VIEW OF OTHERS.
- [01:00:13.367][ LAUGHTER ] THAT'S HOW WE VIEW OTHERS.
- [01:00:17.033][ LAUGHTER ] SO TO END.
- [01:00:33.767]WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO DO TO BUILD A NEW EDUCATION SYSTEM.
- [01:00:37.934]MARE HAS THE RESOURCES, AMERICA HAS THE CULTURE TRADITION,
- [01:00:41.734]AMERICA HAS THE WILL.
- [01:00:42.800]WE GOT TO INVENT.
- [01:00:45.033]INVENT IN THE FUTURE MEANS OUR SCHOOLS HAVE A PERSONALIZED
- [01:00:51.100]EDUCATION EXPERIENCE, MOVE THE PRODUCT OVER THE LEARNING AND
- [01:00:53.700]TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE GLOBALIZED CAMPUS IDEA.
- [01:00:56.400]TO MAKE ALL OF THIS HAPPEN, TO KEEP YOUR KIDS OUT OF YOUR
- [01:01:00.066]BASEMENT, THE ONLY THING YOU NEED TO DO IS JUST READ MY BOOK.
- [01:01:03.266][ LAUGHTER ] SOLVES ALL THE PROBLEM.
- [01:01:06.867]OKAY?
- [01:01:07.700]AND IF YOU DON'T WANT TO READ THE BOOK, YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THE
- [01:01:11.266]SLIDES ON MY WEBSITE AND TAKE CARE OF THIS.
- [01:01:14.667]SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
- [01:01:15.500]KEEP THE KIDS OUT OF OUR BASEMENT.
- [01:01:17.834]MAKE THEM INDEPENDENT.
- [01:01:18.600]THANK YOU.
- [01:01:19.066][ APPLAUSE ] THANK YOU.
- [01:01:23.033]THANK YOU.
- [01:01:37.734]>> IS THIS MIC ON NOW?
- [01:01:43.433]LET'S SEE IF IT'S ON NOW.
- [01:01:45.233]CAN YOU HEAR ME?
- [01:01:47.633]>> YES.
- [01:01:48.233]>> GREAT.
- [01:01:48.667]IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, GET A CARD FROM ONE OF THE USHERS.
- [01:01:53.533]GIVE THE CARD BACK TO THE USHERS AND THOSE WILL BE BROUGHT OVER
- [01:01:57.734]AND QUICKLY SORTED SO THAT WE CAN ASK QUESTIONS AS
- [01:02:04.867]QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.
- [01:02:09.000]WHILE WE'RE WAITING FOR SOME QUESTIONS TO COME, LET ME POINT
- [01:02:13.533]OUT THAT THE THEME FOR NEXT YEAR FOR THE THOMPSON
- [01:02:20.500]FORUM IS CREATIVITY.
- [01:02:21.467]SO WHAT WE HAVE RECEIVED THIS EVENING IN THIS LECTURE IS A
- [01:02:26.000]WONDERFUL END TO THIS LECTURE SERIES ON U.S. AND THEM.
- [01:02:32.967]BUT IT ALSO ANTICIPATES WHERE WE WILL BE GOING NEXT YEAR AS WE
- [01:02:38.533]LOOK AT ISSUES OF CREATIVITY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD IN A
- [01:02:43.333]VARIETY OF DIFFERENT AREAS.
- [01:02:48.333]WHILE I'M WAITING FOR QUESTIONS, LET ME POINT OUT THAT AFTER WE
- [01:02:52.133]FINISH THE QUESTION AND ANSWER PERIOD, YOU WILL HAVE THE
- [01:02:57.667]OPPORTUNITY TO SECURE COPIES OF YONG ZHAO'S BOOKS, AND HE WILL
- [01:03:02.900]BE AVAILABLE TO SIGN THOSE DOWN IN THE LOBBY ON THE MAIN FLOOR
- [01:03:08.767]WHERE YOU CAME IN.
- [01:03:12.400]WHILE WE'RE WAITING FOR QUESTIONS TO COME FROM THE
- [01:03:17.066]AUDIENCE, LET ME ASK ONE THAT FOLLOWS UP WITH WHAT YOU WERE
- [01:03:22.266]SPEAKING ABOUT.
- [01:03:23.600]YOU WERE SUGGESTING THE NEED FOR A NEW PARADIGM, A NEW APPROACH
- [01:03:27.233]THAT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL STRENGTHS AND NOT
- [01:03:33.867]THE WEAKNESSES.
- [01:03:34.867]CAN YOU GIVE SOME EXAMPLES OF WHAT THAT WOULD LOOK LIKE IN
- [01:03:41.667]AMERICAN SCHOOLS TODAY, IF, RATHER THAN WHAT PRESIDENTS HAVE
- [01:03:45.667]RECOMMENDED, YOU WERE IN CHARGE OF SHAPING THE REFORM OF
- [01:03:49.200]AMERICAN SCHOOLS.
- [01:03:51.800]>> I THINK IT START FROM NATIONAL POLICY LEVEL, I WOULD
- [01:03:57.300]GIVE BACK ALL THE CURRICULUM PEDAGOGICAL AUTHORITY BACK TO
- [01:04:03.600]SCHOOL DISTRICTS, AND I WOULD GIVE A LOT OF AUTONOMY
- [01:04:07.600]BACK TO TEACHERS.
- [01:04:07.967]SO THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS YOU HAVE TO DO --
- [01:04:12.400][ APPLAUSE ] AND THEN THAT'S NOT ENOUGH.
- [01:04:15.266]LIKE I SAID, BUT THEN WE WOULD SWITCH AROUND.
- [01:04:17.800]MAKE OUR SCHOOL FOLLOW THE CHILD.
- [01:04:21.767]LIVING IN OREGON, AS A STATE, THE GOVERNOR WAS VERY PROUD.
- [01:04:25.300]WE JUST HAD OUR FIRST KINDERGARTEN READINESS
- [01:04:28.467]ASSESSMENT.
- [01:04:31.200]KINDERGARTEN READINESS ASSESSMENT.
- [01:04:33.266]I THINK THAT'S REALLY SILLY.
- [01:04:39.000]KINDERGARTEN IS NOT A JOB.
- [01:04:40.233]YOU DON'T GET READY FOR KINDERGARTEN. WE NEED TO FOLLOW
- [01:04:43.066]THE CHILD, NOT SOME PRESCRIBED CURRICULUM.
- [01:04:49.066]PERSONALIZED EDUCATION.
- [01:04:51.033]THERE'S A LOT OF MYTHS.
- [01:04:54.066]SAYING AMERICAN EDUCATION IS WASTING MONEY.
- [01:04:56.767]BECAUSE WE SPEND $10,000, A LOT MORE MONEY THAN OTHER COUNTRIES,
- [01:05:00.734]BUT OUR TEST SCORES ARE LOWER.
- [01:05:02.533]THAT'S A VERY BAD MYTH BY A LOT OF BOOK WRITERS.
- [01:05:07.500]LIKE ONE CALLED THE SMARTEST KID CLUB.
- [01:05:11.000]THE BIGGEST MISTAKE IS TO ONLY USE TEST SCORES AS A WAY TO
- [01:05:15.600]MEASURE QUALITY OF EDUCATION.
- [01:05:17.100]LET ME GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE, SINCE WE'RE IN NEBRASKA, YOU
- [01:05:21.800]TOOK ME TO A RESTAURANT, AND SAY A FOOD WITHOUT
- [01:05:27.200]BEER IS A MISTAKE.
- [01:05:27.533]WHEN SOME OF YOU WENT TO COLLEGE AND YOU DRANK $3 BOTTLE OF WINE.
- [01:05:32.567]NOW YOU DRINK $30 BOTTLE OF WINE.
- [01:05:36.100]THAT'S 10 TIMES MORE.
- [01:05:38.333]BUT IF YOU ONLY MEASURE HOW FAST YOU GET DRUNK, IT'S PROBABLY
- [01:05:41.834]ABOUT THE SAME.
- [01:05:42.834]IT'S NO DIFFERENCE.
- [01:05:43.900]IT'S THIS OTHER THINGS.
- [01:05:44.734]THE OTHER PART IS THE PERSONALIZIZATION PIECE,
- [01:05:49.900]PERSONALIZATION PIECE, THE
- [01:05:53.166]CREATIVITY IN OUR STUDENTS.
- [01:05:54.200]>> DOES DECLINING CREATIVITY ALSO HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON
- [01:05:59.066]STUDENTS' WORK ETHICS?
- [01:06:03.700]>> TREMENDOUSLY.
- [01:06:04.266]I WAS PULLING UP A SPECIAL ISSUE 2010 OF NEWSWEEK THAT DOCUMENTED
- [01:06:08.533]THE DECLINE OF CREATIVITY AMONG OUR YOUTH SINCE THE 1990s.
- [01:06:15.533]1990s COINCIDED WITH THE
- [01:06:21.333]STANDARD CORE MOVEMENT.
- [01:06:22.133]AND PARENTS, THE BABY BOOMERS, THEIR CHILDREN HAVE
- [01:06:26.700]BECOME VERY SERIOUS.
- [01:06:27.033]WE PRESCRIBE A LOT OF OUR CHILDREN'S ACTIVITIES.
- [01:06:30.333]WE WERE READING WATCHING TV WITH THEM, OUR CHILDREN WERE DEPRIVED
- [01:06:35.500]OPPORTUNITIES TO FREE PLAY, TO EXPLORE.
- [01:06:38.266]WHEN YOU MANAGE THEM, WHICH CHINA IS GOOD AT.
- [01:06:41.500]YOU CANNOT DO THAT.
- [01:06:42.800]THE OTHER ISSUES WITH WORK ETHICS IS ENGAGEMENT.
- [01:06:47.100]HONEST CHILDREN, WE ARE DRIVEN BY OUR OWN PURSUIT.
- [01:06:53.300]UNLESS WE'RE INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED, WE'RE NOT ENGAGED.
- [01:06:59.367]WE'RE DOING SOMETHING ELSE'S TASKS.
- [01:07:01.567]AS I WROTE IN MY BOOK, A LOT OF LEARNING IS ABOUT FULFILLING
- [01:07:05.934]OBLIGATIONS OF SOMEBODY ELSE.
- [01:07:06.934]TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE A GOOD STUDENT.
- [01:07:09.133]SO I CALL THIS EMPEROR.
- [01:07:15.200]MOST WERE NOT ENGAGED.
- [01:07:19.033]22% OF WORKERS IN JAPAN ARE ENGAGED IN THE JOB.
- [01:07:22.467]IN THE U.S., 30%, ACTUALLY MUCH BETTER THAN THAT.
- [01:07:25.900]SO WORK ETHICS, HAS TO DO ARE YOU INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED, DO
- [01:07:31.200]YOU CHOOSE DO THIS OR ARE YOU FORCED TO DO THIS?
- [01:07:33.400]>> HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT TEACHERS IN THE UNITED STATES?
- [01:07:35.333]ARE THEY ON THE SAME PATH THAT EDUCATION IN GENERAL IS HEADED?
- [01:07:39.734]ARE THEY MAKING THE DIFFERENCE?
- [01:07:43.000]>> WELL, I THINK -- I HAVE BEEN TO A LOT OF CLASSROOMS AND
- [01:07:47.367]TALKED TO A LOT OF TEACHERS.
- [01:07:50.667]I THINK MOST TEACHERS, WE'RE FOLLOWING THAT AUTHORITARIAN
- [01:07:57.133]SAUSAGE MAKING PARADIGM.
- [01:07:59.000]BUT AMERICAN TEACHERS HAVE SOMEHOW NOT BEEN AS GOOD AT
- [01:08:03.900]FOLLOWING THOSE THINGS.
- [01:08:04.934]THEY ARE NOT AS GOOD SAUSAGE MAKERS AS OTHER COUNTRIES
- [01:08:08.800]BECAUSE THEY TREAT CHILDREN TO SOME DEGREE AT LEAST,
- [01:08:12.734]AS HUMAN BEINGS.
- [01:08:13.066]SO THEY ARE TEACHING CHILDREN, NOT SUBJECTS.
- [01:08:16.633]MANY OF YOU CRITICIZE AMERICAN TEACHERS FOR THIS.
- [01:08:20.966]YOU HAVE A 1st GRADE STUDENT, MARY OR JOHN COMES TO CLASS AND
- [01:08:25.500]THE TEACHER ASKS MARY OR JOHN WHAT'S 1 PLUS 1?
- [01:08:30.332]IF MARY SAYS 3, MOST AMERICAN TEACHERS, I OBSERVED WILL SAY,
- [01:08:35.066]MARY THAT'S A VERY INTERESTING ANSWER.
- [01:08:37.200]CAN YOU SAY MORE ABOUT THAT?
- [01:08:38.332][ LAUGHTER ] NOW THAT'S THE CHALLENGE THAT
- [01:08:41.867]PEOPLE SAY THAT'S POOR MATH TEACHING.
- [01:08:45.033]BUT THAT CULTIVATES THE POSSIBILITY FOR THE CHILD TO
- [01:08:48.867]FEEL CONFIDENT TO EXPLAIN WHAT IT MEANS.
- [01:08:54.166]BUT IT'S VERY INEFFICIENT COMPARED TO CHINA'S
- [01:09:04.332]MATHEMATIC CONSTANT.
- [01:09:04.734]TEACHERS HAVE BEEN FORCED TO NARROW THEIR TEACHING, TO BECOME
- [01:09:07.567]A BETTER, BETTER MACHINE TO DRIVE THE CONTINENT.
- [01:09:12.100]BECAUSE THEY HAVE TO COVER SO MUCH CONTENT PRESCRIBED BY THE
- [01:09:15.800]STATE, THEY ARE NOW HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR
- [01:09:19.600]STUDENT TEST SCORES.
- [01:09:20.633]TEACHERS ARE REWARDED OR PUNISHED ON TEST SCORES, WITH
- [01:09:25.300]TEACHERS THEY'RE IGNORING THE CURRICULUM, AND WE'RE PUNISHING
- [01:09:28.300]A LOT OF OUR TEACHERS FOR THAT REASON.
- [01:09:31.500]THAT'S WHERE I THINK I SEE THE SADNESS OF OUR TEACHERS, TO DO
- [01:09:34.567]THE SAME THING AS OTHER COUNTRIES.
- [01:09:38.166]BY THE WAY I DON'T KNOW IF NEBRASKA IS DOING THIS.
- [01:09:43.300]REWARDING OR PUNISHES TEACHERS ON A STUDENT'S TEST SCORES
- [01:09:49.399]ACTUALLY VIOLATES THE CHILD LABOR LAW.
- [01:09:57.533]YOU ARE BASING INCOME ON CHILD PERFORMANCE.
- [01:10:00.800]>> HOW DO YOU ASSESS PRESENT AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES, AND ARE
- [01:10:03.900]THEY ALSO IN NEED OF PARADIGM SHIFTS IN EDUCATION?
- [01:10:09.066]>> AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES, AGAIN, SOME OF THE BEST -- YOU KNOW
- [01:10:15.066]AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES, WE HAVE NOT ONLY THE LARGEST NUMBER, WE
- [01:10:18.633]HAVE THE LARGEST DIVERSITY ACROSS THE GLOBE.
- [01:10:22.266]WE HAVE VERY DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNIVERSITIES, AND THEY'RE HAPPY
- [01:10:25.934]TO BE THEMSELVES.
- [01:10:27.333]MORE IMPORTANTLY, WE ARE ONE OF VERY FEW SYSTEMS THAT ACTUALLY
- [01:10:33.166]RELY ON MULTIPLE WAYS OF ADMITTING STUDENTS.
- [01:10:36.433]SO WE'RE HAPPY ABOUT DIVERSITY AND WE'RE HAPPY TO PUT UP
- [01:10:40.333]DIFFERENT THINGS TO HAVE A DIVERSE CAMPUS.
- [01:10:42.667]DIVERSITY IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS.
- [01:10:57.667]THAT'S STILL NOT SUFFICIENT.
- [01:10:58.400]WE STILL HAVE MAJORS, TRAININGS, AND NOW MANY UNIVERSITIES ARE
- [01:10:59.867]MOVING TOWARD THE PARADIGM SHIFT, ALLOWING A PERSONALIZED
- [01:11:01.266]DEFINITION OF EDUCATION.
- [01:11:01.867]SOME UNIVERSITIES ALLOW PEOPLE TO PUT TOGETHER THEIR OWN
- [01:11:03.200]MAJORS, FOR EXAMPLE, SOME ALLOW THEM TO TAKE A YEAR OFF TO GO TO
- [01:11:04.767]OTHER PLACES.
- [01:11:05.233]IT'S SHIFTING A LOT.
- [01:11:06.500]BUT IT'S STILL NOT ENOUGH.
- [01:11:08.667]AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, THE POLICY IS PUTTING AMERICA AGAIN,
- [01:11:13.767]BACKWARDS.
- [01:11:14.133]WE ARE TRYING TO REQUIRE TO MAKE UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTABLE NOW.
- [01:11:19.700]WE WANT THE UNIVERSITY TO TEACH THE SAME THING.
- [01:11:22.433]FACULTY ARE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR STUDENTS' WORTH, AND THAT'S
- [01:11:25.467]ACTUALLY VERY DANGEROUS.
- [01:11:27.367][ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU.
- [01:11:32.834]ARE PRIVATE SCHOOLS HELD TO THE SAME STANDARDS
- [01:11:38.533]AS PUBLIC EDUCATION?
- [01:11:38.934]WHAT ARE YOUR IDEAS ON PRIVATE SCHOOLING?
- [01:11:41.834]>> WELL, I AM A PERSON WHO SUPPORTS DIVERSITY, SO I THINK
- [01:11:47.900]PRIVATE SCHOOLS HAVE ITS PLACE, AND I ACTUALLY DON'T BELIEVE
- [01:11:51.133]THAT PRIVATE SCHOOLS SHOULD BE SUBJECT TO THE SAME
- [01:11:55.233]STANDARDS AS OTHERS.
- [01:11:55.567]I JUST THINK, COMING FROM A COUNTRY IN CHINA THAT EVERYTHING
- [01:11:58.133]IS MANAGED BY ONE PARTY, BY ONE AUTHORITY, I HAVE A NATURAL
- [01:12:06.400]AVERSION TO ANYBODY WHO HAS AUTHORITY AND WANTS TO USE
- [01:12:07.734]PUBLIC DOLLARS TO MANAGE OTHER PEOPLE'S BUSINESS.
- [01:12:10.533]SO I HAVE A VERY STRONG BIAS.
- [01:12:12.734]BUT PUBLIC SCHOOLS I THINK SHOULD HAVE A LOT MORE
- [01:12:16.700]SELF-DETERMINATION.
- [01:12:17.367]GOVERNMENTS, THE STATE, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD
- [01:12:21.567]GUARANTEE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND NOT EQUAL CONTENT.
- [01:12:29.100]SO WE SHOULD GIVE THE EQUAL EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY TO ALL
- [01:12:31.934]CHILDREN, BUT EQUAL OPPORTUNITY DOES NOT MEAN LEARNING THE SAME
- [01:12:36.066]THING AT THE SAME TIME FOR ALL CHILDREN.
- [01:12:38.734]THAT'S VERY DIFFERENT.
- [01:12:42.433]IF THE CONTINENT IS THE SAME, DETERMINED BY A SMALL BODY OF
- [01:12:45.934]PEOPLE USING TAX DOLLARS, IT'S NO DIFFERENT THAN THE
- [01:12:50.166]INDOCTRINATION FOR ONE PARTY.
- [01:12:55.233]>> HOW HAS U.S. IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE OR HISTORY
- [01:13:03.567]CONTRIBUTED TO OUR CREATIVITY?
- [01:13:11.100]WHAT WOULD THE EFFECT IN AMERICAN CREATIVITY BE
- [01:13:12.700]OF RESTRICTING IMMIGRATION?
- [01:13:13.367]>> AMERICA HAS BY ACCIDENT, AGAIN, OPENING
- [01:13:14.700]UP TO IMMIGRATION.
- [01:13:15.100]THAT BRINGS A LOT OF DIFFERENT IDEAS.
- [01:13:17.800]IT ACTUALLY FORCES DIFFERENT THINGS.
- [01:13:21.934]IMMIGRATION -- FLORIDA HAS DONE A LOT OF RESEARCH ON THIS.
- [01:13:25.066]IMMIGRATION BRINGS DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES.
- [01:13:27.133]NUMBER 2, BRINGS HUGE PRESSURE TO INVEST IN PEOPLE.
- [01:13:31.233]BECAUSE THEY TAKE LOWER LEVEL JOBS, IT FORCES PEOPLE TO BE
- [01:13:34.800]CREATIVITY, TO DO SOMETHING -- CREATIVE, TO DO SOMETHING THING.
- [01:13:39.133]AND IT ALLOWS US TO BECOME MORE TOLERANT OF EACH OTHER.
- [01:13:44.633]SO THAT AND THE TOLERANCE IS HIGHLY CORRELATED
- [01:13:47.900]WITH CREATIVITY.
- [01:13:49.200]IN FLORIDA, RESEARCH THE ECONOMIST WHO STUDIES THIS AND
- [01:13:54.600]TOLERANCE IS ONE OF THE INDEXES IN THE CREATIVITY INDEX.
- [01:13:59.200]HOW TOLERANT WE ARE IN SOCIETY DIRECTLY CORRELATES WITH OUR
- [01:14:04.100]CREATIVITY CAPACITY.
- [01:14:07.367]IMMIGRATION I THINK DRIVES THAT.
- [01:14:08.934]ANOTHER ISSUE WE FACE, WHICH I DIDN'T TALK ABOUT, GLOBALIZATION
- [01:14:14.033]ENABLES GLOBAL MOVEMENTS OF TALENTS.
- [01:14:19.767]SO EVEN THE U.S. BEGAN TO TIGHTEN LEGAL IMMIGRATION
- [01:14:24.734]POLICY, WE WOULD BE DRIVING AWAY A LOT OF TALENTS.
- [01:14:27.734]THEY'LL MOVE TO OTHER PLACES.
- [01:14:30.066]THERE'S A BOOK CALLED THE FLIGHT OF THE CREATIVE CLASS.
- [01:14:34.567]THEY ARE EXTREMELY MOBILE AND WE CAN MOVE TO
- [01:14:39.033]MANY DIFFERENT PLACES.
- [01:14:39.367]WE HAVE TO FIND A WAY TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN THAT MOVABLE TALENTS,
- [01:14:45.100]GLOBALLY.
- [01:14:45.467]>> WHAT DOES YOUR VISION FOR EDUCATION LOOK LIKE IN AN
- [01:14:49.100]INDIVIDUAL CLASSROOM SETTING?
- [01:14:50.900]DO YOU HAVE ANY ADVICE FOR TEACHERS TODAY?
- [01:14:53.734]>> OH, YEAH.
- [01:14:54.200]I HAVE A LOT.
- [01:14:55.633]READ THE BOOK, PLEASE.
- [01:14:56.233][ LAUGHTER ] IT'S VERY SIMPLE.
- [01:15:02.266]I WOULD START, INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING, YOU WOULD ASK
- [01:15:05.767]STUDENTS, START WITH THEIR PASSION.
- [01:15:07.233]START WITH THEIR INTEREST.
- [01:15:08.367]DON'T WORRY ABOUT COUNTING.
- [01:15:12.100]START WITH A PROJECT.
- [01:15:13.700]YOUR 3rd GRADER CAN SAY I'M VERY INTERESTED IN WRITING A
- [01:15:17.867]STORY, A MULTIMEDIA IBOOK FOR CHILDREN IN CHINA ABOUT LIFE IN
- [01:15:21.700]NEBRASKA.
- [01:15:23.367]THAT MIGHT BE A VERY GOOD BOOK.
- [01:15:25.867]THEN YOU WOULD BE DEALING WITH WHATEVER YOU LEARN FROM THAT.
- [01:15:28.533]THAT CHILD WILL NOT BE ABLE TO WRITE A GOOD BOOK TO BE READ BY
- [01:15:33.834]CHINESE UNLESS HE OR SHE IS GOOD AT LANGUAGE MANIPULATION,
- [01:15:38.133]GRAPHING, DRAWING, ALL THOSE THINGS.
- [01:15:40.166]SO YOU ALWAYS START WITH SOMETHING.
- [01:15:42.100]ASK STUDENTS WHAT DO THEY WANT TO DO.
- [01:15:44.000]DO YOU HAVE AN INTEREST IN SOMETHING?
- [01:15:46.834]CREATING SOMETHING.
- [01:15:47.834]TODAY WE HAVE SO MUCH TECHNOLOGY.
- [01:15:50.200]I'M RUNNING A BIG PROJECT FOR A GLOBAL LANGUAGE
- [01:15:57.233]AND CULTURAL INSTITUTES.
- [01:15:57.633]WE HAVE STUDENTS FROM MIDDLE SCHOOLS AND HIGH SCHOOLS WORKING
- [01:16:02.700]TOGETHER TO CREATE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE LESSONS COURSES AND
- [01:16:08.166]MATERIAL FOR EACH OTHER.
- [01:16:09.300]FOR EXAMPLE WE HAVE A SCHOOL IN IRELAND TO TEACH THE GAELIC
- [01:16:16.867]CULTURE AND STUDENTS IN BEIJING ARE LEARNING FROM THEM.
- [01:16:23.900]TEACH MATH, YOUR CHILDREN CAN RUN ACADEMY AND -- WE NEED TO
- [01:16:30.367]LIVE WITH OUR CHILDREN AND THINKING THEY CAN DO SOMETHING.
- [01:16:35.633]UNIVERSITY HAVE ADMISSION CRITERIA FOR THAT.
- [01:16:37.767]THEY HAVE A LOOK AT WHAT CHILDREN CAN DO, NOT WHAT THEY
- [01:16:41.000]CAN TEST AS.
- [01:16:41.834]A LOT OF COMPANIES ARE DOING THE SAME THING.
- [01:16:47.033]GOOGLE AND OTHERS.
- [01:16:48.834]TEACHERS, DO NOT LOOK AT WHAT THEY CAN NOT DO.
- [01:16:54.033]YOU HAVE AN IMMIGRANT WHO DOES NOT SPEAK THE ENGLISH YET, BUT
- [01:16:58.233]THAT PERSON IS GOOD AT SOMETHING.
- [01:17:00.400]BY THE WAY EVERYBODY IS GOOD AT SOMETHING.
- [01:17:04.767]YOU CANNOT BE GOOD AT EVERYTHING.
- [01:17:07.934]YOU CANNOT BE BAD AT EVERYTHING.
- [01:17:09.500]YOU HAVE TO LOOK HARD.
- [01:17:10.700]BUT TRADITIONAL SOCIETY, WHEN WE PRESCRIBE THIS SAUSAGE MAKING,
- [01:17:15.767]WE'RE BASICALLY DEFINING WHAT'S INCLUDED IN THE CURRICULUM IS
- [01:17:19.967]GOOD, WHAT'S NOT IS NOT VALUABLE.
- [01:17:22.266]TODAY, LUCKILY, AFTER SO MANY MILLENNIUM OF WORK, WE HAVE
- [01:17:26.333]ARRIVED AT A TIME THAT ALMOST EVERY TALENT IS VALUABLE.
- [01:17:28.867]SO AS TEACHERS, START WITH WHAT A CHILD CAN DO.
- [01:17:33.100]WHEN A CHILD FEELS GOOD ABOUT WHAT THEY DO, THEY ARE MUCH MORE
- [01:17:37.033]LIKELY TO ENGAGE IN SCHOOL.
- [01:17:38.166]PEOPLE ASK ME HOW DID YOU GET OUT OF THE VILLAGE?
- [01:17:41.500]WELL SIMPLY SPEAKING, I WAS A HORRIBLE FARMER.
- [01:17:44.400][ LAUGHTER ] SO I WAS SOMEBODY ROUNDING AWAY
- [01:17:47.734]FROM BEING A PEASANT.
- [01:17:49.567]I'VE ALWAYS TOLD PEOPLE I MIGHT BE A SUCCESSFUL PROFESSOR, BUT I
- [01:17:54.934]AM A FAILED PEASANT.
- [01:17:58.133]SO THE SCHOOL MADE ME FEEL GOOD.
- [01:18:00.133]I WAS RUNNING AWAY FROM WHAT I WAS NOT ABLE TO DO.
- [01:18:03.133]SO THAT'S HOW I WOULD START.
- [01:18:05.133]>> WHAT IS THE VALUE OF STANDARDIZED TESTING? DOES IT
- [01:18:08.200]HAVE VALUE?
- [01:18:09.300]SHOULD WE STANDARDIZE TESTING FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS?
- [01:18:15.233]WHAT WOULD THE BENEFIT BE?
- [01:18:19.367]>> STANDARDIZED TESTING.
- [01:18:20.667]IT DEPENDS.
- [01:18:22.367]AS A REFERENCE, ACTUALLY IT'S VALUABLE.
- [01:18:24.934]IF YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
- [01:18:28.033]FOR EXAMPLE, BUT NEVER AS A GATEWAY.
- [01:18:29.967]FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU WANT TO BECOME A MUSICIAN, A VIOLINIST.
- [01:18:34.667]THERE IS STANDARDS FOR YOU TO BECOME ONE.
- [01:18:37.000]THERE'S SOME MEASUREMENT.
- [01:18:42.567]SO STANDARD TESTS, YOU TAKE YOUR
- [01:18:46.567]CHILDREN TO THE HOSPITAL TO THE DOCTOR, THEY HAVE STANDARDS TO
- [01:18:49.367]MEASURE IS YOUR CHILD 95th PERCENTILE OF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT.
- [01:18:54.567]BUT IF THAT PERSON, USING THAT ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES TO SAY
- [01:19:00.200]THAT EVERY CHILD IN THIS COUNTRY SHALL BE 1.56, 3.76, BY AGE 3.
- [01:19:06.433]IF NOT LET THEM TAKE OVER.
- [01:19:09.166][ LAUGHTER ] THEN THAT'S A PROBLEM.
- [01:19:10.834]SO AS A PARENT WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?
- [01:19:13.000]YOU SAY I FED THOSE KIDS BROCCOLI AND EVERYTHING.
- [01:19:17.000]BUT THEY STILL AT 3.5.
- [01:19:18.967]WHAT AM I GOING TO DO?
- [01:19:20.300]YOU BUY STRETCHERS AT NIGHT.
- [01:19:21.867][ LAUGHTER ] SO IT IS HOW YOU USE IT.
- [01:19:26.333]THEY'RE GOOD AS REFERENCE, BUT NOT GOOD AS GATE KEEPERS OR AS
- [01:19:31.066]WAY TO DISTRIBUTE RESOURCE PUNITIVE THINGS LIKE THAT.
- [01:19:34.900]>> I'LL READ TWO QUESTIONS WHICH ARE SIMILAR QUESTIONS AND WE'LL
- [01:19:38.934]END WITH THESE.
- [01:19:40.467]PERSONALIZING EDUCATION SEEMS TO BE A PRIMARY
- [01:19:43.734]CONCERN FOR STUDENTS.
- [01:19:44.100]BUT HOW DO YOU CREATE A PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM THAT CAN
- [01:19:49.500]ADEQUATELY MEET THE NEEDS OF MILLIONS OF STUDENTS WHILE STILL
- [01:19:53.467]MAKING IT PERSONAL-BASED LEARNING?
- [01:19:56.333]AND THEN A RELATED QUESTION.
- [01:19:58.867]AFTER STUDENTS GET INDIVIDUAL EDUCATION, HOW DO THEY FIND A
- [01:20:03.667]JOB TO ALLOW THEM TO MOVE OUT OF THE BASEMENT.
- [01:20:05.333]>> THANK YOU.
- [01:20:06.166]THAT'S A BEAUTIFUL QUESTION.
- [01:20:07.467]WELL, FIRST OF ALL, IN THE 21st CENTURY, THE ECONOMY,
- [01:20:15.233]WE'VE ALREADY MADE A SHIFT.
- [01:20:17.166]BEFORE, COMPANIES SAID, I'M MAKING THIS AND SENDING
- [01:20:21.800]THIS TO YOU.
- [01:20:22.100]TODAY IT'S ALWAYS ABOUT PERSONALIZED.
- [01:20:23.900]I WANT THIS, YOU MAKE IT FOR ME.
- [01:20:27.767]PERSONALIZED PUBLISHING.
- [01:20:31.100]EMPLOYEE-OWNED COMPANIES.
- [01:20:32.033]LOOK AT AMAZON.
- [01:20:34.033]EDUCATION IS VERY MUCH LIKE THAT.
- [01:20:35.900]I THINK WE HAVE DIFFICULTY.
- [01:20:36.900]WE ARE PROVIDING PERSONALIZATION.
- [01:20:39.533]NO, YOU WANT A STUDENT TO DRIVE THAT.
- [01:20:42.233]EDUCATION IS MADE BY STUDENTS.
- [01:20:45.333]SO I WANT OUR SCHOOLS TO FOCUS ON ALLOWING CHILDREN TO CREATE
- [01:20:49.633]THEIR OWN PATHWAYS.
- [01:20:51.867]YOU CREATE THE OPPORTUNITIES.
- [01:20:53.200]SO WHAT IF WE VIEW SCHOOLS AS A MUSEUM?
- [01:20:57.633]TEACHERS AS THE CURATORS OF LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES.
- [01:21:00.266]SO THE CHILDREN CAN START FROM ANYWHERE IN A MUSEUM.
- [01:21:03.800]YOU DON'T FORCE THEM INTO A PATHWAY.
- [01:21:06.200]SO THEY CREATE THE WHOLE THING.
- [01:21:07.834]AND TODAY WITH TECHNOLOGY, WITH THOSE LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES,
- [01:21:13.867]THE OPEN COURSES WHERE CHILDREN COLLABORATE IN, IT'S VERY
- [01:21:17.800]POSSIBLE FOR US TO CREATE PERSONALIZED EDUCATION.
- [01:21:22.266]MY CHILD FOR EXAMPLE IS INTERESTED IN FASHION DESIGN,
- [01:21:26.000]THERE'S NO REASON THAT CHILD CAN'T PUT TOGETHER A VERY NICE
- [01:21:30.667]FASHION DESIGN COURSE THROUGH YOUTUBE.
- [01:21:33.100]WE CAN DO THAT.
- [01:21:33.934]WE HAVE THE MATH IN OUR SCHOOLS AS A GLOBALIZED CAMPUS THAT WE
- [01:21:45.800]CAN BORROW FROM OTHER PLACES.
- [01:21:46.533]THE SECOND THING IS THAT WE ARE NOT PREPARING PEOPLE
- [01:21:49.166]TO FIND JOBS.
- [01:21:49.467]THEY HAVE TO CREATE JOBS.
- [01:21:50.100]AND THE JOBS, WE CALL SELF-EMPLOYMENT, YOU LOOK AT IT,
- [01:21:51.500]IT HAS RISEN DRAMATICALLY IN THE U.S.
- [01:21:53.967]A LOT OF US CALL FREE AGENT NATION.
- [01:21:56.867]PEOPLE ARE NOT FINDING EMPLOYEES, THEY ARE CREATING
- [01:22:01.300]THEIR OWN ENTERPRISES.
- [01:22:02.600]COMPANIES.
- [01:22:03.000]SO WE NEED TO CREATE OURSELVES.
- [01:22:05.834]IT'S NOT ABOUT VERTICAL MOVEMENT ANYMORE,
- [01:22:09.967]IT'S HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT.
- [01:22:10.333]THIS IS A MAJOR ECONOMIC SHIFT WE'RE GOING TO MOVE ON.
- [01:22:13.367]SO THEY WILL BE OUT OF YOUR BASEMENT, THEY CAN'T OPERATE IN
- [01:22:18.734]YOUR BASEMENT.
- [01:22:20.767]THEY'LL HAVE TO BE OUT.
- [01:22:21.400]THAT'S A METAPHOR FOR THEM TO BE INDEPENDENT, THAT'S ALL.
- [01:22:24.300]SO DON'T KICK THEM OUT.
- [01:22:25.533]THEY MAY BE DOING SOMETHING COOL IN YOUR BASEMENT.
- [01:22:27.934][ LAUGHTER ] THE KEY IS THAT THEY WILL NOT
- [01:22:32.734]EXPECT GOVERNMENT OR BIG COMPANIES TO CREATE JOBS JUST
- [01:22:36.667]BECAUSE THEY LOVE YOU.
- [01:22:38.867]WE HAVE TO, AS CITIZENS, TO TAKE THE RESPONSIBILITY TO CREATE A
- [01:22:44.166]BETTER ENVIRONMENT FOR OTHERS.
- [01:22:47.500]AND ACTUALLY FOR AMERICANS, OUR STUDENTS ALSO HAVE THE SOCIAL
- [01:22:50.867]OBLIGATIONS TO CREATE STUDENTS FOR THE MUCH LESS FORTUNATE WHO
- [01:22:54.700]DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO THE KIND OF EDUCATION WE HAVE.
- [01:22:57.667]WE ARE WASTING OUR RESOURCES.
- [01:22:59.834]WASTING OUR LUXURY, TRYING TO REACH TEST SCORES.
- [01:23:03.967]NOT CAPITALIZE ON OUR CULTURE, ON OUR MUSEUMS, MUSICAL
- [01:23:10.200]INSTRUMENTS OR SPORTS FACILITIES TO DIVERSIFY OUR STUDENTS TO
- [01:23:14.333]BECOME CREATORS.
- [01:23:15.100]WE TRY TO MAKE THEM TEST-TAKERS.
- [01:23:17.700]THAT'S DOING A DISSERVICE TO AN ENTIRE WORLD.
- [01:23:24.500]>> THE BOOK SIGNING IS IN THE LOBBY, AND WE'LL LOOK FORWARD TO
- [01:23:28.033]SEEING YOU NEXT YEAR FOR THE NEW SERIES ON CREATIVITY.
- [01:23:31.967]LET US THANK YONG ZHAO ONCE MORE.
- [01:23:38.433][ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU, THANK YOU.
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